Focus on ESP Alison Smith Silvana Sardi

TEACHER’S PACK

EXPLORE TRAVEL & TOURISM

 Alison Smith Silvana Sardi

EXPLORE
TRAVEL & TOURISM

TEACHER’S PACK
Explore
Teacher’s Pack

Editorial coordination: Simona Franzoni

Editorial project: Sabina Cedraro
Editors: Linda Pergolini, Leonardo Santarelli, Monia Cardella
Art director: Marco Mercatali
Production manager: Francesco Capitano
Page design: Sara Blasigh
Page layout: Enea Ciccarelli, Davide Elisei – Airone Comunicazione
Picture editor: Giorgia D’Angelo – Airone Comunicazione

Cover
Cover design: Paola Lorenzetti
Photos: Shutterstock

© 2018 ELI S.r.l.

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or otherwise circulated without the publisher’s prior consent in
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ISBN 978-88-536-2570-0

Acknowledgements
Photo acknowledgement: Shutterstock
TEACHER’S PACK

Indice
Coursebook — Contents p. 4

Introduzione
Destinatari e obiettivi p. 8
Componenti p. 9
Struttura delle sezioni p. 9
Descrizione delle unità p. 10
Compiti autentici di realtà p. 16
Percorsi CLIL p. 17
Preparazione agli esami p. 18
Classi ad abilità mista p. 20
Tests and Resources p. 21
La didattica inclusiva p. 21
L’offerta digitale p. 23
Explore - Prove d’Esame p. 28

BES e inclusività p. 29

Soluzioni e note didattiche per Explore p. 99

Unit 1 p. 100
Unit 2 p. 116
Unit 3 p. 128
Unit 4 p. 142
Unit 5 p. 156
Unit 6 p. 174
Unit 7 p. 192
Unit 8 p. 205
Unit 9 p. 220
ESW (English-Speaking World) p. 234
CLIL p. 237

Map your knowledge — Revision Units 1-6 p. 251

Soluzioni Explore — Prove d’Esame p. 261

Tests and Resources p. 277

Units Tests p. 278

Obiettivi minimi — Units Tests p. 332
Answer key and audioscripts p. 386
Obiettivi minimi — Answer key and audioscripts p. 394

INDICE 3
 Contents
UNITS Tourism in THEORY

1 The Tourism • The nature of tourism • Organisations for the promotion

• A short history of tourism of tourism
Industry •
•
The world tourist industry today
The economic impact of tourism
• Organisations for selling tourism
products
p. 10 • The social and environmental • The effect of ICT and the
impact of tourism Internet on the tourism industry
• Sustainable tourism • Package holidays

SECTION A
The World
2 Marketing and • The role of marketing • Market research
• Market segmentation • Analysing data

of Tourism Promotion •
•
The marketing mix
SWOT analysis
•
•
Promotional methods
Digital promotion
p. 44 • Life cycle of tourist destinations

3 Working in • Continuing your studies • Working in a hotel

• Choosing a job • Working in a resort
Tourism •
•
Working as a guide
Working in a Tourist Information
•
•
Working for an airline
Working for a cruise company
p. 68 Centre • Working in marketing
• Working in a travel agency • Working as an event planner

TOURISM CASE STUDY: Promoting a web business p. 94

REVIEW SECTION A: Map your knowledge p. 96 VIDEO

4 Motivations and Why people travel • Music and screen tourism

• Business tourism • Religious tourism
Destinations • Niche tourism
• Nature and rural tourism
Where people travel
• Natural resources
p. 98 • Adventure tourism • Man-made resources
• Weddings and honeymoons • UNESCO World Heritage Sites
• Food tourism • Climate
• Medical and wellness tourism

5 Transport • Before you travel • International departure and

- Identity documents arrivals procedures
SECTION B p. 130 - Insurance Land transport
- Health • Travelling by train
Destinations - Money
Air transport
• Travelling by coach and bus
• Travelling by car

and • Airlines and flights

• Flight classes
Water transport
• Ferries and water buses

Services • Tickets
• The airport
• Cruises and boating holidays
• On board a cruise ship

6 Accommodation • Choosing accommodation Self-catering accommodation

Serviced accommodation • Holiday rentals
p. 166 • Hotels • Youth hostels and residences
• Facilities and amenities • Campsites
• Unusual hotels around the world • Alternative forms of
• B&Bs and guest houses accommodation
• Accommodation ratings

TOURISM CASE STUDY: Helping a hotel in difficulty p. 206

REVIEW SECTION B: Map your knowledge p. 208 VIDEO

2
4
Tourism in PRACTICE Explore language Test your knowledge and skills
• Communication in tourism: • Communication in tourism: • Travelling and travellers • ‘Why Are Human Travel Agents Still so Much
written communication oral communication • The words journey, travel, trip and tour Better Than Websites?’
- Emails - Telephone calls
VIDEO ROLE PLAY In a tourist information
- Memos GRAMMAR Indirect
office
- Formal letters questions
- Faxes and electronic - Voicemail
faxes - Face-to-face communication
- Forms VIDEO
• Communication in tourism:
visual communication

• Adverts • Circular letters and • Marketing and advertising • ‘Virtual Reality and Tourism Marketing’
VIDEO newsletters
• Leaflets and brochures • Promotional phone calls VIDEO ROLE PLAY At a trade fair
GRAMMAR Modifiers and • Promotion at a fair
order of adjectives VIDEO
• Websites

• Looking for a job - Other forms of CV • Applying for a job • ‘Jobs in the Travel Industry’
• Writing a CV VIDEO
- Example of a CV • Writing a covering letter VIDEO ROLE PLAY A job interview
- Europass CV • Preparing for an interview
- Writing a personal profile VIDEO
GRAMMAR Past simple
and Present perfect

• Presenting a destination - Phone enquiries and • Natural resources • ‘Climate Change Is Destroying World Wonders’
• Writing descriptive texts replies • Man-made resources
for a destination • Giving advice VIDEO ROLE PLAY At a hotel
GRAMMAR The definite GRAMMAR The verbs
article with place names suggest and recommend
• Enquiries and replies VIDEO
- Written enquiries and
replies

• Presenting a transport - Bookings and • Air transport • ‘Really Slow Travel – Why we should walk more’
company confirmations by email • Land transport
GRAMMAR Relative clauses - Bookings and confirmations • Water transport VIDEO ROLE PLAY Purchasing a rail ticket
• Enquiries and replies on the phone and in person
GRAMMAR Prepositions • Changes and cancellations
of time • While travelling
• Bookings and - Check-in at the airport
confirmations - On board the plane
- Booking methods - At the station
- Booking a flight online • Complaints and replies

• Presenting accommodation • Check-in and check-out • Hotels • ‘Italy’s Fast Growing Agritourism Trend’
• Writing descriptive texts VIDEO • Holiday rentals
for accommodation • During a stay • Camping VIDEO ROLE PLAY At a holiday resort
GRAMMAR The passive GRAMMAR Use of will
• Enquiries and replies • Dealing with complaints
• Bookings and • Complaints and reviews
confirmations on social media and travel
GRAMMAR The infinitive websites
• Modifications and
cancellations

3
5
 Contents
UNITS HIGHLIGHTS

7 Explore Italy • Geography • Mountains

• Political system • Lakes
p. 210 • A brief history of Italy • Rome
• Key moments in the 20th and • Cities of art
21st centuries - Venice
• SURVIVAL GUIDE - Milan
Around Italy - Florence
• The coast - Lecce

8 Explore The • Geography Around Wales

• UK political system • The capital
British Isles •
•
A brief history of the UK
Key moments in the 20th and
• The coast
• Action and adventure
p. 246 21st centuries Around Scotland
• SURVIVAL GUIDE • The capital
Around England • Royal history
SECTION C • The coast • Lochs
• Village life Around Ireland
Exploring • Industrial heritage
• National parks
• Belfast
• Dublin

Countries • London
VIDEO The Shard
• Abbeys and monasteries
• Prehistoric remains
• TFL – Transport for London

9 Explore • Geography • National parks

• Political system • Washington DC
The USA •
•
A brief history of the USA
Key moments in the 20th and
• Other major cities
- New York City
p. 282 21st centuries - San Francisco
• SURVIVAL GUIDE VIDEO The Golden Gate
Around the USA Bridge
• The coast • Entertainment

ESW p. 318 Canada A rail and coach trip across the Canadian Rockies
South Africa A city break and safari in South Africa
India A package tour to the Golden Triangle and Goa
VIDEO The Taj Mahal
Australia A multi-destination holiday in Australia
VIDEO The Sydney Opera House

CLIL p. 326 Architecture • English Gothic cathedrals: London’s Westminster Abbey

• Prehistoric architecture • Norman architecture in England
• Greek architecture - The White Tower
- Greek temples VIDEO The Tower of London
• Roman architecture - Dover Castle
- Types of buildings - Windsor Castle
- Domestic architecture • Half-timbered houses in the UK
• Roman heritage in Britain • Renaissance and Classicism
- London • Baroque
- Bath • Gothic revival and Neoclassicism
- Hadrian’s Wall - Gothic revival
• Paleo-Christian architecture VIDEO Tower Bridge
• Romanesque architecture - Neoclassicism
• Gothic architecture
- Gothic churches

4
6
ITINERARIES Creating Professional Test your knowledge
your itinerary competences and skills
• Planning an itinerary – • Guided itinerary • How to present a church • ‘The Miracle of Matera’
A practical guide • More practice itineraries VIDEO The Basilica of St Francis of
Assisi VIDEO ROLE PLAY Booking a
• Itinerary 1 – A walking tour in
• Churches/Cathedrals holiday
Rome
• Itinerary 2 – Day trips from Rome • How to present a painting
GRAMMAR Quantifiers VIDEO The Scrovegni Chapel, Padua
• Itinerary 3 – A personalised • Paintings
fly-drive holiday in Sicily
• Itinerary 4 – An independent tour
of central Italy

• Itinerary 1 – A coach tour in • Guided itinerary • How to present a museum • ‘Snowdonia’s Transformation –
southern England • More practice itineraries VIDEO The British Museum, London From sleepy park to adrenaline
GRAMMAR The -ing form • Museums junkies’ paradise’
• Itinerary 2 – A walking tour in • How to present a castle
VIDEO Bodiam Castle in the south of VIDEO ROLE PLAY At a tourist
London
England office in London
• Itinerary 3 – A tour of Scottish
islands • Castles
• Itinerary 4 – A themed tour in
Wales
• Itinerary 5 – A coach tour in
Ireland

• Itinerary 1 – A tour of a New • Guided itinerary • How to present a national park • ‘Native American Culture in the USA’
York borough • More practice itineraries VIDEO Denali National Park, Alaska
• National parks VIDEO ROLE PLAY Booking a
GRAMMAR First conditional
• How to present a theme park guided tour of New York
• Itinerary 2 – A fly-drive holiday
on the East Coast VIDEO Universal Orlando Resort,
• Itinerary 3 – A river cruise on the Florida
Mississippi • Amusement parks
• Itinerary 4 – Two package
holidays in National Parks
GRAMMAR Intensifying
comparatives and superlatives

Painting Law
• Renaissance • The UK political system
• Baroque - Parliament
• Romanticism - The UK Government and Prime Minister
• Impressionism • UK General Elections
• Post-Impressionism - Political parties
• Early Modernism • The European Union (EU)
• Pop Art - A brief history of the EU
- EU institutions
Sculpture • The US political system
• Romanesque - The Constitution
• Gothic - The US Government
• Renaissance • US elections
• Baroque - Political parties
• Neoclassicism

5
7
 TEACHER’S PACK

Introduzione
Destinatari e obiettivi
Explore è un corso di inglese per il secondo biennio e il quinto anno degli Istituti Tecnici, Settore Economico,
indirizzo Turismo.

In base ai regolamenti ministeriali, Explore sviluppa le competenze e le conoscenze linguistiche definite dal Consiglio
d’Europa nel Quadro Comune Europeo di Riferimento per le Lingue, che portano gli studenti allo sviluppo integrale
del livello B2 alla fine del secondo biennio e quinto anno.

In linea con le più recenti direttive ministeriali, Explore si pone come obiettivo di studio della prima lingua straniera
quello di “stabilire collegamenti tra le tradizioni culturali locali, nazionali ed internazionali sia in una prospettiva
interculturale sia ai fini della mobilità di studio e di lavoro; utilizzare i linguaggi settoriali delle lingue straniere
previste dai percorsi di studio per interagire in diversi ambiti e contesti di studio e di lavoro; utilizzare le reti e gli
strumenti informatici nelle attività di studio, ricerca e approfondimento disciplinare.”

Secondo quanto previsto dalla Guida alla nuova scuola secondaria superiore del 23 febbraio 2010 presentata dal
MIUR, il profilo del diplomato nell’indirizzo Turismo è il seguente:
• ha competenze specifiche nel comparto delle imprese del settore turistico e competenze generali nel campo dei
macrofenomeni economici nazionali ed internazionali, della normativa civilistica e fiscale, dei sistemi aziendali;
• interviene nella valorizzazione integrata e sostenibile del patrimonio culturale, artistico, artigianale,
enogastronomico, paesaggistico ed ambientale;
• integra le competenze dell’ambito professionale specifico con quelle linguistiche e informatiche per operare nel
sistema informativo dell’azienda e contribuire sia all’innovazione sia al miglioramento organizzativo e tecnologico
dell’impresa turistica inserita nel contesto internazionale.

È in grado di:
• gestire servizi e/o prodotti turistici con particolare attenzione alla valorizzazione del patrimonio paesaggistico,
artistico, culturale, artigianale, enogastronomico del territorio;
• collaborare a definire con i soggetti pubblici e privati l’immagine turistica del territorio e i piani di qualificazione
per lo sviluppo dell’offerta integrata;
• utilizzare i sistemi informativi, disponibili a livello nazionale e internazionale, per proporre servizi turistici anche
innovativi;
• promuovere il turismo integrato avvalendosi delle tecniche di comunicazione multimediale;
• intervenire nella gestione aziendale per gli aspetti organizzativi, amministrativi, contabili e commerciali.

A conclusione del percorso quinquennale, il diplomato nell’indirizzo Turismo consegue i risultati di apprendimento
di seguito specificati in termini di competenze:
• riconoscere e interpretare le tendenze dei mercati locali, nazionali, globali anche per coglierne le ripercussioni nel
contesto turistico, i macrofenomeni socio-economici globali in termini generali e specifici dell’impresa turistica,
i cambiamenti dei sistemi economici nella dimensione diacronica attraverso il confronto tra epoche e nella
dimensione sincronica attraverso il confronto tra aree geografiche e culturali diverse;
• individuare e accedere alla normativa pubblicistica, civilistica, fiscale con particolare riferimento a quella del
settore turistico;
• interpretare i sistemi aziendali nei loro modelli, processi di gestione e flussi informativi;
• riconoscere le peculiarità organizzative delle imprese turistiche e contribuire a cercare soluzioni funzionali alle
diverse tipologie;
• gestire il sistema delle rilevazioni aziendali con l’ausilio di programmi di contabilità integrata specifici per le
aziende del settore Turistico;
• contribuire a realizzare piani di marketing con riferimento a specifiche tipologie di imprese o prodotti turistici;
• progettare, documentare e presentare servizi o prodotti turistici;
• individuare le caratteristiche del mercato del lavoro e collaborare alla gestione del personale dell’impresa turistica;
• utilizzare il sistema delle comunicazioni e delle relazioni delle imprese turistiche.

8 IN TRO DUZI ON E
 Componenti
Per lo studente:
• Volume
• FLIP BOOK scaricabile online
• Explore — Prove d’Esame
• Materiale supplementare online sul sito www.elilaspigaedizioni.it nella sezione dedicata a Explore

Per l’insegnante:
• Teacher’s Pack
• 2 CD audio con tutti i testi di ascolto
• Teacher’s FLIP BOOK
• Test Maker Multi-ROM con gli audio e i file dei test in formato Word® modificabile
• Materiale supplementare online sul sito www.elilaspigaedizioni.it nella sezione dedicata a Explore

Struttura delle sezioni

Explore si divide in nove unità organizzate in tre sezioni principali: le prime due dedicate alla teoria e alla pratica
dell’inglese turistico e la terza dedicata alla presentazione di Italia, Isole Britanniche e Stati Uniti.

Le unità delle prime due sezioni sono articolate in 3 parti principali:

• Tourism in THEORY: comprende testi di lettura, documenti, video di attualità e articoli autentici con esercizi di
comprensione, lessico, listening, speaking e writing;
• Tourism in PRACTICE: presenta una trattazione completa ed esaustiva della comunicazione turistica scritta e
orale, attraverso una scelta di esercizi incentrati principalmente sulla fraseologia e sulle funzioni;
• Explore language: due o quattro pagine che consentono un approfondimento del lessico specialistico attraverso
mappe concettuali, tavole illustrate e attività.

Al termine delle prime due sezioni:

• Tourism case study: due pagine che presentano un caso studio reale con analisi e simulazioni di situazioni
professionali;
• Map your knowledge: mappe concettuali che riassumono i concetti e le parole chiave per ogni unità, maggiormente
sviluppate all’interno del FLIP BOOK e accompagnate da audio e riassunti per il ripasso dei concetti principali.

Ogni unità della terza sezione si articola in quattro parti:

• Overview: una panoramica dei paesi (Italia, Isole Britanniche, Stati Uniti) per illustrarne la geografia, il sistema
politico, la storia e le principali città o regioni e una guida pratica di viaggio;
• Itineraries: una serie di itinerari per mostrare tutte le varie tipologie di viaggio;
• Creating your itinerary: due pagine a conclusione di ciascuna unità che permettono allo studente di esercitarsi
alla creazione di itinerari turistici personalizzati;
• Professional competences: quattro pagine con video e tavole illustrate che permettono di mettere in pratica
quanto appreso nell’unità in modo autonomo e all’interno di un contesto lavorativo autentico simulato. Lo
studente crea materiali da utilizzare nella promozione turistica.

Al termine di ogni unità:

• Test your knowledge and skills: due pagine di test che includono la comprensione scritta di un articolo autentico
in preparazione alla seconda prova dell’Esame di Stato, attività di sviluppo delle skills e un video role play
interattivo con simulazioni di situazioni professionali.

In chiusura al volume:
• ESW (English-Speaking World): una sezione dedicata a itinerari in alcune aree anglofone al di fuori del Regno
Unito e degli USA.
• CLIL: spazio dedicato alle competenze trasversali (storia dell’architettura, storia dell’arte e della scultura, diritto).

I N TR O D U Z I O N E 9
 Descrizione delle unità — Units 1-6
Il percorso didattico delle unità 1-6 è così articolato:

Tourism in THEORY
Ogni argomento si struttura generalmente in una o due
Sustainable tourism
pagine che forniscono informazioni essenziali e lessico di
Reading comprehension

A C T IV ITI ES
READY TO GO
1 Look at the
2 Read the text on page 18 and answer these questions.
Tourism that takes full account of its current and future economic, social and environmental 1 Is the idea of sustainability only applied to the tourism industry? Why/Why not?
photographs on this
impacts, addressing the needs of visitors, the industry, the environment and host communities. 2 In what way does sustainable tourism try to protect the future of our planet?
page. In pairs, discuss

base.
what they show. UNWTO 3 How do the two examples of the Bahamas and Zanzibar demonstrate that sustainable tourism is of global
relevance?
Sustainable development – the aim of satisfying the needs of the present without 4 Who is responsible for ensuring that the tourism sector works towards sustainability?
5 Why shouldn't sustainable tourism be considered as a specialised form of tourism?
niche di nicchia compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs – is a model
6 Should tourists only consider the principles of sustainable tourism while they are on holiday? Why/Why not?

La lettura è spesso preceduta da un esercizio di ready

offset controbilanciare which is also applied to the tourist industry. Tourism, like most other industries, will
never be completely sustainable but it can certainly become more sustainable than it is 3 Complete the mind map with the responsibilities each category has and the actions they should take in
at present. The aim of sustainable tourism is to control and reduce to a minimum order to make tourism more sustainable. Add your own ideas too.
LOOK CLOSER the negative economic, social and environmental impacts of tourism, while
The United Nations declared maximising the benefits for current and future visitors, host countries and their people, governments

to go che invita lo studente a identificare che cosa già

2017 as the International Year our cultural and historical heritage, and the natural world. and
of Sustainable Tourism for organisations
Development, in recognition Sustainable tourism does not follow just one set of rules, since the impacts of tourism
of the tremendous potential differ according to the place and so solutions are different too. And it is not just tour operators,
of the tourism industry to
SUSTAINABLE hotels,
restricted to LEDCs and countries with an endangered ecosystem or important natural TOURISM other businesses

conosce sull’argomento (concetti, informazioni, lessico),

fight against poverty
and encourage features, although these often feel the negative impacts much more. It is relevant to
social inclusion, a resort in the Bahamas, which should find alternative energy sources and deal with
mutual recycling correctly, just as much as to a resort in Zanzibar, which needs to conserve tourists
understanding, water and help reduce poverty. All the countries of the world need to follow sustainable
and
tourism principles which include:

a fare ipotesi sul contenuto del testo oppure a esprimere

cultural and
• following a code of conduct established by an international organisation such as
Vocabulary
environmental
preservation. UNWTO and the Global Sustainable Tourism Council; 4 Match these terms to the correct definition.
• having a certification from organisations such as the Rainforest Alliance; 1 sustainable a determined, intentional
• employing local people, paying fair wages and offering training; 2 endangered b the amount of CO2 produced by a person’s activities/lifestyle

idee personali in proposito.

What changes could be • using and buying locally-produced goods, for example for restaurants and souvenirs; 3 conduct c manufactured or grown in the area
made in Italy/your area • protecting the environment with conservation projects; 4 fair d behaviour
to make tourism more 5 locally-produced e unwanted material, rubbish
sustainable? • recycling, using alternative energy, conserving water and implementing the correct
6 waste f causing little or no damage to the environment
treatment of waste.
7 conscious g right, reasonable
The responsibility for creating sustainable tourism lies with governments, international 8 carbon footprint h in danger, at risk of extinction
We use the term carbon
footprint to indicate the organisations, tour operators and other tourist-based businesses, local people and, lastly,
with the tourists themselves. Sustainable tourism is therefore not a niche or specialised
5 Complete the mind map about sustainable tourism.
amount of greenhouse
gases that people cause,
directly or indirectly,
form of tourism, the latest fashion amongst a small group of eco-warriors, but it is what Listening
tourism should be everywhere and for everyone. It does not matter what kind of holiday

Nel testo i concetti chiave sono spesso evidenziati in

during their daily 6 PET Listen to an executive from a national tourist board explaining how tourists should behave in
1.1
activities and lives, such you want to take or where you want to go, what is important is how responsibly you order to contribute to sustainable tourism in cities. Complete the sentences.
as driving a car, heating a behave from the moment you book your holiday to the moment you return: making a
1 Don’t ___________ on the steps of a church or 4 If renting an Airbnb apartment is ___________,
house or taking a flight. conscious choice to use a company with sound ethics; offsetting the carbon footprint
historic monument. don’t do it.
made by your journey; respecting the history, culture and people of the place you are 2 Be ___________ of permanent residents of the 5 ___________ other areas beyond the typical main

grassetto e la comprensione è coadiuvata dai seguenti tipi

www.gstcouncil.org visiting; protecting animals. The consequences of tourism have a global effect; there city and their needs. sights of the city.
www.rainforest-alliance.org needs to be a global effort to overcome them. 3 Try to speak a little of the local language and 6 Try to travel ___________ so there will be less
sample the ___________. congestion.

Speaking
7 In pairs, decide which of these actions of a tourist follow the principles of sustainable tourism.
What would the positive and/or negative impact of each action be?
• Buying a souvenir made with local seashells
• Eating a speciality in a restaurant run by local
• Having a 3-minute shower
• Throwing plastic bottles in the general waste bin
di box:
people • Booking all your excursions with your travel

• il box glossario con la traduzione in italiano delle parole

• Asking for clean towels in your hotel room every day agent before you leave

18 UN I T 1 | TOURISM IN THEORY The Tourism Industry | U N I T 1 19

meno note;
• il box LOOK CLOSER che presenta degli spunti di approfondimento sul tema trattato;
• il box asterisco (*) che approfondisce il significato, le peculiarità linguistiche o l’etimologia di termini o espressioni
presenti nel testo;
• il box DID YOU KNOW? con piccole curiosità;
• rimandi a uno o più siti Internet dove gli studenti potranno trovare ulteriori informazioni e approfondimenti inerenti
ai temi trattati. Il link è attivato nel FLIP BOOK e collega lo studente direttamente alla pagina del sito in questione.

Alla lettura seguono esercizi strutturati di:

• reading comprehension: rispondere a domande sul testo, svolgere un esercizio di vero/falso, abbinare due parti
di frasi tratte dal testo, completamento di frasi;
• vocabulary: trovare l’equivalente italiano di alcune parole del testo, o viceversa trovare nel testo l’equivalente
inglese delle parole italiane elencate; abbinare le parole alla loro definizione, oppure leggere la definizione e
rintracciare nel testo la parola corrispondente; abbinare le parole alle immagini; rintracciare nel testo i sinonimi
delle parole elencate;
• listening: riempire i vuoti di un testo ascoltando l’audio, scegliere l’opzione corretta per completare il testo o le
frasi, scegliere la risposta corretta a domande di comprensione sull’ascolto, svolgere un esercizio di vero/falso;
• speaking: dialogare a coppie, discutere in gruppi, o fare una presentazione alla classe seguendo una traccia data;
• writing: scrivere dei brevi testi basandosi su esperienze personali, esprimere opinioni personali rispondendo a
domande date, oppure riassumere brevemente gli argomenti studiati;
• internet research & speaking/writing: ricercare delle informazioni su località specifiche e preparare delle breve
descrizioni o materiale turistico mirato in forma orale o scritta.

A questi si aggiungono spesso uno o più esercizi sulle skills, che riflettono il formato del Cambridge English:
Preliminary nelle unità 1-4 e First nelle unità 5-9. Si tratta di esercizi di:
• reading comprehension e use of English: esercizi con risposte a scelta multipla, esercizi di vero/falso,
completamento di un testo con la scelta dell’opzione corretta (Preliminary); esercizi con risposte a scelta multipla,
completamento di un testo con la scelta delle parole corrette (First);
• listening: completare informazioni in forma di appunti, scegliere la risposta corretta a domande di comprensione
dell’ascolto (Preliminary); prendere appunti ascoltando una conversazione e un messaggio, identificare gli
argomenti di varie telefonate, comprensione dell’ascolto con esercizio a scelta multipla (First);
• speaking: presentazione di un argomento, discussione a coppie relativa a immagini o suggerimenti scritti
(Preliminary); estesa presentazione di un argomento, discussione a coppie basata su una traccia data (First);
• writing: completamento di moduli, composizione di un’e-mail o una lettera (Preliminary); composizione di un
articolo, una lettera, un recensione (First).

10 IN TRO DUZI ON E
Al termine di ogni macroargomento si trovano proposte per compiti di realtà che preparano all’Esame di Stato:
• preparare una breve presentazione sull’argomento appena affrontato;
• produrre un saggio breve seguendo una traccia o alcune domande guida, rispondere a domande a risposta
aperta sugli argomenti appena trattati.

In queste pagine si trovano inoltre: rimandi ad approfondimenti online, rimandi ad argomenti correlati all’interno
del volume, collegamenti a video e relative attività extra presenti nel FLIP BOOK.

Tourism in PRACTICE
La sezione comprende esempi pratici di materiale
Check-in and check-out
Checking in at a hotel can be done in person with a receptionist, by using a self-service screen or, in an
increasing number of hotels, with an app in order to make the process quicker and easier for guests.
During a stay
Various members of staff in a hotel, resort and other types of accommodation may
have to interact with guests during their stay in order to check they are enjoying
READY TO GO
1 Why might guests
need to talk to a
turistico autentico, e-mail, lettere, telefonate, ecc., e ne
rinforza l’apprendimento con una vasta serie di esercizi: di
With the increase in online bookings and payments, the process has become much quicker also with a themselves, to answer questions, offer help and advice and to solve any problems. member of staff
receptionist, who normally needs only to check the name or booking reference and then give the room The main point of contact will usually be the front desk, who can then refer the guest to during their stay at a
number and key. other members of staff if appropriate. hotel or other type
It may be necessary for guests to fill in a registration form or show their passport or identity card. In other of accommodation?
situations, the receptionist will take credit card details, provide further information about the hotel facilities

completamento, riordinamento, abbinamento, vero/falso,

and organise for a porter to take the guest’s luggage to the room. Checking out can vary from simply Phraseology

AC TI VI TIE S
dropping off a key to requesting the bill, often done the evening before, and settling payment for the room 2 Match the two parts to form mini-dialogues between a guest and a receptionist.
and any extras.
Guest Receptionist
1 Is there a blackout? The lights and TV aren’t a Of course. Our concierge would be pleased to

interazione orale e composizione scritta. Molti esercizi

HINTS & TIPS working in my room. help you with that. I’ll just get him for you.
For receptionists 2 There aren’t any clean towels in my room. Could b That’s not a problem, Sir. I’ll issue you with a new one.
• Immediately stop what you are doing to greet the guest on arrival. I ask you for some? c Have you inserted your key card correctly in the
• Look up from your screen during the check-in and check-out 3 I was wondering if you could help me find theatre panel by the door?
process to have eye contact. tickets for a Broadway show. d Certainly. I can recommend our ‘face and body

di questa sezione riflettono il formato del Cambridge

• Smile, be friendly and have a helpful attitude. 4 I can’t find my key card. I think I left it in the room. sensation’ massage.
• Give information clearly, such as how the electronic key works, 5 Can I book a beauty treatment at the spa for this e I’m sorry, Sir. I’ll get housekeeping to bring you
how to get to the room and when and where breakfast is served.
afternoon? some immediately.
• Use the guest’s name during the conversation.
• During the check-out, thank guests for their custom to ensure they
leave with a positive feeling about the hotel and experience. EXPLORE GRAMMAR Video tutorial

Video
USE OF WILL
English: Preliminary (PET) nelle unità 1-4 e First (FCE)
A CT IV IT IES

We use will to make promises, offers and refusals, and for decisions taken at the moment of speaking.
1 I see you’ve got a lot of luggage. I’ll call the porter to help you.
Watch the video of two people checking in to a hotel and choose the correct alternative.
Don’t worry. We will sort the problem out straightaway.

nelle unità 5-9.

1 The first guest booked on the phone/online. 4 The guest needs/does not need help with his luggage. ‘There’s a train strike tomorrow.’ ‘Really? Your brother will take you to the airport then.’
2 The receptionist is very friendly/reserved. 5 The second person is a regular/first-time guest. Stop asking me to lend you the money for your holiday. I won’t change my mind.
3 The receptionist asks for a credit card/identity card. 6 She accepts a room overlooking the river/the park.
1 Use the prompts to make appropriate sentences with will.
PASSEPARTOUT 1 ‘I’m not sure how to work the TV remote.’ ‘I / explain / you’
CHECKING IN CHECKING OUT 2 ‘Are you ready to order, Sir?’ ‘We / have / chicken soup’
Receptionist Receptionist 3 ‘I’m sorry for the wait. I / be / with / you / moment’
• Welcome. How may I help you? • How was your stay with us? 4 ‘What time can we check in at the hotel, dear?’ ‘I / check / the information pack’
• Have you got your reservation number? May I have your name, please? • Here’s your bill. Would you just like to check it? 5 ‘I’d like some information on the tours, please.’ ‘Certainly. I / show / you / the brochure’
• Yes, we have your reservation for a double room for four nights. • So, two nights, half board, parking. That’s £740.

In questa sezione troviamo:

• How will you be paying? • You just need to settle the cost of room service.
• Could I have your credit card, please?/Can I see your passport please? • A copy of your bill will be emailed to you. Would PASSEPARTOUT
• Here is your key card. Your room is on the fourth floor. The lift is over there. you like a printed copy as well?
• Breakfast is served from 7 to 9.30 on the lower ground floor. • Just a moment and I’ll print you a receipt. INTERACTING WITH GUESTS
• I’ll have the porter take your luggage up straightaway. • Do you need any help with transportation? Guest Hotel staff

• il box EXPLORE GRAMMAR dove vengono brevemente

• I hope you have a pleasant stay. • Have a safe trip home.
• I’d like to order room service. • Would you like to take part in the beach volley competition tomorrow?
• Thank you for staying with us.
Guest • Can I have a beach towel/a hairdryer/a wake-up call? • We’re serving cocktails in the Tiki Bar. Please come and join us!
• Good afternoon, I have a reservation in the name of Juan Michaels. Guest • Have you got an iron I can use? • Hairdryers/Irons/Beach towels are available from the reception desk.
• Here is the booking number/confirmation email. • We would like to check out tomorrow morning. • How can I register my child for the Kids’ Club? • You need to book sailing lessons/kids’ activities with the entertainment officer.
• I requested a sea view. Is that possible? Could you prepare the bill, please? • What activities are planned for this afternoon? • Is there anything else I can do to help?
• Can I have a wake-up call, please?/What time is breakfast? • Could you give me a receipt, please? • What time does the excursion leave in the morning? • Are you alright? Do you need to go to the medical centre?

presentate diverse strutture grammaticali, seguite,

• Do I have to book to use the gym facilities? • Can I pay for the extras in cash/by credit card? • I can’t get any English channels on the TV. • We can organise a packed lunch if you prefer.
• Is the restaurant/bar still open/serving? • I’d like a taxi to the airport, please. ALTERNANZA
SCUOLA-LAVORO
ALTERNANZA Speaking – PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCES
SCUOLA-LAVORO
Speaking – PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCES 3 In pairs, act out conversations for the following situations between guests and staff in a holiday resort.

nel libro e nel FLIP BOOK, da uno o due esercizi di

2 In pairs, role play checking in and out of a hotel. Invent the various situations (type of hotel, room, length 1 Non ci sono lettini nei pressi della piscina. 3 Hai bisogno di usare la sala riunioni per un incontro.
of stay etc.). Remember to swap roles. 2 L’aria condizionata nella tua camera non funziona. 4 Hai paura dei gechi e ce n’è uno nel tuo bagno.

194 UN I T 6 | TOURISM IN PRACTICE Accommodation | U N I T 6 195

applicazione pratica. All’interno di questa sezione è

possibile avvalersi dei video tutorials che ripropongono alcune regole grammaticali presentate nel libro: una
professoressa inglese spiega la regola grammaticale e propone alcuni esempi concreti. Questi video tutorials
possono avere molteplici utilizzi: fungere da introduzione all’argomento grammaticale della lezione, o da
riepilogo e ripasso, e venire proiettati sulla LIM; oppure essere uno strumento di studio e ripasso a casa per tutti
gli studenti e in particolare per quelli con disturbi specifici dell’apprendimento (da una difficoltà di lettura a una
più generale difficoltà, anche temporanea, a concentrarsi).
• il box PASSEPARTOUT che elenca le espressioni utili per la comunicazione scritta e orale ed è sempre seguito
da esercizi che permettono di sviluppare le competenze professionali, utili anche ad affrontare l’esperienza di
Alternanza Scuola-Lavoro.
• il box HINTS & TIPS che fornisce strategie e suggerimenti pratici per lo sviluppo delle competenze professionali.

Explore language
UNIT Si tratta di due o quattro pagine con mappe concettuali,
6 Explore language
1 Complete the sentences with the words in the box.

airport − bed and breakfast − boutique − business − franchises

micro − motels − luxury − resort − serviced apartments
tavole illustrate ed esercizi di varia tipologia. Gli studenti
potranno così sviluppare e consolidare il lessico specifico e
1 A good _____________ hotel should have plenty of conference and meeting rooms.
Hotels 2
3
The Ritz in London is a 5-star _____________ hotel.
_____________ hotels are popular in places like Tokyo where space is limited.
4 I stayed at a lovely little _____________ hotel in Paris, just around the corner from the Arc de Triomphe.
RECEPTION 5 I’d really like to take a road trip across the USA and stay in _____________ along the way.
pigeonhole

tecnico già incontrato all’interno del modulo, rafforzando

concierge 6 _____________ hotels you can find on package holidays are often really big with lots of facilities.
7 Many people prefer _____________ to hotels because they allow you a lot more freedom.
8 When we have an early morning flight, we usually stay at an _____________ hotel the night before.
9 My parents run a _____________ in our house where we can have up to 8 guests staying with us.
key card receptionist 10 Marriott International is one of the biggest ____________ in the world with over 6,000 hotels in 122 countries.

reception desk bell

2 Look at the pictures and word lists on page 200 and find the words for these definitions.
1
2
3
__________________________:
__________________________:
__________________________:
the place in a hotel room where you can keep valuables
the object in a hotel room which contains snacks and drinks
two hotel rooms which have a door between them
la capacità di usare i termini della microlingua nel contesto
adeguato.
4 __________________________: a room for several people, often found in a hostel
5 __________________________: the person who parks your car for you at a hotel
6 __________________________: the person who takes your luggage to your hotel room

3 FCE Complete the text with the correct option.

doorman porter valet lift breakfast room lobby/hall Welcome to Marigold Hotel
Your key card (1) ________________ the lighting and heating in your room.
For your comfort, extra pillows are in the (2) ________________ in your room.
The (3) ________________ is for your use in the hotel only. Please do not take it home with you.
HOTEL ROOM lamp If you require more (4) ________________ toiletries, please call reception.
Please hang up your (5) ________________ in the bathroom unless you wish them to be replaced.
bed curtain bathrobe accappatoio Breakfast is served from 6 to 10 in the restaurant on the ground floor, with a choice of (6) ________________
blanket coperta English or continental breakfast.
coat hanger appendiabiti
telephone pillow Room (7) ________________ is available 24 hours.
desk scrivania/tavolo
We wish you a pleasant (8) ________________.
flat screen TV televisore
complimentary sheet
toiletries a schermo piatto
kettle bollitore 1 A turns B switches C drives D controls
bedcover minibar minibar 2 A wardrobe B minibar C reception D desk
mug tazza 3 A bathrobe B slippers C safe D hangers
night table safe cassaforte 4 A souvenir B complimentary C serviced D versatile
towels slippers pantofole 5 A clothes B sheets C towels D blankets
carpet duvet wardrobe armadio 6 A complete B big C whole D full
bin
7 A help B service C facilities D assistance
8 A residence B remain C stay D permanence

Types of room Hotel facilities Verbs 4 Match the nouns in the box to the correct set of words to form possible collocations.
connecting rooms camere comunicanti air conditioning aria condizionata book/make a reservation effettuare una
dormitory camerata business centre centro business prenotazione bed − furniture − restaurant − stay − meal
double room camera doppia (con letto gym/fitness room palestra check in registrarsi
matrimoniale) hairdresser parrucchiere check out lasciare la stanza
self-service evening four-poster antique pleasant
family room camera familiare (quadrupla) ice machine macchina del ghiaccio confirm confermare
Michelin-starred light bunk modern comfortable
single room camera singola laundry lavanderia order room service ordinare il servizio in
traditional vegetarian king-size garden perfect
suite suite/camera lussuosa pool piscina camera
award-winning three-course double wooden overnight
triple room camera tripla room service servizio in camera pay pagare
twin room camera doppia (con letti singoli) sauna sauna tip dare la mancia 1 ____________ 2 ____________ 3 ____________ 4 ___________ 5 ___________

200 UNIT 6 | Explore language Accommodation | U NI T 6 201

I N TR O D U Z I O N E 11
 Tourism case study
TOURISM Due pagine alla fine delle prime due sezioni presentano
CASE Case analysis Think about the different methods a company can use to promote and advertise a new

Promoting a web business un caso studio reale. Si inizia con la breve presentazione
web business. Remember to consider both digital and traditional media and methods.
Step one
STUDY BRAINSTORMING DIGITAL TRADITIONAL

banner ads, ___________ _____________________

Case analysis: Bedandbreakfast.eu
dell’azienda in questione, seguita da un breve focus sulla
_____________________ _____________________
_____________________ _____________________
Background Read the information on Hanny Arens and her business. Where is Hanny from? What is
her background and what business did she set up? _____________________ _____________________
_____________________ _____________________

Dutch entrepreneur Hanny Arens studied Tourism and then Communication Management at university.
After a few years as a marketing manager in the car industry, she opened her own communications
consultancy. She has a passion for travel and discovering new parts of the world. Her favourite places to stay
are B&Bs as she feels it gives a more genuine and personal experience compared to an anonymous hotel. This
Step two
BRAINSTORMING
Choose four of your ideas from step one. List the advantages and disadvantages of
these different methods of promotion. Use the ideas in the box to help you.
situazione che si vuole analizzare. Una volta analizzato
il caso attraverso una o più fasi, si portano gli studenti
interest was one of the deciding factors in her business idea: a website exclusively for B&B accommodation – costs − staff needed − technical knowledge − target audience
bedandbreakfast.nl. Since this was the early days of the Internet and her clients were not yet aware of the reach − accessibility of data − design − ability to track success
potential of advertising on a website, she also published a printed B&B guide which she sent to
B&B owners and prospective customers across the country. In
Advantages: Advantages:
addition to this, she provided regular emails with relevant

a sviluppare e consolidare i processi di brainstorming

information on B&B related subjects to her contacts. As a B&B 1 _____ 2 _____
portal, the site was quite easy to find on the Internet, due to the Disadvantages: Disadvantages:
smaller numbers of similar websites at that time, but they
also advertised with Google Adwords, for example.
Six years later, Hanny decided to expand the business

decision making, problem solving e critical thinking

Advantages: Advantages:
across Europe.
3 _____ 4 _____
prospective potenziali Disadvantages: Disadvantages:

Case presentation Read the information on Hanny’s idea for expanding the business. What is the new
website called? Did they follow the same design and features as the existing .nl site?
What are the features of the new site?
Step three
DECISION-MAKING
Decide which option(s) bedandbreakfast.eu should choose to promote the
accommodation portal in Europe. Think about:
• the brand image of the company
che saranno cruciali durante l’esperienza di Alternanza
Scuola-Lavoro e nello svolgere la loro professione futura.
• the short and long-term business objectives of the company
Hanny’s first step was to buy the domain bedandbreakfast.eu.
With her team she developed a brand new website and Step four Tell the class what your group decided and why. How many other groups made
reservation system, with a completely updated and visually the same decisions?
appealing design. To maintain an idea of continuity and
brand image between the two websites, Bedandbreakfast.nl Outcome Read what bedandbreakfast.eu decided to do and where the company is at now.
was updated too. The team paid particular attention to Did you make the same decisions?
improving certain technical aspects in order to increase the
user-friendliness and they added new features. They also had Thanks to her broad experience as a marketer, Hanny was able to quickly build
to consider which languages to use in order to appeal to a awareness of the portal using a mix of SEO (Search Engine Optimisation), SEA
European audience. In addition to Dutch, they chose to start (Search Engine Advertising) and remarketing to reach her target audience. She also
with English and German. Even though several members of built a presence on social media. Relying on her strategic choices and supported by
the team were fluent in these languages, they still used the her team of 14 people, Bedandbreakfast.eu has become a global platform for people
services of a translator to ensure there were no mistakes who are searching for a B&B, with over 3 million B&B rooms and apartments in
which would spoil the professional image they wanted to more than 225 countries. The portal is in English, Dutch, Italian, French, German
convey. With a user-friendly and well-designed website in and Spanish and has top positions in search engines such as Google. The team
multiple languages, Hanny was ready to promote the continues to build on the portal’s substantial brand awareness by using content
business. She now needed to get the owners of B&Bs to advertise their properties on the portal and to make it marketing – having relevant content on their website, blog, email newsletters and
known to holidaymakers and travellers across Europe. social media – to increase its importance and reputation online.

94 TOURISM CASE STUDY Promoting a web business | TOURISM CASE STUDY 95

Map your knowledge

REVIEW
Le prime due sezioni si chiudono con delle mappe concettuali che riassumono i
SECTION A Map your knowledge
Go to the FLIP BOOK
and explore the maps. TOURISM
concetti e le parole chiave per ogni unità. Maggiormente sviluppate all’interno del
FLIP BOOK e accompagnate da audio e riassunti per il ripasso dei concetti principali,
INDUSTRY

WHAT IS TOURISM GROWTH IMPACT OF TOURISM ORGANISATIONS

domestic,
international
motivation
(leisure,
investments
in increased
more leisure
time and
TV and
other ICT economic social and
promotion
(tourist
sales (tour
operators,
le mappe sono un ottimo supporto didattico per:
• visualizzare la natura dei concetti;
(inbound, business, infrastructure competition disposabale media environmental boards and travel
outbound) visiting and facilities income organisations) agents)
friends and
relatives)

MARKETING

TARGET MARKET MARKETING MIX SWOT ANALYSIS DESTINATION LIFE CYCLE MARKET RESEARCH
• esplicitare le relazioni tra essi;
motivation,
demographic,
geographic,
product/service,
place, price,
promotion,
strengths,
weaknesses,
opportunities,
exploration, involvement,
development,
consolidation, stagnation,
primary
data
secondary
data
presentation
of data
• far emergere la struttura ideativa di una sezione;
• rappresentare graficamente le conoscenze;
psychographic people threats decline/rejuvenation

B2B PROMOTION B2C

ADVERTISING SPONSORSHIP FAIRS and EXHIBITIONS SALES PROMOTIONS POINT-OF-SALE MATERIAL

• mettere a fuoco le idee chiave su cui ci si deve concentrare per svolgere un
print broadcast outdoor digital events sport
teams
trade, press,
general
public
vouchers,
coupons,
loyalty
incentives
brochures,
leaflets
determinato compito.
WORKING
customer-facing roles IN TOURISM behind-the-scenes roles

JOBS

tourist digital
information travel flight on a cruise event
guide centre agent in a hotel in a resort attendant ship marketing planner
assistant assistant

96 R E V I E W S E C T I O N A | Map your knowledge

Descrizione delle unità — Units 7-9

Il percorso didattico delle unità 7-9 è così articolato:

Overview
Questa sezione è dedicata all’esplorazione dei paesi
Rome THE PANTHEON

Italia, Isole Britanniche e Stati Uniti: la geografia, l’assetto

READY TO GO Go to the FLIP BOOK and explore the map. The most complete Roman structure in the city, the Pantheon was
commissioned by Marcus Agrippa in 27 BC, then rebuilt by Hadrian and completed in around
1 How well do you know Rome wasn’t built in a day, as the adage 125 AD. It was a temple dedicated to the classical gods which was then consecrated as a
Rome? What are your goes, and you certainly can’t expect to church in 608. It contains the tombs of two Kings of Italy and of the artist Raphael, but it is the
favourite parts? Read visit the city in a day either. Ancient stories architectural achievement of the immense concrete dome which is most amazing and has all
the introduction: are

istituzionale, la storia, le principali attrazioni turistiche e una

of Roman soldiers, emperors and citizens visitors staring upwards. The diameter is equal to its height, and the oculus – the hole in the
any of the places you will be revealed by the Colosseum and
know mentioned?
ceiling – is 9 metres wide and the only source of light. Despite what many believe, it does let
Forum; layers of Renaissance intrigue and the rain in: if you look closely, you can see the drainage holes in the marble floor.
art are waiting to be discovered; the rivalry
between Bernini and Borromini and the

pratica guida di viaggio (Survival Guide). Queste pagine

treasure troves tesori
beauty of the Baroque will be disclosed.
PIAZZA NAVONA AND AROUND
PIAZZA DI SPAGNA
meander serpeggiare
in awe sbigottiti Admire the treasure troves of great art in Which British
lavish sontuoso the city’s churches, museums and streets; The name of the square and the steps leading down into Romantic poets are
has withstood ha resistito a
watch the Tiber meander its way through it derive from the fact that it is the location of the associated with the
area around Piazza di

si strutturano con le stesse tipologie di attività e box della

the city; avoid the hundreds of mopeds 17th-century Spanish Embassy. In the centre of the square is Spagna? Why?
The Aventine Hill is one of
whizzing around. Stand in awe in front of the immensity and majesty of St Peter’s Square; the boat-shaped Fontana Barcaccia, created by Gian Lorenzo
the seven hills of Rome. take part in the evening passeggiata along the cobbled streets of Trastevere; mix with Bernini’s father. Like a waterfall, the Spanish Steps curve
What are the other six? groups of young people gathering in Piazza Campo de’ Fiori until the early hours of a down into the square from the 16th-century church Trinità
summer morning. Climb the Spanish Steps; see the view from the Janiculum Hill on one dei Monti at the top. The area around Piazza di Spagna was INSIDER TOP TIP

sezione Tourism in THEORY, a cui si aggiungono:

side of the River Tiber, or from the Aventine Hill on the other and, lastly, throw a coin in historically the artistic quarter of the city, attracting the Grand Make use of the good public
INSIDER TOP TIP the Trevi Fountain to ensure your return to the eternal city. Tourists in the 18th and 19th centuries. transport system of buses,
For an unusual and Leading away from the square, Via Condotti, full of trams and metro in Rome.
semi-secret view of the dome designer shops, takes you to Via del Corso, a long straight A basic ticket is currently
of St Peter’s if you happen
to be on the Aventine Hill,
THE ANCIENT CITY The area stretching south
The Roman Forum
Rome’s most famous and road lined with a mix of boutiques and chain stores. Via del
€1.50 and is valid for 100
minutes: alternatively you
head for Piazza dei Cavalieri popular square, Piazza Navona Corso leads straight from the iconic Piazza del Popolo at can buy a 24-hour or
from the Capitoline Hill is where the main concentration
di Malta and look through the used to be the Stadium of one end to the Vittoriano (the spectacular Vittorio Emanuele 48-hour ticket. Hop-on
of remains from the Roman era can be found. The Roman
brass keyhole! Monument erected to commemorate Italian Unification) at hop-off buses operate too
Forum, the centre of Ancient Rome’s politics, economy and Domitian, where sporting events and they are perfect for
were held in the 1st century AD. the other.

• il box Insider Top Tip con utili consigli di viaggio;

religion, is an immense and impressive group of ruins of those with limited time
temples, basilicas and public squares. It is possible to see It got its current look in the or those who are worried
DID YOU KNOW? the Via Sacra, along which emperors travelled to reach the mid-17th century thanks to Pope about navigating the city by
Rome has its own 36 Innocent X. He had Borromini themselves.
Temple of Juno on top of the Capitoline Hill; the Arch of
metre high Egyptian-style Septimus Severus constructed in the early 3rd century AD; design the façade of the church
pyramid. Next to Porta

• rimandi alle mappe interattive presenti all’interno del

the Corinthian columns of the Temple of Castor and Pollux; of Sant’Agnese in Agone, while
San Paolo in the Ostiense
district, it is the tomb of the Curia where the Senate met, and many other ruins. At the nearby Imperial Forums, the largest forum is Bernini created the Fontana dei
Caius Cestius who died in 12 the Forum of Trajan which incorporates the crescent of shops and arcades known as Trajan’s Markets. Rising Quattro Fiumi. This fountain,
BC. Today it is also one of above the Roman Forum is the Palatine Hill, where the city of Rome was supposedly founded. It was the city’s one of three in the square,
the favourite haunts of the most exclusive neighbourhood and the various emperors built lavish palaces and residences here. represents the four great rivers
city’s infamous stray cats!

FLIP BOOK, dove è possibile trovare notizie aggiuntive,

of the world (as known at that
The Colosseum, perhaps the most iconic site in Rome, has withstood over 2,000 years of wars, fires, time) and is topped with an
earthquakes and pollution since construction first began in 72 AD, by order of the Egyptian obelisk.
The Colosseum Emperor Vespasian. The Flavian Amphitheatre, its original name, had three levels with
room for 50,000 spectators, seated according to their importance with the emperors Fontana Barcaccia, the Spanish Steps, Trinità dei Monti

photo galleries e video extra sulle principali attrazioni

and rich private citizens in the best seats. Below the arena, under a wooden floor, CLIL – Architecture, page 342
there were the underground chambers and passageways where the wild animals and
gladiators were held, ready for the bloody battles. Reading comprehension
There are numerous catacombs hidden beneath the city of Rome, but the most famous 2 Read the texts on pages 222 and 223 and write notes about each of the following:
and well-preserved are those that can be reached along the Via Appia Antica, the • Roman monuments • fountains • churches

turistiche menzionate all’interno del testo.

consular road that led down to Brindisi. These underground passages were used as • Roman ruins • artists and architects • shopping
burial sites by both pagans and Christians. Many popes were buried in the Catacombs
of San Callisto, founded in the 2nd century; the Catacombs of San Sebastiano, Internet research & Speaking
under the Basilica of the same name, were the temporary burial places of the apostles 3 Choose one of the places on these two pages that particularly interests you. Do some research online and
Peter and Paul, and there are also three pagan tombs with wall paintings. prepare a short oral presentation to give to the rest of the class.

222 UN I T 7 | HIGHLIGHTS CLIL – Architecture, pages 330-331 Explore Italy | U N I T 7 223

12 IN TRO DUZI ON E
Itineraries
Itinerary 3 – A personalised fly-drive holiday in Sicily Reading comprehension
Qui vengono fornite numerose proposte di itinerari e attività

AC T I V I T I ES
che guidano gradualmente gli studenti a sviluppare dei
1 A UK travel agent has prepared an itinerary for a holiday in Sicily for some clients. Read the itinerary on
page 234 and the memo below which lists the clients’ requests. Analyse the itinerary and write notes
Arrival/Car rental pick-up: Palermo Airport saying which parts correspond to the clients’ wishes. Are there any details that have not been covered?
Is there too much/too little of anything?
Stop 1 Cefalù (104km)

progetti turistici in modo autonomo, come richiesto dalla

Start your holiday with a couple
of days on the beach at Cefalù. The itinerary doesn’t specify how
many days to stay in each place.
Mediterranean
A popular tourist resort, the town H O L I D AY S
has a long sandy beach and plenty
65 ROYAL PARADE, BRIGHTON
of activities and sports on offer. Kevin and Sally Webster – Sicily
Cefalù itself is lovely to walk
around, with a large selection
of restaurants, cafés and shops.
Within easy reach there are many
•
•
•
•
Two weeks in June
Car rental
Plenty of beaches and relaxation
Not too many archaeological sites
The itinerary gives the pick-up and
drop-off points for the rental car. seconda prova dell’Esame di Stato. Tale lavoro di sviluppo
delle competenze professionali è coadiuvato in queste
less crowded beaches in little bays
• Not too much driving every day
and rocky coves.
• Enjoy exploring towns
Stop 2 Taormina (215km)
Your next stop, Taormina, is a great base for a couple of days. The picturesque

pagine dalla presenza di consigli pratici per la creazione di

town, with incredible views, has some valuable historical buildings and the world- HINTS & TIPS PASSEPARTOUT
renowned Greek theatre. For day trips, there is the volcano, Mount Etna, for a Personalised fly-drive tours DESCRIBING A DRIVING TOUR
unique experience. The Cyclops Riviera, with pretty coastal towns and beautiful • If you need to prepare a personalised fly-drive tour for a • Take a leisurely drive along the back roads to…
rocky beaches, is worth exploring too. Catania, Sicily’s second largest city, has client or group, it is important to fully understand their needs, • After a long day’s driving yesterday, take it easy today with…
some interesting Baroque architecture and lively markets and shopping. interests and expectations. • You can stop off anywhere along the coast road.

itinerari (box HINTS & TIPS) e di una dettagliata fraseologia

• Prepare a day-by-day itinerary, with suggestions of what to • You’re bound to come across a little hamlet/beachside
Stop 3 Sampieri (183km) do and see. restaurant.
Noto • Why don’t you take a detour to visit one of the beaches/
• Give some indications of the time needed or the distance for
On the drive down to your next each part of the trip. fishing villages/monuments?
destination, Sampieri, it would be • Provide a map with the names and addresses (or GPS • Leave the car today and stroll around the town on foot.

turistica utile alla loro stesura (box PASSEPARTOUT).

a shame to miss Syracuse. On the Unesco World Heritage List, the Archaeological coordinates) for the accommodation (if requested) and where • Climbing slowly upwards, the scenery begins to change.
Park includes a Greek Theatre, a Roman Amphitheatre, the Latomia del Paradiso and to pick up and drop off the rental car. • Take care on the hairpin bends as you descend the
• Extras could be notes on any particular regulations for driving mountain.
the Ear of Dionysius. The historic centre of Syracuse on the offshore island is an • The city centre is closed to traffic at certain times.
in the country such as speed limits and parking fines.
intriguing mix of Greek, Roman, medieval and Baroque buildings.
Sampieri and the other coastal villages nearby are unspoilt and are perfect for ALTERNANZA
SCUOLA-LAVORO
relaxing on the wide sandy beaches. The wonderful Baroque towns of Noto, Modica Writing – PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCES
and Ragusa make a ideal destination if you fancy a day away from the beach.
2 You work for Mediterranean Holidays. Write an email to your clients, Kevin and Sally Webster, to
The Valley of the Temples Stop 4 Licata (106km) accompany the proposed itinerary on page 234. In the email, you should give a few of the highlights,
mention the reasons why you chose certain places and why you think they are suitable.
You can choose which beach to go to around Licata depending on your mood: a
Close the email by asking for their feedback so you can finalise the details as soon as possible.
beach protected from the wind by rocky promontories, a busy beach full of life and
facilities or a beach with great snorkelling opportunities. A visit to the Valley of the 3 You have to prepare an itinerary for some other clients, also interested in a fly-drive holiday.
Temples in Agrigento is a must. Study their requirements and then plan a suitable holiday for them in a different part of Italy.
Stop 5 San Vito lo Capo (227km)
Despite the long drive, your final Mediterranean
stop is undoubtedly worth the H O L I D AY S
effort. The beautiful surroundings
65 ROYAL PARADE, BRIGHTON
of San Vito lo Capo are the
Group of four friends, age about 20
perfect place for the last few days of your tour of Sicily. The beaches with pristine
white sands and crystal clear waters have an almost tropical feel, and there are • Ten days at the end of July, with a rental car
superb sunsets. • Beach holiday with lots of activities like snorkelling and sailing, and vibrant nightlife
• Maximum two or three destinations to limit the amount of long-distance driving
Departure/Car rental drop-off: Palermo Airport (105km) • Accommodation close to the beach

234 U NI T 7 | ITINERARIES CLIL – Architecture, pages 328-329 Explore Italy | U NIT 7 235

Creating your itinerary

UNIT
Dopo aver approfondito le caratteristiche e le peculiarità
8 Creating your itinerary
4 An Italian amateur sports association is going to Sheffield
to take part in a two-day event in April next year. The
accommodation and transport for this part have already
been organised, but they have asked you to plan a short
di ciascun paese nella sezione Overview e esercitato le
competenze professionali in quella Itineraries, gli studenti
holiday after the event for a further three days. There will
be approximately 18 people, including adults and teenagers,
Guided itinerary and their flight will leave from Manchester in the late
afternoon. In your proposal, you should include:
1 You work for a company which specialises in sport and activity holidays in the UK and you wish to
• the itinerary with a description of the places;

potranno mettere in pratica attivamente le loro conoscenze

promote a new holiday for young people, where they can try new and exciting activities in beautiful
surroundings. Decide the location for this holiday and prepare a promotional page for your website. • an indication of the distance/time;
The holiday should be for five days and the web page should include: • the method of transport;
• the accommodation and, if necessary, any indications for
• a short description of the area; • the activities included (and any optional activities);
eating out; The Peak District National Park near Sheffield
• travel arrangements to/from the location; • the cost, any special offers or reductions.
• any tips for clothes or things to bring;

e competenze nelle attività proposte in questa doppia.

• the type of accommodation;
• the cost and what it includes.
What to think about
• Look at the information about the UK in this unit and choose an area 5 A language school in Eastbourne, on the south coast of
where it is possible to do a lot of outside sports and activities (for England, would like to offer other day trips to its foreign
example, a National Park in Wales). Look it up on the Internet or in a students, apart from those they already organise to London.
guidebook. Find a suitable destination and prepare an itinerary. Then
• Which is the nearest town or city? Is there an airport for international write a circular letter to inform the school’s clients about
travellers? What is the best way to get to the location? this addition to the programme. Your letter should include:
• What kind of accommodation is likely to be in the area? And what • the method of transport, times and costs;
would suit groups of young people? What about food? • outline of the itinerary;
• What activities would interest young people? Think about different age groups and abilities. • a short description of the place(s), saying why
• What could be an extra activity that is not sport-based? (for example, a day trip) they are interesting for students.
• The price has to be profitable for your company, but affordable for young people and their families.
What kind of special offer could you have? (for example, early-bird discount, group bookings)
6 Prepare a week’s holiday for a family from Rome (two adults, a ten-year old and a teenager) in the British
Isles for next June. They do not want to stay in just one place and are happy to rent a car for part of the
2 You work for an independent travel agency in Italy and your clients, a couple in their fifties, have holiday, although they would prefer not to spend too much time travelling. Provide them with indications
requested an itinerary for a seven-day holiday in England and Scotland during May. They arrive at Leeds of flights, itinerary, accommodation and cost.
Airport and leave from Edinburgh, and will rent a car. They are particularly interested in history and
heritage. Look at a map and various websites or guidebooks and decide which places to include in the 7 Look at a map of the British Isles and see which places could be visited in a day by coach from the capital
itinerary and the best route. Give an indication of driving time/distance, as well as details of the main cities of England, Wales, Scotland, Northern Ireland and Ireland. Choose one of the capitals and plan a
attractions in each place. Here are some ideas for locations to help your search: one-day guided coach tour departing from and arriving back in that city. Follow these steps:
• York • Yorkshire Dales • Durham • Alnwick • select which destinations/attractions to visit in order to appeal to students and young adults on a budget;
• Castle Howard National Park • Newcastle • Bamburgh • plan the itinerary, giving a brief description of the tour and the places included;
• North York Moors • Fountains Abbey • Beamish • Holy Island • add practical details such as transport, departure and arrival times and the cost.
National Park • Whitby • Hadrian’s Wall • Border Abbeys
8 You are in charge of updating the website for the Lake District tourist board. Choose a town or area
3 You work for a company and write a description aimed at people interested in nature and local traditions. You can provide some
which organises walking history, suggestions of places to visit and explore, details of local wildlife, places to stay, eat and drink.
tours of London. Plan a
new tour called ‘Royal
London’ and prepare the
itinerary, using this map
to help you. Prepare a
leaflet to promote the
tour, not forgetting to
include departure and
arrival points/times,
prices and any other
useful information.
Scafell Pike Derwent Water Bowness-on-Windermere

274 UN I T 8 | Creating your itinerary Explore the British Isles | U N I T 8 275

Professional competences
Si tratta di due doppie pagine che focalizzano l’attenzione
How to present a theme park Amusement parks
Watch
1 Watch the video of a travel agent talking about
Universal Orlando Resort, Florida, and complete the
RIDES AND ATTRACTIONS su alcune competenze professionali specifiche, all’interno
di un contesto lavorativo autentico simulato, e sono così
sentences.
1 As well as a theme park, Universal Studios is a working
_______________.
2 There are _______________ rides like Despicable Me

organizzate:
Minion Mayhem as well as real, physical rollercoasters.
3 One of the newest attractions is the Wizarding World big wheel/ferris wheel bumper cars/dodgems drop tower haunted house
of Harry Potter and the Hogwarts Express which
_______________ the two theme parks.
4 It is helpful to download the resort’s app to see show
times and _______________ for the rides.
www.universalorlando.com/web/en/us/index.html
5 With an on-site hotel and park entry package you have
many benefits, such as ____________ to the park.

PASSEPARTOUT

• Watch: un video di apertura, con esercizio di

house of mirrors rollercoaster swing ride monorail
PRESENTING A THEME PARK
Giving practical information Describing the park's characteristics
• The park is located about 1 hour by car from the airport/the city. • The park offers something for everyone, with rollercoasters, water
• You can reach the parks on foot or by shuttle bus. rides and carousels.

comprensione, fornisce un esempio pratico della

• There are various tickets for multiple-entry to one or more parks. • Rides which are suitable for wheelchair users are clearly indicated.
• You can save time and avoid the queues with an express ticket. • The park is divided into six lands or areas, each with a different theme.
• Opening times vary during the year, but are usually from 8 a.m. • This area of the park is ideal for young children.
to midnight. • Be prepared to get wet/to scream with this state-of-the-art ride.
• There are height or age restrictions on some of the rides. • There is the opportunity for children to meet their favourite castle 3D cinema show parade
• With the app, you can see the waiting times for each ride. cartoon characters around the park.

competenza professionale in questione;

• The parade/The firework display is probably the highlight of the
Saying where to stay/eat
day for younger visitors.
• With an on-site hotel you are in the heart of the excitement.
• All generations will be amazed by the entertainment/the shows/
• Accommodation packages include entry to all the parks, plus
the live music.
other benefits.
• Last year they introduced two new rides/attractions and updated

• Practise: un box di fraseologia (box PASSPARTOUT),

• You can choose from over 30 different restaurants for your
the dining facilities.
meals.

Practise children’s rides merry-go-round/carousel cup and saucer ride inflatables

2 Complete this description of Disneyland, California, using some of the expressions in the box above.

The original Disneyland (1) ____________ about 45 minutes by car from

downtown LA. It first opened in 1955 and today it (2) ____________ eight
areas, each with a different theme, with rollercoasters, water rides, a haunted
seguito da un esercizio pratico, presenta le più
importanti espressioni per la comunicazione scritta e
house and many other attractions. There are (3) ____________ on some of the
rides, but you will still find plenty for children to do, such as the live shows or
(4) ____________ their favourite Disney characters. Staying in a Disneyland log flume water raft ride water slide wave pool
(5) ____________ will give you entry to the park, just a short walk away,
(6) ____________ such as advance entrance and discounts on merchandise. Types of parks Facilities queue coda

orale, utili anche ad affrontare l’esperienza

amusement park parco divertimenti baby changing fasciatoio fast track ticket biglietto saltafila
aquarium acquario cash machine bancomat wait-time app applicazione per i
Do funfair luna park entrance gate/exit cancello d'ingresso/uscita tempi d’attesa
safari park parco safari/zoosafari first-aid point punto di primo soccorso
3 You are a travel agent with a customer interested in a family holiday at a theme park. Choose a theme park theme park parco a tema gift shop negozio di articoli da regalo

dell’Alternanza Scuola-Lavoro;
of your choice in Italy or the USA, and use the Internet to find out about it. Prepare a short talk to give to water park parco acquatico information/guest services point punto informazioni
the rest of the class, including details about how to get there, what to do and see and where to stay. zoo zoo lockers armadietti
lost property oggetti smarriti
314 U NI T 9 | Professional competences Explore the USA | UNI T 9 315

• Do: un’attività di produzione permette agli studenti di

mettere in pratica quanto appreso;
• una pagina di tavole illustrate aiuta ad apprendere e
memorizzare il lessico specifico.

I N TR O D U Z I O N E 13
 Test your knowledge and skills
UNIT Due pagine a chiusura sia delle prime sei unità che delle
5
Listening & Phraseology

Test your knowledge and skills

3 1.37 You will hear a conversation between a passenger and a check-in assistant. Listen to the first part of
the conversation and complete the check-in assistant’s questions.
1
2
‘_________________ alone today?’ ‘Yes, I am.’
‘_________________ your bags yourself?’ ‘Yes, I did.’
ultime tre così strutturate:
3 ‘_________________ to take any items on to the plane for them?’ ‘No, they haven’t.’

Really Slow Travel

4 ‘_________________ any dangerous or restricted items in your luggage?’ ‘No, I don’t.’
smartphone won’t always work, especially
5 ‘_________________ a window or an aisle seat?’ ‘A window seat, please.’
in the countryside. Take a small day bag or
Why we should walk more rucksack with you so you can carry water, 4

• Reading comprehension: un articolo autentico su una

1.38 Listen to the second part of the conversation and complete the passenger’s boarding pass.
money and other essentials like a
There are many reasons to explore a
waterproof coat, suncream and sunglasses.
tourist destination on foot rather than by
Visit the local tourist information office and
any other means of transport. For a start,
ask for the best paths to follow and for
you see more and certainly get a better
approximate indications of terrain and

tematica collegata al contenuto dell’unità e un’attività

MR A COLLINS __________
feel for a place by walking around it.
distances. Be sure to plan plenty of __________
A good tip is to pick a few places you’d
refuelling and comfort breaks along your NEW YORK JFK AIRPORT (1) ___________
really like to visit and that are within __________
route: places you can freshen up, eat and
walking distance of each other. Take your (2) ______________ 4 June (3) ___________
drink or just rest for a bit. ______ ______ ______
time to stroll along the streets that join This is even more important if you are

di comprensione;
For safety reasons it’s usually better not to ______ ______ ______
them – you’ll discover everyday aspects of visiting somewhere with a language or AA6229 11A (4) ___________ (5) ___________
walk around alone. But don’t worry if you
life in your destination and get a good script you can’t understand, as concrete
are a single traveller, there are many meet- Writing
balance between tourist attractions and landmarks become vital to orienteer by.
up websites nowadays where you can find
real living. It’s also a great way to find the If you’re walking, you won’t miss things. 5 Write a descriptive text for the website of a private company in the transport sector, for example a car or

• Tourism theory: due domande per testare l’acquisizione

like-minded travellers or locals who would
best restaurants and shops because you’ll You’ll have time to capture the people and coach rental company or one organising boat trips. Your description should include information on:
love to show you around. Alternatively you
be able to see where the locals go. places that truly constitute memory- • the history of the company • the staff and quality of services
can join an organised walking tour or, if
Then of course walking is good for you: the making photos, rather than just the • its location • the destinations and/or facilities
you’re feeling very energetic, an organised
release of ‘exercise-fuelled endorphins’ identical tourist snaps everybody brings
sightrunning tour!
makes you feel happy so you don’t come back from their holidays to bore their

delle nozioni teoriche;

back from holiday feeling more stressed friends and families with. Video role play & Speaking
Walking shouldn’t just be reserved for Walking along Hadrian’s Wall. 6
than when you went. If you get tired, you Watch this video of a conversation between a travel agent and a customer purchasing a rail ticket.
can always take a rest and do some cities: with a little forward planning it can Read the prompts on the screen and take the role of the travel agent.
people-watching in a local square or park. also be the best way to visit the countryside.

• Listening & Phraseology: una o due attività per testare

It might sound strange, but you’re actually But if you are planning to walk, prepare
less likely to get lost if you explore a well before you start.
location on foot. Underground trains, Good walking shoes are vital, as you will
buses, trams and taxis are disorientating probably spend a lot of hours on your feet.
and only leave you with a partial For many destinations it is still best to buy
understanding of the layout of a place.

Reading comprehension
a local map as the satnav apps on your
le abilità di ricezione orale e la comprensione delle
principali strutture comunicative;
1 ES Read the article and answer these questions.
1 What advice does the writer give on how to visit 4 What happens to your sense of direction when you
a tourist destination on foot? use public transport to get around a place?
2 What insight can you gain from locals if you 5 How does the writer advise us to prepare before we
7

• Writing: un’attività di produzione scritta;

explore a place on foot? start walking? Now watch the full version of the video and compare your answers.
3 Why does walking make you feel good? 6 What does the writer suggest single travellers
should do in order to find walking companions? 8 In pairs, role play a similar conversation between a travel agent and a customer who wants to book tickets
on a coach, a water bus or a ferry. Remember to swap roles. Ask and answer about:
Tourism theory
• the destination • seating preferences
2

• Video role play & Speaking: partendo da un video che

Write two short paragraphs to explain: • the date of travel • costs and discounts
1 the different stages of travelling by plane; • the number of passengers • departure and arrival times
2 the advantages and disadvantages of the main transport booking methods. • the type of ticket(s)

164 U N I T 5 | Test your knowledge and skills Transport | UNIT 5 165

simula una situazione professionale reale, verrà richiesto

agli studenti di interagire dapprima seguendo i prompts
forniti dal video e poi a coppie in attività guidate di
role play.

ESW (English-Speaking World)

Otto pagine approfondiscono attraverso la presentazione
ESW Canada ITINERARIES
Day 4 The morning will be spent with
our expert guide exploring
Jasper National Park.
The largest national park in
Day 6 A half-day tour of Banff,
including the Banff Sightseeing
Gondola at Sulphur Mountain to
take in the views from 7,486 feet,
di itinerari alcune delle più importanti località turistiche dei
A rail and coach trip across the Canadian Rockies
paesi di lingua anglofona al di fuori del Regno Unito e degli
the Canadian Rockies, it is a a trip to Lake Minnewanka
mountain wilderness where you and to Surprise Corner, a
could be lucky enough to spot picture-perfect viewpoint.

WESTERN ADVENTURE TOURS grizzly bears, moose, caribou

and wolves. Choose one of our
In the afternoon, discover more
of the natural beauty of the area,

USA: Canada, Sud Africa, India, Australia.

optional hiking tours for the relax in the hot springs or take
Day 1 afternoon or explore on your our optional panoramic
Spend the day exploring
Experience the spectacular scenery of the West! own, perhaps on horseback. helicopter tour.
Vancouver, where you can see
This escorted tour takes you from Vancouver either the Pacific Ocean or the
Overnight in Jasper. Overnight in Calgary.
through the stunning natural beauty of the Coast Mountains from just about
Canadian Rockies to Calgary. everywhere in the city. Cycle along Day 5 Today we change form Day 7 The tour ends with a free day
of transport and take a to visit Calgary, a city of
the seawall, relax on the beach, visit
Vancouver – Kamloops – Jasper the Museum of Anthropology to
comfortable coach to travel sport, culture, good food and
Lake Louise – Banff – Calgary learn about the First Nations peoples
along the Icefields Parkway
towards Lake Louise. Along
nightlife. Your first stop is likely
to be the 190 meter Calgary

Queste pagine si strutturano con caratteristiche simili a

Includes:
or wander around downtown, with
the way, we stop for an Tower for its 360° view of
• 6 nights hotel • All hotel/station transfers wonderful food and art stalls.
exhilarating ride across the the city.
accommodation with and luggage handling Overnight in Vancouver.
breakfast • National parks entrance glacier on all-terrain vehicle. Head downtown to Stephen
• 2 days train travel with fees, guided tours and Our guide will explain the Avenue Walk for unique
lunch onboard excursions Day 2 Leave early in the morning formation of the glacier and its shopping or to Fort Calgary and

quelle della sezione Itineraries presente all’interno delle

• 5 days coach travel for the scenic train journey to interesting geological features. the Heritage Park Historical
Packages start from CAN $3,400 Kamloops. From the panoramic In the afternoon, we head for Village to learn about the history
upper level of the train, admire the natural wonders of Yoho of the city.
the landscape as it changes from National Park, including
green fields to winding rivers and Emerald Lake and the Natural
canyons, forests and peaks. Lunch
on board.
Overnight in Kamloops.
Bridge over Kicking Horse River.
Overnight in Lake Louise.
unità 7-9.
Day 3 Continue your adventure as the
train heads north east into the Speaking – PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCES
ACTIVITIES

Canadian Rockies. Admire

Mount Robson, the highest 2 Act out this phone conversation in pairs. Remember to swap roles.
peak in the Canadian Rockies,
TRAVEL AGENT TOUR OPERATOR
and Pyramid Falls. The climb over
Yellowhead Pass takes us into You work for a travel agency in Italy and you have You work for Western Adventure Tours and
Jasper National Park, a UNESCO two clients interested in a holiday in Canada. Phone receive a phone call from an Italian travel
World Heritage Site. Lunch onboard. Western Adventure Tours to ask for some details agent. Use the above details, and your own
Overnight in Jasper. of their escorted tour, the availability for May and ideas, to answer his/her questions and promote
prices. the tour.

Reading comprehension Internet research & Writing – PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCES

3 Your clients would like to book this tour of the Canadian Rockies but want to spend two days in Vancouver
1 Read the itinerary on pages 318 and 319 and answer these questions.
at the start of the tour and two days in Calgary at the end of the tour. They have asked you to prepare a
1 Which part of Canada does the tour take place in? 5 Are all the tours or excursions mentioned in sightseeing itinerary for these days in the two cities. Their requests are for some sport activities, some
2 What are the means of transport? the text included in the price? cultural or historical places to visit, but also plenty of time to get a feeling for the way of life. Go online to
3 Which two big cities can you see on the tour and 6 What kind of tourist do you think would be research the two cities and prepare your itineraries.
how much time is included in each place? interested in this tour? Why?
4 What is the landscape like during the train journeys? www.tourismvancouver.com/
www.visitcalgary.com/

318 UNIT 8 | ITINERARIES Canada | ESW 319

CLIL
A chiusura del volume, viene proposta un’ampia sezione
Reading comprehension
dedicata all’approfondimento e allo sviluppo delle
ACTIVITIES

CLIL Architecture 2 Read the text on page 326 and complete these sentences with the missing numbers.
1
2
Stonehenge was completed ________ years ago.
Archaeologists believe that the monument was constructed during ________ main periods.

competenze trasversali: arte (architettura, pittura e scultura)

3 Stonehenge I was built over ________ years ago.
READY TO GO 4 Stonehenge I was used for ________ years and was then abandoned.
5 Stonehenge II was rebuilt in about ________ BC.
1 What do you know 6 Sandstone blocks weigh up to ________ tons.
about Stonehenge?
Which sentences 3

e diritto.
Now answer these questions.
are true?
1 What is a monolith?
1 It is a
2 What happened during the Stonehenge II period?
prehistoric
3 Where did the volcanic stones used during the Stonehenge II period come from?
monument.
4 What is special about the entrance?
2 It is situated
5 When was the site abandoned?
in Scotland.
6 Give two reasons why archaeologists believe Stonehenge was built.
3 It is made
of stone.
4 It has a
Vocabulary

Nella sezione Architecture un rapido excursus cronologico

square shape. 4 Write the words in the box next to the correct definitions.

archaeologist − sandstone − horseshoe − concentric − lintel

Neolithic Neolitico (circa
10.000 anni fa)
Prehistoric architecture 1 a piece of stone or wood over a door or window supporting the frame __________________

illustra brevemente le tappe fondamentali della storia

upright verticali During the Neolithic period there was a new type of art called Megalithic architecture. 2 something which has the shape of a U __________________
trilithons triliti This type of architecture gets its name from the huge rocks which were placed singularly, 3 circles or rings with the same centre __________________
chieftains capi tribù 4 a scientist who studies the history and culture of ancient societies and examines
or on top of each other, without the use of cement. The single upright stones are called
monoliths. Although they are imposing for the size of the stones, only the simplest of tools their remains __________________
were needed for such constructions. 5 a type of soft rock containing a lot of sand, often used in buildings __________________

dell’architettura occidentale, dai tempi preistorici fino

A megalith is a large
stone used to build a Stonehenge is perhaps the most famous megalithic structure. This prehistoric stone
structure or monument. Speaking
The word comes from
monument is located in England, near the city of Salisbury. It consists of a circular pattern Avebury Stone Circle
of standing stones. What we see today is the final stage that was completed 3,500 years ago. 5 Work in pairs. Speak in turns, giving your personal
the Ancient Greek
opinion about Stonehenge and the reason why it
language, with megas However, archaeologists believe that there were three main stages of construction.

all’inizio del Novecento, con un occhio rivolto in particolare

meaning ‘great’ and was built.
lithos meaning ‘stone’. • Stonehenge I was built over 5,000 years ago. It was used for 500 years and was then
abandoned. Internet research & Writing
• The structure was completely rebuilt in the second stage, known as Stonehenge II,
6 Look at the pictures of some other interesting
in about 2100 BC. The new concentric circles were built in the centre of the ceremonial

al mondo anglosassone. I testi di questa sezione,

LOOK CLOSER prehistoric sites in the British Isles. Choose one
area using volcanic stones which came from Wales. It had a horseshoe shape and the and do some research on the Internet. Then write
There are three types of
megalith: the menhir is
entrance was aligned with the rising sun at the summer solstice. a short paragraph (about 100 words) summarising
the simplest Megalithic • Stonehenge III was the stage between 2000 BC and 1500 BC when the monument was the information you have found.
structure. It is an upright completely modified with the creation of a ring of sandstone units with lintels. Inside the

ampiamente corredati da foto e illustrazioni, presentano le

slab of stone, used as a ring there is a horseshoe structure of five trilithons. The sandstone blocks are up to nine
grave marker; the dolmen
is a burial site which
metres tall and weigh up to 50 tons. The site was abandoned about 3,500 years ago. Silbury Hill West Kennet Long Barrow
consists of ‘posts’ (upright Why was Stonehenge built? There are many different theories about the uses of
standing stones) that
support a horizontal stone
Stonehenge. Most archaeologists think that it was a ceremonial place, maybe an

principali caratteristiche delle diverse correnti artistiche e

called a ‘lintel’; a cromlech astronomical observatory to calculate lunar and solar eclipses and to study the sky, the
is the structure used for stars, the moon and the seasons. Others are convinced that it was a meeting place for tribal
religious rites. Stonehenge chieftains. Some people believe that there must be some other explanation connected
is the most famous
example of a cromlech.
to extra-terrestrial beings or to occultism. There are many legends about this ancient
monument, but one thing is clear – Stonehenge continues to be a very mysterious place.

326 CLIL | ARCHITECTURE Architecture | CLIL 327

architettoniche. In alcuni casi le caratteristiche delle opere
sono approfondite in video contrassegnati da apposita
icona e visionabili all’interno del FLIP BOOK.

14 IN TRO DUZI ON E
 Painting La sezione Painting approfondisce le caratteristiche e
CLIL Painting Romanticism
Romanticism, or the Romantic period, was a peculiarità, i nomi e le opere fondamentali dei principali
movement in art and literature that originated
Renaissance
movimenti artistici nella storia della pittura: il Rinascimento,
READY TO GO in Europe toward the end of the 18th and early
1 Do you enjoy
19th centuries.
The period known as the Renaissance began in
visiting art The movement rejected precepts of order,
Italy in the late 13th and early 14th centuries
galleries? logic and rationality, preferring to place
and continued into the 16th century. The term,
Why?/Why not? emphasis on personal experience, feelings and

il Barocco, il Romanticismo, l’Impressionismo, il Post-

literally meaning ‘rebirth’, describes the revival
emotions, particularly in response to nature.
of interest in the Classical world. In addition
Leonardo da Vinci, to this expression of classical Greco-Roman Friedrich, Wanderer above
The Mona Lisa (1503-1514) tradition, Renaissance artists wanted to capture the Sea of Fog (1818)
the experience of the individual man in society,

Impressionismo, i movimenti di inizio Novecento e la Pop

Constable, The Hay Wain (1821)
the beauty and the mystery of the natural world.
The movement is also characterised by the use of
linear perspective and by huge achievements in The artists emphasised that sense and emotions – not simply reason and
the representation of light. Giotto, Lamentation (1305) order – were equally important for understanding the world. Favourite

Art.
(see CLIL – Architecture, page 341) themes were landscapes with ruins of buildings, shipwrecks and natural
events like storms.
Many Renaissance artists came from Tuscany, for example Giotto (c.1267-1337), who made John Constable (1776-1837) and William Turner (1775-1851) are
great advances in representing the human body realistically. The city of Florence remained the best-known British Romantic artists of the period, whilst Goya
an important centre for this art form throughout the Renaissance, but the movement also (1746-1828) is the epitome of Romanticism in Spain and Caspar David
spread to other parts of Europe, including France, Germany, the Netherlands and Spain. Friedrich (1774-1840) in Germany.
Renaissance art reached its zenith at the beginning of the 16th century during the period
known as the High Renaissance. This was the period of Italian masters such as Leonardo
da Vinci (1452-1519), Michelangelo (1475-1564) and Raphael (1483-1520). Reading comprehension and Speaking

AACCTTI IVVI ITTI IEESS

Leonardo da Vinci’s best-known works include the fresco The Last Supper and, of course, 2 Read the texts on pages 344 and 345 and complete the table. Add the names of other artists from each
The Mona Lisa. period that you know, then compare your ideas with a partner.

Baroque Period Main characteristics Key artists

The Baroque era began in about 1600 in Italy and continued for more than a hundred late 13th century to 16th
RENAISSANCE
years, spreading to other European countries such as Spain, Portugal, Austria and century
southern Germany. Baroque art was exuberant and dramatic, noted for its grandeur,
bold and often colourful details that aimed to surprise and create a sense of awe and - exuberant and dramatic
amazement. (see CLIL – Architecture, page 342) BAROQUE
Baroque murals and paintings are often found in churches and cathedrals in Italy and the
rest of Europe, because the Catholic church
knew that this style of art could support and ROMANTICISM
promote the church, giving an impression of
power.
Caravaggio, Boy with a Basket Notable artists of this movement include
of Fruit (1593-1594)
the Italian-born Caravaggio (1571-1610) Internet research & Writing
who displayed intense realism and used 3 Choose a painting from one of the three art movements above and research it on the Internet.
the technique of chiaroscuro (using violent Then write a description of the painting, including:
contrasts of light and dark) that created a • the artist and year it was painted;
spotlight effect, and Rubens (1577-1640), • a description of what it depicts;
the Flemish artist whose large-scale works of • which art movement it represents and in what way it is characteristic of the movement;
art emphasised movement and colour. • your personal opinion.
Rubens, The Fall of Phaeton (1604) ➔ How to present a painting, page 242

344 CLIL | PAINTING Painting | CLIL 345

Sculpture La sezione Sculpture si focalizza sulle caratteristiche

CLIL Sculpture Baroque
Gian Lorenzo Bernini (1598-1690), the master sculptor of the Baroque period, principali dei movimenti che hanno contrassegnato le
transformed sculpture into theatrical moments, with vivid movements, unstable
Romanesque
tappe fondamentali della storia della scultura: il Romanico, il
READY TO GO poses and undulating lines. He created the illusion of cloth, hair and other textures
1 Do you enjoy
almost as if the stone were alive. The statue of The Ecstasy of Saint Teresa is the
With the construction of so many churches
looking at sculptures perfect example of his passionate and theatrical style.
during this period, portal sculpture
when you visit a Alessandro Algardi (1598-1654) had a more restrained style: he is famous for his
became a frequent feature. Located
museum/art gallery portrait busts and the relief-sculpture of Pope Leo and Attila, with its smooth and

Gotico, il Rinascimento, il Barocco e il Neoclassicismo.

above and around the main entrance to
or do you prefer evenly-worked marble, which can be found in St Peter’s in Rome.
the church, relief sculptures are found Bernini, The Ecstasy of
other forms of art?
mainly on the lintel (the horizontal band
Neoclassicism
Antelami, The Deposition from the Cross (1178) Saint Teresa (1647-1652)
above the door), the tympanum (the semi- Canova, Paolina Borghese Bonaparte
circular area above the lintel) and the archivolts (the semi-circular mouldings above the as Venus Victrix (1804)
LOOK CLOSER tympanum). Sculpture is also found on the capitals of interior and exterior columns and The Neoclassicists, who rejected the excesses of the Baroque and
Sculpture can be classified piers, in friezes and on corbels (see pages 240-245). Portal sculpture was particularly returned to a scientific interest in classical antiquity, are sometimes
as ‘in the round’ and prominent in France with, for example, the church of Saint Pierre in Moissac, but there accused of creating lifeless imitations. However, their desire was to
‘relief’. In the round refers emulate the Classical style, to discover the ideal beauty and to convey
to a separate, detached are also important examples in Italy, such as the sculptures by Benedetto Antelami
(c.1150-c.1230) in the cathedral and baptistery of Parma, and the cathedral of Fidenza. the spirit of the original. Antonio Canova (1757-1822) is one of the
sculpture. Relief is a
sculpture where the scene greatest exponents of Neoclassical sculpture. His work Paolina Borghese
or figures stand out from Bonaparte as Venus Victrix is a perfect example. His subject is naked,
a flat background, often
used for doors and friezes Gothic only covered by a draped cloth, and depicted reclining on a couch: a
contemporary portrait combined with an idealised image of Venus.
(decorated horizontal In Italy, two of the most important 13th-century sculptors were
bands). In low relief (or
bas-relief) the projection Nicola Pisano (c.1220-1278) and his son Giovanni (c.1250-
Reading comprehension
ACTIVITIES

is less marked than in high 1314). Heavily-influenced by classical sculpture, their works
relief, where the figures include a number of pulpits, including one in the baptistery of 2 Read the texts on pages 348 and 349 and answer these questions.
project much further out Pisa and one in the cathedral of Siena. Another Italian sculptor,
from the background. 1 In which parts of a Romanesque church can 5 What similarities were there between Donatello and
coincidentally with the same surname, Andrea Pisano you find relief sculptures? Michelangelo?
(c.1290-1348), is especially well-known for the bronze reliefs 2 What influenced Gothic sculpture? 6 What are the main characteristics of Baroque sculpture?
mouldings mondanature
on one set of the doors of the baptistery in Florence. Made 3 What is Andrea Pisano famous for? 7 How do the works of Bernini and Algardi differ?
during the 1330s, they depict scenes from the life of John the 4 What does contrapposto mean? Why do you 8 What are the main characteristics of Neoclassicist
(fasce sagomate)
quarries cave Baptist and are set in 28 quatrefoils (a four-leafed shape). As think sculptors use this technique? sculpture?
well as church architectural decoration, the Gothic period was
known for its tombs and other monuments. In Italy, the work
Nicola Pisano, Sculpted pulpit, Vocabulary
Baptistery of Pisa (1259-1261)
of Tino di Camaino (c.1280-1337) as a tomb sculptor can be 3 Match the terms to the correct definition.
seen in Naples. In England, one of the best medieval mausoleums is Westminster Abbey 1 frieze a a sculpture showing the head, shoulders and chest of a person
with, for example, the elaborate tomb of Edmund Crouchback, Earl of Lancaster. 2 bas-relief b an ornamental design with four leaves
3 bronze c a type of sculpture using a flat background and slightly raised figures

Renaissance
4 quatrefoil d a hard type of stone used for sculptures
5 marble e a horizontal band which is sculpted or painted
6 bust f a type of metal used for making sculptures
Early Renaissance sculptor Donatello (c.1386-1466) gave his sculptures intense realism
and emotion. His masterpiece is undoubtedly David. The bronze figure of this biblical Internet research & Speaking
character stands in contrapposto, that is the Classical convention of emphasising the 4 Find photos online of the statues of David by Donatello and Bernini. Compare them with the photo of
rotation of the body’s axis by twisting shoulders and hips. Like Michelangelo (1475- Michelangelo’s David on page 348: look at the style, the position of the head and body, and the moment
1564) after him, Donatello shows an incredible knowledge and understanding of the the artists have chosen to portray.
dynamics and proportion of the human figure. Michelangelo’s David also embodies
the ideal of an athletic male nude, but the artist has captured an incredible intensity of 5 Find out more about one of the sculptors mentioned on these pages and prepare a short oral presentation
emotion in his expression, too. For his sculptures, Michelangelo is said to have personally about him and one or two of his principal sculptures. You should include:
selected his blocks of marble from the quarries: he envisaged his figures as already • details about the artist’s life and the artistic movement of the time; • where his sculptures can be seen;
Michelangelo, David (1501-1504) existing inside the marble and only needing to be set free. • a description of his sculptures, any particular features or techniques; • your personal opinion.

348 CLIL | SCULPTURE Sculpture | CLIL 349

Law La sezione Law illustra brevemente l’assetto istituzionale e

CLIL Law The UK Government and Prime Minister
After a general election, it is officially the il sistema elettorale del Regno Unito, la storia e le istituzioni
monarch who appoints the winning party’s
leader as Prime Minister, asking him/her to
The UK political system
europee, l’assetto istituzionale e il sistema elettorale degli
READY TO GO form Her/His Majesty’s Government.
1 Who is the The United Kingdom is a parliamentary democracy with a constitutional
reigning monarch The Prime Minister:
monarch. This means that a king or queen is the Head of State and a prime minister
of the UK? Who • is the head of the UK Government and is
is the Head of the Government. The monarch once had absolute power, but over the

USA. Anche in queste pagine, i testi sono corredati da

is the current ultimately responsible for the policy and
centuries this was reduced to very limited powers and ceremonial duties, such as the
Prime Minister? decisions of the Government;
State Opening of Parliament. The reigning monarch also has to approve all new laws
• oversees the operation of the Civil Service and
(by the so-called Royal Assent), but this is just a formality.
government agencies;
LOOK CLOSER Parliament • appoints members of the Cabinet;

box di apprendimento, oltre ad attività di comprensione e

The Constitution • is the principal government figure in the House The cabinet of Theresa May discussing
The business of the UK Parliament takes place in two Houses: the House of
The United Kingdom does of Commons. Brexit negotiations in 2016
Commons and the House of Lords. Their work is similar: legislation, scrutiny of the
not have a single, written Once a week, the Prime Minister has an audience
constitution. Instead it is
government and debate of current issues. Generally, the decisions made in one House
with the reigning monarch, normally in person
formed by various written have to be approved by the other. In this way the two-chamber system acts as a check

produzione scritta e orale.

but also by telephone if necessary. seats seggi
sources, including statute and balance for both Houses. There is also a national Parliament in Scotland, a
law (laws passed by appoints nomina
national Assembly in Wales and a national Assembly in Northern Ireland. The
parliament), case law (made The Cabinet is the committee at the centre of the British political system and is the
by judges), and international
process of devolution, which happened in 1999, transferred varying levels of power from
supreme decision-making body in government. The Cabinet is formed by the Prime
treaties. There are also some the UK Parliament to these countries, while keeping the authority over the devolved
Minister, Deputy Prime Minister and the heads of departments, called Secretaries of The Secretaries of
unwritten sources, including institutions in the UK Parliament itself. The devolved powers include matters such as State include the
parliamentary conventions State , who are chosen by the Prime Minister. Every Tuesday they meet, together with
education, culture, environment, transport, justice and health. Chancellor of the
and royal prerogatives. some of the other ministers, in the Cabinet room of Number 10 Downing Street to Exchequer (economy
discuss the issues regarding the and finance), the
THE HOUSE OF LORDS government and the country. Home Secretary,
THE HOUSE OF COMMONS Government Cabinets have Secretary of State
The House of Lords is the second chamber of the UK for Foreign and
The Commons is made up of 650 Members of Parliament and it processes and revises legislation (but does actually met in the same room since Commonwealth
Parliament (MPs) who are elected by the public every not veto laws passed by the Commons), acts as a check on 1856. The Prime Minister can Affairs, Secretary of
five years. They represent many different political government and provides a forum of independent expertise. reorganise the roles of Cabinet State for Defence,
Unlike MPs, the numbers of Lords are not fixed (there are
parties, although the majority belong to one of the ministers and the government Secretary of State for
two major parties, Labour or Conservative. Education and others.
currently about 800 members), they are not elected by the to reflect changing priorities and
MPs debate the big political issues of the day and public and they are not paid. In the past, hereditary peers challenges, for example by creating
proposals for new laws. While most laws have to (where the title of Lord was passed onto an heir) were a new department or reallocating
be approved by both houses, the Commons is solely automatically allowed to sit and vote in the House of Lords. responsibilities.
responsible for decisions regarding financial Bills, Now most members are appointed by the monarch on the
such as proposed new taxes. Every Wednesday, MPs recommendation of the Prime Minister or of the House of Lords
from all parties can question the Prime Minister Appointments Commission, an independent, public body. 26
on any subject, although they usually focus on the of the Lords are Church of England archbishops and bishops. www.gov.uk/government/how-government-works
controversial issues of the moment. Some Lords support a particular political party, while many www.number10.gov.uk
others are ‘crossbenchers’, meaning that they are independent.
Reading comprehension
AACCTTI V

LOOK CLOSER 2 Read the texts on pages 350 and 351 and answer these questions.
• When MPs vote in the Commons they say ‘aye’ or ‘no’. In the Lords, 1 What role does the monarch have in the UK 5 What happens every Wednesday in the House of
Members vote saying ‘content’ or ‘not content’. political system? Commons?
I VI T

• MPs are not allowed to speak in the space between two red lines 2 How is the UK Parliament divided? 6 What is the role of the Prime Minister?
running along the length of the Chamber. It has been claimed that 3 What powers do the devolved national 7 Who is a Secretary of State?
I TI E

these lines are traditionally two swords’ lengths apart to prevent parliaments have? 8 What is the role of the cabinet?
MPs duelling.
4 What differences are they in how MPs and Lords
I ESS

become members of the two houses?

www.parliament.uk

350 CLIL | LAW Law | CLIL 351

I N TR O D U Z I O N E 15
 Compiti autentici di realtà
I compiti autentici si fondano sull’impostazione costruttivista secondo cui il soggetto produce la conoscenza
nell’agire riflessivo in situazioni di realtà. I compiti sono problemi complessi, aperti, che gli studenti affrontano
per apprendere a usare nel reale di vita e di studio le conoscenze, le abilità e le capacità personali,
e per dimostrare in tal modo la competenza acquisita.
(Glatthorn, 1999)

Il compito autentico di realtà costituisce una componente essenziale dell’insegnamento per competenze in
quanto offre l’ambiente in cui le competenze chiave possono essere osservate: esse sono definite come la
capacità di usare conoscenze, abilità e capacità personali, sociali e metodologiche, in situazioni di lavoro o di
studio, di sviluppo professionale e personale e vengono descritte in termini di responsabilità e autonomia. In base
ai compiti per i quali sono richieste, possono essere più specificatamente legate a una disciplina o materia di
insegnamento, oppure avere carattere trasversale.

Più in generale possiamo dire che una competenza autentica è la capacità di muoversi in situazioni complesse
e inedite, utilizzando una combinazione nuova di procedure conosciute, impiegando conoscenze e abilità e
combinando in modo originale dimensioni cognitive, motivazionali, socio-affettive.

Il compito di realtà ha delle caratteristiche definite e dovrebbe in primo luogo sollecitare l’interesse degli
studenti e sfidare le loro capacità in contesti reali e significativi, caratterizzati da uno scopo e un destinatario,
che prevedano vari percorsi di soluzione e diano spazio a creatività e originalità. L’autenticità della situazione
mira a superare il divario che esiste tra la realtà scolastica e quella esterna, in un contesto di apprendimento
esperienziale: le attività devono avere rilievo nel mondo reale, riproponendo compiti che ci si trova ad affrontare
in ambito personale o professionale; sono pertanto compiti frequenti, o comunque critici.
Gli studenti si ritrovano a lavorare intorno a un compito condiviso che ha una sua rilevanza, non solo all’interno
dell’attività scolastica, bensì anche fuori di essa: essi saranno stimolati a mettere in moto, a perfezionare e a
coordinare efficacemente conoscenze e abilità, ad arricchire e consolidare valori, atteggiamenti, interessi. In
questo contesto si rendono conto che conoscenze e abilità già apprese o ancora da perfezionare hanno un
ruolo e un significato, possono servire per raggiungere uno scopo più vasto. Il compito è esso stesso un fattore
di motivazione, in quanto ciò che viene appreso in questo contesto diventa immediatamente, agli occhi degli
studenti, strumento per comprendere la realtà e agire su di essa, per raggiungere degli scopi che stanno loro a
cuore anche nella vita extra scolastica.

Da un punto di vista più tecnico è necessario che il compito autentico chieda agli studenti il recupero delle
conoscenze pregresse, stimoli l’impiego di processi cognitivi complessi quali ragionamento, transfer, pensiero
critico, pensiero divergente e incoraggi la ricerca graduale di nuove conoscenze. Deve, in altre parole, riuscire a
mobilitare la capacità di problem solving e di riflessione.

I compiti autentici forniscono l’occasione di collaborare: la collaborazione è integrata nella soluzione del compito
nell’ambiente scolastico così come nella vita reale.
I compiti autentici sono complessi e richiedono tempo e risorse, pertanto possono essere svolti in coppia o in
gruppo e devono mirare alla realizzazione di un prodotto finale, materiale (un opuscolo, brochure, un articolo, un
progetto, un itinerario, ecc.) o immateriale (una presentazione in Power Point, un sito internet, ecc.).

I compiti autentici incoraggiano momenti di riflessione in cui si ha la possibilità di scegliere e di riflettere

sul proprio apprendimento sia individualmente che in gruppo (processo di riflessione, ricostruzione,
autovalutazione) e sono accompagnati prima, durante e dopo il lavoro, dalla redazione di una relazione scritta
(autobiografia cognitiva), che può servire anche ai docenti per la valutazione individuale.

La definizione di un compito di realtà appartiene al Consiglio di Classe e, in sede di progettazione collegiale,

è opportuno indicare anche come ciascuna disciplina intende concorrere al raggiungimento dei risultati di
apprendimento comuni a tutti i percorsi, declinandoli in termini di abilità misurabili.

16 IN TRO DUZI ON E
È necessario inoltre che si determinino sin dall’inizio i criteri per la sua valutazione (come verrà valutato e
che peso avrà nell’economia della valutazione generale). Questo comporta l’elaborazione del progetto sia nel
suo risultato finale o prodotto, sia nel modo di raggiungerlo (processo di produzione) in cui vengono definiti
tempi, luoghi, persone e risorse coinvolti nella realizzazione, nonché il percorso di valutazione continua della
qualità della realizzazione del progetto, fondamentale poiché la constatazione dei progressi ottenuti è una delle
maggiori forze motivanti all’apprendimento.

Valutazione: linee guida

I compiti autentici sono strettamente integrati con la valutazione, così come accade nella vita reale.
Il compito o prodotto può essere più direttamente collegato a uno o più insegnamenti, oppure riferirsi
a un’attività tecnica e/o professionale, sempre valorizzando le conoscenze, le abilità apprese e le altre
caratteristiche personali in maniera non ripetitiva e banale. Una competenza si manifesta quando uno studente è
in grado di affrontare un compito o realizzare un prodotto a lui assegnato, mettendo in gioco le risorse personali
e quelle esterne utili o necessarie, se disponibili. Tuttavia secondo molti studiosi non è possibile decidere se uno
studente possieda o meno una competenza sulla base di una sola prestazione e una competenza effettivamente
posseduta non è direttamente rilevabile, bensì è solo inferibile a partire dalle sue manifestazioni.
Il primo momento della valutazione è pertanto la raccolta di elementi informativi, di dati pertinenti e affidabili
relativi alle manifestazioni di competenza, cui fa seguito la loro interpretazione fondata su criteri che stabiliscano
chiaramente a cosa si presta attenzione e si attribuisce valore considerando inoltre la dimensione affettiva e
motivazionale.
Il compito e le competenze possono essere valutati considerando:
• il risultato dello svolgimento di un compito (pertinenza, completezza, ricchezza e originalità del prodotto e
puntualità nell’esecuzione);
• come lo studente è giunto ai risultati (attraverso l’osservazione dei comportamenti, l’impegno, la capacità
di collaborare, la responsabilizzazione) utilizzando parametri come autonomia, relazione, partecipazione,
flessibilità, consapevolezza;
• la percezione che lo studente ha del suo lavoro (attraverso la narrazione di sé, delle proprie decisioni, del
come e perché ha svolto il compito e di come valuta il risultato).

I compiti che proponiamo in Explore si collegano ad alcuni temi e proposti all’interno del corso, ma intendono
superare la dimensione disciplinare, per affrontare una prospettiva interdisciplinare.

Percorsi CLIL
Il termine CLIL, introdotto da David Marsh e Anne Maljers nel 1994, è l’acronimo di Content and Language Integrated
Learning, una metodologia che prevede l’insegnamento di una disciplina non linguistica (DNL) in lingua straniera
veicolare al fine di integrare l’apprendimento della lingua e l’acquisizione di contenuti disciplinari, creando ambienti
di apprendimento che favoriscano atteggiamenti plurilingui e sviluppino la consapevolezza multiculturale.
Questa metodologia è stata recepita nella riforma (D.P.R. 15 marzo 2010), in cui si prevede nel quinto anno degli
istituti tecnici, l’insegnamento di una DNL in lingua inglese (preferibilmente il 50% del monte ore della DNL) da
introdurre gradualmente anche per moduli, laboratori o programmazioni pluriennali, con modalità didattiche
flessibili, a classi aperte o a distanza.

Spetta al Collegio dei Docenti, nella sua autonomia, scegliere la disciplina tra quelle dell’area di indirizzo dei singoli
corsi in cui svolgere una parte dell’insegnamento in modalità CLIL, in base ai criteri definiti e alle risorse disponibili.
La scelta di privilegiare le discipline di indirizzo costituisce una decisa spinta motivazionale e incoraggia lo sviluppo
di competenze trasversali collaborative e progettuali che proiettano lo studente verso la dimensione professionale.

La stretta collaborazione con i diversi docenti permette di predisporre un progetto integrato in modalità CLIL
non limitato alle sole discipline di indirizzo e che può essere avviato già a partire dal terzo anno in cui lo studente
riesce ad utilizzare la propria competenza linguistica per acquisire nuove conoscenze che andranno a integrare
quanto proposto dai docenti di altre discipline. L’apprendimento, Learning nell’acronimo CLIL, si realizza così
sia nell’acquisizione direttamente in lingua straniera dei nuovi contenuti della DNL e nell’ampliamento lessicale,
sia nella creazione di percorsi di arricchimento e potenziamento anche individuali e diversificati, legati ai propri
interessi e alle proprie prospettive.

I N TR O D U Z I O N E 17
 Lo svolgimento di progetti integrati di questo tipo contribuisce a consolidare notevolmente la competenza
linguistica dello studente. Tali percorsi possono anche essere valutati in sede d’Esame di Stato. La Nota ministeriale
prot. n. 4969 del 25 luglio 2014 ha fornito chiarimenti in relazione a ciò. Qualora la DNL veicolata in lingua
straniera costituisca materia oggetto di seconda prova scritta, stante il carattere nazionale di tale prova, essa
non potrà essere svolta in lingua straniera. La breve esposizione in lingua straniera (entro un numero massimo
di parole prestabilito) di uno degli argomenti o di uno dei quesiti, a scelta del candidato, tra quelli proposti dalla
Commissione nell’ambito della trattazione sintetica o del gruppo dei quesiti è un’opzione di solito poco considerata,
ma in realtà offre una preziosa opportunità agli studenti per dimostrare la loro effettiva padronanza della lingua
come strumento per esprimere contenuti di altre discipline. Prevedere anche questa opzione all’interno della terza
prova può costituire una importante novità che accoglie le indicazioni della riforma e, proprio perché prevede l’uso
della lingua per contenuti non direttamente affrontati nella lingua straniera durante le lezioni, permette di valutare
meglio l’effettiva competenza linguistica raggiunta dallo studente.
Per quanto riguarda la prova orale la nota prevede che per la disciplina non linguistica, il cui insegnamento sia stato
effettuato con la metodologia CLIL, il colloquio potrà accertare anche in lingua straniera le competenze disciplinari
acquisite, qualora il relativo docente venga a far parte della Commissione di esame in qualità di membro interno.

A livello ordinamentale, per il docente di lingua straniera non è previsto un diretto coinvolgimento attraverso
forme di compresenza o codocenza, tuttavia a livello progettuale la sua collaborazione è indispensabile visto che
è il docente di lingua straniera il solo in grado di fornire le necessarie indicazioni in relazione alle competenze
linguistico-comunicative degli studenti e di suggerire tecniche e modalità di insegnamento CLIL. Questa dimensione
collaborativa è già presente nelle indicazioni relative all’insegnamento della lingua inglese per il secondo biennio e
quinto anno in cui si prevede la acquisizione progressiva dei linguaggi settoriali con opportuni raccordi con le altre
discipline, linguistiche e d’indirizzo, e approfondimenti sul lessico specifico.

La circolare del 25 luglio 2014 fornisce inoltre alcune indicazioni metodologiche, in particolare nei casi in cui non ci
siano nel Consiglio di Classe docenti di DNL in possesso delle necessarie competenze linguistiche e metodologiche,
raccomandando lo sviluppo di progetti interdisciplinari in lingua straniera nell’ambito del Piano dell’Offerta
Formativa, che si avvalgano di strategie di collaborazione e cooperazione tra docenti di disciplina non linguistica,
il docente di lingua straniera e, se presenti, il conversatore di lingua straniera e eventuali assistenti linguistici in
team CLIL, finalizzati allo scambio e al rafforzamento delle reciproche competenze. Gli aspetti formali correlati alla
valutazione rimangono di competenza del docente di disciplina non linguistica.

Explore offre percorsi CLIL attraverso materiale per l’approfondimento integrato con altre discipline.
Le discipline curriculari dalle quali sono stati tratti gli argomenti sono: Storia, Geografia turistica, Arte e territorio,
Diritto e legislazione turistica.

Preparazione agli esami

Explore aiuta gli studenti alla preparazione di:
• Cambridge English: Preliminary (PET) nelle unità 1-4 e Cambridge English: First (FCE) nelle unità 5-9;
• Esame di Stato nel corso delle unità e in Explore – Prove d’Esame;
• INVALSI in Explore – Prove d’Esame.

Certificazioni Cambridge English Language

Cambridge English: Preliminary (PET) è il secondo della serie principale di Cambridge English Language Assessment
e corrisponde al livello B1 del Quadro Comune Europeo di Riferimento. Per una completa descrizione dell’esame si
può scaricare il materiale dal sito www.cambridgeenglish.org/exams-and-qualifications/preliminary
L’esame è articolato in tre papers: Reading & Writing, Listening, Speaking.

Paper 1 – Reading & Writing – 1 ora e 30 minuti

Reading Part 1: cinque brevi testi illustrati e cinque domande con risposte a scelta multipla.
Reading Part 2: cinque brevi descrizioni di persone da abbinare a cinque degli otto testi presentati.
Reading Part 3: comprensione di un testo informativo con dieci domande di vero/falso.
Reading Part 4: comprensione di un testo semi-autentico con cinque domande a scelta multipla.
Reading Part 5: comprensione di un testo semi-autentico con dieci spazi da completare a scelta multipla.

18 IN TRO DUZI ON E
Writing Part 1: cinque frasi da trasformare in modo che abbiano lo stesso significato.
Writing Part 2: composizione di un breve testo (35-45 parole) su traccia.
Writing Part 3: composizione di una lettera informale o una storia (100 parole circa) su traccia.
Paper 2 – Listening – 30 minuti circa
Part 1: ascolto di sette minidialoghi o monologhi e risposte a scelta multipla con elementi visivi.
Part 2: ascolto di un dialogo o monologo con sei risposte a scelta multipla.
Part 3: ascolto di un monologo e completamento di sei vuoti di informazione.
Part 4: ascolto di un dialogo con sei domande di vero/falso.
Paper 3 – Speaking – 10-12 minuti per ogni coppia di candidati
Part 1: interazione esaminatore-candidato, 2-3 minuti di informazioni personali.
Part 2: interazione tra i due candidati, 2-3 minuti di discussione basata su un’immagine.
Part 3: discorso di ogni singolo candidato, 3 minuti di descrizione di un’immagine.
Part 4: conversazione tra i due candidati, 3 minuti di discussione sul tema di Part 3.

Cambridge English: First (FCE) è il terzo della serie principale di Cambridge English Language Assessment e
corrisponde al livello B2 del Quadro Comune Europeo di Riferimento. Per una completa descrizione dell’esame si
può scaricare il materiale dal sito www.cambridgeenglish.org/exams-and-qualifications/first
L’esame è articolato in cinque papers: Reading and Use of English, Writing, Listening, Speaking.
Paper 1 – Reading and Use of English – 1 ora e 15 minuti
Part 1: completamento di un testo con 8 parole a scelta multipla.
Part 2: completamento di un testo con 8 parole di tipo lessico-grammaticale deducibili dal senso.
Part 3: completamento di un testo con 8 parole di tipo lessico-grammaticale di cui viene data la radice a fianco del
testo.
Part 4: 6 coppie di frasi di cui la seconda deve essere completata in modo che abbia lo stesso significato della
prima, usando una parola già fornita ed altre parole fino a un totale di cinque.
Part 5: un testo con otto domande con risposta a scelta multipla.
Part 6: un testo in cui inserire sette frasi, elencate a parte insieme a una frase extra.
Part 7: abbinamento di 15 informazioni sintetiche all’articolo o ai testi brevi corrispondenti.
Paper 2 – Writing – 1 ora e 20 minuti
Part 1: composizione di saggio breve (140-190 parole).
Part 2: una composizione (140-190 parole) tra: articolo, lettera, e-mail, relazione, recensione o racconto.
Paper 3 – Listening – 40 minuti circa
Part 1: ascolto di otto minidialoghi o monologhi, otto domande con risposta a scelta multipla.
Part 2: ascolto di un dialogo o monologo e completamento di dieci vuoti di informazione.
Part 3: ascolto di cinque monologhi sullo stesso tema e abbinamento di cinque delle otto opzioni proposte.
Part 4: ascolto di un monologo o dialogo, sette domande con risposta a scelta multipla.
Paper 4 – Speaking – 14 minuti per ogni coppia di candidati
Part 1: interazione esaminatore-candidato relativamente a informazioni di tipo personale.
Part 2: discorso del primo candidato finalizzato a descrivere e paragonare due immagini e reazione del secondo
candidato.
Part 3: interazione tra i due candidati con discussione basata sulle immagini.
Part 4: conversazione tra i due candidati con discussione su domande relative a Part 3.

Esame di Stato
Il nuovo Esame di Stato previsto dal decreto legislativo 62/2017 entrerà a regime a partire dall’a.s. 2018/2019. Il
decreto riduce a due il numero delle prove scritte previste, ma non apporta modifiche alla natura e ai contenuti
delle prove stesse.
La prima prova scritta accerta le capacità di uso della lingua italiana e prevede, oltre al tema tradizionale, l’analisi
di un testo, la redazione di un saggio breve o di un articolo di giornale.
La seconda prova scritta è quella di indirizzo, anche questa viene recapitata alla commissione il giorno dell’esame
con il plico telematico. Già a partire dall’a.s. 2014/2015, la lingua inglese è stata inserita tra le materie caratterizzanti i
singoli corsi di studio dei percorsi di istruzione tecnica, oggetto della seconda prova scritta per il Settore Economico,
indirizzo Turismo.
In linea con quanto previsto dalle certificazioni internazionali Cambridge English: First (FCE), livello B2 del CEFR, la
seconda prova si articola in due parti:

I N TR O D U Z I O N E 19
 • comprensione e analisi di testi scritti, continui o anche non continui, relativi al contesto del percorso di studio,
con risposte a domande aperte o anche chiuse;
• elaborazione di un testo scritto, sulla base della documentazione fornita, riguardante esperienze, processi e
situazioni relativi al settore di indirizzo.

Per quanto riguarda la prova orale, nel decreto viene disposto che nell’ambito del colloquio degli Esami di Stato il
candidato esporrà, mediante una breve relazione e/o un elaborato multimediale, l’esperienza di Alternanza Scuola-
Lavoro svolta durante il percorso di studi. Lo svolgimento delle attività di Alternanza Scuola-Lavoro diventa inoltre
requisito di ammissione all’esame, insieme allo svolgimento della Prova Nazionale INVALSI in italiano, matematica e
inglese. Il colloquio orale accerterà inoltre il conseguimento delle competenze raggiunte e la capacità argomentativa
e critica del candidato.
In modo più specifico, durante il colloquio orale la commissione potrà proporre di “analizzare testi, documenti,
esperienze, progetti, problemi per verificare l’acquisizione dei contenuti e dei metodi propri delle singole discipline,
la capacità di utilizzare le conoscenze acquisite e di collegarle per argomentare in maniera critica e personale
anche utilizzando la lingua straniera. Nell’ambito del colloquio sarà esposta, mediante una breve relazione e/o un
elaborato multimediale, l’esperienza di Alternanza Scuola-Lavoro svolta nel percorso di studi.”

Voto d’esame: maggior peso al curriculum scolastico

Per ogni prova scritta, i commissari possono decidere di assegnare massimo 20 punti (al posto dei 15 attuali).
Anche il colloquio orale potrà essere valutato con punteggio massimo di 20 (al posto dell’attuale massimo di 30
punti). Considerato il maggior peso dei crediti scolastici, appare chiara l’intenzione di dare più importanza, in sede
d’Esame di Stato, al curriculum scolastico, al percorso che hai quindi fatto negli anni, anziché all’esame in sé.

Arriva il curriculum dello studente

A confermare il fatto che il MIUR intende dare più importanza al percorso di ogni studente rispetto all’esame di maturità,
arriva il curriculum scolastico. Verrà allegato al diploma e conterrà le discipline comprese “nel piano degli studi con
l’indicazione del monte ore complessivo destinato a ciascuna di esse. In una specifica sezione sono indicati i livelli di
apprendimento conseguiti nella prove scritte a carattere nazionale, distintamente per ciascuna delle discipline oggetto
di rilevazione. Sono altresì indicate le competenze, le conoscenze e le abilità anche professionali acquisite e le attività
culturali, artistiche e di pratiche musicali, sportive e di volontariato, svolte in ambito extra scolastico nonché le attività
di Alternanza Scuola-Lavoro ed altre eventuali certificazioni conseguite, ai sensi di quanto previsto dall’articolo”.
L’Alternanza Scuola-Lavoro dunque diventerà di fatto oggetto di valutazione. Durante il colloquio lo studente
dovrà portare ed esporre una relazione al riguardo.
Alle pagg. 50-53 del volume Prove d’Esame (sezione “Exam Practice – Alternanza Scuola-Lavoro”) proponiamo
degli esempi di relazione in lingua inglese che potranno essere utili per preparare al meglio l’esposizione. Viene
inoltre offerto un ricco ed esaustivo elenco di espressioni, frasi, vocaboli da usare sul luogo di tirocinio/lavoro.

Classi ad abilità mista

Quasi tutte le classi sono ad abilità mista, poiché gli studenti provengono da esperienze linguistiche diverse,
hanno motivazioni e interessi diversi, differenti stili di apprendimento e un tipo diverso di intelligenza (cinestetica,
linguistica, logico-matematica, musicale, naturalistica, spaziale-artistica, interpersonale).
Perciò è utile capire quali problemi si presentino all’insegnante e come si possano risolvere, adottando strategie e
tecniche appropriate. Per un insegnamento efficace che raggiunga tutti gli studenti, anche i più deboli, si suggerisce di:
• fare uso frequente di elementi visivi, che attraggano studenti di tutti i livelli e di tutti i tipi di intelligenza;
• essere preparati per tutte le eventualità, per esempio avere un esercizio extra da dare a chi finisce prima;
• non assegnare un’intera attività a tutti gli studenti, ma parti diverse graduate secondo le loro abilità;
• assegnare esercizi a risposta aperta, per esempio scrivere una lettera o la descrizione di un’immagine in modo
che ogni studente possa affrontare il lavoro al suo livello, dato che non esiste una risposta univoca;
• personalizzare gli esercizi per adattarli agli interessi degli studenti;
• svolgere gare di lessico o di grammatica, laddove il curricolo lo consenta;
• formare gruppi o coppie tra studenti deboli e studenti più abili per una collaborazione reciproca, oppure formare
gruppi omogenei e assegnare lavori di diverso livello di difficoltà.
A questo proposito Explore propone, nelle note didattiche della guida per l’insegnante, soluzioni specifiche per
classi deboli e attività extra per classi avanzate.
Per maggiori informazioni, si rimanda all’approfondimento BES e inclusività in questa guida.

20 IN TRO DUZI ON E
 Tests and Resources
Il Tests and Resources di Explore comprende i seguenti materiali:
• 9 Unit Tests;
• Obiettivi minimi: 9 Unit Tests per studenti con BES;
• Answer key e trascrizioni audio.

Unit Tests
La serie di test esamina la comprensione dei contenuti e degli elementi grammaticali e lessicali presentati in ciascuna
unità di Explore.
I test relativi alle nove unità sono distribuiti su sei pagine. Le prime due pagine (Test your knowledge) verificano i
contenuti rispettivamente della prima e della seconda parte dell’unità.
Seguono due pagine di Test your language volte a verificare il lessico specialistico e la fraseologia turistica; qui
gli esercizi sono incentrati sulla comunicazione scritta e orale, e presentano un livello di difficoltà progressivo,
iniziando con attività lessicali, seguite da attività di comprensione incentrate sulla fraseologia, per giungere infine
alla produzione scritta. La quinta pagina (Test your skills) di ogni unit test è invece dedicata alle competenze
linguistiche e propone un esercizio di reading comprehension, uno di listening e uno di writing. Nell’ultima pagina
(Test your competences) si propone un esercizio di produzione scritta e un esercizio di traduzione, sempre
dall’italiano verso l’inglese.

Obiettivi minimi
I test presentati in questa sezione sono molto simili in struttura e contenuto a quelli della sezione precedente, ma
pensati per quegli alunni che evidenziano delle difficoltà di apprendimento, in modo che anche a loro sia data
la possibilità di testare le proprie conoscenze similmente al resto della classe. In occasione della verifica di un
determinato argomento, il docente potrà quindi somministrare a sua discrezione l’una o l’altra versione dei test,
disponendo in entrambi i casi di un pratico strumento di valutazione.

La didattica inclusiva
Cenni sulla didattica inclusiva
Se l’obiettivo di ogni docente è quello di raggiungere ciascuno dei propri studenti, appare quanto mai complesso nella
scuola di oggi affrontare con semplicità la diversità. A questa complessità si aggiunge la sfida posta dagli alunni con
Disturbi Specifici di Apprendimento (DSA) e quelli con Bisogni Educativi Speciali (BES).
Il docente sa inoltre che l’apprendimento dipende anche da ciò che ciascuno degli studenti porta con sé dal proprio
background sociale e familiare. Nelle classi numerose, con abilità miste, la sfida principale è quella di rispondere in modo
adeguato ai bisogni degli apprendenti. Una risposta possibile alla complessità della scuola e alle esigenze educative
differenziate degli alunni è la didattica inclusiva: una didattica che non escluda, quindi, ma che al contrario accetti e
valorizzi le diversità, che consenta al docente e al discente di incontrarsi e non di allontanarsi, creando ambienti di
apprendimento per tutti e per ciascuno.

Disturbi Specifici dell’Apprendimento

La Legge 170 dell’8 ottobre del 2010 e le successive Linee Guida del luglio 2011 definiscono quali sono i DSA riconosciuti
e quindi tutelati dalla normativa e precisano le disposizioni di legge per la didattica, specificando le misure compensative
e quelle dispensative. Nella Legge 170 si fa anche riferimento alla formazione in merito del personale docente (art. 4,
comma 1) e nelle Linee Guida (7, pag. 27 – 30) si insiste sulle procedure da seguire per garantire all’alunno con DSA il
diritto all’istruzione in tutti i suoi aspetti (art. 2):

I Disturbi Specifici dell’Apprendimento interessano alcune specifiche abilità dell’apprendimento scolastico, in

un contesto di funzionamento intellettivo adeguato all’età anagrafica. Sono coinvolte in tali disturbi: l’abilità di
lettura, di scrittura, di fare calcoli. Sulla base dell’abilità interessata dal disturbo, i DSA assumono una
denominazione specifica: dislessia (lettura), disgrafia e disortografia (scrittura), discalculia (calcolo).

I N TR O D U Z I O N E 21
 Secondo le ricerche attualmente più accreditate, i DSA sono di origine neurobiologica; allo stesso tempo
hanno matrice evolutiva e si mostrano come un’atipia dello sviluppo, su cui si può intervenire in modo mirato.
Posto nelle condizioni di attenuare e/o compensare il disturbo, infatti, il discente può raggiungere gli obiettivi
di apprendimento previsti. È da notare, inoltre (e ciò non è affatto irrilevante per la didattica), che gli alunni
con DSA sviluppano stili di apprendimento specifici, volti a compensare le difficoltà incontrate a seguito del
disturbo. (cit. Linee Guida 1.1)

I Bisogni Educativi Speciali – BES

Il 6 marzo del 2013 il Ministero dell’Istruzione, dell’Università e della Ricerca ha emanato una Circolare che definisce gli
“strumenti d’intervento per alunni con bisogni educativi speciali e l’organizzazione territoriale per l’inclusione scolastica”,
oltre a fornire indicazioni operative:

La Direttiva ridefinisce e completa il tradizionale approccio all’integrazione scolastica, basato sulla

certificazione della disabilità, estendendo il campo di intervento e di responsabilità di tutta la comunità
educante all’intera area dei Bisogni Educativi Speciali (BES), comprendente: “svantaggio sociale e culturale,
disturbi specifici di apprendimento e/o disturbi evolutivi specifici, difficoltà derivanti dalla non conoscenza
della cultura e della lingua italiana perché appartenenti a culture diverse”.
La Direttiva estende pertanto a tutti gli studenti in difficoltà il diritto alla personalizzazione dell’apprendimento,
richiamandosi espressamente ai principi enunciati dalla Legge 53/2003. (cit. CM n. 8 6 marzo 2013, p. 2)

Il Piano Didattico Personalizzato

Nell’ambito della già più volte citata Legge 170/10 e nelle allegate Linee Guida/2011 si dispone la creazione di percorsi di
apprendimento personalizzati, con il supporto del Piano Didattico Personalizzato (PDP), strumento all’interno del quale
vengono individuate le linee didattiche da seguire per garantire il successo del percorso scolastico ad allievi con DSA.
La Circolare Ministeriale n. 8/2013 insiste con ancora maggiore forza sulla creazione e l’uso del PDP. In questa nuova e
più ampia ottica, il PDP diventa lo strumento in cui si potranno, ad esempio, includere progettazioni didattico-educative
calibrate sui livelli minimi attesi per le competenze in uscita (di cui moltissimi alunni con BES, privi di qualsivoglia
certificazione diagnostica, abbisognano), strumenti programmatici utili in maggior misura rispetto a compensazioni o
dispense, a carattere squisitamente didattico strumentale.
La Direttiva ben chiarisce come la presa in carico dei BES debba essere al centro dell’attenzione e dello sforzo congiunto
della scuola e della famiglia. È necessario che l’attivazione di un percorso individualizzato e personalizzato per un
alunno con Bisogni Educativi Speciali sia deliberata in Consiglio di Classe dando luogo al PDP, firmato dal Dirigente
scolastico (o da un docente da questi specificamente delegato), dai docenti e dalla famiglia. La successiva Circolare
del 22/11/2013 ribadisce infine l’autonomia del Consiglio di Classe nel redigere il PDP, anche in assenza di diagnosi e
certificazioni, con l’obiettivo di garantire interventi strategici per una didattica personalizzata e individualizzata, la cui
validità rimane circoscritta all’anno scolastico di riferimento.

Dos/Don’ts
Di seguito l’elenco di alcune delle cose da fare e quelle da evitare e/o modificare per garantire una didattica inclusiva.

DOS
• Analisi dei bisogni: le risorse che i docenti dedicano a comprendere i bisogni educativi dei propri studenti consentono
di avere in tempo utile i punti di forza e di debolezza di ciascuno degli allievi e quindi della classe.
• Programmazione e calendarizzazione: avere un buon piano di lavoro consente di rasserenare gli studenti, che
imparano così a programmare le loro attività e ad assumersi, giorno dopo giorno, le responsabilità dello studio.
Inoltre programmare in tempo prove e verifiche dovrebbe essere fatto con l’intero Consiglio di Classe, per evitare
affaticamenti inutili e non inficiare le prestazioni degli studenti.
• Utilizzare materiali multisensoriali: lo stimolo di più canali di apprendimento facilita per tutti il processo di
apprendimento, evitando e prevenendo inutili frustrazioni, soprattutto nel caso della classe di LS. Per esempio,
utilizzare strumenti multimediali offre l’opportunità di stimolare il canale visivo e quello uditivo, facilita la pronuncia,
migliora il vocabolario, avvicina la LS alla realtà, privilegiando contenuti reali e autentici.

22 IN TRO DUZI ON E
• Valutare le competenze piuttosto che i contenuti, soprattutto tenendo conto dei diversi stili di apprendimento, delle
diverse intelligenze e degli stili cognitivi.
• Utilizzare le tecnologie: nella classe di lingua straniera l’uso della LIM, così come quello di piattaforme e altri sistemi
operativi, possibilmente anche fruibili offline, consente di avvicinare lo studente al docente, utilizzando un codice
comunicativo come quello digitale sempre più patrimonio degli apprendenti “nativi digitali”.
• Valorizzare tutte le pratiche cooperative, che favoriscono lo studio come scambio di conoscenze e pratiche, il
rispetto dell’altrui stile di apprendimento e la convivenza.
• Consentire l’uso di mappe, elenchi di vocaboli e tavole verbali per prevenire frustrazioni e consentire all’alunno di
esprimere al meglio le proprie conoscenze.

DON’TS
• Evitare di somministrare attività poco strutturate: fornire sempre degli esempi, dei modelli e delle parole chiave,
anziché domande aperte o composizioni libere.
• Evitare attività didattiche che penalizzino una parte dei discenti: per esempio nella classe di lingue la traduzione
può essere ostica per uno studente non italofono, oppure per uno studente con DSA o ancora per lo studente con
basso livello di attenzione.
• Evitare attività che privilegino la memoria: è noto che si tratta di una delle attività del cervello umano più soggetta
all’interferenza emotiva, inoltre nel caso di alunni con DSA il carico di memoria può diventare penalizzante.
• Evitare attività didattiche che consentano l’apprendimento attraverso un solo canale, per esempio la lettura
(problematica in caso di dislessia) o la scrittura (per esempio critica in caso di disgrafia e disortografia).

Layout
I materiali che il docente si trova a dover utilizzare sono spesso poco accessibili e pertanto poco inclusivi, a cominciare
dagli aspetti formali dell’editing.
Ecco allora alcune buone pratiche da seguire per valutare il livello di accessibilità dei materiali didattici dal punto
di vista editoriale.
• Format: si preferisce per il suo livello di accessibilità il font “senza grazie” (sans serif).
• Corpo: non inferiore a 12, per evitare problemi di decodifica del testo scritto.
• Sfondo: preferibile in colori pastello tenui, per dare maggiore visibilità ai caratteri e quindi maggiore leggibilità.
• Divisione in paragrafi: se non c’è potrebbe essere una buona pratica strutturare o ristrutturare i materiali con una
buona suddivisione.
• Neretto: utilizzarlo soprattutto per parole chiave e concetti importanti.
• Maiuscole/Minuscole: utilizzare il maiuscolo per incipit e titoli, senza abusarne.
• Immagini: è preferibile utilizzare foto e immagini tridimensionali, anche sul supporto cartaceo; nel caso di utilizzo di
materiali digitali è ugualmente meglio ricorrere a foto anziché a fumetti o ad altri materiali bidimensionali.
• Grafici – tabelle – diagrammi: il loro uso consente di riassumere in modo strutturato le conoscenze, rivelandosi quindi
preziosi alleati dell’apprendimento.

L’offerta digitale
Il FLIP BOOK
Il FLIP BOOK è la versione digitale e interattiva del libro di testo. Raccoglie in un unico ambiente multimediale tutte
le risorse del corso e offre un accesso diretto alle piattaforme e alle risorse online.
Il FLIP BOOK è uno strumento fondamentale per il docente di oggi, per arricchire e approfondire la lezione in
classe, ma anche per il discente, in quanto incoraggia all’autonomia e alla personalizzazione del percorso di
apprendimento.
Al suo interno l’insegnante e lo studente avranno accesso a:
• il corso interamente sfogliabile;
• oltre 270 esercizi interattivi e auto-correttivi;
• le chiavi di tutti gli esercizi interattivi (solo nella versione insegnante);
• tutti gli audio del corso;
• tutti i video del corso;

I N TR O D U Z I O N E 23
 • tutte le mappe interattive ed esplorabili, con informazioni aggiuntive, photo galleries e video extra sulle principali
attrazioni turistiche;
• gli strumenti presenti all’interno della piattaforma bSmart;
• il libro liquido, ovvero la versione accessibile ad alta leggibilità per studenti con difficoltà di apprendimento,
dotato di sintetizzatore vocale;
• risorse aggiuntive per lo studente e per l’insegnante;
• collegamento diretto alle risorse online contenute nel sito www.elilaspigaedizioni.it;
• la raccolta di tutte le risorse per il docente (solo nella versione insegnante);
• collegamento diretto alle piattaforme online ELI WebLAB e WebCLOUD.

La barra degli strumenti

Dalla barra degli strumenti all’interno della piattaforma
bSmart è possibile non solo accedere alla tradizionale
palette di disegno (matita, evidenziatore, riquadri per
inserire note, gomma) ma anche fare ritagli di testo,
inserire esercizi, file, note, video, collegamenti ipertestuali
e registrazioni audio per esercitarsi con la pronuncia.
È inoltre possibile fare uso di mediatori didattici quali
schemi e mappe concettuali che possono essere creati
dall’utente in modo veloce ed estremamente intuitivo.
Il FLIP BOOK diviene quindi uno strumento da
personalizzare, arricchendolo di risorse, funzioni e
materiali integrativi, in base alle proprie esigenze
formative.

Il libro liquido
Il FLIP BOOK offre la possibilità di accedere al libro
liquido, ovvero l’intero corso in versione accessibile ad
alta leggibilità. Si tratta di un supporto fondamentale
alla didattica inclusiva, in quanto aiuta ad apprendere
riducendo al minimo le eventuali difficoltà.
All’interno del libro liquido è infatti possibile modificare il
tipo di carattere, le sue dimensioni e il colore dello sfondo,
fare la ricerca per parole e attivare il sintetizzatore
vocale per la lettura dell’intero volume. Dal menù a
destra si ha inoltre la possibilità di accedere a tutte le
risorse interattive e multimediali attive all’interno del
libro digitale.
Il libro liquido concretizza alcuni elementi fondamentali
per i percorsi di integrazione: la personalizzazione (è un
prodotto in continua evoluzione che segue lo sviluppo della personalità dello studente in tutti i suoi aspetti),
la collaborazione (è elaborato attraverso l’interazione con i compagni, gli insegnanti e le famiglie), il raccordo
(diventa strumento pratico e facilmente fruibile nella mediazione casa-scuola), la documentazione (dà visibilità al
percorso educativo-didattico dell’autore stesso), la continuità (è il punto di partenza per una riflessione condivisa
tra le diverse componenti coinvolte nel passaggio alla classe successiva).
Caratteristica del libro liquido è la flessibilità; non sarà quindi predefinito ma sempre in progress, il supporto non
sarà solo cartaceo ma anche digitale; non si svilupperà solo sul livello testuale ma sarà ricco di immagini, schemi,
suoni; non progredirà in maniera lineare ma si svilupperà anche in reti concettuali.

Il libro liquido può essere utilizzato da tutti e, prestando particolare attenzione alla personalizzazione, si rivela uno
strumento indispensabile per l’integrazione degli alunni che presentano difficoltà di apprendimento, gli alunni con
disturbo specifico di apprendimento, gli alunni non italofoni e gli alunni diversamente abili nel tessuto della classe.

24 IN TRO DUZI ON E
Dove trovare il FLIP BOOK?
Il Teacher’s FLIP BOOK è disponibile su supporto DVD oppure consultabile online su piattaforma bSmart o
scaricabile tramite l’app MybSmart.
Lo Student’s FLIP BOOK è consultabile online su piattaforma bSmart o scaricabile tramite l’app MybSmart inserendo
il codice fornito nel volume (in terza di copertina).
Per maggiori informazioni, si rimanda al sito www.elilaspigaedizioni.it/libridigitali.

La piattaforma bSmart e l’app MybSmart

I libri ELI per la Scuola Secondaria di secondo grado possono essere visionati sulla piattaforma online bSmart
oppure scaricati su supporto PC o tablet tramite l’app MybSmart.
Per accedere alla piattaforma o all’app basta registrarsi sul sito www.bsmart.it inserendo le credenziali richieste.
Per maggiori informazioni, si vada su support.bsmart.it.
All’interno della piattaforma, l’insegnante potrà avere inoltre accesso a bSmart Classroom, un’aula virtuale in cui
docenti e studenti possono lavorare insieme e in cui ciascun docente può creare dei corsi, assegnare compiti e
verifiche, programmare interrogazioni e gestire il calendario degli eventi che ha previsto.

La piattaforma ELI WebLAB

WebLAB è una piattaforma online per il recupero e il
potenziamento della lingua straniera. L’insegnante che
ha in adozione un testo ELI può accedervi gratuitamente
e invitare i propri studenti, creare una classe digitale e
suddividerla in gruppi di lavoro.
All’interno di WebLAB il docente e lo studente avranno
accesso a un’ampia gamma di esercitazioni suddivise per
materia e per livello linguistico (A1-B2) secondo il Quadro
Comune Europeo di Riferimento (QCER), e a numerose
verifiche da assegnare o personalizzare.

Perché usare WebLAB?

WebLAB è stata pensata per offrire al docente ELI un ulteriore ausilio nella didattica. WebLAB è infatti uno strumento:
• ricco e allo stesso tempo personalizzabile: oltre all’ampia varietà di esercitazioni fornite, la piattaforma consente
infatti di creare verifiche personalizzate da inviare agli studenti;
• di supporto nel quadro di una didattica sempre più inclusiva, che si faccia carico delle diverse esigenze di
apprendimento di ciascuno studente: con WebLAB sarà infatti possibile attivare dei percorsi didattici
individualizzati, assegnando esercizi e verifiche ai gruppi creati all’interno della classe o ai singoli studenti, così
da promuovere le potenzialità di ognuno e assistere i ragazzi nel raggiungimento del successo formativo;
• di monitoraggio della classe: grazie al registro dell’insegnante esportabile anche su file Excel®, il docente ha la
possibilità di tenere sempre sotto controllo l’andamento progressivo della classe nel complesso e di ciascuno
studente nel particolare;
• multimediale, con esercizi interattivi di diverse tipologie e corredati da immagini, audio e video in grado non
solo di coinvolgere maggiormente i ragazzi ma anche di stimolarli a familiarizzare sempre più con gli strumenti
forniti dall’era digitale;
• di facile utilizzo per l’insegnante, grazie anche all’ampia sezione di istruzioni e video tutorial forniti all’interno
della piattaforma;
• multicanale, fruibile da LIM, PC o tablet, per permettere il lavoro in classe e quello individuale a casa;
• sicuro: WebLAB è infatti un ambiente online protetto a cui accedono solo le scuole e gli studenti che sono
stati invitati dai loro insegnanti; l’insegnante crea la sua classe digitale e invia agli studenti le loro credenziali di
accesso per il log in.

Per maggiori informazioni sull’utilizzo di WebLAB, si può scaricare la Guida all’uso all’indirizzo
www.elipublishing.org/piattaforme/WebLAB_GUIDA.pdf.

I N TR O D U Z I O N E 25
 Come accedere a WebLAB?
L’insegnante che ha in adozione un testo ELI può andare sul sito weblab.elilaspigaedizioni.it e inserire il nome utente e
la password con cui è già registrato all’interno del sito ELI-La Spiga Edizioni.
Se non è ancora stata effettuata la registrazione, andare sul sito www.elilaspigaedizioni.it e registrarsi; il docente verrà
abilitato ad accedere all’interno del sito (Area Docente) e delle piattaforme online ELI-La Spiga Edizioni con il nome
utente e la password che ha inserito.
Lo studente può accedere a WebLAB dal sito weblab.elilaspigaedizioni.it inserendo le credenziali per il log in che gli
sono state inviate dal suo insegnante.

La piattaforma ELI WebCLOUD

WebCLOUD è una piattaforma online di composizione creativa. L’insegnante che ha in adozione un testo ELI può
accedervi gratuitamente e invitare i propri studenti creando una vera e propria redazione digitale.
All’interno di WebCLOUD sarà possibile realizzare con la classe in modo semplice e immediato un foto diario, una rivista
o un blog, impaginando il testo con foto e link a video originali.
L’insegnante potrà poi decidere se rendere visibile il prodotto finale solo all’interno della propria classe virtuale, oppure
pubblicarlo nella piattaforma WebCLOUD, condividendo così il lavoro della propria classe con tutta la community che
utilizza i testi ELI-La Spiga nel mondo.

Perché usare ELI WebCLOUD?

WebCLOUD è stata pensata per fornire al docente ELI un
ulteriore strumento formativo atto a coinvolgere in prima
persona gli studenti e a guidarli in un apprendimento
pratico e divertente. WebCLOUD offre infatti numerosi
vantaggi nella didattica:
• potenzia la creatività: la classe sarà stimolata a
interessarsi a un determinato argomento, progettare
come svilupparlo, ricercare materiale video e fotografico
per corredare il proprio articolo e contribuire così alla
ricchezza dei contenuti e alla gradevolezza grafica del
prodotto complessivo;
• favorisce la cooperazione fra gli studenti e lo sviluppo
delle loro abilità relazionali, coadiuvando la conoscenza
reciproca e l’integrazione all’interno del gruppo. Ciascun ragazzo è infatti chiamato a collaborare a un progetto
comune, a responsabilizzarsi per la buona riuscita del prodotto finale, a confrontarsi sui modi della sua realizzazione;
• promuove la multiculturalità: l’insegnamento soprattutto linguistico, che trova nella comunicazione la sua
ragione e il suo scopo, non può essere disgiunto da un apprendimento culturale in grado di superare gli stereotipi
e portare gli studenti ad adottare comportamenti adeguati di fronte ai propri interlocutori. La community
WebCLOUD sarà in grado di stimolare la curiosità dei ragazzi verso i progetti digitali dei loro coetanei in altre
parti del mondo, suscitando il desiderio di saperne di più e di entrare in più stretto contatto con altre scuole e
con le loro realtà;
• coadiuva la didattica per competenze: la discussione orale in classe e con l’insegnante, per progettare insieme
una rivista o un blog con WebCLOUD, e la successiva produzione di un testo scritto da parte di ciascuno studente,
in maniera autonoma ma sotto la guida del docente, sono dei validi strumenti per indurre la classe a partecipare
in maniera attiva al processo di apprendimento non soltanto del “sapere” ma anche del “saper fare”;
• è uno strumento duttile: WebCLOUD è infatti un contenitore vuoto che può essere utilizzato trasversalmente da
classi inferiori per età e/o livello, o da classi più avanzate che vogliano cimentarsi in compiti più complessi;
• è un utile strumento di monitoraggio della classe, delle sue conoscenze e abilità, degli errori più frequenti che
vengono compiuti, delle competenze su cui è in linea generale più avanzata o più debole. L’insegnante riceve
infatti gli articoli dei suoi studenti, li corregge, può aggiungervi delle annotazioni e rimandarli all’autore con il
proprio feedback fino a quando il testo non sia pronto per essere pubblicato e reso visibile al resto della classe;
• è uno strumento che si presta bene a progetti di natura interdisciplinare che stimolino gli studenti a creare
collegamenti fra i diversi saperi, a valorizzare le loro conoscenze e a moltiplicarle;

26 IN TRO DUZI ON E
• è
 un ambiente online protetto a cui accedono solo le scuole e gli studenti che sono stati invitati dai loro insegnanti. Sarà
infatti compito del docente, una volta creata la sua classe, distribuire a ciascuno studente le sue credenziali per il log in.
Per maggiori informazioni, oltre che per suggerimenti pratici su come strutturare le attività in classe da fare con
WebCLOUD, è possibile scaricare la Guida all’uso all’indirizzo www.elipublishing.org/piattaforme/WebCloud_GUIDA. pdf.

Come accedere a WebCLOUD?

L’insegnante che ha in adozione un testo ELI può andare sul sito webcloud.elilaspigaedizioni.it e inserire il nome utente
e la password con cui è già registrato all’interno del sito ELI-La Spiga Edizioni.
Se non è ancora stata effettuata la registrazione, andare sul sito www.elilaspigaedizioni.it e registrarsi; il docente verrà
abilitato ad accedere all’interno del sito (Area Docente) e delle piattaforme online ELI-La Spiga Edizioni con il nome
utente e la password che ha inserito.
Lo studente può accedere a WebCLOUD dal sito webcloud.elilaspigaedizioni.it inserendo le credenziali per il log in che
gli sono state inviate dal suo insegnante.

ELI LINK
ELI LINK è un’applicazione gratuita scaricabile da Google Play e/o da App Store
sul proprio smartphone o tablet. Grazie a ELI Link la realtà che vediamo sotto i
nostri occhi si arricchisce di elementi multimediali attivabili direttamente da uno
smartphone o da un tablet.
Scarica l’applicazione
Dopo aver scaricato e lanciato l’applicazione, è possibile inquadrare le icone video gratuita ELI LINK nel tuo
o audio presenti nella pagina del proprio volume cartaceo e accedere subito ai smartphone o tablet
contenuti video e audio collegati.

ELI LINK è uno strumento pensato per aumentare la produttività nel lavoro in classe
o a casa e risparmiare tempo, oltre che per mantenere viva l’attenzione degli studenti
e coinvolgerli maggiormente grazie all’ausilio della tecnologia.

Infine, l’app ELI LINK è una risposta al problema legato alla perdita del CD audio dello
studente o dei CD e DVD per la classe. Tutti i contenuti multimediali del corso sono
infatti sempre a disposizione con un semplice click dal proprio supporto mobile. Lancia l’app, inquadra le icone video
o audio presenti nella pagina
del volume cartaceo
Per maggiori informazioni sull’utilizzo di ELI LINK, si può visionare il video tutorial
all’indirizzo www.elilaspigaedizioni.it/elilink.

Accedi subito ai contenuti

audio e video collegati

I N TR O D U Z I O N E 27
 Le risorse online
Un ulteriore carattere di flessibilità è conferito ad Explore dalla presenza di un’area dedicata alle risorse online nel sito
www.elilaspigaedizioni.it. Ciò permetterà un continuo aggiornamento e arricchimento dei materiali didattici di supporto
al corso scaricabili gratuitamente, adeguati allo sviluppo continuo della realtà e degli obiettivi formativi della Scuola
Secondaria di secondo grado. Nel FLIP BOOK e sul sito www.elilaspigaedizioni.it, nella sezione dedicata a Explore,
l’insegnante ha infatti a disposizione materiale didattico supplementare e tutti gli audio in formato MP3.
Le schede di approfondimento, suddivise per unità, presentano nuovi spunti collegati a quanto già studiato nella
parte teorica e pratica e forniscono attività extra inerenti a testi e articoli presenti nel volume, riprendendo la stessa
struttura e tipologia di attività del libro di testo.
I rimandi alle schede di approfondimento sono indicati sia nel testo con l’icona che nella guida.
Sono online anche le soluzioni delle attività presenti nelle schede.

UNIT 1 UNIT 7
• Threats to tourism • The Marshall Plan
• Accessible tourism • Eating out in Italy
• An independent tour of Veneto
UNIT 2
• CRM UNIT 8
• Brand identity and building • The Industrial Revolution and the Victorian period
• Eating out in the UK
UNIT 3
• William Shakespeare and the Globe
• A day in the life of a travel agent
• CLIL — Georgian architecture
• Working in food and beverage
• Working abroad UNIT 9
• Slave trade
UNIT 4
• Eating out in the USA
• Itinerary — Study holiday
• Itinerary — Route 66
• Itinerary — Culinary tour
• Itinerary — Literary trail CLIL
• CLIL — Literature • Lady Chapel and Poets’ Corner
• A short history of Windsor Castle
UNIT 5
• Stratford-upon-Avon
• Lost luggage
• Greyhound

UNIT 6
• History of accommodation
• Things stolen from hotels

Explore – Prove d’Esame

Explore – Prove d’Esame è pensato in modo specifico per il V anno degli Istituti Tecnici, Settore Economico, indirizzo
Turismo. Il volume è incentrato sulla preparazione all’Esame di Stato e alla certificazione Cambridge English: First (FCE).

Il volume si organizza infatti in tre sezioni principali:

• Towards INVALSI offre esercizi di preparazione alla prova INVALSI suddivisi per livello (B1 e B2);
• Exam Practice prepara alla seconda prova scritta dell’Esame di Stato e si conclude con una sezione dedicata alla
stesura della relazione sull’esperienza Alternanza Scuola-Lavoro, con utili consigli pratici;
• First (FCE) Practice presenta una prova completa e utili consigli per affrontare con successo la certificazione
Cambridge English: First (FCE).
Le pagine conclusive ripropongono in modo schematico e riassuntivo le principali strutture comunicative e della
fraseologia turistica incontrate nel corso del volume Explore.

Le soluzioni del fascicolo Explore – Prove d’Esame si trovano all’interno di questa guida, mentre le tracce audio relative
alle attività di ascolto sono disponibili sul sito www.elilaspigaedizioni.it nella sezione dedicata a Explore.

28 IN TRO DUZI ON E
BES e inclusività 29
 INDICE
1. Carta d’identità dei BES 25
1.1 I Bisogni Educativi Speciali 25
1.2 Le macro aree di inclusione dei BES 26
1.3 Perché parliamo di BES 28

2. Come approcciarsi ai BES 30

2.1 Che cos’è il PDP 30
2.2 Chi sono gli attori 31
2.3 Come utilizzarlo 34
2.4 Contenuti e livelli di apprendimento da inserire nel PDP 34

3. Tra Didattica e Creatività: alla scoperta degli strumenti compensativi e dispensativi 37

3.1 Che cosa sono gli strumenti compensativi e dispensativi 37
3.2 Tabella di sintesi strumenti compensativi e misure dispensative 40

4. Due condizioni frequenti di Bisogni Educativi Speciali: DSA e ADHD 42

4.1 DSA: cosa sono, come riconoscerli, come approcciarli. 42
4.1.1 Che cosa sono i DSA? 42
4.1.2 Come riconoscerli? 44
4.1.3 Come approcciarli? 46
4.1.4 Gli strumenti compensativi 52
4.1.5 Le misure dispensative 54
4.2 ADHD: cosa sono, come riconoscerli, come approcciarli. 55
4.2.1 Che cosa sono gli ADHD? 55
4.2.2 Come riconoscerli? 57
4.2.3 Come approcciarli? 58
4.2.4 A scuola cosa si può fare dal punto di vista educativo? 60

5. Colpo d’occhio: Protocolli e Modelli 65

Modello di un PAI 65
Modello di un PDP 72

Bibliografia 91

30 BES e inclusività
 CARTA D’IDENTITÀ 1
Carta d’identità dei BES
1.1 I BISOGNI EDUCATIVI ambientale, culturale, ecc.) e che necessita di
educazione speciale individualizzata”.
SPECIALI
Si evince, dunque, come il concetto di Bisogno
Educativo Speciale poggi le basi su di una
“Ogni alunno, in continuità o per determinati dimensione e visione globale della per­
periodi, può manifestare Bisogni Educativi sona, che si accompagni efficacemente a
Speciali: o per motivi fisici, biologici, fisio- quella del modello ICF1 della classificazione
logici o anche per motivi psicologici, sociali, internazionale del funzionamento, disabilità
rispetto ai quali è necessario che le scuole
offrano adeguata e personalizzata risposta”
(Direttiva Ministeriale del 27 dicembre 2012).
1
Il 22 maggio 2001 l’Organizzazione Mondiale della
Sanità perviene alla stesura di uno strumento di clas-
La domanda iniziale che dobbiamo porci sificazione innovativo, multidisciplinare e dall’approc-
cio universale: “La Classificazione Internazionale del
è: CHE COSA SONO I BES?
Funzionamento, della Disabilità e della Salute”, denomi-
nato ICF. All’elaborazione di tale classificazione hanno
partecipato 192 governi che compongono l’Assemblea
Con la DM dello scorso 27 dicembre 2012, sopra
Mondiale della Sanità, tra cui l’Italia, che ha offerto un
in parte riportata e relativa ai Bisogni Educativi significativo contributo tramite una rete collaborativa
Speciali, il MIUR ha accolto gli orientamenti da informale denominata Disability Italian Network (DIN),
qualche tempo presenti in alcuni Paesi dell’U- costituita da 25 centri dislocati sul territorio nazionale e
nione Europea, che completano il quadro italia- coordinata dall’Agenzia regionale della Sanità del Friuli
Venezia Giulia. Scopo principale del DIN risulta essere
no dell’inclusione scolastica.
la diffusione degli strumenti elaborati dall’OMS e la
I Bisogni Educativi Speciali, cui ci si riferisce
formazione di operatori che si occupano di inserimen-
più comunemente con l’acronimo BES, inclu- to lavorativo dei diversamente abili, in collaborazione
dono tutte quelle condizioni fisiche, biolo­ con il Ministero del lavoro e delle politiche Sociali. L’ICF
giche, fisiologiche, psicologiche e sociali si delinea come una classificazione che vuole descri-
che richiedono un’analisi del bisogno, un’indi- vere lo stato di salute delle persone in relazione
ai loro ambiti esistenziali (sociale, familiare, lavorati-
viduazione delle problematiche, non disgiunta
vo), al fine di cogliere le difficoltà che nel contesto
dall’identificazione delle risorse specifiche del
socio-culturale di riferimento possono causare disabilità.
soggetto, cioè i suoi punti di forza. Tramite l’ICF si vuole, quindi, descrivere non le persone,
Il Bisogno Educativo Speciale, come spiega ma le loro situazioni di vita quotidiana in relazione al loro
Dario Ianes, include “qualsiasi difficoltà evolu- contesto ambientale e sottolineare l’individuo non solo
tiva, in ambito educativo, causata da un funzio- come persona avente malattie o disabilità, ma soprat-
tutto evidenziarne l’unicità e la globalità. Lo strumento
namento problematico per il soggetto in termini
descrive tali situazioni adottando un linguaggio standard
di danno, ostacolo al suo benessere, limitazione
ed unificato, cercando di evitare fraintendimenti seman-
della sua libertà e stigma sociale, indipen- tici e facilitando la comunicazione fra i vari utilizzatori in
dente dell’eziologia (bio-strutturale, familiare, tutto il mondo.

107

BES e inclusività 31
 1
e salute (International Classification of Tale legge è relativa al “riferimento legisla-
Functioning, Disability and Health), fon- tivo per l’assistenza, l’integrazione socia-
data sul profilo di funzionamento e sull’analisi le e i diritti delle persone handicappate”.
del contesto, come definito dall’Organizzazione Principali destinatari sono dunque i disabili,
Mondiale della Sanità (OMS, 2001). ma non mancano riferimenti anche a chi
Nei BES sono compresi perciò Bisogni Educativi vive con loro.
Speciali sia stabili (è il caso dei deficit che Il presupposto è infatti che l’autonomia
sono, di norma, un dato fisso), sia temporanei e l’integrazione sociale siano possibili da
(è il caso di tutte quelle condizioni di handicap raggiungere solo garantendo alla perso-
derivanti dai deficit che sono in dato sempre na handicappata e alla famiglia adeguato
riducibile, o anche problematiche emergenti in sostegno.
determinati periodi della vita, cfr. CM n. 8 del 6
marzo 2013).
qualificato per garantire alla persona con handicap il
diritto allo studio. Necessario, poi, estendere l’attività
educativa con proposte extrascolastiche.
1.2 LE MACRO AREE Istruzione come diritto dalla scuola materna fino all’u-
DI INCLUSIONE DEI BES niversità, ribadisce l’articolo 12. Tra i commi, si prevede
che per ogni studente con handicap venga realizzato
un profilo dinamico-funzionale. Questo, sulla base delle
Tracciare un profilo dettagliato di che cosa
caratteristiche fisiche, psichiche, sociali ed affettive
siano i Bisogni Educativi Speciali, significa
dell’alunno, mette in rilievo sia le difficoltà di apprendi-
focalizzare primariamente l’attenzione sulle mento dovute alla situazione di handicap, sia le possi-
aree che in essi possiamo rintracciare e che bilità di recupero, oltre alle capacità individuali che
qui di seguito saranno delineate. Le dimensioni devono essere sostenute e rafforzate.
considerate sono tre: Al ruolo degli insegnanti di sostegno e alle loro atti-
vità è dedicato l’articolo 14. Si punta l’attenzione
sull’importanza di un aggiornamento costante in
materia di handicap, come pure di un confronto tra
A) patologie con diagnosi clinica certifi- docenti del ciclo inferiore e superiore per agevolare
cata (Legge 104/92 e Legge 170); l’esperienza scolastica dello studente disabile. Gran
B) patologie su diagnosi non certificata; parte dell’articolo, poi, fornisce indicazioni sui piani
C) problematiche emerse a scuola. di studio che gli aspiranti docenti devono seguire per
essere abilitati all’attività didattica di sostegno.
Per quanto riguarda la valutazione dello studente, l’ar-
A) Patologie con diagnosi clinica certifi- ticolo 16 stabilisce che, nel piano educativo individualiz-
zato, devono essere indicati per quali discipline siano
cata (Legge 104/92 e Legge 170)
stati usati criteri didattici particolari e le eventuali attivi-
tà integrative e di sostegno. Lo stesso articolo si soffer-
n Disabilità, con attinenza alla Legge 104/922. ma poi sugli esami del rendimento dello studente.
Nella scuola dell’obbligo, si prevedono prove corri-
spondenti agli insegnamenti impartiti e in grado di
2
L’istruzione come tramite per l’integrazione sociale valutare il progresso dell’alunno in rapporto al suo
della persona handicappata. Lo si rimarca in diversi livello iniziale.
punti della legge 104/92. L’articolo 8, ad esempio, sot- Nella scuola secondaria di secondo grado, sono con-
tolinea l’importanza di disporre di adeguate dotazioni sentite prove equipollenti e, nel caso di quelle scritte,
didattiche e tecniche, prove di valutazione e personale tempi più lunghi.

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32 BES e inclusività
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n Disturbi Specifici dell’Apprendimento disturbi specifici di apprendimento in ambi-
(DSA), riconosciuti dalla Legge 8 ottobre to scolastico. I disturbi dell’apprendimento
2010, n. 170.3 Nuove norme in materia di comprendono:
4 Dislessia
4 Disortografia
3
Con la legge 8 ottobre 2010 n. 170 sono state dettate 4 Disgrafia
nuove norme in materia di disturbi specifici di appren- 4 Discalculia
dimento (DSA) in ambito scolastico. Sono inoltre state
introdotte, per la prima volta in un testo legislativo,
sia la definizione, di DSA, sia quella di dislessia, disor- B) Patologie su diagnosi non certificata
tografia, disgrafia e discalculia. La legge definisce la
dislessia come “un disturbo specifico che si manifesta n Disturbi specifici del linguaggio.
con una difficoltà nell’imparare a leggere, in particolare
n Disturbi della coordinazione motoria.
nella decifrazione dei segni linguistici, ovvero nella cor-
rettezza e nella rapidità della lettura”; la disortografia
n Disturbo dell’attenzione e iperattività.
come “un disturbo specifico di scrittura che si manifesta n Borderline cognitivi.
in difficoltà nei processi linguistici di transcodifica”; la
disgrafia come “un disturbo specifico di scrittura che
si manifesta in difficoltà nella realizzazione grafica”; la C) Problematiche emerse a scuola
discalculia come “un disturbo specifico che si manifesta
con una difficoltà negli automatismi del calcolo e dell’e- Parlare di problematiche che possono emer-
laborazione dei numeri”. gere in ambito scolastico significa aprire uno
In un recente passato, negli ambienti scolastici, gli spaccato che faccia riferimento a condizioni di
alunni con difficoltà relative alle abilità di lettura, di
difficoltà causate e derivate da:
scrittura o di calcolo, venivano soventemente eti-
n disagio;
chettati come soggetti con “mancanza di volontà e/o
impegno”, “pigri”, “senza interessi”, ecc. n assenze ripetute;
Le linee guida allegate al decreto attuativo della legge n svantaggio socio-culturale, linguistico,
170, emanato il 12.07.2011, invitano chi si relaziona socio-economico.
con questi disturbi per motivi professionali, a com-
prendere come il bambino con DSA abbia stili cogni-
L’individuazione dell’alunno come persona in
tivi che seguono modalità di apprendimento che non
sono quelle comuni. Un esempio citato dalle Linee situazione di BES, è compito sostanzialmente
guida è quello del turista che si trova in Paese stranie- di pertinenza pedagogica e non clinica, anche
ro e non ne conosce la lingua in uso: ”Immaginiamo di
trovarci in un posto con una lingua totalmente diversa
o che non riusciamo a ben comprendere. Sentiamo uno o più Disturbi specifici di apprendimento sono sog-
sorgere un senso di profondo disagio perché manca getti normodotati che, secondo le ricerche attualmente
una comunicazione completa, reale, intima. Ma riu- più accreditate, presentano un disturbo di origine neu-
sciamo a tranquillizzarci perché il nostro soggiorno robiologica, che ha matrice evolutiva e si mostra come
avrà termine e, con il rientro a casa, potremo tornare un’atipia dello sviluppo”. Si tratta di un disturbo che può
ad esprimerci, a parlare in rapporto allo stesso quadro presentarsi isolatamente o insieme agli altri (in tal caso
di riferimento, a trovare uno scambio vero, uno scam- si parla di “comorbidità”), che è “modificabile attraverso
bio pieno. Pensiamo invece al disagio di questi bambini interventi mirati”. In questo contesto alla scuola viene
che non possono tornare a casa, in un mondo dove assegnato il compito fondamentale di effettuare, attra-
devono rincorrere punti di riferimento…che rimangono verso l’osservazione, l’identificazione dei casi sospetti e
stranieri, soprattutto se noi siamo per loro stranieri, la conseguente messa in atto delle attività di recupero
chiudendoci nell’incomprensione. I bambini affetti da didattico mirato.

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BES e inclusività 33
 1
se si è in possesso di una diagnosi e/o certifi- di particolari bisogni educativi definiti con l’ag-
cazione specialistica. Diviene, quindi, preroga- gettivo specifico di “speciali”?
tiva della scuola la quale è dunque chiamata a La risposta la si può fornire solo ancorando il
rispondere ai bisogni di individualizzazione e nostro argomentare ad una ben precisa e det-
di personalizzazione in base alle caratteristiche tagliata normativa, che ci fa capire come sia
individuali, sociali o funzionali degli studenti. davvero giunto il momento di porre in essere
A quanti ritengono sia possibile avere a dispo- una didattica INCLUSIVA.
sizione un vademecum, una sorta di manuale Il 27 dicembre 2012 è stata diramata la Direttiva
enciclopedico da sfogliare e in cui trovare un concernente gli “strumenti d’intervento per
preciso ed esaustivo elenco delle situazioni che alunni con Bisogni Educativi Speciali e organiz-
costituiscono e si confanno alla categoria così zazione territoriale per l’inclusione scolastica”,
ampia e sfaccettata dei BES, è doveroso dire che delinea e precisa la strategia inclusiva della
come ciò non sia realizzabile, se non nella fat- scuola italiana, al fine di realizzare il diritto
tispecie dell’individuazione e lettura delle tipo- all’apprendimento per tutti gli alunni e per tutti
logie presenti nella DM del 27 dicembre 2012 e gli studenti in situazione di difficoltà.
nella successiva CM n. 8 del 6 marzo 2013, cui Iniziamo proprio dal riportare quanto esplicitato
rimandiamo per un approfondito consulto e che nel contenuto della DM del 27 dicembre 2012:
afferiscono alle dimensioni sopra enunciate.
La direttiva MIUR ha riconosciuto ufficialmen-
te, per la prima volta, che nei BES rientrano “Ogni alunno, con continuità o per deter-
la disabilità “ufficiale”, i Disturbi Specifici di minati periodi, può manifestare Bisogni
Apprendimento, ma anche lo svantaggio socio- Educativi Speciali: o per motivi fisici,
economico e culturale, le difficoltà derivanti biologici, fisiologici o anche per motivi psi-
dalla non conoscenza della lingua italiana, in cologici, sociali, rispetto ai quali è necessa-
presenza di alunni appartenenti a culture ed rio che le scuole offrano adeguata e perso-
etnie differenti. nalizzata risposta.
Alla scuola è perciò data la responsabilità di Va quindi potenziata la cultura dell’inclu-
affrontare e prendersi cura, quotidianamente, sione, e ciò anche mediante un approfon-
di un’ampia gamma di criticità: ogni giorno dimento delle relative competenze degli
essa è chiamata a individualizzare e personaliz- insegnanti curricolari, finalizzata ad una
zare l’intervento didattico e di apprendimento, più stretta interazione tra tutte le compo-
venendo a contatto con alunni che presentano nenti della comunità educante”.
Bisogni Educativi Speciali e che per questo
hanno a loro volta necessità di attenzione
speciale nel complessivo percorso scolastico e Con la CM n. 8 del 6 marzo 2013 sono state
pedagogico. poi diramate le “Indicazioni operative”.

n Essa specifica che:

1.3 PERCHÉ PARLIAMO DI BES A. La Direttiva del 27 dicembre 2012 ridefi-
nisce e completa il tradizionale approc-
Si può partire da un interrogativo iniziale: per- cio all’integrazione scolastica, basato
ché in ambito scolastico si è iniziato a parlare sulla certificazione della disabilità, esten-

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34 BES e inclusività
 1
dendo il campo di intervento e di respon- pito di elaborare una proposta di Piano
sabilità di tutta la comunità educante Annuale per l’Inclusione (PAI) riferito a
all’intera area dei BES, comprendente: tutti gli alunni con BES.
4 svantaggio sociale e culturale; 4 L’inserimento nel POF della scuola di un
4 disturbi specifici di apprendimento concreto impegno programmatico per
e/o disturbi evolutivi specifici, diffi- l’inclusione.
coltà derivanti dalla non conoscenza 4 Il compito doveroso dei Consigli di clas-
della cultura e della lingua italiana se è indicare in quali altri casi sia oppor-
perché appartenenti a culture diverse. tuna e necessaria l’adozione di una indi­
vidualizzazione e personalizzazione
La Direttiva del 27 dicembre 2012 estende a tutti della didattica ed eventualmente di
gli studenti in difficoltà il diritto alla persona- misure compensative o dispensative,
lizzazione dell’apprendimento, richiamandosi nella prospettiva di una presa in carico
espressamente ai principi enunciati dalla Legge globale ed inclusiva di tutti gli alunni.
53/2003 (“Delega al Governo per la definizione 4 Strumento privilegiato è il percorso indivi-
delle norme generali sull’istruzione e dei livel- dualizzato e personalizzato, redatto in un
li essenziali delle prestazioni in materia di Piano Didattico Personalizzato (PDP),
istruzione e formazione professionale”).4 che ha lo scopo di definire, monitorare
e documentare, secondo un’elaborazione
n Essa prefigura: collegiale, corresponsabile e partecipata,
4 L’attivazione del Gruppo di lavoro e di le strategie di intervento più idonee e i cri-
studio d’Istituto (GLHI) che assume la teri di valutazione degli apprendimenti.
denominazione di Gruppo di Lavoro per
l’Inclusione (GLI), con il preciso com- Si dà atto di come la DM del 27 dicembre
2012 abbia la finalità di potenziare la cultura
dell’inclusione per realizzare il diritto all’ap-
4
Con la legge 28 marzo 2003 n. 53, il Parlamento ha
prendimento per tutti gli studenti con difficoltà
delegato il Governo ad introdurre, entro il termine
di 24 mesi dalla sua entrata in vigore, una disciplina
di apprendimento, dunque, di dare avvio ad
diretta a riformare integralmente la scuola dell’obbligo. una scuola che sia di tutti e, prima ancora, una
Obiettivo della legge n. 53/2003 è, infatti, quello di scuola per tutti, nella quale gli stili di appren-
garantire a tutti il diritto all’istruzione e alla forma- dimento siano adattati a modello dei bisogni
zione per almeno dodici anni o, comunque, sino al speciali emergenti negli alunni.
conseguimento di una qualifica entro il diciottesimo
anno di età. Tale diritto si realizza nel primo ciclo
del sistema dell’istruzione (scuola primaria + scuola
Le norme di riferimento, cui si rimanda per
secondaria di primo grado) e nel secondo ciclo (licei approfondimenti, sono:
+ istruzione e formazione professionale) e si propo- 1. L 104/1992 (disabilità);
ne, con ciò, lo scopo di risolvere il problema della 2. DPR 275/99 artt 1 e 2 (autonomia didattica);
dispersione scolastica e formativa e di guidare i gio- 3. L 53/2003 (personalizzazione degli apprendi-
vani verso una scelta professionale nell’espletamento
menti);
del diritto-dovere di istruzione e/o formazione.
La legge si rivolge a tutti i giovani che debbano iniziare,
4. DPCM 185/2006 (collegio d’accertamento)
proseguire o concludere il percorso d’istruzione e for- 5. L 170/2010 (DSA);
mazione professionale entro il diciottesimo anno d’età. 6. DM 5669/2011 (linee guida DSA).

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BES e inclusività 35
 2 COME APPROCCIARSI AI BES
Come approcciarsi ai BES
2.1 CHE COS’È IL PDP problematicità, a raggiungere i massimi risultati
possibili nelle diverse aree e, infine, ad esprimere
Nella CM n. 8 del 6 marzo 2013, che richiama al meglio le proprie potenzialità nell’ottica della
la Direttiva del 27 dicembre 2012, si legge: “gli costruzione di un proprio progetto di vita.
studenti in difficoltà hanno diritto alla perso-
nalizzazione degli apprendimenti” così come
previsto dalla Legge 53/2003. “La DM del 27 dicembre 2012 estende
Ogni azione educativa progettata e concretiz- pertanto a tutti gli studenti in difficoltà il
zata in ambito scolastico da ciascun docente, diritto alla personalizzazione dell’appren-
deve tentare di partire da una lettura pedago- dimento, richiamandosi espressamente ai
gica della norma, con particolare riferimento a: principi enunciati dalla Legge 53/2003.
Fermo restando l’obbligo di presentazione
n L. 53/2003, art. 1: “favorire la crescita e la delle certificazioni per l’esercizio dei dirit-
valorizzazione della persona umana, nel ti conseguenti alle situazioni di disabilità
rispetto dei ritmi dell’età evolutiva, delle e di DSA, è compito doveroso dei Consigli
differenze e dell’identità di ciascuno e delle di classe o dei team dei docenti nelle scuole
scelte della famiglia”; primarie, indicare in quali altri casi sia
n L. 53/2003, art. 2: “promuovere l’apprendi- opportuna e necessaria l’adozione di una
mento in tutto l’arco della vita e assicurare individualizzazione e personalizzazione
a tutti pari opportunità […] di sviluppare della didattica ed eventualmente di misure
le capacità e le competenze, attraverso le compensative o dispensative, nella pro-
conoscenze e le abilità […] in coerenza con spettiva di una presa in carico globale ed
le attitudini e le scelte personali”. inclusiva di tutti gli alunni.”

La prospettiva dell’individualizzazione e per-

sonalizzazione, che evidenzia l’unicità di ogni
studente, con le sue peculiari caratteristiche “Strumento privilegiato è il percor-
d’apprendimento non standardizzabili e il suo
so individualizzato e personaliz-
diritto ad essere accompagnato alla piena rea-
zato, redatto in un Piano Didattico
lizzazione di se stesso, è principio di riferimen-
Personalizzato (PDP), che ha lo scopo
to fondamentale per tutta l’azione didattica, al
di definire, monitorare e documentare
di là delle specifiche situazioni di difficoltà.
– secondo un’elaborazione collegiale,
Quest’ultime, tuttavia, richiedono un innalza-
corresponsabile e partecipata – le stra-
mento dell’attenzione che si concretizza con
tegie di intervento più idonee e i criteri
l’attuazione di diverse strategie, che aiutino il
singolo alunno a raggiungere gli obiettivi ritenuti di valutazione degli apprendimenti”.
indispensabili per tutti, attraverso la definizione (CM del 6 marzo 2013)
di tempi e modi in sintonia con le sue capacità e

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36 BES e inclusività
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Che cosa dovrà fare la scuola di fronte ad un la famiglia dell’alunno stesso ha acquisito in
alunno con un Bisogno Educativo Speciale, seguito ad una diagnosi o altra documentazio-
in quale direzione dovrà muovere i suoi passi, ne clinica. Compito fondamentale della scuo-
come dovrà attivarsi? la in questa condizione sarà quello di valutare
l’effettiva ricaduta sui bisogni educativi.
La CM del 6 marzo 2013 è molto chiara e spe- 4 Il Consiglio di Classe delibera l’attivazio-
cifica: di fronte alla segnalazione specialistica ne del percorso individualizzato e perso-
di un alunno con Bisogni Educativi Speciali nalizzato, dando dunque luogo al PDP.
certificati e non, è dovere delle SCUOLE e degli
INSEGNANTI redigere un Piano Didattico b) su decisione della scuola (senza diagnosi
Personalizzato (PDP) dell’allievo, che è la o certificazione): è la scuola che autono-
trasformazione in atto concreto del suo diritto a mamente si attiva con decisione del CdC
ricevere il tipo di istruzione adatto alle proprie o team docenti, in seguito ad un’attenta e
specifiche condizioni. mirata osservazione del gruppo classe, par-
Il primo passo da compiere è dunque quello di tendo dai bisogni educativi emersi e dalla
elaborare un percorso individualizzato e perso- primaria occorrenza di dare formalizzazione
nalizzato. Questo può riferirsi al singolo alunno ad un percorso che sia personalizzato.
con BES o al gruppo di alunni della classe con Lo scopo di tale peculiarità concessa al
BES. Tale strumento importante e imprenscin- team docenti è da rintracciarsi in uno scopo
dibile serve ai docenti come piano di lavoro da assai rilevante e significativo: offrire oppor-
predisporre e con cui confrontarsi per la durata tunità, strumenti e percorsi formativi vari,
dell’intero anno scolastico e assolve altresì alla ampi, flessibili, individualizzati, percorsi che
funzione di condividere con le famiglie le strate- non scadano nel disagevole abbassamento
gie di intervento individuate ed attuate. delle offerte didattiche ma che, di converso,
La CM n. 8 del 6 marzo 2013 prefigura il PDP abbiano l’esigenza primaria di curvare e
come strumento avente lo scopo primo di defi- plasmare i programmi scolastici ed i suoi
nire, monitorare e documentare, secondo un’e- metodi alle particolari esigenze dell’alunno,
laborazione collegiale, corresponsabile e parte- siano esse stabili o transitorie.
cipata, le strategie di intervento più idonee ed i 4 Il Consiglio di Classe avrà premura e
criteri di valutazione degli apprendimenti. dovere di motivare opportunamente e
tramite stesura di relativo verbale, le
decisioni assunte sulla base di conside-
razioni pedagogiche e didattiche, al fine
2.2 CHI SONO GLI ATTORI diretto di evitare ogni tipo di contenzioso
passibile di emergere.
I protagonisti del PDP sono:
n Scuola
n Famiglia In entrambi i casi il PDP deve essere
firmato dalla famiglia.
Si parta da una premessa. Un alunno con BES
può essere individuato:
a) in base ad una diagnosi: il Consiglio di Il ruolo del CdC nella scuola secondaria o del
Classe (CdC) o team docenti individua un team docenti nella scuola primaria, assume
alunno BES partendo dalle informazioni che una rilevanza ancora più marcata per effetto

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BES e inclusività 37
 2
dunque della CM 8 del 2013, poiché si ribadisce È importante per questo che le figure edu-
la funzione di individuare i casi riconducibili ad cative, insegnanti in primis, riscoprano e
una definizione di BES e di adottare le conse- valorizzino le proprie aree di competenza
guenti strategie didattiche (PDP). Ogni docente tracciando un confine chiaro tra clinico che
del CdC o del team docenti è corresponsabile non spetta certamente loro e che non proce-
del PDP; ciò significa che il PDP è il risultato de automaticamente all’azione pedagogica e
di una progettualità condivisa a livello di di osservazione funzionale e didattico-peda-
consiglio di classe. gogica che fa parte della vocazione tipica di
chi insegna ed educa. È chiaro, poi, come
sia necessaria un’integrazione tra l’aspetto
Quali sono i compiti del CdC o del team clinico e pedagogico, ma dentro una cornice
docenti? chiara sul “chi fa cosa”, evitando così con-
fusioni di ruoli, invasioni di campo e anche
1) Verificare il bisogno di un intervento didatti- aspettative proprie.
co fortemente personalizzato: 3) Elaborare in modo collegiale e corresponsa-
4 esaminare la documentazione clinica bile il PDP, puntando non sulla quantità di
(dei servizi pubblici o dei centri privati dispense e di compensazioni, ma sulla loro
accreditati) presentata dalla famiglia; effettiva pertinenza ed efficacia nel proces-
4 esaminare qualsiasi altro documento (ad so di apprendimento strettamente personale
esempio relazioni degli specialisti clinici, di ciascuno studente e su criteri d’azione
dei servizi sociali, lettere di segnalazione e di valutazione condivisi fattivamente dai
di disagio provenienti da chiunque pur- docenti.
ché verificata…); A tale riguardo si ribadisce come sia impre-
4 prendere in considerazione ogni situazio- scindibile e assolutamente necessaria la fase
ne che necessita di un possibile interven- dell’osservazione dei processi di appren-
to di tipo pedagogico-didattico e che, pur dimento da parte dell’insegnante (quindi
in assenza di documentazione clinica o anche la loro conoscenza), possibilmente
diagnosi, motiva l’assunzione delle stesse. con il sostegno di figure pedagogiche, sia
2) Deliberare l’adozione da parte dei docenti di riguardo i punti di forza che quelli di debo-
strategie didattiche personalizzate (soprat- lezza, per evitare che dispense e compensi
tutto per favorire lo sviluppo di abilità), siano applicati tout-court senza una rifles-
di modalità di insegnamento inclusive e di sione sugli aspetti funzionali e disfunzionali
misure dispensative e inoltre stabilire l’uso dei singoli casi. Purtroppo, invece, questo
di strumenti compensativi da parte degli non di rado accade quando a prescriver-
studenti. Rispetto alle misure dispensative, li sono professionisti che non dovrebbero
si raccomanda un’attenta riflessione. occuparsi di ciò, ma chi se ne deve occupare
Va rilevato come dispense e compensi siano non se ne occupa.
una scelta didattico-metodologica di pertinen-
za e di competenza dei docenti e delle figure Si ricorda che è stata la Legge 170/2010 e il
educative in genere, e non riguardino una successivo decreto attuativo (DM 5669/2011) ad
prescrizione fornita dalle figure sanitarie, che introdurre in modo ufficiale il PDP come “vin-
si occupano di diagnosi clinica e riabilitazione colo e opportunità” pedagogica e didattica per
e non di pedagogia speciale e di didattica. gli allievi con Disturbo Specifico dell’Apprendi-

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38 BES e inclusività
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Proposta di procedura:

Analisi della classe

Settembre
Ottobre
Individuazione BES

Predisposizione PEI
Ottobre
Predisposizione PDP per alunni DSA
Novembre
Predisposizione PDP per alunni BES

Novembre
Dicembre
Gennaio
Attivazione Piani
Febbraio
Marzo
Aprile
Maggio

Monitoraggio abilità strumentali

Maggio
Giugno
Valutazione efficacia Piani

Disciplina Misure Strumenti Strategie Obiettivi didattici Parametri di

o ambito dispensative compensativi didattiche personalizzati valutazione
disciplinare inclusive se necessari
(conoscenze/
competenze)
MATERIA
………......................…………

Firma docente:
………......................…………

MATERIA
………......................…………

Firma docente:
………......................…………

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BES e inclusività 39
 2
mento. La direttiva BES lo richiama come stru- errato, l’altro da considerarsi come specifica e
mento di lavoro in itinere per i docenti, con la corretta base da cui partire per redigere e pro-
funzione di documentare e condividere con le grammare un PDP.
famiglie le strategie di intervento programmate.
Si ritiene che il suo impiego possa aiutare a pensa-
1. Questo alunno è BES, DUNQUE la
re e progettare azioni mirate e specifiche (di indi-
scuola deve predisporre un PDP.
vidualizzazione e personalizzazione), sulla base
delle variegate situazioni personali e ambientali. 2. Questo alunno è BES PERCHÉ secondo
Pertanto, come già evidenziato, l’elaborazione la scuola (o in seguito a diagnosi o cer-
di un PDP deve avvenire dopo un’attenta analisi tificazione) ha bisogno di un PDP.
della situazione dell’alunno fatta attraverso la
lettura delle indicazioni fornite da chi ha redat- Si sintetizzano, di seguito, le fasi di costruzione
to la segnalazione, da quelle pervenute dalla del PDP.
famiglia e sempre dai risultati dell’irrinunciabi- 1. Segnalazione al CdC o team docenti o sua
le lavoro di osservazione condotto a scuola da rilevazione autonoma, condivisione del pro-
ogni singolo insegnante su ogni singolo alunno. blema e valutazione del bisogno attraverso
In questa fase vanno accertati gli effettivi livelli documentazione clinica o altra rilevazione;
di riuscita, individuando le difficoltà ed i punti 2. Definizione dei livelli di apprendimento
di forza. Secondo l’ottica ICF, è anche necessa- nelle diverse discipline e individuazione
rio interrogarsi su quanto l’ambiente scolastico delle difficoltà e dei punti di forza;
costituisca una barriera o faciliti l’attività di 3. Definizione condivisa delle strategie
apprendimento e di partecipazione sociale. d’intervento, dei tempi, scelta della meto-
Lo scopo principale rintracciabile nell’impor- dologia di lavoro, degli strumenti compen-
tante e complesso gesto racchiuso nell’azione sativi e delle misure dispensative (indicando
di predisposizione di un PDP, sarà dunque se hanno carattere stabile o transitorio);
quello di offrire maggiori opportunità forma- 4. Comunicazione e condivisione con la
tive attraverso la flessibilità dei percorsi, non famiglia delle strategie d’intervento e dei
certo, nella maggioranza dei casi, di abbas­ tempi di verifica del Piano.
sare i livelli di apprendimento.
Il PDP rappresenta pertanto uno strumento in
più per curvare la metodologia didattica alle 2.4 CONTENUTI E LIVELLI
esigenze dell’alunno, o meglio alla sua perso- DI APPRENDIMENTO
na, rimettendo all’esclusiva discrezionalità dei
DA INSERIRE NEL PDP
docenti la decisione in ordine alle scelte didat-
tiche, ai percorsi da seguire e alle ineliminabili Nelle diverse discipline o ambiti di studio è di
modalità di valutazione. primaria importanza dare rilievo agli step di
apprendimento che, durante il percorso scola-
stico, sono stati raggiunti dall’alunno BES.
2.3 COME UTILIZZARLO Ragguardevole è capire come quest’ultimo si
approcci allo studio, quali le metodologie di
Prima di visionare una proposta di procedura in apprendimento attivate e privilegiate.
caso di presenza di alunno BES, esponiamo qui I docenti che si avventurano in tale viaggio
di seguito due modi di intendere il PDP, l’uno debbono ben equipaggiarsi utilizzando stru-

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40 BES e inclusività
 2
menti specifici, strutturati, che non siano il n La dispensa va ridotta al minimo quan-
mero e fuorviante frutto solo di una didattica do possibile, puntando all’estinzione e
creativa, personale e soggettiva, ma che scatu- prevedendo, per le attività importanti,
riscano dal lavoro di professionisti specializ- un’efficace alternativa.
zati in tali discipline e materie. Si può osser- n L’intervento didattico è e deve rimanere
vare un alunno e comprendere i suoi punti di lo strumento e l’intervento primario e
forza e debolezza, le sue strategie funzionali o prioritario.
disfunzionali, solo guidati ed amministrati da n Contiene dati sensibili, va dunque gestito
un’osservazione sistematica, da uno sguardo ed utilizzato come tale conservandolo in
attento che sappia dove dirigersi perché orien- un luogo riservato ed accessibile solo al
tato nelle sue traiettorie da griglie di osserva- personale autorizzato. Qualsiasi copia
zione messe a punto da studiosi e cultori del del documento è severamente vietata.
settore o anche dagli stessi insegnanti compe- n Rappresenta uno strumento di lavoro
tenti nelle specifiche materie e sempre attenti importante e fondamentale e, in quanto
a tutti i processi sociali, culturali e relazionali tale, deve essere consultato dal team
degli alunni. docente durante l’intero corso ed evol-
A partire da questo atteggiamento di estrema versi dell’anno scolastico.
professionalità e serietà, sarà cura dei docenti
far prendere consapevolezza agli studenti delle Il PDP può/deve essere modificato ogni qual-
strategie di studio disfunzionali, implementan- volta sia segnalato un cambiamento nei bisogni
do quelle funzionali. Importante sarà aprire una o difficoltà dell’alunno; può avere il carattere
comunicazione diretta e reciproca con l’alunno della temporaneità, ossia può essere utilizzato
che manifesta un Bisogno Educativo Speciale, fino a quando le difficoltà e i bisogni dello stu-
per scoprire e sperimentare con lui il modus dente non siano risolti (es. alunni neo arrivati in
operandi più vicino e adatto alle sue esigenze Italia, patologie temporanee, ecc…).
e capacità. Per alcune situazioni connesse allo svantaggio
Da qui sarà possibile avviare un discorso speci- socio-economico e culturale, è proprio oppor-
fico che entri nel cuore dei contenuti del PDP. tuno che abbia, secondo la circolare, il caratte-
re di temporaneità.
A. Il PDP deve contenere indicazioni: La Direttiva individua anche la possibilità di
n significative una progettazione più centrata sulla classe, con
n ealistiche l’individuazione di uno specifico piano per tutti
n coerenti gli alunni con BES, focalizzando l’attenzione
n concrete sulle strategie inclusive.
n verificabili
Il PDP è firmato dal Dirigente Scolastico o
B. Il PDP NON È un elenco di strumenti com- da un docente delegato, dai docenti del CdC e
pensativi e misure dispensative. dalla famiglia. Nel caso, poi, di studenti mag-
n Gli strumenti compensativi vanno indivi- giorenni la normativa prevede che gli stessi
duati e creati al fine di implementare le sottoscrivano il proprio PDP.
competenze dell’alunno per cui è stato
predisposto e per sviluppare livelli più La sottoscrizione del PDP rende evidente
elevati di autonomia dello stesso. la corresponsabilità nel percorso educativo:

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BES e inclusività 41
 2
- del Dirigente in qualità di garante dell’ap- l’elaborazione di tale strumento non sia vissuta
plicazione della normativa; come semplice adempimento burocratico, ma
- di tutti i docenti quali responsabili delle come opportunità per ragionare sulle difficoltà
strategie didattiche e dei criteri di valutazio- dello studente e sulle rispettive strategie da
ne degli apprendimenti; utilizzare.
- della famiglia come corresponsabile della Al di là degli interventi formalmente definiti, vi
stesura e applicazione del PDP. è, infatti, una logica di personalizzazione/indivi-
Nel caso in cui la famiglia non partecipi alla dualizzazione, che si presenta come una normale
stesura del PDP, la scuola deve acquisire agli azione didattica deliberata dal CdC o team e che
atti la firma per presa visione oppure redigere si declina attraverso un insieme di attenzioni e
un verbale di presentazione. strategie la cui attuazione rientra nell’ordinario
esercizio della funzione educativa dell’insegnan-
È bene tenere presente che il PDP è solo te e non richiede l’acquisizione da parte della
uno degli strumenti operativi utilizzabili dai famiglia di un’autorizzazione ufficiale.
docenti nel porre in essere l’azione pedago-
gico-didattica; essi devono sempre mettere In ultima analisi, un PDP può dirsi ed essere
gli alunni nelle condizioni di apprendere, efficace SOLO SE riuscirà a rendere pla­
trovando per ognuno di loro l’appropriata smabili e modellabili i procedimenti edu­
strategia didattica ed educativa. cativi ed applicativi degli insegnanti e, per
ciò che concerne la loro sfera di competen­
Si ribadisce, come già detto, l’importanza che za, della famiglia dell’alunno.

I contenuti del PDP per i BES

Dati anagrafici Risorse Indicazioni

dell’alunno dell’allievo significative
Tipologia di disturbo. Stile di apprendimento. Realistiche.
Attività didattiche Interessi ed hobby. Concrete.
individualizzate e Attività in cui è bravo. Coerenti.
personalizzate calibrate
Difficoltà percepite. Verificabili.
sui livelli minimi attesi
per le competenze in uscita. Riflessione metacognitiva sulle difficoltà.
Strumenti compensativi Come si organizza nello studio a casa.
utilizzati: solo in caso Quante ore sono dedicate allo studio.
di reale necessità.
Chi lo aiuta e per quali materie.
Misure dispensative utilizzate:
solo in caso di reale necessità.
Forme di verifica
e valutazione personalizzate.

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42 BES e inclusività
TRA DIDATTICA E CREATIVITÀ 3
Alla scoperta degli strumenti
compensativi e dispensativi
3.1 CHE COSA SONO GLI Ora si deduce come l’itinerario da perseguire
sia adattare piuttosto che, in modo riduttivo,
STRUMENTI COMPENSATIVI
facilitare.
E DISPENSATIVI
Prima di fornire una descrizione di ciò che
Facilitare o adattare? intendiamo parlando di strumenti compensati-
Iniziando la trattazione relativa al cosa siano vi e dispensativi, è importante partire da una
e quali siano gli strumenti compensativi e le riflessione: per giungere all’obiettivo di piani-
misure dispensative, appare necessario focaliz- ficare una didattica individualizzata e persona-
zare l’attenzione sulla questione fondamentale lizzata alle esigenze e ai bisogni degli alunni, è
della funzione e della ragione d’utilizzo di tali importante assumere ed adottare una modalità
“protesi didattiche”. di pensiero e azione che muova i suoi passi
Si parta da una semplice e fondamentale affer- in una dimensione scientificamente creativa,
mazione: in linea generale agli alunni BES non quindi prima rigorosa e poi capace di inventiva.
ci si approccia seguendo un percorso didattico Per intenderci: è fondamentale avviare sull’a-
ridotto, alleggerito o facilitato. La scuola ha lunno un’osservazione sistematica e validata,
l’onere di sagomare il programma di studio ancorata anzitutto alla conoscenza dei processi
in base e secondo le particolari esigenze o di apprendimento, poi agli indici, criteri ed
bisogni speciali che ciascun alunno esprime e assunti pedagogicamente sostenuti. Tale punto
presenta. Abbiamo già detto che questo signi- di partenza permetterà di comprendere e valu-
fica osservare, analizzare, proporre, creare, tare quali siano i mattoni mancanti o fragili che
pianificare e predisporre non una scuola per impediscono allo studente di edificare il suo
tutti, bensì una scuola per ciascuno. edificio, quali quelli solidi in grado di sostenere
Riuscire a raggiungere tale obiettivo si può, saldamente la struttura.
mettendo in campo strategie e misure modella- Solo dalla dimensione di osservazione scientifi-
te su misura delle personali situazioni. ca, ci si può orientare, in uno step successivo,
Non esiste in alcuna libreria un vademecum o ad una dimensione più sconfinata e meno strut-
un’enciclopedia che proponga un accostamento turata qual è quella creativa.
biunivoco tra strumento compensativo e speci- Parlare di didattica creativa non significa, dun-
fica categoria di disagio. Fondamentale è parti- que, riferirsi ad un metodo di insegnamento
re da un assunto: osservare per comprendere i soggettivo, privo di qualsivoglia fondamento
punti di debolezza e di forza dell’alunno, le sue validato; la didattica creativa, solo se fondata
risorse e da lì partire per adattare i compiti agli su criteri scientifici, rappresenta uno strumento
stili di apprendimento degli studenti, conce- potente, illimitato, variegato, capace di pla-
dendo varietà ed opzioni nei materiali e nelle smarsi ed assumere forme infinite, capace di
strategie d’insegnamento. cucire un abito a misura di ciascun alunno.

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BES e inclusività 43
 3
Ogni insegnante ha, adottando il punto di vista
poc’anzi espresso, la possibilità, se pur gravosa
La Direttiva e la Circolare sui BES preci-
ed impegnativa, di elaborare, creare, progettare
sano che:
strumenti che favoriscano, sostengano e inco-
“le scuole, con determinazioni assunte dai
raggino il raggiungimento degli obiettivi didat-
consigli di classe, risultanti dall’esame
tici nel corso della carriera scolastica.
della documentazione clinica presentata
Fornire un elenco di misure compensative non
dalle famiglie e sulla base di considerazioni
esaurisce e non esula dalla possibilità di porre
di carattere psico-pedagogico e didattico,
in essere strumenti creati e studiati per colma-
possono avvalersi per tutti gli alunni con
re il bisogno speciale identificato nell’alunno
bisogni educativi speciali degli strumenti
BES.
compensativi e delle misure dispensative
Le misure dispensative e gli strumenti com-
previste dalle disposizioni attuative della
pensativi sono dunque strategie che aiuta-
L. 170/2010 (DM 5669/2011)”.
no l’alunno BES a ridurre gli effetti del
suo disturbo, predisponendo una modalità di
apprendimento più adatta alle sue caratteri- Alla luce delle disposizioni sopra richiamate è
stiche, senza peraltro facilitargli il compito il CdC con il team docenti deputato a determi-
dal punto di vista cognitivo, salvo che non si nare gli strumenti compensativi più efficaci per
tratti di un soggetto con ritardo cognitivo (di l’apprendimento dell’alunno. È bene che l’uso
norma segnalato con la Legge 104) e border- degli strumenti compensativi, previsti dalla
line cognitivo (spesso non segnalato, ma di norma, sia concordato con la famiglia e/o con
frequente in possesso di una relazione clinica l’alunno. Nel caso di studente maggiorenne
che necessita anche di operare per raggiun- tale azione è fondamentale perché finalizzata a
gere obiettivi realistici di apprendimento, in responsabilizzarlo e a renderlo protagonista del
alcuni casi minimi). suo apprendimento.
Apriamo ora uno spiraglio di carattere norma- In particolare gli strumenti compensativi con-
tivo: sentono all’alunno di controbilanciare le
carenze funzionali determinate dal disturbo,
permettendogli di svolgere la parte “automati-
La Legge 170/2010, art. 5, lettera “b” richia- ca” della consegna, concentrando l’attenzione
ma le Istituzioni scolastiche all’obbligo di quindi sui compiti cognitivi più complessi.
garantire: Strumenti compensativi e misure dispensa-
“l’introduzione di strumenti compensa- tive non intervengono perciò direttamente
tivi, compresi i mezzi di apprendimento sul contenuto, ma possono avere importanti
alternativi e le tecnologie informatiche, ripercussioni su di esso, migliorando le abilità
nonché misure dispensative da alcune procedurali della velocità e della correttez-
prestazioni non essenziali ai fini della za dell’esecuzione della prestazione richiesta
qualità dei concetti da apprendere”. dall’insegnante. A titolo esemplificativo si cita-
no: la tavola pitagorica, la tabella delle misure
e delle formule, la calcolatrice, il PC, i dizionari
di lingua straniera computerizzati, tabelle, tra-
duttori, ecc.

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44 BES e inclusività
 3
Le misure dispensative invece evitano allo n la dispensa dalla scrittura veloce sotto det-
studente di cimentarsi in forme di attività che tatura, ecc.
sono destinate al sicuro fallimento, indipen-
dentemente dall’impegno del soggetto, poiché È bene rilevare che in ogni caso, non si potrà
minate dal disturbo. A titolo esemplificativo accedere alla dispensa dalle prove scritte di
si citano: tempi più lunghi per le prove scritte lingua straniera se non in presenza di uno
e lo studio, mediante un’adeguata organizza- specifico disturbo clinicamente diagnosticato,
zione degli spazi ed un flessibile raccordo tra secondo quanto previsto dall’art. 6 del DM n.
gli insegnanti; organizzazione di interrogazioni 5669 del 12 luglio 2011.
programmate, assegnazione di compiti a casa In sintesi: gli STRUMENTI COMPENSA­
in misura ridotta, esonero della lingua straniera TIVI sono strumenti che permettono di aggi-
in forma scritta… rare la debolezza funzionale derivante dal
In particolare per gli alunni che sperimenta- disturbo, facilitando l’esecuzione dei compiti
no difficoltà derivanti dalla non conoscenza automatici (“apprendimenti procedurali bassi,
della lingua italiana è possibile adottare misure non intelligenti”) compromessi dal disturbo
dispensative come ad esempio: specifico, proprio come un paio di occhiali
n la dispensa dalla lettura ad alta voce; permette al miope di leggere ciò che è scritto
n la dispensa da attività ove la lettura è valu- sulla lavagna.
tata; Per esempio, se un alunno non riesce a memo-

Approfondimento: valutazioni e verifiche

1. Alunni con disabilità Condizioni dispensa lingua straniera

• Verifiche uguali, differenziate e calibrate scritta
sulla base del PEI.
• Valutazione secondo i criteri educativi e • Certificazione con richiesta esplicita.
didattici stabiliti nel PEI, svolta da tutti i • Richiesta della famiglia.
docenti del CdC o team insegnanti. • Approvazione da parte del CdC.
• PEI differenziato: attestazione delle com-
petenze.

2. Alunni con BES/DSA Condizioni per l’esonero della lingua

• Verifiche coerenti con quanto stabilito nel straniera
PDP (tempi più lunghi, verifiche graduate,
uso di strumenti compensativi, svolgimen- • Certificazione con richiesta esplicita.
to di un numero minore di esercizi). • Richiesta della famiglia.
• Valutazione secondo quanto dichiarato • Approvazione da parte del CdC.
nel PDP (prestando attenzione alla padro- • Non conseguimento del titolo di studio ma
nanza dei contenuti e prescindendo dagli dell’attestazione delle competenze.
errori correlati al disturbo).
• Massima flessibilità didattica nell’appren-
dimento della lingua straniera (DSA).

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BES e inclusività 45
 3
rizzare l’alfabeto, è possibile fargli visionare le le figure geometriche, i giorni della settimana
lettere che non ricorda con appositi cartelli o ecc.
tabelle anche quando già la totalità della classe Le MISURE DISPENSATIVE riguardano la
non usa più questo tipo di supporto; con tale dispensa da alcune prestazioni (lettura ad alta
accorgimento, l’alunno ha possibilità maggio- voce, prendere appunti…), i tempi personaliz-
ri di un successivo apprendimento rispetto zati di realizzazione delle attività, la valutazione
ad un isolamento conoscitivo. Questa tecnica (non viene valutata la forma ma solo il conte-
ovviamente può essere utile con qualsiasi tipo nuto, ecc.).
di apprendimento, per esempio le tabelline,

3.2 TABELLA DI SINTESI STRUMENTI COMPENSATIVI

E MISURE DISPENSATIVE

1. Strumenti compensativi 2. Misure dispensative

Nell’ambito delle diverse discipline, l’alunno L’alunno può essere dispensato:

può usufruire dei seguenti strumenti com- u dalla lettura ad alta voce
pensativi: u dal copiare alla lavagna
u libri digitali o audiolibri u dal prendere appunti
u tabelle, formulari, sintesi, schemi o mappe u dal ricopiare
u lettura ad alta voce delle consegne durante u dalla dettatura di testi o appunti
le verifiche u da un eccessivo carico di compiti
u calcolatrice o computer con foglio di calco- u dallo studio mnemonico di poesie, formule,
lo e stampante definizioni
u computer con videoscrittura, correttore u dall’eseguire più esercizi di verifica con lo
ortografico, stampante e scanner stesso obiettivo
u registratore o “smart pen” u dal sostenere verifiche scritte per le materie
u software didattici, computer con sintetizza- orali
tore vocale u dalla valutazione nelle prove scritte di lin-
u vocabolari e dizionari digitali gua straniera
u altro u dal disegno tecnico
u dalla pratica strumentale (es. flauto…)
u altro

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46 BES e inclusività
 3
Segue una LISTA D’ESEMPIO DI STRUMENTI COMPENSATIVI per disciplina:

ITALIANO MATEMATICA, SCIENZE

v Schede per le forme verbali, per l’analisi v Tabelle pitagoriche, tavola della memoria,
grammaticale, logica del periodo, aiuti per i tavola delle formule, delle misure o dei lin-
tempi verbali. guaggi specifici.
v Uso sintetizzatore vocale per i testi. v Strutturazione dei problemi per fasi.
v Uso registrazioni. v Uso della calcolatrice.
v Computer con correttore automatico e vari v Computer con correttore automatico e vari
programmi internet. programmi internet.
v Uso di materiali differenti per appuntare o v Uso di materiali differenti per appuntare o
per fissare graficamente informazioni speci- per fissare graficamente informazioni speci-
fiche. fiche.
v Sintesi, schemi elaborati dai docenti, mappe v Sintesi, schemi elaborati dai docenti, mappe
concettuali. concettuali.
v Conoscenze, elaborati vari, documenti o foto- v Conoscenze, elaborati vari, documenti o foto-
grafie preparati in ambiente domestico. grafie preparati in ambiente domestico.
v Tabella di analisi grammaticale dei verbi.

LINGUE STRANIERE STORIA, GEOGRAFIA

v Privilegiare la comunicazione orale con valo- v Cartine geografiche, storiche.

rizzazione di eventuali esperienze pregresse. v Computer con correttore automatico e vari
v Negli elaborati scritti, limitare le correzioni ai programmi internet.
soli errori replicabili e modificabili, nonché v Uso di materiali differenti per appuntare o
prevedere un aiuto esterno per le trascrizioni per fissare graficamente informazioni speci-
(compagni, docenti medesimi). fiche.
v Lettura da parte del docente dei compiti in v Sintesi, schemi elaborati dai docenti, mappe
classe scritti. concettuali.
v Computer con correttore automatico e vari v Conoscenze, elaborati vari, documenti o foto-
programmi internet. grafie preparati in ambiente domestico.
v Uso di materiali differenti per appuntare o v Ruota dei mesi, ruota del tempo.
per fissare graficamente informazioni speci-
fiche.
v Sintesi, schemi elaborati dai docenti, mappe
concettuali.
v Conoscenze, elaborati vari, documenti o foto-
grafie preparati in ambiente domestico.

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BES e inclusività 47
 4 DSA E ADHD
Due condizioni frequenti di Bisogni Educativi
Speciali: DSA e ADHD
Abbiamo scelto queste due problematiche perché lessicale e mista, prevalenti forme cliniche
paradigmatiche di un BES e di frequente riscontro di tipo evolutivo ed anche, più raramente,
a scuola. La prima relativa ai DSA, è condizione quella profonda, quella lettera per lettera e
che rientra tra le patologie con diagnosi clini- l’iperlessia, clinicamente più presenti nelle
ca certificata (Legge 170); la seconda, relativa forme acquisite);
all’ADHD, rientra tra le patologie con diagnosi n la disortografia (fonologica, ortografico-les-
non certificata. È chiaro, poi, che a scuola ci sicale e mista);
saranno situazioni di BES che emergono, talora n la disgrafia (primaria e secondaria);
anche solo per un periodo e che non solo non n la discalculia (che riguarda la linea dei
avranno certificazione, ma neanche diagnosi. numeri e/o la linea del calcolo).
È opportuno che le indicazioni che seguo-
no in queste due patologie, soprattutto quelle Cosa sono le abilità strumentali?
riguardanti il cosa fare a scuola, non siano Per abilità strumentali si intendono gli appren-
rigidamente applicate a chi ha qualcosa di dimenti di tipo procedurale o implicito, quelli
scritto che comunque attesti un problema, ma cioè che, dopo un periodo ragionevole di espo-
il consiglio di classe può decidere, sempre sizione all’esercizio, sono automatizzati e non
attraverso la stesura di un PDP, di applicare le si dimenticano più per tutta la vita. Esempi evi-
medesime strategie compensative, dispensati- denti sono il linguaggio verbale, la locomozione
ve, comportamentali, etc, anche a tutti gli altri e, appunto, la lettura, la scrittura e il calcolo.
soggetti che ne possono trarre un giovamento.
Giusto per ricordare che in fondo tutti possono Quali sono le caratteristiche degli apprendi-
avere Bisogni Educativi anche temporaneamen- menti procedurali?
te Speciali. n Per essere attivati hanno necessità dell’e-
sposizione all’esperienza e così incrementa-
no via via la loro efficienza.
4.1 DSA: COSA SONO, n Riguardo alla lettura, scrittura e calcolo è
COME RICONOSCERLI, necessario e sufficiente il contatto regolare
COME APPROCCIARLI con una didattica specifica e adeguata.
n L’incremento della loro efficienza dipende
4.1.1 Che cosa sono i DSA? dal fatto che il soggetto agisce in maniera
I disturbi specifici di apprendimento sono pro- diretta, cioè senza necessità di un processo
blematiche che colpiscono le abilità strumen- consapevole e volontario. In altre parole,
tali della lettura, scrittura ortografica e grafica, nessuno legge, scrive e conta perché pensa
calcolo. Essi sono: a come sta leggendo, scrivendo, contando.
n le diverse tipologie di dislessia (fonologica, n L’incremento dell’efficienza nella lettura,

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48 BES e inclusività
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scrittura e calcolo è proporzionale al nume- una strategia pertinente per la sua soluzione.
ro delle esperienze e alla loro vicinanza. Essi, al contrario degli apprendimenti procedu-
n L’interruzione dell’esercizio, una volta rali, necessitano di:
appresa l’abilità procedurale, non determi- n uno sforzo volontario e di consapevolezza;
na la scomparsa o una rilevante riduzio- n un elevato livello di attenzione focale e
ne dell’abilità. Questo significa anche che sostenuta;
quando avviene l’automatizzazione, via via n molta più energia, quindi possibilità di mag-
l’esercizio diviene sempre meno necessario. giore faticabilità;
n La progressiva facilità nell’esercitare tali n costante esercizio perché si dimentica con
abilità e il successo spontaneo che ne deri- facilità, quindi lo standard di risposta non è
va, conduce l’individuo ad essere disponi- stabile;
bile nel ripetere l’azione. In altri termini, n una buona semantica, quella che permette
chi riesce a leggere, scrivere e fare di di conoscere e ricordare ciò che abbiamo
conto con facilità, tende a non evitare que- appreso in parole, significati, concetti, rego-
sti compiti. le, ecc.

L’automatizzazione della lettura, della scrittura

NOTA BENE:
e del calcolo ha anche ulteriori effetti:
n produce un elevato grado di precisione; Nei DSA ad essere interessati sono gli
n richiede un basso impegno a livello atten- apprendimenti procedurali, mentre quelli
tivo; dichiarativi possono essere coinvolti solo
n la sua esecuzione è rapida; secondariamente a causa dell’inefficacia
n lo standard di risposta si mantiene elevato; dei primi.
n riduce lo sforzo e può essere condotta per Detto in altri termini, uno studente che, ad esem-
un tempo prolungato; pio, ha difficoltà nella decodifica del testo scritto
n migliora la prestazione complessiva del sog- e che quindi necessita di molto impegno e atten-
getto, in quanto permette di orientare l’e- zione poiché non ha automatizzato la procedura
nergia verso altri obiettivi, ad esempio, la della lettura, può non comprendere perfetta-
comprensione di ciò che si sta leggendo o la mente quello che legge, anche se non sempre è
capacità argomentativa di quello che si sta così. Questo significa che non vi sono, in genere,
scrivendo o il mantenere chiari gli obiettivi problematiche a carico del sistema dichiarativo
di soluzione di un problema matematico; e che se si riesce ad aggirare il deficit strumenta-
n si utilizza una memoria procedurale o impli- le, il soggetto arriverà comunque all’acquisizione
cita, quella che attiviamo ogni qual volta dei contenuti in quanto non mancano le compe-
mettiamo in atto delle azioni e che ci per- tenze dichiarative, pur in assenza o limitazione di
mette di realizzarle con efficacia. una prestazione.
Questo passaggio è fondamentale per capire
Diversi, invece, sono la natura e i processi perché è assurdo insistere nell’abilitare un
implicati negli apprendimenti dichiarativi o soggetto con DSA, a parte un primo periodo
espliciti, come capire quello che si legge, scri- sensibile e relativamente breve di modificabili-
vere un riassunto o un tema, comprendere un tà o di compenso funzionale. Fondamentale è,
problema matematico o geometrico e costruire invece, la messa in atto di strategie didattiche

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BES e inclusività 49
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di compenso e di dispensa, quindi di inclusio- n Difficoltà di memoria, specie fonologica,
ne a livello didattico. visuo-percettiva ed anche procedurale.
Gli strumenti compensativi e dispensativi, n Difficoltà di natura prassica, che potranno
come più volte sostenuto, sono a tutti gli effet- incidere maggiormente nel grafismo.
ti strategie didattiche di pertinenza pedagogica n Difficoltà di tipo visuo-percettivo-grafico.
e non sanitaria. Questa riflessione ci permette n Difficoltà nelle abilità di subitizing o imme-
anche di affermare che le figure cliniche, che diatizzazione e conteggio.
hanno il compito precipuo di fare diagnosi e di n Familiarità per DSA, vista l’origine genetica
mettere in atto progetti precoci di riabilitazio- del disturbo.
ne, hanno un tempo breve di azione, mentre le Nel caso di sospetto, quindi, si può accentuare,
figure pedagogiche, in primis gli insegnanti, per un breve periodo (non oltre i due/tre
possono intervenire nel complessivo itinerario mesi) l’attività didattica specifica, ma non ha
scolastico dell’allievo riducendo sempre l’han- senso attendere oltre la seconda classe della
dicap derivante dal deficit. primaria se non si osservano miglioramenti.

4.1.2. Come riconoscerli? Cosa si può osservare in linea generale in un

La disabilità negli apprendimenti procedurali può presunto DSA?
essere riconosciuta a scuola attraverso semplici n L’incremento di efficienza atteso non si
prese di atto e valutazioni comparative rispetto manifesta, nonostante la ripetuta esposi-
al naturale sviluppo delle competenze specifiche. zione agli stimoli specifici (didattica stru-
Come ricordano le Linee guida sui DSA già cita- mentale della lettura, della scrittura e del
te, è necessario che l’insegnante sia sensibile e calcolo).
accorto nel verificare le atipie di sviluppo, cioè il n L’esperienza non è accumulata, quindi non
discostarsi da quanto atteso dopo esposizione alla solo l’esercizio non produce gli effetti attesi,
didattica, riguardo all’apprendimento della lettura, ma l’alunno è come se si trovasse costante-
della scrittura ortografica e grafica, del calcolo. mente di fronte a un’esperienza nuova.
Fondamentale è la precocità dell’invio a centri n Le prestazioni non raggiungono mai uno
specialistici pubblici o privati accreditati per la standard stabile, sono incostanti e solo
diagnosi, la certificazione e l’intervento riabilitati- occasionalmente migliorano. Lo standard
vo che deve essere fatta almeno entro la fine della prestazionale, peraltro, non sempre viene
seconda classe della scuola primaria e, come raggiunto o richiede tempi molto lunghi.
vedremo anche prima, soprattutto nei casi dove n L’alunno è costretto ad operare sempre con
il ritardo di apprendimento è notevole e/o dove un’elevata attenzione e volontarietà, mentre
sono presenti indicatori di rischio importanti. l’apprendimento procedurale è automatico
e richiede basso livello attentivo e consape-
Quali sono gli indicatori di rischio più impor- volezza. Questo significa che è improprio
tanti? riprendere il bambino che legge, scrive o fa
n Pregressi disturbi del linguaggio risolti tar- di conto male e con fatica dicendogli che sta
divamente o ancora attivi, soprattutto che compiendo errori solo perché non è attento a
colpiscono l’aspetto fonologico. quello che fa. In realtà, questo è proprio quel-
n Fatica ad apprendere le abilità meta fonolo- lo che non deve succedere. Si legge, infatti,
giche. proprio con un basso livello di attenzione!

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50 BES e inclusività
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n L’insuccesso prestazionale produce alti livel- nell’uso dei font della scrittura (stampato
li di frustrazione e l’evitamento dell’attività è maiuscolo e minuscolo, corsivo minuscolo e
un segnale importante, spesso sottovalutato maiuscolo). È difficile per un bambino con
e confuso con la pigrizia e la svogliatezza. DSA dire che sono la stessa cosa:
scimmia, SCIMMIA, scimmia
Inoltre si assiste: n L’inadeguatezza degli stimoli, quindi didatti-
n ad un sovraccarico della memoria procedu- ca non adeguata. Va rilevato che quest’aspet-
rale. È per tale motivo che l’alunno spesso to produce una distorsione o un rallenta-
perde le informazioni e compie frequenti mento dell’apprendimento, ma non è mai la
errori; causa di un DSA. In altre parole, la difficoltà
n ad un’insicurezza e dipendenza che si mani- non si configura come disturbo primario, ma
festa chiedendo spesso agli altri se sta al massimo secondario ed, infatti, il ripristi-
facendo bene o richiedendo come si può no di una didattica pertinente è necessaria e
fare; sufficiente al recupero.
n ad un rapido esaurimento dell’energia, quin- n La frequenza dell’attività, cioè l’esercizio, è
di ad un progressivo affaticamento e peggio- essenziale all’inizio dell’apprendimento ma
ramento della prestazione. via via sempre meno importante. Nel DSA
esso comunque non produce gli effetti atte-
Quale può essere la causa della disabilità spe- si, tanto che uno dei criteri per la diagnosi è
cifica di apprendimento? la persistenza del sintomo nonostante l’alle-
n Non efficienza del sistema che realizza la namento e, talvolta, persino il trattamento
funzione, cioè sono interessati i processi e i riabilitativo.
corrispettivi neurofunzionali (moduli) depu- Tutto questo produce, inoltre, difficoltà ad essere
tati ai processi di codifica, decodifica, tran- consapevole se la prestazione è adeguata o meno
scodifica. Ad esempio, nella dislessia fono- e anche incapacità a procedere da solo. Questi
logica, dove la via che permette una lettura aspetti vengono spesso confusi a scuola con la
delle parole nuove o delle non-parole, non pigrizia, la mancanza di esercizio, il poco impe-
è ben funzionante; così come nella dislessia gno e la disattenzione. Quando un bambino
lessicale, dove non funziona bene la via che non è disponibile a fare certe attività e le
permette la lettura della parola intera. rifiuta, è sempre bene verificare se esiste
n Gli stimoli non sono immagazzinati perché una difficoltà specifica, prima ancora di
il sistema non mantiene la traccia a causa di appellarsi a motivazioni caratteriali, com-
un deficit di memoria fonologica e/o visiva, portamentali e psicologiche. Bisogna, infatti,
numerica, motoria. Detto in altre parole il ricordare che, se non ci sono problemi dei siste-
soggetto, nonostante l’esposizione ripetuta mi neurofisiologici dedicati, imparare a leggere, a
ad un medesimo stimolo, è come se si tro- scrivere e far di conto sono abilità che si appren-
vasse sempre davanti ad un compito nuovo. dono con una sostanziale naturalezza.
n I meccanismi che permettono di scoprire e Troppe diagnosi, purtroppo, in questi anni sono
riconoscere le regolarità sono alterati, quindi state ritardate, spesso dimenticando che ci si
vi è un’elevata sensibilità alle variazioni della deve muovere in sinergia tra insegnanti, speciali-
forma in cui viene presentato lo stimolo. Un sti clinici e famiglia con chiarezza sul chi fa cosa.
esempio su tutti è la possibile confusione L’insegnante può accorgersi di una difficoltà,

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BES e inclusività 51
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ma non può fare una diagnosi, esattamente n linguaggio verbale ben organizzato, specie
come uno specialista fa una diagnosi, ma per l’aspetto fonologico;
non è un esperto di didattica individualiz- n sviluppo delle abilità metafonologiche;
zata e personalizzata. E la famiglia, da questa n memoria, specie fonologica, visuo-percettiva,
sinergia, non può essere marginalizzata perché numerica, motoria ed anche procedurale;
essa ci informa di aspetti importanti che spesso n motricità adeguata, specie quella fine;
non vediamo né a scuola, né negli ambulatori. n abilità visuo-percettivo-grafiche idonee;
Sappiamo bene, per non dare una visione ingenua n presenza delle abilità numeriche e di calcolo
della realtà, che in tutta questa prospettiva ideale di partenza: subitizing e counting; (enume-
di integrazione esistono resistenze e interventi razione, cioè conoscenza delle parole nume-
isolati ed impropri: genitori che non accettano ro, corrispondenza biunivoca e cardinalità),
l’evidenza dei problemi e rifiutano indicazioni, eventuale lettura e copia dei numeri fino a 9.
ma anche genitori che si accorgono e che sono
invitati ad aspettare tempi non attendibili e anche Queste attività dovrebbero prevedere l’inte-
ritardi dovuti all’imperizia di alcuni specialisti, grazione di figure cliniche con quelle scola-
tutte situazioni, queste, che producono ritardo stiche e il fondamentale coinvolgimento della
nella diagnosi. Infine non vanno dimenticati quel- famiglia che va informata sulla finalità dello
li che iperdiagnosticano DSA, anche quando il screening e sulle modalità di svolgimento,
problema è solamente didattico e pedagogico. Su concede l’autorizzazione a farlo eseguire, è
questo la strada da fare è lunga e spesso impervia: informata sui risultati specie nei casi dove
informazione e formazione, ascolto e accoglienza, emergono fragilità e deficit che richiedono
capacità di lavorare in rete, rimangono di gran un intervento pedagogico-scolastico e/o spe-
lunga le strade maestre da percorrere. cialistico clinico-riabilitativo, a partire da un
approfondimento diagnostico prima ancora
4.1.3 Come approcciarli? della riabilitazione.
Si elencano di seguito i vari passaggi per un
intervento precoce e pertinente nei DSA.
ATTENZIONE: i bambini che risulteranno
positivi allo screening non saranno per forza
STEP 1
dei DSA, anche se vi sono degli indicatori di
L’ATTIVITÀ PREVENTIVA ALLA SCUOLA rischio molto più importanti di altri, come
DELL’INFANZIA i disturbi del linguaggio di tipo fonologico.
Abbiamo già detto che la prevenzione dei DSA è Ricordiamo, peraltro, come queste attività
la migliore cura perché permette di intervenire non hanno finalità diagnostiche, ma solo
tempestivamente sui problemi ritenuti indicato- orientative. Uno screening, perciò, indica
ri di rischio, con un’evidente attesa di maggiori solo se il bambino possiede i pre-requisiti
successi per il futuro, intesi come soluzione dei o meno e di cosa ha bisogno se non ha
sintomi o riduzione degli stessi. acquisito alcune abilità o ha un ritardo o un
Di grande importanza sono gli screening alla problema. Come indicato dalle linee guida
scuola dell’infanzia che, effettuati almeno al sui DSA, si vanno ad individuare le eventuali
terzo anno, indagano sui pre-requisiti fonda- atipie di sviluppo più importanti.
mentali che un bambino dovrebbe possedere:

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52 BES e inclusività
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Un buono schema di classificazione e di rilettu- STEP 2
ra degli screening potrebbe essere:
n norma (ovvero tutti i soggetti che possiedo- L’ATTIVITÀ PREVENTIVA
no i pre-requisiti di base); ALLA SCUOLA PRIMARIA
n richiesta di approfondimento diagnostico Di norma il lavoro precedente, quando effet-
per eventuale intervento riabilitativo (azio- tuato, prepara già quello per la scuola pri-
ne clinica); maria, in quanto i bambini individuati come
n necessità di laboratorio metafonologico problematici alla scuola dell’infanzia, potran-
(azione didattica); no essere seguiti longitudinalmente già dalla
n necessità di attività visuo-percettivo-grafica prima classe. Se alla fine della prima clas-
(azione didattica); se si dovessero evidenziare delle difficol-
n necessità di lavoro sulle prime abilità nume- tà nell’apprendimento della letto-scrittura,
riche (azione didattica); non ha senso aspettare ancora e il bambino
n necessità di attività motoria, specie fine andrebbe valutato in modo più approfondi-
(azione didattica). to ed eventualmente già preso in carico dal
punto di vista riabilitativo. Questo processo
di continuità, come si può ben capire, è molto
NOTA BENE:
importante.
Se l’azione pedagogico-didattica non raggiun- Gli altri bambini potranno essere, invece, sot-
ge gli obiettivi di una modificazione o miglio- toposti a screening nella seconda classe della
ramento, può essere necessario l’invio ad primaria. In entrambi i casi, le prove da sommi-
approfondimento specialistico per eventuale nistrare sono estremamente semplici:
intervento riabilitativo. n comprensione di un testo scritto a risposta
multipla (può essere fatto in classe);
Appare chiaro come quest’attività deve ben n un testo scritto da leggere con misurazione
distinguere i bisogni didattici da quelli clinici: i degli errori e delle sillabe lette al secondo
primi saranno di più dei secondi che, in genere, (prova individuale che farà lo specialista
risulteranno pochi. In presenza di un’adeguata che sa siglare il testo e conosce i riferimenti
didattica, i bambini nella norma saranno di gran standard);
lunga, in assoluto, in numero maggiore. n un dettato di livello (può essere fatto in
Uno screening serio e ben fatto si rico- classe, ma va corretto dallo specialista che
nosce anche da questa scrematura tra conosce i riferimenti standard). Il testo
didattico e clinico e dalla non esagerata serve anche per la prima valutazione della
sanitarizzazione dei problemi, ma anche da grafia;
un intervento tempestivo sui casi veramen- n un eventuale prova di calcolo, ma che può
te di interesse clinico-riabilitivo. Diviene, essere rimandata anche alla terza elemen-
quindi, fondamentale saper scegliere dei bravi e tare in quanto la discalculia può essere
seri professionisti clinici da affiancare agli inse- diagnosticata un anno dopo della dislessia e
gnanti con i quali collaboreranno in maniera disortografia.
costante e proficua anche per il coinvolgimento I casi positivi vanno inviati ad approfondimento
della famiglia e le riconsegne dei risultati. diagnostico e ad eventuale riabilitazione.

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BES e inclusività 53
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STEP 3 riferimento all’osservazione delle prestazioni
nei vari ambiti di apprendimento interessati
L’INVIO AI CENTRI CLINICI PUBBLICI E dal disturbo: lettura, scrittura, calcolo. Ad
PRIVATI ACCREDITATI PER esempio, per ciò che riguarda la scrittura, è pos-
LA DIAGNOSI E IL TRATTAMENTO sibile osservare la presenza di errori ricorrenti,
La fase dell’approfondimento diagnostico non che possono apparire comuni ed essere frequenti
dovrebbe essere realizzata oltre la fine della in una fase di apprendimento o in una classe
seconda classe della scuola primaria e il motivo precedente, ma che si presentano a lungo ed in
è legato al breve periodo di efficacia della tera- modo non occasionale. Nei ragazzi più grandi
pia riabilitativa. La modificazione del deficit è è possibile notare l’estrema difficoltà a control-
molto limitata e, per alcuni autori, addirittura lare le regole ortografiche o la punteggiatura.
impossibile giacché il danno è di tipo genetico; Per quanto concerne la lettura, possono essere
mentre è possibile, caso per caso, utilizzare dei indicativi il permanere di una lettura sillabica
compensi neuro-funzionali che possono auto- ben oltre la metà della prima classe primaria;
matizzarsi e permettere un recupero presta- la tendenza a leggere la stessa parola in modi
zionale parziale e, in alcuni casi, anche totale. diversi nel medesimo brano; il perdere frequen-
Questo dipende, in larga misura, dalla preco- temente il segno o la riga. Quando un docente
cità dell’intervento riabilitativo, dalla minore osserva tali caratteristiche nelle prestazioni
o maggiore gravità del quadro, dalle possibili scolastiche di un alunno, predispone specifiche
comorbidità, dalla pertinenza dell’intervento attività di recupero e potenziamento. Se, anche
riabilitativo, dal livello intellettivo del bambino, a seguito di tali interventi, l’atipia permane,
nel senso che l’esperienza ci insegna come un sarà necessario comunicare alla famiglia quan-
bambino con un livello cognitivo più alto “fun- to riscontrato, consigliandola di ricorrere ad
ziona” meglio anche nell’utilizzare le strategie uno specialista per accertare la presenza o meno
riabilitative. Ne consegue che la percentuale di un disturbo specifico di apprendimento.”
dei bambini che non migliorano nonostante il
trattamento riabilitativo sono quelli che non Quali centri possono effettuare una diagnosi e
rispondono ai criteri sopra citati. la certificazione?
La precocità dell’intervento è un nodo fonda- La Legge 170 afferma che ”La diagnosi dei
mentale ed è per questo che gli insegnanti, in DSA è effettuata nell’ambito dei trattamen-
assenza di attività di screening in continuità e ti specialistici già assicurati dal Servizio
di collaborazione a scuola di figure cliniche, Sanitario Nazionale a legislazione vigente
non possono assolutamente decidere da soli se ed è comunicata dalla famiglia alla scuola di
un bambino ha o non ha un problema di DSA e appartenenza dello studente. Le regioni nel
quindi rimandare l’invio ai centri clinici specia- cui territorio non sia possibile effettuare la
lizzati e accreditati per la diagnosi. diagnosi nell’ambito dei trattamenti speciali-
Come già detto in precedenza, le linee guida sui stici erogati dal Servizio Sanitario Nazionale
DSA sono molto chiare in merito: “Per indivi- possono prevedere, nei limiti delle risorse
duare un alunno con un potenziale Disturbo umane, strumentali e finanziarie disponibili
Specifico di Apprendimento, non necessaria- a legislazione vigente, che la medesima dia-
mente si deve ricorrere a strumenti appositi, gnosi sia effettuata da specialisti o strutture
ma può bastare, almeno in una prima fase, far accreditate.” A tal riguardo, viste anche le molte

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54 BES e inclusività
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richieste e i lunghi tempi di attesa nel pubblico, le diagnosi, oltre a dichiarare da cosa è
le Regioni hanno provveduto o stanno provve- affetto il soggetto, non danno altre infor-
dendo ad accreditare centri privati sul territorio mazioni. Probabilmente ancora, almeno sul
che rispondono alle caratteristiche strutturali piano operativo, non è chiara la differenza tra
e organizzative (presenza di equipe multidi- una diagnosi clinica e una funzionale e “sul chi
sciplinare con responsabile sanitario, rispetto può fare cosa”.
delle prassi e dei protocolli diagnostici con n La diagnosi clinica risponde alla domanda
riferimento alle indicazioni della Consensus “cosa?” in quanto misura e dichiara i sintomi
Conference, idoneità delle strutture dove si ed è atto che non spetta alle figure educati-
effettuano diagnosi, presenza della carta dei ve-scolastiche.
servizi, etc). Quindi, a tutti gli effetti, i centri n La diagnosi funzionale risponde alla domanda
privati accreditati dalla Regione di appartenen- “come?”, quindi non misura e non dichiara
za possono emettere le certificazioni al pari semplicemente i sintomi, ma li osserva feno-
delle strutture del Servizio Sanitario Nazionale. menologicamente, li descrive e, spesso, li fa
persino narrare al paziente. Tale aspetto, non
di rado, è carente nelle relazioni cliniche e gli
STEP 4 insegnanti se ne lamentano perché fanno fati-
ca ad impostare, poi, una didattica individua-
LA CERTIFICAZIONE DEL DSA lizzata e personalizzata. Va detto, però, che le
figure che meglio delle altre possono descrive-
Chi esegue la certificazione? re sono proprio gli insegnanti (certo, insieme a
Le linee guida per come si realizza una dia- chi riabilita costantemente il soggetto, specie
gnosi, sono ritracciabili nei documenti della il logopedista) perché hanno un tempo ampio
Consensus Conference sui DSA (2007), nelle di valutazione, anche se spesso sottovalutano
Raccomandazioni cliniche sui DSA – PARCC le proprie competenze osservative. La figura
(2011) e nelle varie leggi regionali sui DSA. del pedagogista, come professione mediana
La fase della certificazione è attività realizzata e mediativa, può sopperire egregiamente a
dalle figure cliniche, ma che ha ripercussioni queste frequenti conflittualità potendo opera-
dirette a livello scolastico e pedagogico. Essa re da una differente “cabina di regia”. Anche
viene redatta dopo valutazione multidisciplina- in questo caso l’ideale sarebbe che le figure
re che prevede, almeno, la visita di: cliniche si integrassero con quelle educative
n un neuropsichiatra infantile; rispettando confini professionali e assumendo
n uno psicologo; responsabilmente le proprie competenze, ma
n un logopedista. bisogna prendere atto che nella prassi talvolta
A nostro avviso, questo iter può essere arricchi- si è lontano da ciò, a parte alcune esperienze
to dal contributo di figure anche non cliniche di eccellenza che fanno ben sperare.
come il pedagogista che ha competenze più di
taglio funzionale-descrittivo e didattico piutto- Quali sono i criteri fondamentali che vanno
sto che diagnostico-declaratorio. La mancanza rispettati per la diagnosi di DSA?
di una specifica figura competente e di La certificazione di un DSA deve rispondere ad
raccordo tra clinico e scolastico si sente in altre caratteristiche, oltre alla multidisciplina-
maniera sostanziale, soprattutto quando rietà. Nelle raccomandazioni della Consensus

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BES e inclusività 55
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Conference sono individuati tre parametri da riguarda i “Disturbi evolutivi specifici delle abi-
rispettare ed indicare nella relazione-certifica- lità scolastiche”, qui di seguito riportate:
zione:
Cosa deve essere riportato in una certificazio-
1) criteri di inclusione ne ben organizzata?
Ci dicono se il soggetto ha un problema come n Oggetto e n. di protocollo della certificazione.
la dislessia, la disortografia, la disgrafia e la n Dati del paziente.
discalculia. L’aspetto inclusivo fa parte della n Chi ha fatto l’invio.
valutazione del logopedista che verifica anche n Eventuale familiarità per DSA.
se ci sono problematiche linguistiche attive e n Operatori coinvolti nella diagnosi.
abilità di base ancora deficitarie. n Anamnesi.
n Osservazione, quindi relazioni sintetiche dei
2) criteri di esclusione vari professionisti che hanno visitato il bam-
Con i soli criteri di inclusione non possiamo anco- bino con evidenza dei criteri di inclusione,
ra parlare di DSA, poiché un disturbo di appren- esclusione e discrepanza.
dimento, per essere specifico, necessita di non n Prove e test somministrati, quelli ordinari ed
manifestarsi in concomitanza con altri deficit. eventualmente quelli straordinari.
Va accertato che non esistano problematiche n Conclusioni diagnostiche descrittive.
neurologiche, sensoriali, psichiatriche. Ciò n Etichetta ICD-10.
spetta, in genere, al neuropsichiatra. Vanno n Prescrizione al team docenti dell’utilizzo di
valutate anche eventuali difficoltà socio-cultu- strumenti compensativi e dispensativi mirati
rali ed emotivo-relazionali, aspetti non rara- che, ricordiamo, non è compito delle figure
mente da innesto che, per essere considerati clinico-sanitarie individuare. Proprio a tal
fattori di esclusione, devono essere presenti già riguardo sarebbe di grande utilità inserire
prima che si sviluppino le proprie specifiche le osservazioni e indicazioni pedagogico-
difficoltà. Ciò spetta, in genere, allo psicologo. didattiche con il contributo del pedagogista,
ove presente nell’équipe.
3) criterio di discrepanza La relazione deve essere protocollata e firmata da
Si tratta della differenza tra i punteggi bassi nelle tutti i professionisti coinvolti nella valutazione.
abilità specifiche di lettura, scrittura e calcolo Al fine del rispetto della normativa sulla priva-
e il quoziente intellettivo che deve essere nella cy e i dati sensibili (DL 196/2003), è opportuno
norma, quindi non al di sotto di un Q.I. pari a 85. consegnare la relazione in duplice copia:
Ricordiamo che la 3a Consensus Conference sui n quella per la famiglia contenente tutti i dati
DSA chiede di usare una maggiore flessibilità sopra descritti (sarà eventualmente la fami-
proprio in questo criterio, ponendo una partico- glia a decidere di far leggere detta versione
lare attenzione ai soggetti con funzionamento integrale agli insegnanti);
intellettivo al limite, meglio definiti “borderline n quella riservata alla scuola contenente oggetto
cognitivi”, che hanno un Q.I. tra 70 e 85. e numero di protocollo della certificazione,
i dati del paziente, operatori coinvolti nella
L’etichetta diagnostica e il codice, che devono diagnosi, indicazione del rispetto dei criteri
essere sempre riportati alla fine della certifi- di inclusione, esclusione e discrepanza, con-
cazione, sono quelli dell’ICD-10 dell’OMS che clusioni diagnostiche descrittive, l’etichetta

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56 BES e inclusività
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Codice Disturbo Etichetta ICD-10 Nota
dell’apprendimento

F81.0 Dislessia Disturbo specifico della let- Fluenza, accuratezza e comprensione del testo
tura

F81.1 Disortografia Disturbo specifico della

compitazione

F81.2 Discalculia Disturbo specifico delle abili-

tà aritmetiche

F81.3 DSA di tipo misto Disturbi misti delle abilità Comorbidità di disturbo specifico delle abilità
scolastiche aritmetiche e di lettura e/o ortografia

F81.8 Altre tipologie di DSA Altri disturbi evolutivi delle Anche disturbo dell’espressione scritta (disgra-
abilità scolastiche fia)

F81.9 Difficoltà di apprendi- Disordine evolutivo delle Categoria per i disturbi non specifici, ma dove
mento non altrimenti abilità scolastiche non sono presenti disabilità di apprendimento impor-
specificate (NAS) meglio specificato tanti, comunque senza deficit cognitivi, neurolo-
gici, sensoriali o da non adeguata didattica

ICD10, la prescrizione dell’utilizzo degli stru- nell’inclusione, da parte del CdC, del soggetto
menti compensativi e delle misure dispensati- portatore di DSA all’interno dei BES e si prose-
ve e le indicazioni pedagogico-didattiche forni- gue come descritto nei capitoli precedenti:
te dal pedagogista, ove presente nell’équipe. n stesura del PDP che si avvale della medesi-
ma certificazione, meglio se con indicazioni
Quanto tempo hanno valore le certificazioni? alla scuola derivanti dalla valutazione clini-
Non ci sono indicazioni precise sul valore tem- ca e funzionale che individua punti di debo-
porale delle certificazioni. Nell’accordo Gover- lezza e punti di forza. È possibile trovare
no, Regioni e Province del 25 luglio 2012 è, però, indicazioni nei capitoli precedenti.
indicato che il profilo di funzionamento viene n si definiscono e si applicano quegli strumen-
aggiornato, di norma: ti compensativi più utili sia per potenziare
n al passaggio da un ciclo scolastico all’altro, i canali funzionanti del bambino (persona-
non prima di tre anni dal precedente; lizzazione), sia per bypassare i problemi
n tutte le volte che è necessario modificare specifici (individualizzazione realizzata con
strumenti didattici e valutativi su segnala- compensi, ma anche con dispense).
zione della scuola o anche della famiglia. Si è già detto di non individuare e poi utilizzare
gli strumenti compensativi in maniera generica
STEP 5 e standard, poiché essi vanno applicati soggetti-
vamente a partire soprattutto dalla descrizione
INDIVIDUAZIONE COME BES, STESURA funzionale del caso in questione. Quest’aspetto
DEL PDP E APPLICAZIONE non sempre è curato nelle relazioni-certificazio-
DEGLI STRUMENTI COMPENSATIVI ni ed è chiesto agli insegnanti (e alla figura del
E DISPENSATIVI PER UNA DIDATTICA pedagogista, se e quando presente) di adoperar-
INDIVIDUALIZZATATA E PERSONALIZZATA si per scegliere strategie e strumenti didattici
Una volta ricevuta la certificazione, si procede alternativi cogenti alla situazione.

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BES e inclusività 57
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Di seguito, uno schema sintetico senza n Abitudine a porre quesiti “dal posto” per
dimenticare che gli strumenti compensa- monitorare gli apprendimenti.
tivi, non vanno consigliati “a valanga”,
sia perché non si usano tutti e sia perché Anche a casa, il soggetto con DSA può utilizzare
è giusto usarne pochi ma buoni e quando strumenti compensativi tecnologici:
sono veramente utili. Attenzione però: n PC con programma di videoscrittura e cor-
non vanno neppure accantonati come rettore ortografico.
qualcuno impropriamente sostiene, affer- n Sintesi vocale.
mando che se dispensiamo e compensia- n Software specifici (testi digitali, mappe).
mo, lo studente con DSA non si abilita n Strumenti per l’audio: registratore, lettori
mai. È una visione, questa, che dimostra Mp3.
che non si capisce l’essenza di un deficit n Internet.
che è sostanzialmente poco modificabile. n Dizionario elettronico.
Nessuno penserebbe di far sforzare un n Traduttore.
miope a leggere senza occhiali perché n Calcolatrice.
questo migliorerebbe la vista! Come lui
ha bisogno della sua protesi, anche chi E non tecnologici:
ha un DSA non si abilita senza strumenti n Schemi propri.
compensativi e dispensativi che sono le n Appunti del docente o dei compagni.
sue protesi. n Tavole con le regole grammaticali.
n Tabelle verbali con paradigma irregolare.
4.1.4 Gli strumenti compensativi n Tavola pitagorica.
Dato che al soggetto con DSA serve attivare più n Linea del tempo.
canali sensoriali insieme e che i bambini affetti n Schemi con formule algebriche e geometri-
da questi problemi sono generalmente bravi a che.
usare i mezzi forniti dalla tecnologia, si possono n Libri cartacei ad alta leggibilità.
utilizzare in classe degli strumenti compensati- n Affiancamento per lo studio pomeridiano.
vi tecnologici:
n LIM = lavagna interattiva multimediale. Il dizionario elettronico
n PC con videoproiettore. Il dizionario elettronico contiene tutte le voci tra-
n Registratore (CD, Mp3). dotte dalla lingua straniera all’italiano e viceversa;
n Smart Pen (penna “intelligente” che registra funziona come correttore ortografico, risolve cru-
e recupera la voce del docente, digitando civerba e anagrammi, ricerca verbi frasali, funge
una parola). da calcolatrice e da convertitore. Il dispositivo
n Dizionario elettronico. è utile a casa e per le verifiche in classe. Viene
incontro alle esigenze espresse dai docenti; infatti
È opportuno non trascurare gli strumenti com- è un sistema chiuso: non si collega al web e non
pensativi non tecnologici: si possono caricare altri contenuti.
n Lettura ad alta voce (eseguita dal docente o
dai compagni), quindi cooperative learning. Il libro digitale e la penna intelligente
n Schemi, riassunti, mappe. Il libro digitale e la penna intelligente si usano
n Aumento del tempo a disposizione. in classe con la LIM e a casa con il PC. La penna

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58 BES e inclusività
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scrive su qualsiasi foglio, trasferisce le note al font biancoenero, che garantisce la massi-
PC, converte scritture a mano, memorizza dise- ma chiarezza e aiuta a non confondere le
gni, note, musica... lettere. Quest’aspetto viene incontro a tutti
È possibile sfogliare le pagine digitali, attivare quei ragazzi con dislessia che hanno una
contributi audio e video, compiere autovaluta- componente disfunzionale a livello visuo-
zioni con esercizi interattivi, interagire con le percettivo. Il carattere biancoenero è sca-
immagini, scaricare materiale supplementare ricabile presso il sito www.biancoeneroe-
dal web. dizioni.com dal quale abbiamo recuperato
tali informazioni. Questo vuol dire anche
Software che il ragazzo può creare facilmente e in
Molti software sono gratuiti, per esempio alcu- autonomia dei testi ad alta leggibilità. Ad
ni di quelli che si possono usare per fare mappe esempio, scannerizzando con OCR testi già
mentali, concettuali e schemi (VUE, CMapTools, scritti o forniti dall’insegnante o recuperati
Freemind) e per la sintesi vocale (Balabolka, dallo stesso studente, copiarli su una pagina
Dspeech, LeggixMe, ReadSpeaker). Tra questi, word e successivamente modificarli con il
per esempio, ReadSpeaker (vocalizzazione) è carattere dedicato, inserendo il non giustifi-
un servizio online basato su server esterno cato e i paragrafi spaziati, come avviene già
che permette la lettura ad alta voce di un testo naturalmente con il programma Microsoft
da siti web. Esistono anche diversi software Word di solito presente nei computer con
non gratuiti, come Highlighter, Superquaderno, Windows.
Supermappe, Carlo II, Carlo Mobile. Il lavoro di redazione sulla comprensibilità
di un testo è più delicato e complesso, per-
Libri cartacei ad alta leggibilità ché non si possono definire, se non molto
Un libro ad alta leggibilità è uno strumento genericamente, dei canoni da rispettare.
accessibile anche a chi ha specifiche difficoltà, Vanno considerate le ambiguità presenti in
ma che in generale rende più agevole la lettura un testo (sintattiche, semantiche e pragma-
a tutti. L’alta leggibilità agisce essenzialmente tiche) che, se sono un ostacolo facilmente
su due livelli: superabile per un lettore sicuro, diventano
n Abbattere le barriere tipografiche, che invece fonte di ulteriore difficoltà per il let-
sono un ostacolo concreto all’accesso al tore insicuro, destabilizzando la già scarsa
contenuto, vuol dire adottare tutti quei cri- fiducia nella sua capacità di comprendere
teri codificati da tempo che rendono più un testo scritto. Un altro aspetto da valutare
“amichevole” la pagina per chi li affronta: è quanto sia effettivamente giustificata la
testo non giustificato, con lunghezza irrego- complessità o specializzazione del linguag-
lare delle righe per facilitare il passaggio da gio che si usa. È una questione di equilibrio:
una riga all’altra e per evitare la divisione tra chiarezza e proprietà, tra semplicità e
in sillabe; paragrafi spaziati che offrono a necessario arricchimento lessicale e, in un
chi legge dei traguardi di lettura facilmente testo narrativo, tra il rispetto dello stile di
raggiungibili; carta color crema che non dà un autore e l’importanza di farlo conoscere
riflessi e di uno spessore tale da evitare la anche a chi ha delle difficoltà di lettura.
trasparenza del verso della pagina; l’uso di n Il rapporto tra docente e studente
uno specifico carattere di stampa, come il È importante che si instauri un rapporto

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BES e inclusività 59
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costruttivo e una relazione empatica tra 4.1.5 Le misure dispensative
docente e studente. È fondamentale, quin- Per il DSA sono previste anche misure dispen-
di, condividere gli obiettivi, esplicitare le sative, cioè il non fare alcune cose che risulta-
modalità degli esercizi, sostenere costrutti- no difficili e complesse. Si possono evitare, a
vamente, evitare l’approccio punitivo e non seconda dei casi:
rinforzante, abituare gli alunni all’autocor- n la lettura ad alta voce;
rezione e all’autovalutazione. Ricordiamoci n il prendere appunti;
che tutto ciò che non è vietato, è permesso n la ricopiatura di testi, anche dalla lavagna
e va a vantaggio di tutta la classe; queste (meglio usare appunti scritti da altri);
strategie sono per la maggior parte valide n i dettati, specie quando è richiesta la scrittu-
per tutti gli alunni perché incrementano ra veloce;
l’attenzione, rendono più coinvolgente la n le domande di difficile interpretazione o con
lezione frontale, stimolano la partecipazione doppia negazione;
attiva degli studenti. Detta in altri termini, n alcune tipologie di esercizi, come, ad esem-
la didattica utilizzata dal soggetto con DSA pio, la traduzione dall’italiano in inglese, la
può essere usata da tutta la classe con van- trasformazione di frasi, la semplice appli-
taggio e quando questo avviene la dimensio- cazione meccanica della struttura gramma-
ne dell’integrazione, dell’inclusività e della ticale ed anche le risposte a scelta multipla
non diversificazione raggiunge il massimo. che andrebbero modificate a scelta doppia
Il soggetto con DSA, poi, trarrà vantaggio da (vero/falso);
accorgimenti particolari, che è bene sintetizzare: n le definizioni grammaticali teoriche;
n fornire e favorire l’uso di schemi, mappe men- n la memorizzazione di formule, teoremi,
tali e mappe concettuali, anche su supporto tabelline, poesie;
digitalizzato e incentivarne l’uso durante le n il mettere le operazioni in colonna;
interrogazioni per favorire l’esposizione; n la valutazione degli errori ortografici nel
n permettere allo studente di esercitarsi in testo scritto, ma solo del contenuto;
situazioni simulate con il compagno nel n lo studio della lingua inglese in forma
ruolo dell’insegnante; scritta;
n consentire la libera circolazione degli appun- n l’uso del vocabolario cartaceo;
ti in classe e della registrazione delle lezioni n il fare le cose velocemente. Al soggetto con
da riascoltare; DSA vengono concessi tempi più lunghi
n astenersi dal richiedere uno studio mnemo- nell’esecuzione dei compiti e delle prove di
nico e nozionistico con termini tecnici diffi- valutazione e verifica e nella soluzione dei
cili o parole a bassa frequenza da ricordare; problemi (circa il 30% in più);
n collaborare con i docenti tutor pomeridiani, n lo studio dei testi in uso se troppo complessi
concordando obiettivi; ed ampi. Sarebbe utile, come accade nel
n prestare attenzione alla gestione del diario mondo anglosassone, il poter utilizzare le
(insegnanti); abridged versions (versioni ridotte) oltre
n prestare attenzione alla gestione del tempo alle versioni digitali da ascoltare.
(genitori);
n adottare un libro di testo utilizzabile con la Come abbiamo già detto, gli strumenti com-
LIM. pensativi e le misure dispensative per una loro

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60 BES e inclusività
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applicabilità sono da inserire nel PDP perché 4 ha difficoltà a mantenere l’attenzione sui
rappresentano, a tutti gli effetti, la didattica compiti o sulle attività di gioco;
individualizzata e personalizzata per un sogget- 4 non sembra ascoltare quando gli si parla
to con DSA, dalla scuola primaria sino all’uni- direttamente;
versità. 4 non segue le istruzioni e non porta a
termine i compiti scolastici, le incom-
benze o i doveri sul posto di lavoro
4.2 ADHD: COSA SONO, (non a causa di comportamento oppo-
COME RICONOSCERLI, sitivo o d’incapacità di capire le istru-
COME APPROCCIARLI. zioni);
4 ha difficoltà a organizzarsi nei compiti e
4.2.1 Che cosa sono gli ADHD? nelle attività;
L’ADHD è un disturbo evolutivo dell’autocon- 4 evita, prova avversione o è riluttante ad
trollo di origine neurobiologica che interferisce impegnarsi in compiti che richiedono
con il normale svolgimento delle comuni attivi- sforzo mentale protratto (come i compiti
tà quotidiane: a scuola o a casa);
n frequentare proficuamente la scuola; 4 perde gli oggetti necessari per i compiti
n giocare con i coetanei; o le attività (per esempio, giocattoli,
n convivere serenamente con i genitori; materiale scolastico, matite, libri o stru-
n in generale, inserirsi normalmente nella menti);
società. 4 è facilmente distratto da stimoli esterni;
È un disturbo pervasivo, nel senso che è pre- 4 è sbadato nelle attività quotidiane.
sente in tutti i contesti e ambienti. Presenta
una sintomatologia più sfumata o più gesti- n IPERATTIVITÀ, intesa come eccessivo e
bile nel rapporto uno a uno. Questo ci fa già inadeguato livello di attività motoria.
dire che un bambino disattento e/o iperattivo Spesso il soggetto e in diversi contesti:
solo a scuola molto probabilmente non è un 4 muove con irrequietezza mani o piedi o si
ADHD. dimena sulla sedia;
4 lascia il proprio posto a sedere in classe
o in altre situazioni in cui ci si aspetti che
Come si manifesta l’ADHD? resti seduto;
4 scorazza e salta dovunque in modo
In linea generale con: eccessivo in situazioni in cui ciò è fuori
n DEFICIT DI ATTENZIONE, intesa come luogo (negli adolescenti o negli adulti,
incapacità nel mantenere per un periodo ciò può limitarsi a sentimenti soggettivi
sufficientemente prolungato l’attenzione su di irrequietezza);
un compito. 4 ha difficoltà a giocare o a dedicarsi a
Spesso il soggetto e in diverse situazioni: divertimenti in modo tranquillo;
4 non riesce a prestare attenzione ai par- 4 è “sotto pressione” o agisce come se
ticolari o commette errori di distrazione fosse “motorizzato”;
nei compiti scolastici, sul lavoro o in 4 parla troppo e non rispetta la turnazione.
altre attività;

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BES e inclusività 61
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n IMPULSIVITÀ, intesa come impossibilità ad Quando comincia a manifestarsi e che
aspettare o a inibire comportamenti inade- incidenza ha?
guati a determinate circostanze.
Spesso il soggetto e in diversi contesti: L’età d’insorgenza è molto precoce. Si può fare
4 “spara” le risposte prima che le domande diagnosi dai sei anni in poi, ma i sintomi posso-
siano state completate; no manifestarsi già a tre anni. I maschi sono più
4 ha difficoltà ad attendere il proprio turno; colpiti rispetto alle femmine, con un rapporto
4 interrompe gli altri o è invadente nei loro 3:1. La prevalenza del disturbo è stimata tra il
confronti. 4 e il 12% a seconda dei campioni e dei criteri
diagnostici considerati. Tuttavia in letteratura
sembra mancare un accordo unanime sulla pre-
Classificazioni dei sottotipi valenza dell’ADHD nella popolazione generale
(in particolare nei paesi europei) probabilmen-
Si osservano e sono stati classificati tre sotto- te perché diverse variabili hanno dimostrato di
tipi: influire significativamente sulle stime. L’1-2%
n Sottotipo combinato, quando disattenzio- degli adulti in popolazione generale presenta
ne, iperattività e impulsività si manifestano questo disturbo in forma residuale.
contemporaneamente (ADHD C); Si tratta di un problema che si presenta molto
n Sottotipo inattento, quando è presente spesso associato ad altri disordini. La comor-
solo il disturbo attentivo (ADHD I); bidità oscilla tra il 60% e il 100% ed oltre l’80%
n Sottotipo iperattivo-impulsivo, quando dei bambini con ADHD soddisfa i criteri per
solo l’attenzione è buona (ADHD H). almeno una diagnosi aggiuntiva. Frequente è
l’associazione con il DSA: una ricerca italiana

DIAGNOSI SECONDO DSM-IV (ADHD)

Inattenzione + Iperattività/impulsività ➙ ADHD: tipo combinato

ADHD: tipo prevalentemente

Solo inattenzione ➙ inattentivo

ADHD: tipo prevalentemente

Solo iperattività/impulsività ➙ iperattivo/impulsivo

DIAGNOSI SECONDO ICD-10 (HKD)

Inattenzione + Iperattività + Impulsività ➙ Disturbo ipercinetico

+
Disturbo ipercinetico
Disturbo della condotta ➙ della condotta

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62 BES e inclusività
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ha dimostrato una comorbidità fra le due pro- riposizionamento delle condotte educative
blematiche del 22%, mentre altre ricerche este- produce rapidamente miglioramenti com-
re lo collocano tra il 15 e il 40%. portamentali. Molto diverso e molto più
complesso è invece trovare riscontri con i
4.2.2 Come riconoscerli? bambini affetti da ADHD. La nostra espe-
rienza ci porta a dire che, proprio per tale
n I segni precoci, o meglio gli indicatori di fine distinzione valutativo-differenziale, le
rischio, possono essere osservati già entro diagnosi rischiano di essere sovrastimate e
i tre anni e si evidenziano con variazioni probabilmente le figure cliniche necessita-
temperamentali, disturbi della regolazione e no, anche in questo caso di integrarsi con
limitato adattamento sociale in associazione quelle educative.
con l’interazione genitore-bambino. n Nei bambini della scuola elementare, quan-
n Nella fase pre-scolare, cioè fino ai sei anni, do cioè è possibile già somministrare test
è possibile osservare una ridotta intensità e specifici e fare una diagnosi più precisa, i
durata dei giochi, la presenza di irrequietez- segni comportamentali di un ADHD posso-
za motoria, ma anche disturbi più generali no essere irrequietezza, distraibilità intesa
che possono essere segnali anche di altre sia come “iperattenzione” a tutti gli stimoli,
problematiche, come disturbi dello svilup- quindi incapacità di mantenere un focus
po, condotte oppositive-provocatorie, pro- disattivando gli altri stimoli, sia come “testa
blemi di adattamento sociale e aggressività. tra le nuvole”, quando cioè stimoli interni e
In questa fase la diagnosi è ancora difficile pensieri distraggono dal compito. È frequen-
da fare perché alcuni criteri diagnostici te anche una distraibilità di tipo prolungato,
sono meno applicabili. Inoltre la richiesta cioè incapacità di mantenere l’attenzione su
di compiti attentivi è inferiore nella scuola uno stimolo e quindi necessità di cambiare
dell’infanzia rispetto alla primaria. Infine i costantemente attività, situazione più osser-
sintomi possono essere mascherati da un vabile nei bambini con sottotipo combinato.
comportamento oppositivo-provocatorio o Altro segno osservabile è il comportamento
da problemi di interazione genitori-bambi- impulsivo e dirompente. Infine, a questa età,
no. Rimane comunque utile un’osservazione è possibile che emergano disturbi associati
comportamentale che verifichi anche le con- in comorbidità o da innesto, come DSA,
dotte educative e regolative dei caregiver comportamento aggressivo, bassa autosti-
nei confronti del bambino. Ci sono, infatti, ma, bocciature per scarso rendimento sco-
soggetti con manifestazioni di tipo iperatti- lastico, difficoltà nei rapporti interpersonali,
vo e disattentivo solamente perché le con- quali rifiuto da parte dei compagni e rappor-
dotte educative dei caregiver sono “senza ti familiari difficili.
regole” e non vengono dati e fatti rispettare i n Nell’adolescenza è possibile assistere alla
confini e le basilari competenze di tipo prag- diminuzione di alcuni comportamenti
matico. Bisogna stare molto attenti su questi disfunzionali, ma è possibile anche una
aspetti per non “patologizzare” troppo tali virata verso altri disturbi. Ad esempio, l’irre-
problematiche e sapere distinguere, come quietezza motoria tende a diminuire, mentre
per i DSA, gli aspetti pedagogici da quelli la disattenzione è più persistente. Possono
clinici. Tra l’altro in questi “falsi ADHD”, il manifestarsi difficoltà nella pianificazione e

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BES e inclusività 63
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uno ai genitori, e uno agli insegnanti che fanno È sempre utile che il primo incontro avven-
parte della Batteria BIA che comprende anche ga alla presenza dei genitori, salvo che si
altri test specifici per la diagnosi dell’ADHD. tratti di un adolescente. In tal modo:
Questi questionari non hanno finalità diagno- n si limita il mascheramento dei sintomi deter-
stiche, ma sono orientativi per l’eventuale invio minato dalla situazione nuova e soprattutto
specialistico. Si tratta di rispondere a diciotto dal rapporto 1:1 che molto spesso ha causa-
domande dando un punteggio da zero a tre. Si to, nel passato, errori diagnostici;
sommano tutti i punteggi degli item dispari e n permette una diagnosi differenziale
poi quelli degli item pari. Se il risultato è supe- dell’ADHD.
riore a quattordici negli item dispari, siamo pro-
babilmente di fronte a difficoltà disattentive; se È molto importante che la diagnosi
il punteggio supera quattordici negli item pari, dell’ADHD, essendo un processo comples-
siamo probabilmente di fronte a problematiche so e difficile, venga effettuata da esper-
iperattivo-impulsive. Il conteggio è il medesimo ti non soltanto attraverso una semplice
sia per la Scala SDAG che è il questionario misurazione ma anche mediante l’osser-
compilato dai genitori, sia per la scala SDAI vazione. Essa è fondamentale soprattutto
che è quello compilato dagli insegnanti. A titolo per effettuare una diagnosi differenziale,
informativo la batteria contiene anche un que- poiché spesso un ADHD può mascherare
stionario per il bambino, la Scala SDAB, che altri disagi sottovalutati. Inoltre la disat-
è composta di quattordici domande e che noi tenzione, l’impulsività e l’iperattività
somministriamo, per ora, ai bambini un poco sono variabili che fanno parte della vita
più grandi e solo nell’osservazione in studio. di ciascuna persona, soprattutto in quella
I risultati di questi primi anni ci dicono che dei bambini e poiché queste variabili sono
quando i questionari, sia SDAG sia SDAI, risul- dimensionali, non è importante averle o
tano entrambi positivi, con buona frequenza ci meno, ma è fondamentale riconoscere l’in-
troviamo di fronte ad un bambino con ADHD e i tensità con cui si manifestano.
successivi controlli testistici contenuti nel BIA,
e che somministrano di norma gli psicologi, lo In linea generale cosa fa lo specialista a
confermano, così come la visita neuropsichia- livello riabilitativo?
trica. Come abbiamo già detto, la diagnosi non
Tornando all’iter diagnostico, in senso più gene- dovrebbe essere posta oltre le prime classi della
rale, sarà effettuato attraverso: primaria affinché sia possibile un intervento
n INTERVISTE E/O QUESTIONARI per geni- riabilitativo tempestivo che sostanzialmente si
tori, insegnanti e per lo stesso paziente; dipana, in assetto cognitivo-comportamentale e
n ANAMNESI E COLLOQUIO CON I GENITORI; farmacologico.
n VALUTAZIONE NEUROPSICOLOGICA n TRATTAMENTO CON IL BAMBINO
CON TEST SPECIFICI PER l’ADHD e TEST Un intervento di tipo cognitivo-compor-
COGNITIVO DEL BAMBINO; tamentale e/o metacognitivo, può rappre-
n OSSERVAZIONE e COLLOQUIO CLINICO sentare una valida integrazione alla pratica
DEL BAMBINO; clinica, in particolare per il fatto che nei
n VALUTAZIONE DI APPROFONDIMENTO soggetti ADHD è stato riscontrato un defi-
AREA EMOTIVA-AFFETTIVA. cit d’autoregolazione, ovvero una difficoltà

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BES e inclusività 65
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generale nella modulazione del comporta- influiscono in maniera consistente nelle
mento che comprende aspetti sia attentivi condotte e nelle prestazioni del soggetto.
che legati al problem solving e alla motiva- Vengono, per questo, somministrati farmaci
zione. stimolanti (metilfenidato).
Rispetto all’uso dei farmaci è bene avere una
I trattamenti che sono utilizzati vanno soprat- posizione equilibrata ed evitare le posizioni
tutto a lavorare su: ideologiche ed estremizzate. In alcuni casi il
n Sviluppo delle abilità, quali la ricerca delle loro utilizzo, prescritto dal neuropsichiatra,
informazioni immagazzinate in memoria. è talvolta necessario, ma bisogna essere
n Formulazione di inferenze logiche. certi della diagnosi e della gravità dei sinto-
n Potenziamento dei processi di riconosci- mi; la terapia riabilitativa intesa anche come
mento, recupero e implementazione delle trattamento in continuità può fare il resto.
strategie per permettere di emettere un’ade- Infine, nella nostra esperienza con i bambi-
guata prestazione in situazione di problem ni della primaria, abbiamo constatato che
solving. è molto utile un approccio psicomotorio,
n Potenziamento dei processi di controllo e specie sulle condotte segmentarie, di equi-
modulazione dell’attenzione (deficit di pro- libramento, di fissazione e inseguimento
duzione: i bambini sanno cosa fare, ma non visivo, tutte abilità che richiedono progres-
riescono a farlo). siva gestione e controllo. Così come sono
n Insegnamento di tecniche di autoistruzione molto utili da una parte attività sportive che
verbale per problemi di tipo logico, scolasti- permettono una scarica motoria e altre che
co e anche sociale (attraverso un modeling invece canalizzano l’energia e l’aggressivi-
dell’adulto). tà come, ad esempio, le arti marziali e la
n Uso della tecnica del “costo della risposta”. scherma.
Il bambino perde dei gettoni che gli sono
stati dati all’inizio della seduta, ogni qual 4.2.4 A scuola cosa si può fare dal punto di vista
volta mostra un comportamento inadeguato. educativo?
I gettoni conservati gli permettono di valuta- Una volta avuta la diagnosi, che in questo caso
re il suo operato. non è obbligatoria, in quanto l’ADHD è una
Il percorso intrapreso è considerato una tera- patologia con diagnosi non certificata, vale
pia della continuità, nel senso che dovrà sempre il medesimo criterio, di individuare
essere utilizzato anche a casa dai genitori, a il soggetto come BES e di stilare un PDP. In
scuola dagli insegnanti, nel tempo libero dagli questo caso non saranno utili solo gli strumenti
allenatori, educatori, animatori per raggiungere compensativi e dispensativi, ma andranno valu-
risultati più rapidi e stabili. tate insieme al CdC, meglio se con la presenza
dello specialista che segue il bambino o con
n TRATTAMENTO COMBINATO CON UN un pedagogista scolastico, le linee educative di
FARMACO intervento. Meglio, come dicevamo, se le strate-
Il farmaco da solo non funziona poiché non gia usate in riabilitazione vengono utilizzate in
ha proprietà curative, ma solamente di inibi- continuità anche a scuola.
zione dei sintomi, aspetto che comunque va Di seguito sono indicate alcune strategie da
considerato utile quando i comportamenti poter mettere in atto in questi casi e che pos-

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66 BES e inclusività
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sono essere riportate nel PDP, oltre ad altre che non riesce a fare. Indicazioni come “sta’
indicate dallo specialista. Vale anche in questo attento”, “non ti muovere”, “controllati” non gli
caso, come nel DSA, il fatto di non riprendere servono a nulla. Tantomeno i giudizi come “sei
il bambino e chiedergli di realizzare quello sempre distratto” e le punizioni.

ACCORGIMENTI PER CONTENERE UN’ECCESSIVA ATTIVITÀ (IPERATTIVITÀ)

Non tentare di ridurre l’attività dell’alunno, ma incanalarla e utilizzarla per accettabili finalità.
1. Affidare incarichi che permettano il movimento controllato nella classe per fini non distruttivi.
2. Permettere di stare in piedi di fronte al proprio posto, specialmente in prossimità della fine del compito.

Usare l’attività come un premio.

3. Concedere il permesso per un’attività (es. attribuire incarichi come portare un messaggio a qualcu-
no, pulire la lavagna, mettere a posto i libri della cattedra, sistemare le sedie) quale riconoscimento
individuale di un suo successo.
4. Usare l’attività come risposta alle istruzioni.
5. Usare metodi di insegnamento che incoraggino la risposta attiva (es. parlare, muoversi, organizzar-
si, lavorare alla lavagna).
6. Incoraggiare a tenere un diario dove scrivere, colorare ed altro.
7. Insegnare all’alunno a fare domande pertinenti.

ACCORGIMENTI PER CONTENERE L’INCAPACITÀ DI ATTENDERE (IMPULSIVITÀ)

1. Non chiedere all’alunno di aspettare, ma dargli un sostituto verbale o una risposta motoria da
compiere durante l’attesa, e, quando possibile, nel frattempo incoraggiare il suo fantasticare.
2. Istruire l’alunno a continuare una parte più facile del suo compito (o a farne uno sostitutivo)
nell’attesa dell’aiuto dell’insegnante.
3. Insegnare all’alunno ad affrontare in un test per prime le risposte a lui note.
4. Abituare l’alunno a sottolineare o a riscrivere le domande prima di cominciare, oppure a colorarne,
con un evidenziatore, le parti più rilevanti.
5. Incoraggiarlo a scarabocchiare o a giocare con la gomma, col segnalibro o con la matita mentre
aspetta o sta ad ascoltare delle istruzioni.
6. Incoraggiarlo a prendere appunti (anche se solo per poche parole, quelle che lui reputa le più
importanti).
7. Incoraggiarlo a tirare fuori le sue capacità positive di leadership invece di fraintendere la sua inca-
pacità di attendere come impazienza o prepotenza.
8. Suggerire o rinforzare altri ruoli (es. fare il capofila, distribuire i fogli).
9. Per gli alunni che sempre interrompono, insegnare loro come riconoscere le pause nella conversa-
zione e come non perdere il filo del discorso.
10. Indicare all’alunno quando serve un maggior autocontrollo per una specifica attività.
11. Insegnare e rinforzare le convenzioni sociali (es. buongiorno, ciao, per favore, grazie).

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ACCORGIMENTI PER COMPLETARE IN TEMPO I COMPITI ASSEGNATI
Incrementare l’organizzazione del lavoro con l’uso di liste, diari, quaderni di appunti, car-
telline.
1. Assegnare i compiti all’alunno scrivendoli su agendine tascabili/diari.
2. Scrivere i compiti assegnati sulla lavagna e assicurarsi che li abbia copiati.

Stabilire le consuetudini per quanto riguarda l’uso dei materiali della classe e per il vestiario.
1. Aiutare l’alunno a organizzare, con l’uso di raccoglitori, i compiti già fatti e quelli da svolgere; lo
stesso vale per gli appunti presi in classe per mantenerli in ordine cronologico.
2. Spingere i genitori a stabilire in casa consuetudini giornaliere su come riporre vestiario, oggetti
di uso comune, i libri e il materiale scolastico.
3. Aiutare l’alunno a tenere in ordine il banco organizzandogli lo spazio.

Organizzare il suo ambiente con divisori e materiali colorati.

1. Insegnare all’alunno l’abitudine di porsi delle domande prima di iniziare qualcosa o di lasciare un
luogo (es. “Ho tutto quello che mi serve?”).
2. Scrivere un promemoria da mettergli sul banco, sui libri, sul diario.
3. Incrementare la programmazione sequenziale del pensiero.

Esercitarsi alla programmazione.

1. Programmare le differenti attività (di cosa si ha bisogno, come dividere i compiti in più parti).
2. Prevedere il tempo necessario per ogni singola attività.
3. Insegnare strategie per studiare.

Usare classificazioni, divisioni logiche, ripartizioni.

1. Insegnare l’uso di sistemi di scrittura col computer per riordinare le idee.
2. Insegnare all’alunno a prendere note divise in tre colonne quando ascolta le spiegazioni o legge il
materiale (punti principali, punti di supporto, domande).

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 PROTOCOLLI E MODELLI 5
Colpo d’occhio: protocolli e modelli
5.1 MODELLO DI UN PAI
Bozza modello “PIANO ANNUALE PER L’INCLUSIONE” degli alunni con Bisogni Educativi Speciali

Scuola ______________________________________________________________ A. S. __________

Piano Annuale per l’Inclusione

Parte I – Analisi dei punti di forza e di criticità

A. Rilevazione dei BES presenti: n°

1. Disabilità certificate (Legge 104/92 art. 3, commi 1 e 3)
Minorati vista
Minorati udito
Psicofisici
2. Disturbi evolutivi specifici
DSA
ADHD/DOP
Borderline cognitivo
Altro
3. Svantaggio (indicare il disagio prevalente)
Socio-economico
Linguistico-culturale
Disagio comportamentale/relazionale
Altro
Totali
% su popolazione scolastica
N.° PEI redatti dai GLH operativi
N.° di PDP redatti dai Consigli di classe in presenza di certificazione sanitaria
N.° di PDP redatti dai Consigli di classe in assenza di certificazione sanitaria

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BES e inclusività 71
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B. Risorse professionali specifiche Prevalentemente utilizzate in… Sì / No

Insegnanti di sostegno Attività individualizzate e di piccolo

gruppo
Attività laboratoriali integrate
(classi aperte, laboratori protetti, ecc.)
AEC Attività individualizzate e di piccolo
gruppo
Attività laboratoriali integrate
(classi aperte, laboratori protetti, ecc.)
Assistenti alla comunicazione Attività individualizzate e di piccolo
gruppo
Attività laboratoriali integrate
(classi aperte, laboratori protetti, ecc.)
Funzioni strumentali / coordinamento
Referenti di Istituto (disabilità, DSA, BES)
Psicopedagogisti e affini esterni/interni
Docenti tutor/mentor
Altro:
Altro:
C. Coinvolgimento docenti Attraverso…
curricolari
Coordinatori di classe e simili Partecipazione a GLI
Rapporti con famiglie
Tutoraggio alunni
Progetti didattico-educativi a prevalen-
te tematica inclusiva
Altro:
Docenti con specifica formazione Partecipazione a GLI
Rapporti con famiglie
Tutoraggio alunni
Progetti didattico-educativi a prevalen-
te tematica inclusiva
Altro:

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72 BES e inclusività
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Altri docenti Partecipazione a GLI Sì / No
Rapporti con famiglie
Tutoraggio alunni
Progetti didattico-educativi a prevalen-
te tematica inclusiva
Altro:
D. Coinvolgimento personale ATA Assistenza alunni disabili
Progetti di inclusione / laboratori inte-
grati
Altro:
E. Coinvolgimento famiglie Informazione /formazione su genitoria-
lità e psicopedagogia dell’età evolutiva
della comunità educante
Coinvolgimento in progetti di inclusio-
ne
Coinvolgimento in attività di promo-
zione
Altro:
F. Rapporti con servizi sociosanitari Accordi di programma / protocolli di
territoriali e istituzioni deputate intesa formalizzati sulla disabilità
alla sicurezza. Rapporti con
CTS / CTI
Procedure condivise di intervento su
disagio e simili
Accordi di programma / protocolli di
intesa formalizzati su disagio e simili
Procedure condivise di intervento
sulla disabilità
Progetti territoriali integrati
Progetti integrati a livello di singola
scuola
Rapporti con CTS / CTI
Altro:

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BES e inclusività 73
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G. Rapporti con privato sociale e Progetti territoriali integrati
volontariato
Progetti integrati a livello di singola
scuola
Progetti a livello di reti di scuole
H. Formazione docenti Strategie e metodologie educativo-
didattiche/gestione della classe
Didattica speciale e progetti educati-
vo-didattici a prevalente tematica
inclusiva
Didattica interculturale / italiano L2
Psicologia e psicopatologia dell’età evo-
lutiva (compresi DSA, ADHD, ecc.)
Progetti di formazione su specifiche
disabilità (autismo, ADHD, Disabilità
intellettive, sensoriali…)
Altro:

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74 BES e inclusività
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Sintesi dei punti di forza e di criticità rilevati:* 0 1 2 3 4

Aspetti organizzativi e gestionali coinvolti nel cambiamen-

to inclusivo.

Possibilità di strutturare percorsi specifici di formazione e

aggiornamento degli insegnanti.

Adozione di strategie di valutazione coerenti con prassi

inclusive.

Organizzazione dei diversi tipi di sostegno presenti all’in-

terno della scuola.

Organizzazione dei diversi tipi di sostegno presenti all’e-

sterno della scuola, in rapporto ai diversi servizi esistenti.

Ruolo delle famiglie e della comunità nel dare supporto e

nel partecipare alle decisioni che riguardano l’organizzazio-
ne delle attività educative.

Sviluppo di un curricolo attento alle diversità e alla promo-

zione di percorsi formativi inclusivi.

Valorizzazione delle risorse esistenti.

Acquisizione e distribuzione di risorse aggiuntive utilizzabi-

li per la realizzazione dei progetti di inclusione.

Attenzione dedicata alle fasi di transizione che scandiscono

l’ingresso nel sistema scolastico, la continuità tra i diversi
ordini di scuola e il successivo inserimento lavorativo.

Altro:

Altro:

* = 0: per niente 1: poco 2: abbastanza 3: molto 4: moltissimo (Adattato dagli indicatori UNESCO per la valu-
tazione del grado di inclusività dei sistemi scolastici)

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Parte II – Obiettivi di incremento dell’inclusività proposti per il prossimo anno

Aspetti organizzativi e gestionali coinvolti nel cambiamento inclusivo (chi fa cosa, livelli di
responsabilità nelle pratiche di intervento, ecc.).

Possibilità di strutturare percorsi specifici di formazione e aggiornamento degli insegnanti.

Adozione di strategie di valutazione coerenti con prassi inclusive.

Organizzazione dei diversi tipi di sostegno presenti all’interno della scuola.

Organizzazione dei diversi tipi di sostegno presenti all’esterno della scuola, in rapporto ai diversi
servizi esistenti.

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76 BES e inclusività
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Ruolo delle famiglie e della comunità nel dare supporto e nel partecipare alle decisioni che
riguardano l’organizzazione delle attività educative.

Sviluppo di un curricolo attento alle diversità e alla promozione di percorsi formativi inclusivi.

Valorizzazione delle risorse esistenti.

Acquisizione e distribuzione di risorse aggiuntive utilizzabili per la realizzazione dei progetti di

inclusione.

Attenzione dedicata alle fasi di transizione che scandiscono l’ingresso nel sistema scolastico, la
continuità tra i diversi ordini di scuola e il successivo inserimento lavorativo.

• Approvato dal Gruppo di Lavoro per l’Inclusione in data _________

• Deliberato dal Collegio dei Docenti in data _________
Allegati:
• Proposta di assegnazione organico di sostegno e altre risorse specifiche (AEC, Assistenti
Comunicazione, ecc.)

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5.2 MODELLO DI UN PDP

PDP
PIANO DIDATTICO PERSONALIZZATO

• Per allievi con Disturbi Specifici di Apprendimento (DSA-Legge 170/2010)

• Per allievi con altri Bisogni Educativi Speciali (BES DM 27/12/2012; CM n. 8 del 6 marzo 2013)

Istituto _____________________________________________________________ A. S. __________

Alunno/a: __________________________________________________________ Classe: _______________

Coordinatore di classe/Team: _______________________________________________________________

Referente/i DSA/BES
Coordinatore GLI _________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

La compilazione del PDP è effettuata dopo un periodo di osservazione dell’allievo, entro il primo
trimestre. Il PDP viene deliberato dal Consiglio di classe/Team, firmato dal Dirigente Scolastico, dai
docenti e dalla famiglia (e dall’allievo qualora lo si ritenga opportuno).

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SEZIONE A (comune a tutti gli allievi con DSA e altri BES)
Dati anagrafici e informazioni essenziali di presentazione dell’allievo

Cognome e nome allievo/a: _________________________________________________________________

Luogo di nascita: _________________________________________ Data ________ / ________ / ________

Lingua madre: _____________________________________________________________________________

Eventuale bilinguismo: _____________________________________________________________________

1) INDIVIDUAZIONE DELLA SITUAZIONE DI BISOGNO EDUCATIVO SPECIALE DA PARTE DI:

• SERVIZIO SANITARIO - Diagnosi / Relazione multiprofessionale: ____________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________
(o diagnosi rilasciata da privati, in attesa di ratifica e certificazione da parte del Servizio Sanitario
Nazionale)

Codice ICD10: ____________________________________________________________________________

Redatta da: ________________________________________________ in data _______ / _______ / _______

Aggiornamenti diagnostici: __________________________________________________________________

Altre relazioni cliniche: ______________________________________________________________________

Interventi riabilitativi: _______________________________________________________________________

• ALTRO SERVIZIO - Documentazione presentata alla scuola

Redatta da: ________________________________________________ in data _______ / _______ / _______

(relazione da allegare)
• CONSIGLIO DI CLASSE/TEAM DOCENTI - Relazione

Redatta da: ________________________________________________ in data _______ / _______ / _______

(relazione da allegare)

2) INFORMAZIONI GENERALI FORNITE DALLA FAMIGLIA / ENTI AFFIDATARI

(ad esempio percorso scolastico pregresso, ripetenze…)

___________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________

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SEZIONE B – PARTE I (allievi con DSA)

Descrizione delle abilità e dei comportamenti

DIAGNOSI SPECIALISTICA OSSERVAZIONE IN CLASSE

(dati rilevabili, se presenti, nella (dati rilevati direttamente dagli insegnanti)
diagnosi)
LETTURA LETTURA
______________________________ VELOCITÀ • Molto lenta
______________________________ • Lenta
______________________________ • Scorrevole
______________________________
______________________________ CORRETTEZZA • Adeguata
______________________________ • Non adeguata (ad esempio
______________________________ confonde/inverte/sostituisce/
______________________________ omette lettere o sillabe)
______________________________ COMPRENSIONE • Scarsa
______________________________ • Essenziale
______________________________ • Globale
______________________________ • Completa-analitica
SCRITTURA SCRITTURA
______________________________ SOTTO DETTATURA • Corretta
______________________________ • Poco corretta
______________________________ • Scorretta
______________________________ TIPOLOGIA ERRORI
______________________________ • Fonologici
______________________________ • Non fonologici
______________________________ • Fonetici
______________________________ ADERENZA CONSEGNA
______________________________ Spesso Talvolta Mai
______________________________ CORRETTA STRUTTURA
______________________________ MORFO-SINTATTICA
______________________________ Spesso Talvolta Mai

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DIAGNOSI SPECIALISTICA OSSERVAZIONE IN CLASSE
(dati rilevabili, se presenti, nella (dati rilevati direttamente dagli insegnanti)
diagnosi)
GRAFIA GRAFIA
______________________________ PRODUZIONE CORRETTA STRUTTURA
______________________________ AUTONOMA/ TESTUALE
______________________________ (narrativo, descrittivo, regolativo …)
______________________________ Spesso Talvolta Mai
______________________________ CORRETTEZZA ORTOGRAFICA
______________________________ Spesso Talvolta Mai
______________________________ USO PUNTEGGIATURA
______________________________ LEGGIBILE
______________________________ Si Poco No
______________________________ TRATTO
______________________________ Premuto Leggero Ripassato Incerto
CALCOLO CALCOLO
______________________________ Difficoltà visuo-spaziali Spesso Talvolta Mai
______________________________ (es. quantificazione
automatizzata)
______________________________
______________________________ Recupero di fatti Raggiunto Parziale Non ragg.
numerici (es: tabelline)
______________________________
______________________________ Automatizzazione Raggiunto Parziale Non ragg.
dell’algoritmo
______________________________
procedurale
______________________________
Errori di processamento Spesso Talvolta Mai
______________________________
numerico (negli aspetti
______________________________ cardinali e ordinali e nella
______________________________ corrispondenza tra
______________________________ numero e quantità)
______________________________ Uso degli algoritmi di Adeguata Parziale Non adeg.
______________________________ base del calcolo
______________________________ (scritto e a mente)

______________________________ Capacità di Adeguata Parziale Non adeg.

______________________________ problem solving
______________________________ Comprensione del Adeguata Parziale Non adeg.
testo di un problema

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ALTRE CARATTERISTICHE DEL PROCESSO DI APPRENDIMENTO

(Dati rilevabili se presenti nella diagnosi) OSSERVAZIONE IN CLASSE

(dati rilevati direttamente dagli insegnanti)

PROPRIETÀ LINGUISTICA PROPRIETÀ LINGUISTICA

• Difficoltà nella strutturazione della frase

• Difficoltà nel reperimento lessicale
• Difficoltà nell’esposizione orale

MEMORIA MEMORIA

DIFFICOLTÀ NEL MEMORIZZARE:

• Categorizzazioni
• Formule, strutture grammaticali, algoritmi (tabel-
line, nomi, date …)
• Sequenze e procedure

ATTENZIONE ATTENZIONE

• Attenzione visuo-spaziale
• Selettiva
• Intensiva

AFFATICABILITÀ AFFATICABILITÀ

Sì Poca No

PRASSIE PRASSIE

• Difficoltà di esecuzione
• Difficoltà di pianificazione
• Difficoltà di programmazione e progettazione

ALTRO ALTRO

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SEZIONE B – PARTE II Allievi con altri Bisogni Educativi Speciali (Non DSA)
Descrizione delle abilità e dei comportamenti

Rientrano in questa sezione le tipologie di disturbo evolutivo specifico (non DSA) e le situazioni di
svantaggio socioeconomico, culturale e linguistico citate dalla CM n. 8 del 6 marzo 2013.

1) DOCUMENTAZIONE GIÀ IN POSSESSO:

• Diagnosi di ___________________________________________________________________________
• Documentazione altri servizi (tipologia) __________________________________________________
• Relazione del consiglio di classe/team - in data ____________________________________________

2) INFORMAZIONI SPECIFICHE DESUNTE DAI DOCUMENTI SOPRA INDICATI

________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________

3) DESCRIZIONE DELLE ABILITÀ E DEI COMPORTAMENTI OSSERVABILI A SCUOLA DA PARTE

DEI DOCENTI DI CLASSE
• per gli allievi con svantaggio socioeconomico, linguistico e culturale, senza diagnosi specialistica,
si suggerisce la compilazione della griglia osservativa proposta qui di seguito;
• per gli allievi con Disturbi Evolutivi Specifici si suggerisce l’osservazione e la descrizione del com-
portamento e degli apprendimenti sulla base delle priorità di ciascuna disciplina, anche utilizzando
gli indicatori predisposti per gli allievi con DSA (Sezione B - parte I).
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________

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GRIGLIA OSSERVATIVA per ALLIEVI Osservazione Eventuale
CON BES “III FASCIA” degli osservazione
(Area dello svantaggio socioeconomico, INSEGNANTI di altri operatori
linguistico e culturale) (es. educatori, ove
presenti)

Manifesta difficoltà di lettura/scrittura 2 1 0 9 2 1 0 9

Manifesta difficoltà di espressione orale 2 1 0 9 2 1 0 9

Manifesta difficoltà logico/matematiche 2 1 0 9 2 1 0 9

Manifesta difficoltà nel rispetto delle regole 2 1 0 9 2 1 0 9

Manifesta difficoltà nel mantenere l’attenzione 2 1 0 9 2 1 0 9

durante le spiegazioni
Non svolge regolarmente i compiti a casa 2 1 0 9 2 1 0 9

Non esegue le consegne che gli vengono 2 1 0 9 2 1 0 9

proposte in classe
Manifesta difficoltà nella comprensione delle 2 1 0 9 2 1 0 9
consegne proposte
Fa domande non pertinenti all’insegnante/ 2 1 0 9 2 1 0 9
educatore
Disturba lo svolgimento delle lezioni (distrae i 2 1 0 9 2 1 0 9
compagni, ecc.)
Non presta attenzione ai richiami 2 1 0 9 2 1 0 9
dell’insegnante/educatore
Manifesta difficoltà a stare fermo nel proprio 2 1 0 9 2 1 0 9
banco
Si fa distrarre dai compagni 2 1 0 9 2 1 0 9

Manifesta timidezza 2 1 0 9 2 1 0 9

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GRIGLIA OSSERVATIVA per ALLIEVI Osservazione Eventuale
CON BES “III FASCIA” degli osservazione
(Area dello svantaggio socioeconomico, INSEGNANTI di altri operatori
linguistico e culturale) (es. educatori, ove
presenti)

Viene escluso dai compagni dalle attività 2 1 0 9 2 1 0 9

scolastiche
Viene escluso dai compagni dalle attività di 2 1 0 9 2 1 0 9
gioco
Tende ad autoescludersi dalle attività 2 1 0 9 2 1 0 9
scolastiche
Tende ad autoescludersi dalle attività di gioco/ 2 1 0 9 2 1 0 9
ricreative
Non porta a scuola i materiali necessari alle 2 1 0 9 2 1 0 9
attività scolastiche
Ha scarsa cura dei materiali per le attività 2 1 0 9 2 1 0 9
scolastiche (propri e della scuola)
Dimostra scarsa fiducia nelle proprie capacità 2 1 0 9 2 1 0 9

LEGENDA
2 L’elemento descritto dal criterio mette in evidenza problematicità rilevanti o reiterate
1 L’elemento descritto dal criterio mette in evidenza problematicità lievi o occasionali
0 L’elemento descritto dal criterio non mette in evidenza particolari problematicità
9 L’elemento descritto non solo non mette in evidenza problematicità, ma rappresenta un “punto di forza”
dell’allievo, su cui fare leva nell’intervento

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BES e inclusività 85
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SEZIONE C (comune a tutti gli allievi con DSA e altri BES)
C.1 - Osservazione di ulteriori aspetti significativi

MOTIVAZIONE
Partecipazione al dialogo Molto Adeguata Adeguata Poco Adeguata Non adeguata
educativo
Consapevolezza delle Molto Adeguata Adeguata Poco Adeguata Non adeguata
proprie difficoltà
Consapevolezza dei propri Molto Adeguata Adeguata Poco Adeguata Non adeguata
punti di forza
Autostima Molto Adeguata Adeguata Poco Adeguata Non adeguata

ATTEGGIAMENTI E COMPORTAMENTI RISCONTRABILI A SCUOLA

Regolarità frequenza Molto Adeguata Adeguata Poco Adeguata Non adeguata
scolastica
Accettazione e rispetto Molto Adeguata Adeguata Poco Adeguata Non adeguata
delle regole
Rispetto degli impegni Molto Adeguata Adeguata Poco Adeguata Non adeguata

Accettazione consapevole Molto Adeguata Adeguata Poco Adeguata Non adeguata

degli strumenti compensativi
e delle misure dispensative
Autonomia nel lavoro Molto Adeguata Adeguata Poco Adeguata Non adeguata

STRATEGIE UTILIZZATE DALL’ALUNNO NELLO STUDIO

Sottolinea, identifica parole Efficace Da potenziare
chiave …
Utilizza strumenti informatici Efficace Da potenziare
(computer, correttore
ortografico, software …)
Usa strategie di Efficace Da potenziare
memorizzazione (immagini,
colori, riquadrature …)
Altro
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________

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APPRENDIMENTO DELLE LINGUE STRANIERE

Pronuncia difficoltosa

• Difficoltà di acquisizione degli automatismi grammaticali di base

• Difficoltà nella scrittura

• Difficoltà acquisizione nuovo lessico

• Notevoli differenze tra comprensione del testo scritto e orale

• Notevoli differenze tra produzione scritta e orale

• Altro:

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________

INFORMAZIONI GENERALI FORNITE DALL’ALUNNO/STUDENTE

Interessi, difficoltà, attività in cui si sente capace, punti di forza, aspettative, richieste…

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

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C.2 - Patto Educativo

Si concorda con la famiglia e lo studente:

Nelle attività di studio l’allievo

• è seguito da un Tutor nelle discipline: ___________________________________________________
con cadenza: quotidiana bisettimanale settimanale quindicinale
• è seguito da familiari
• ricorre all’aiuto di compagni
• utilizza strumenti compensativi
• altro ________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

Strumenti da utilizzare nel lavoro a casa

• strumenti informatici (pc, videoscrittura con correttore ortografico,…)
• tecnologia di sintesi vocale
• appunti scritti al pc
• registrazioni digitali
• materiali multimediali (video, simulazioni…)
• testi semplificati e/o ridotti
• fotocopie
• schemi e mappe
• altro ________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

Attività scolastiche individualizzate programmate

• attività di recupero
• attività di consolidamento e/o di potenziamento
• attività di laboratorio
• attività di classi aperte (per piccoli gruppi)
• attività curriculari all’esterno dell’ambiente scolastico
• attività di carattere culturale, formativo, socializzante
• altro ________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

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SEZIONE D - INTERVENTI EDUCATIVI E DIDATTICI
D.1 - Strategie di personalizzazione/individualizzazione
Tabella strumenti compensativi, misure dispensative, strategie didattiche.

Disciplina o ambito Strumenti Strategie Obiettivi disciplinari Parametri di

disciplinare compensativi/ didattiche personalizzati valutazione
misure inclusive se necessari
dispensative (conoscenze/competenze)
MATERIA
_________________________
Firma docente:
_________________________
MATERIA
_________________________
Firma docente:
_________________________
MATERIA
_________________________
Firma docente:
_________________________
MATERIA
_________________________
Firma docente:
_________________________

D.2 - Interventi educativi e didattici - Strategie di Personalizzazione/Individualizzazione

su “Base ICF”
In base alla programmazione curricolare di classe e alle informazioni sul funzionamento dell’allievo
ottenute dalla lettura dei documenti e dalla compilazione del PDP, sin qui, ciascun docente disci-
plinare avrà cura di individuare una o due abilità/capacità che riterrà opportuno provare a
potenziare, sulla base delle priorità legate ai principi formativi della materia.
Dovrà quindi specificare gli strumenti compensativi, le misure dispensative e le strategie didattiche
– funzionali al miglioramento delle performance nelle attività e nella partecipazione – e indicare le
modalità di verifica e i criteri di valutazione ritenuti idonei (tutti aspetti che possono essere facili-
tatori/ostacoli per l’allievo nel contesto di apprendimento). Ciascun docente potrà quindi compilare
una o più caselle, a seconda del numero di abilità e/o capacità scelte, sulle quali lavorerà in modo
mirato per il loro potenziamento o compensazione. Le misure dispensative andranno pensate in
relazione agli elementi “barriera” all’apprendimento più che agli obiettivi dell’apprendimento.

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Tabella strumenti compensativi, misure dispensative, strategie didattiche - “Modello ICF”.

Disciplina/ambito Descrizione delle Strumenti Strategie didattiche

disciplinare/strumenti abilità/capacità da compensativi/ inclusive
compensativi potenziare Misure dispensative
(vedi quadro riassuntivo) (sceglierne una o due, in
ordine di priorità)

Codice ICF (attività e

partecipazione):

Livello di problema1 al
Tempo 1:
0-1-2-3-4
(indicare qualificatore)

Nel linguaggio ICF: gestione, introduzione o rimozione di Fattori ambientali contestuali che, nella situazione
descritta, costituiscono una facilitazione o una barriera per l’allievo.

MATERIA Codice ICF (attività e

___________________ partecipazione):

Livello di problema
al Tempo 1:
(qualificatore)
0-1-2-3-4

MATERIA Codice ICF (attività e

___________________ partecipazione):
___________________

Livello di problema
al Tempo 1:
(qualificatore)
0-1-2-3-4

1 Segnare il livello di difficoltà nella abilità individuata sia all’inizio sia al termine del percorso di personalizza-
zione, al fine di registrare l’eventuale miglioramento; i livelli sono articolati secondo i qualificatori ICF:
0 - nessun problema; 1 - problema lieve; 2 - problema moderato; 3 - problema severo; 4 - problema completo.
2 Si evidenzia che in caso di diagnosi di Funzionamento Intellettivo Limite può essere necessario calibrare

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Obiettivi Disciplinari Modalità di Altro Descrizione delle
Personalizzati2 verifica e criteri di performance
(se necessario): valutazione raggiunte3
da individuare in (Che cosa l’allievo è
relazione ai livelli capace di fare dopo
essenziali attesi per le l’esperienza facilitante/
competenze in uscita di potenziamento)

Codice ICF (attività e

partecipazione):

Livello di problema
al Tempo 2:
0 -1 - 2 - 3 - 4
(indicare qualificatore)

Codice ICF (attività e

partecipazione):
___________________
___________________
___________________

Livello di problema
al Tempo 2:
(qualificatore)
0 -1 - 2 - 3 - 4

Codice ICF (attività e

partecipazione):
___________________
___________________
___________________

Livello di problema
al Tempo 2:
(qualificatore)
0 -1 - 2 - 3 - 4

il Percorso Personalizzato sui livelli essenziali attesi per le competenze in uscita, mentre risulta generalmente
meno opportuno in caso di diagnosi di DSA o altro BES.
3 L’ultima colonna è da compilare al termine del percorso didattico personalizzato, il cui periodo è definito da
ogni consiglio di classe/team in relazione ai singoli casi.

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MATERIA Codice ICF (attività e
___________________ partecipazione):
___________________

Livello di problema
al Tempo 1:
(qualificatore)
0-1-2-3-4

MATERIA Codice ICF (attività e

___________________ partecipazione):
___________________

Livello di problema
al Tempo 1:
(qualificatore)
0-1-2-3-4

MATERIA Codice ICF (attività e

___________________ partecipazione):
___________________

Livello di problema
al Tempo 1:
(qualificatore)
0-1-2-3-4

MATERIA Codice ICF (attività e

___________________ partecipazione):
___________________

Livello di problema
al Tempo 1:
(qualificatore)
0-1-2-3-4

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Codice ICF (attività e
partecipazione):
___________________
___________________
___________________

Livello di problema
al Tempo 2:
(qualificatore)
0 -1 - 2 - 3 - 4
Codice ICF (attività e
partecipazione):
___________________
___________________
___________________

Livello di problema
al Tempo 2:
(qualificatore)
0 -1 - 2 - 3 - 4
Codice ICF (attività e
partecipazione):
___________________
___________________
___________________

Livello di problema
al Tempo 2:
(qualificatore)
0 -1 - 2 - 3 - 4
Codice ICF (attività e
partecipazione):
___________________
___________________
___________________

Livello di problema
al Tempo 2:
(qualificatore)
0 -1 - 2 - 3 - 4

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BES e inclusività 93
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SEZIONE E

Quadro riassuntivo degli strumenti compensativi - parametri e criteri per la verifica/valutazione4.

STRUMENTI COMPENSATIVI
(legge 170/10 e linee guida 12/07/11)

C1 Utilizzo di computer e tablet (possibilmente con stampante).

C2 Utilizzo di programmi di video-scrittura con correttore ortografico

(possibilmente vocale) e con tecnologie di sintesi vocale (anche per le
lingue straniere).

C3 Utilizzo di risorse audio (file audio digitali, audiolibri…).

C4 Utilizzo del registratore digitale o di altri strumenti di registrazione per

uso personale.

C5 Utilizzo di ausili per il calcolo (tavola pitagorica, linee dei numeri…) ed

eventualmente della calcolatrice con foglio di calcolo (possibilmente
calcolatrice vocale).

C6 Utilizzo di schemi, tabelle, mappe e diagrammi di flusso come supporto

durante compiti e verifiche scritte.

C7 Utilizzo di formulari e di schemi e/o mappe delle varie discipline scien-

tifiche come supporto durante compiti e verifiche scritte.

C8 Utilizzo di mappe e schemi durante le interrogazioni, eventualmente

anche su supporto digitalizzato (presentazioni multimediali), per facili-
tare il recupero delle informazioni.

C9 Utilizzo di dizionari digitali (cd rom, risorse on line).

C10 Utilizzo di software didattici e compensativi (free e/o commerciali).

C11 Altro ______________________________________________________

4 In caso di esame di stato, gli strumenti adottati dovranno essere indicati nella riunione preliminare
per l’esame conclusivo del primo ciclo e nel documento del 15 maggio della scuola secondaria di II
grado (DPR 323/1998; DM 5669 del 12/07/2011; artt 6-18 O.M. n. 13 del 2013) in cui il Consiglio di Classe dovrà
indicare modalità, tempi e sistema valutativo previsti.

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PROPOSTE DI ADEGUAMENTI-ARRICCHIMENTI DELLA DIDATTICA
“PER LA CLASSE” IN RELAZIONE AGLI STRUMENTI/STRATEGIE
INTRODOTTI PER L’ALLIEVO CON BES5

Strumenti/strategie di potenziamento- Proposte di modifiche per la classe

compensazione scelti per l’allievo

5
Si ricorda che molti strumenti compensativi non costituiscono un ausilio “eccezionale” o alternativo a
quelli utilizzabili nella didattica “ordinaria” per tutta la classe; al contrario, essi possono rappresentare un’occa-
sione di arricchimento e differenziazione della didattica a favore di tutti gli studenti (come ad esempio
per quanto riguarda l’uso delle mappe concettuali o di altri organizzatori concettuali e di supporti informatici).
Si consiglia di esplicitare/documentare i miglioramenti della didattica per tutti in tal senso, attraverso la
compilazione della tabella sopra riportata. Tali azioni contribuiranno all’individuazione/integrazione di processi
di miglioramento dell’inclusione scolastica da esplicitare nel Piano Annuale dell’Inclusione (PAI) e favori-
ranno il raccordo tra i documenti.

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BES e inclusività 95
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174

98 BES e inclusività
 Alison Smith

EXPLORE TRAVEL & TOURISM

TEACHER'S GUIDE

Teaching notes and answer key p. 100

Map your knowledge — Review Units 1-6 p. 251

Explore — Prove d'Esame p. 261

 TEACHING NOTES and ANSWER KEY

UNIT 1 The Tourism Industry

Pages 10-11 Pages 12-13
1 Personal answers 1 Personal answers

Holiday to Sardinia, visiting relatives in another city – Background information

domestic tourism (if you are in Italy naturally);
Artemis Temple was one of the Seven Ancient
Brighton, medical conference, New York – international,
Wonders of the World. It was a Greek temple
outbound tourism for Italy (inbound for the other country).
dedicated to the goddess Artemis (goddess of
the hunt, wild animals, childbirth and virginity).
2 PET Reading Part 3 Situated near the modern day town of Selcuk in
1F 2T 3T 4F 5F 6T Turkey, only the foundations and some
fragments remain today as it was destroyed in
1 A person travelling for business can be 401 AD. Some fragments can also be seen in the
considered a tourist, just like people travelling British Museum.
for leisure.
4 It is an example of outbound tourism for the Canterbury – Today Canterbury Cathedral is the
USA, the country of origin, but inbound tourism destination for pilgrims travelling from
for the UK, the country the tourist enters. Winchester and Rochester in the UK and it is
5 People who travel for business are likely to the start of the route to Santiago de
spend more, especially if their company pays for Compostela in Spain and the Via Francigena to
some or all of the trip. Rome. However it has been the destination of
pilgrims since medieval times and was the
3 destination of the pilgrims in Chaucer’s
Canterbury Tales.
DOMESTIC travel within the It became an important pilgrimage site after the
same country
murder of the Archbishop Thomas Becket in
1170. On the orders of King Henry II, four
someone knights went to Canterbury and murdered
TYPES travelling Thomas in the cathedral. The place where it
Outbound out of their happened is known as the Martyrdom. After the
country
murder, it is said that miracles started to
INTERNATIONAL happen and so it became an important
destination for pilgrims.
someone
Johann Wolfgang Goethe (German writer
TOURISM Inbound entering a
different 1749-1832, famous works include The Sorrows of
country Young Werther, Faust) travelled to Italy, and in
particular Rome and Sicily, between 1786 and
1788. He was interested in the classical art of
BUSINESS travel for work reasons Ancient Rome and Greece, and wanted to
expand his knowledge of philosophy and art. He
kept diaries of his travels and in 1816 he
travel for pleasure published Italian Journey. This painting of
REASONS LEISURE and enjoyment Goethe in the Roman countryside is by his
friend and artist Johann Heinrich Wilhelm
principal reason for Tischbein, with whom he spent much time in
VFR travel is to see family Rome.
and friends
Bridlington is a town on the coast of Yorkshire
4 1 relatives 4 purpose/reason
in England. This small fishing port developed
2 school trip 5 leisure
into a seaside resort in the early 19th century.
3 environment 6 pleasure/enjoyment
The first hotel opened in 1805. With the
5 Personal answers opening of the new railway station in 1846,

100 U NI T 1 | The Tourism Industry

 go on short holidays. Today, the question of
it became a popular holiday resort with the money is still important, but there are many
workers from the nearby industrial towns like more options available with things like cheap
Sheffield and Leeds. It still has a promenade, flights, hostels, airbnb and so on so people can
sandy beaches and lots of entertainment like still travel and go on holiday even if they have a
donkey rides and funfairs for a traditional limited budget.
British day out at the seaside.

Powered by turbine engines, jet planes could fly 3

higher and faster than the previous piston-
powered propliners. In the 1950s, companies • to expand empires, to trade
Greeks and • wealthy citizens only
like Boeing developed the 707 and then the
Romans • cultural, recreational purposes
jumbo jet 747 in the 1970s. This marked an • good road network
important change for the tourism industry.
Compared to its predecessor the 707, it could
carry more passengers on each flight for longer • decline in roads, dangers and
distances. It had a double deck over part of its Middle Ages and risks from bandits and robbers
Renaissance • to explore and trade
length and the upper part provided extra
• for religious pilgrimages
seating or a first class cabin. The width of the
plane meant more seats could be fitted in with
two aisles instead of the one in previous planes. • Grand Tour for the wealthy and
aristocrats
• in Europe, mainly France and Italy
18th century • to enrich culture and learning
2 1 The Greeks and Romans could be considered to
• first only for men, then rich
be the first tourists as they travelled to trade but HISTORY OF
TOURISM women too
also for recreational, educational and cultural
purposes.
2 The difficulties were things like the risk of • changes caused by Industrial
meeting bandits and robbers on the roads, as Revolution
well as the amount of time and money it took to • increase in wealth of middle
19th century classes ‑ able to take short
travel.
holidays
3 In these two periods, the most common reasons • invention of steamships and
for travel were exploration, trade and religious trains made travel more accessible
pilgrimages.
4 Members of the aristocracy and the upper
classes took part in the Grand Tour. It was • train travel for the masses
expensive to travel so far and for such a long
• introduction of holiday camps
and caravan parks
time so only the very rich could afford to do • private car ownership, paid
20th century
this. In addition, they would have already holidays
studied things like art, literature and Latin so • plane travel, package holidays
they would be interested in learning more. It was and mass tourism
probably also a bit of a status symbol for them
when they came home.
5 Developments like the steamship and train made
4 1 wealthy 5 dangerous
2 educational 6 religious
transport quicker and cheaper so that more
3 recreational 7 fashionable
people could travel, not just the wealthy. People
4 historical 8 accessible
became interested in the idea of a holiday for
the first time. Then the jumbo jet made travelling
to more distant places much easier.
5 1 deteriorate 4 rise
2 risk 5 entertainment
6 In the past, travel was only for those who had a
3 trade 6 widespread
lot of money to spend. It was an exclusive
activity that the lower classes and poor people
could not take part in. In the early part of the
6 Personal answers
20th century, places like holiday camps started
and there was the possibility for more people to

The Tourism Industry | U N I T 1 101

 Pages 14-15 Page 16
1 Personal answers 1 Personal answers

2 1d 2a 3e 4c 5b 2 PET Reading Part 3

1T 2F 3T 4F 5F 6F 7T
3 Possible answers:
• Investments – governments invested in
2 Tourism is often in first position for LEDCs and
infrastructure (roads, airports), private
so very important.
investment in hotels and other facilities
4 Europe contributes the highest percentage.
• TV and other media – people can see and
5 It refers to the other sectors which are affected
learn more about different places and then
by tourism but that are not directly involved in
they want to visit them, online travel agencies,
providing the services to the tourists.
being able to organise a holiday by yourself
6 It is used as an example to show the direct and
• Competition – more competition between
indirect economic impact of tourism – a cruise
companies, like airlines, tour operators and so
holiday has direct and indirect effects on the
on, make prices cheaper and give more choice
economy as it directly benefits the cruise
• Low-cost airlines – reduced prices of air travel,
company and indirectly benefits other businesses.
introduced new locations
• Free time – more time to spend on holiday
3 1 key 4 impact
• Income – people have more disposable income
2 infrastructure 5 expenditure
which they decide to use for holidays rather
3 source 6 core
than for other things

4 Personal answers Page 17

1 1 The money and profits go to the foreign
5 ES
company instead of the local community. In
1 They are consistently popular because their
addition, they might employ a lot of foreign
appeal is timeless and they are attractive to all
workers, meaning high unemployment for the
types of visitors.
local community or low paid, seasonal jobs.
2 People like to follow trends in general and the
2 Money can be invested in infrastructure and
same is true for holiday destinations. Therefore
services which benefit the local people; they
everyone ends up going to the same
could have jobs and learn new skills; their local
destinations in the same year.
businesses, like shops and restaurants, could
3 Iceland, Alaska, the Arctic and Antarctica are all
benefit from the tourists.
predicted to be popular.
3 House prices can increase so they can no longer
4 People will be interested in safaris which are
afford to buy. They might lose their jobs to
sustainable and help preserve wildlife.
foreign workers.
5 Lonely Planet publishes travel guidebooks
4 There can be damage and erosion to the local
and it is aimed at a wider audience than
environment caused by the construction of new
Virtuoso, which is an association of luxury
resorts and roads and by the number of visitors.
travel agents and therefore aimed at a specific
There could be a shortage of natural resources
target market.
like water, and an increase in pollution and litter
6 Chile could become a popular destination
which will damage the environment.
because of the wide variety of landscapes and
natural environments and also because its
2 Personal answers
capital, Santiago, is a trendy city.

6 Personal answers Pages 18-19

Online worksheets
1 Personal answers
You can download the worksheets Threats to
Background information
tourism and Accessible tourism from our website
www.elilaspigaedizioni.it in the section called On the website toomuchtoask.org (from the WTTC),
Explore. there is an interesting video that students could

102 U NI T 1 | The Tourism Industry

 6 The principles of sustainable tourism need to be
watch: it is not that easy to understand the words
considered before and after you go on holiday.
(due to deliberate and dramatic sound effects) but
Before, you should choose companies with
the images are very evocative and give rise to many
sound ethics and sustainable policies rather
discussion points about the beauty of the natural
than just the cheapest option. You can offset
world and the damage that is being done.
your carbon footprint. And, after a holiday, you
There are 10 pledges – including those shown in
can tell people about both good and negative
the photos on these pages (buying locally
experiences of a company’s sustainable
produced goods, protecting the environment and
approach so they can choose it or avoid it.
animals, respecting history and culture) – which
students can read and promise to do/act upon.
3
This could be done simply by reading each short
pledge. Alternatively each pledge page also • implement laws and codes of
provides extra information on the topic which conduct
could serve as a useful source of links for a governments and • have many checks to make sure
organisations they are respected
research project on the importance of one of the • fine companies that don’t follow
pledges to be given as homework or a project. these laws

People should follow more closely the local laws/regulations

• follow international and
for recycling, the councils should provide more litter bins in
government guidelines
the street and improve the recycling/rubbish collection. • get a certificate from an
The use of more alternative energy sources, such as solar international organisation
panels, for hotels, campsites and other accommodation. • invest in local communities by
More awareness of how tourists should save water, employing local people and
especially in the south and on the islands. paying decent wages
• work with local organisations
tour operators, and businesses as much as
SUSTAINABLE
2 1 No, it isn’t. It is applied to all industries as they hotels, possible
TOURISM
can all have negative impacts and should try
other businesses • collaborate with local
to be more sustainable in order to limit them. organisations for protecting
2 It tries to protect the future of our planet by the wildlife and environment
reducing as much as possible the negative
• introduce plans and schemes for
recycling, renewable energy,
social, environmental and economic impacts saving water and other resources
of tourism. At the same time, it endeavours to • advertise and explain their
increase the benefits of tourism for everyone sustainable policies to customers
involved: the tourists, the destinations, the
wildlife, the culture and the heritage.
3 They are very different realities in two diverse • respect nature, local people and
areas of the world – one with a very developed the environment
tourist industry and infrastructure and the • choose companies with clear
other less developed, but tourism can create sustainable policies
problems in both places and these problems • complain if you see examples of
have to be resolved in order to maintain the bad practice
environment, local economy and so on.
• offset your carbon footprint when
tourists you travel
4 Basically everyone is responsible for making • buy locally-made products and eat
sure the tourism sector works towards in local restaurants
sustainability: governments, international • don’t leave litter
organisations, tour operators and other • don’t pick flowers, shells from the
businesses, the people who work in these beach and so on
businesses and the tourists who travel. • don’t buy products made with
5 It is not a specialised form of tourism because
animal skin, bones, ivory etc.
• don’t waste water or energy
it shouldn’t be of interest to, or practised by,
just a few tourists. It should be the standard
which all tourists adopt wherever they go and 4 1f 2h 3d 4g 5c 6e 7a 8b
whatever they do.
The Tourism Industry | U N I T 1 103
 5 on the steps of a church or historic monument. It
is disrespectful and, when thousands start doing
protect the environment with conservation projects it, it creates rubbish and damage too.
Secondly, you need to be respectful of the
minimise negative impact people that live permanently in the city who
might be trying to get to work, school or home
at the end of a long day. Yes, the money you
use alternative energy spend in the city goes towards their economy
and services, but they have to continue living
conserve water there long after you’ve left your mess behind.
This brings me on to another point: that of the
language. I know you can’t be expected to be
reduce poverty fluent in the language of a country in order to
SUSTAINABLE visit it, but trying to say a few words like ‘good
TOURISM
morning’, ‘please’ and ‘thank you’ will mean the
behave responsibly locals look at you in a more favourable light.
Also trying the local cuisine is an indication of
use and buy locally-produced goods and services wanting to know and understand more about
a culture. Money is important to everyone and
we all want to find accommodation at a good
employ local people and pay fair wages rate so rental property websites like Airbnb
can provide fantastic opportunities. However,
offset your carbon footprint in many cities rentals like this are illegal and
so must be avoided. Renting an illegal or
unlicensed apartment damages the business of
follow a code of conduct hotels and other accommodation providers in
the city and can lead to local residents being
forced out of their homes as landlords can make
6 1.1 PET Listening Part 3 more money from renting to tourists than to
locals.
It’s not just the far flung tropical islands and When going on a short city break, everyone
national parks that are suffering the negative naturally focuses on the main sights and wants
impacts of tourism. European cities closer to cram in as many as possible in a short time.
to home are feeling the effects of too many If you can manage to spend longer in a city, it’s
tourists and, all too often, of their bad behaviour. great to go off the standard tourist track and
It seems that many people when they go on explore the lesser-known areas of the city, but
holiday become selfish, even if in their everyday ones which still have much to offer.
life they are nothing like that. Loud, drunken Lastly, and I realise this is not always possible,
screaming late at night in the streets and hotel travelling out of season is the best way to have a
corridors, little respect for local residents… more enjoyable experience with less crowds and
It really is a shame that Venice, for example, less traffic.
felt the need to introduce a new awareness
campaign for tourists, reminding them not to
drop litter, not to swim in the canals and to 1 (sit and) eat your 4 illegal
dress respectably in the city’s churches. These lunch 5 Explore
are rules that should be obvious and should be 2 respectful 6 out of season
second nature to everyone, but here are a few 3 local cuisine
reminders of what you should and shouldn’t
be doing to contribute to sustainable tourism 7 Personal answers
and to keep the balance between the city, its
residents and the tourists a happy one.
Firstly, if you’re feeling hungry, it is not
acceptable to sit down and eat your picnic lunch

104 U NI T 1 | The Tourism Industry

 Pages 20-21 where all the FAI sites are open to the public and
1 Personal answers there are a lot of events to promote the activities
of the organisation.
2 1 a Pro Loco 6 VISIT BRITAIN
2 WTO 7 a Pro Loco 1 Italian National Trust 5 Apprentice Tour
3 ENIT, VISIT BRITAIN 8 visittheusa.com/ 2 heritage Guides
4 WTO Brand USA 3 1975 6 FAI sites
5 APT, IAT 4 castles and villas

3 1D 2E 3A 4B 5C 5 Sample answer:
Report on the National Trust, UK
4 1.2 PET Listening Part 3 Foundation and type of organisation
The National Trust was founded in 1895 by three
people who wanted to preserve the UK’s heritage
FAI – Fondo Ambiente Italiano – usually known
and open spaces. It is a charity and its income
as the Italian National Trust in English – is an
comes from membership fees and donations, as
organisation present across all of Italy, whose
well as the commercial operations it runs. It has
mission is to promote, protect and enhance the
over 10,000 employees who work in all areas of
nation’s heritage: the nature, art, history and
the Trust, including conservation specialists,
traditions that are the roots and identity of the
restorers, historians, gardeners and lawyers.
Italian people.
Set up in 1975 as a non-profit trust, the group Aims and activities
wanted to carry out similar work and activities to The aim of the Natural Trust is to look after natural
the National Trust in England. The headquarters places like beaches, nature reserves and forests and
of the group are in Milan, and there is an extensive protect the animal and plant species that live there.
network of delegations and volunteers throughout They also restore historic houses, buildings and
the country. Since its foundation, the Italian monuments. All of the places that are looked after
National Trust has saved many examples of Italy’s by the National Trust are open to the public. Most
artistic heritage, such as castles and villas, by National Trust properties have facilities like gift
restoring them and opening them to the public. shops, cafés and restaurants to make visitors’ days
The organisation is also involved in the country’s out pleasant and to earn money needed for its
natural heritage and deals with areas of the restoration and conservation activities.
countryside that are under threat and at risk, Membership
areas which are often brought to their attention Members of the National Trust have free access to
by members of the public. Since it is recognised around 500 different places belonging to the
as an environmental protection agency in Italy, charity. It is possible to have a yearly or lifetime
the Italian National Trust advises and takes part in membership and the money is used for its projects.
policy making decisions regarding environmental Members also receive a handbook, a magazine
issues. The organisation also offers a variety of three times a year and newsletters to keep them
educational activities to nurseries and primary and informed of the Trust’s activities and news. It is
secondary schools with the idea of taking teaching possible for non-members to visit the National Trust
out of the classroom, organising school trips, properties by paying an individual entrance fee.
workshops and competitions. They also provide
the chance for students to train as Apprentice Tour Links with FAI
Guides, who will then greet and inform visitors at The National Trust and FAI are members of the
the FAI properties. International National Trusts Organisation. This
There are many ways that you can help FAI, too. means that members of the National Trust in the
By becoming a member, as a family or individual, UK can visit FAI sites in Italy free of charge, and
your financial contribution will ensure that the vice versa.
organisation’s work continues and you will get free
entry to all of the FAI sites. On a practical level, COMPITO DI REALTÀ
you can become a volunteer, one of over 7,000 in
For further information about Compiti di realtà,
the country, helping your local FAI delegation in a
see pages 16-17.
project such as the FAI Spring Day, a national event

The Tourism Industry | U N I T 1 105

 Page 22 2
1 Personal answer
• streamline operations
• increase competitiveness
They should be very knowledgable about all the products/ Existing travel • accept bookings / sell tickets 24/7
holidays they sell. They should build a good rapport with and tourism from all around the world
potential clients so they know they are trustworthy. They
businesses • increase visibility of company
need to offer a quick service, be helpful with any questions
and be reassuring to clients. • offer big range of
flights, hotels, car
Online travel rental, etc.
2 PET Reading Part 3 agencies • competitive prices
(e.g. Expedia) • allow users to
1T 2F 3T 4T 5F 6T purchase directly
New travel
and tourism on the site
2 They get low prices because they have a large businesses
volume of business and can buy in bulk. • allow users to
5 They can give advice on travel insurance, visas, compare hundreds
currencies and other aspects of the destination/ DEVELOPMENTS of offers for flights,
IN ICT Comparison hotels, etc.
holiday.
websites • direct users to the
7 It allows travel agents to link with the providers (e.g. Kayak)
of services like airlines and hotels. relevant company
site for the
purchase
Page 23
• purchase/look whenever/wherever
1 1 They have been able to transform and they want
streamline their internal operations and • research and plan their holiday
Customers
become more competitive. • look at photographs and maps
2 They can now interact with customers from all • read reviews
over the world 24/7. • receive instant confirmation
3 The main difference is that you make the
purchase directly with an online travel agency, • seen by large audience
while a comparison site is just to compare • positive for customers as they can
offers and it then directs you to the relevant Social Media read real comments and share
site to complete your purchase. personal experiences
• positive advertising for a business
4 They can use the Internet to help plan a holiday
as they can look at maps and photographs,
read reviews and do research. They can then 3 Personal answers
compare prices, choose the best offer for them
and easily book online all the elements of their
holiday. Pages 24-25
5 They have had a big impact because people 1 1 Package holidays for mass tourism usually
can post reviews of their experiences in hotels include a return flight, transfer from/to airport
and similar places that other people can read at the destination, accommodation and some
and take into consideration before choosing a meals or drinks.
hotel or holiday. 2 The role of a holiday representative is to help
6 For a business it can be positive because more guests at the destination and give advice and
people can find out about your business and information.
word of mouth is a good form of advertising. 3 Other elements of a package holiday can be
However, a bad review can put people off and it entertainment, children’s clubs, sports facilities
might not even be true because not all people and insurance.
post honest reviews and comments. 4 The terms and conditions contain information
on exactly what is included in the price and
what is excluded.

106 U NI T 1 | The Tourism Industry

2 1.3 PET Listening Part 3 1 cost 5 destinations
2 financial security 6 climate change
So, firstly, let’s look at the reasons why people 3 convenient 7 fuel
choose to buy a package holiday. One of the 4 freedom 8 economic slowdown
principal motives is cost – they are normally
cheaper than if you book all the parts separately 3 Personal answers
with each provider or company and you are
protected from any price increase due to exchange 4 PET Reading Part 2
rates since you purchase the package in your own
1C 2B 3A
currency.
Safety and security are also a prime concern
for many. You have the guarantee that a large COMPITO DI REALTÀ
company, with a reputation to protect, has For further information about Compiti di realtà,
carefully selected the accommodation, resort or see pages 16-17.
whatever so you can feel assured that the quality
will be good. There is always the risk when you
book directly that the hotel, for example, is not
exactly as you had been led to believe by the Pages 26-27 – Emails
photos on its website. In addition, there is the 1 Personal answers, for example:
financial security. There was an increase in package short, fast, cheap, friendly, concise, courteous,
holidays in 2009, for example, as a number of informal.
holiday companies and flight companies became Email is obviously a fast and cheap form of
bankrupt due to the economic crisis, and they left communication. Emails tend to be short and
holidaymakers with no way of getting their money concise and are often friendly or quite informal.
back, and sometimes, of getting home. However, they still need to be courteous,
Finally, it is convenient for those people who like especially in a business setting and with people
to have everything taken care of and organised for you don’t know.
them. There are no worries about finding transport
to your hotel or getting lost on route. However, it 2 1 We were given your contact details by Ms
is this last point that is actually the disadvantage Harrison.
for some holidaymakers, as they dislike the lack of 2 …with over 15 years’ experience…
freedom and having everything planned and would 3 We would like to be able to offer…
prefer to personalise a holiday to their tastes. It 4 Could you please send us…?
is precisely for this reason that tour operators 5 We look forward to your reply.
introduced more personalised, made-to-measure 6 Kind regards,
packages.
As we have seen, tour operators are able to make a 3 Sample answer:
profit thanks to the high volume of business – both
when buying the components and when selling the
package holidays, but staying competitive is much
more difficult. Buying flights and accommodation Dear Ms Gunnarson,
in advance means that they have to predict what We saw your company’s advertisement in a
destinations will become more or less popular in travel magazine. We are a travel agency with
the future. Furthermore there are several external offices in Manchester and Liverpool and have
factors over which they have no control. Concerns been in business for nearly five years. As we
over global warming and climate change could have just started promoting holidays in
create more interest in domestic tourism or eco- Scandinavia, we would like to know more about
tourism; a fuel crisis might lead to less international your company and the cruises it organises.
air travel or prohibitive prices for the average Would you mind sending us your current
tourist, another economic slowdown or terrorist brochure?
attack could affect certain countries. Within this Thank you for your cooperation and we look
changing global scenario, tour operators have to forward to hearing from you shortly.
try to predict the trends, knowing where and when Yours sincerely,
to invest and expand their business operations. Giulio Mancini

The Tourism Industry | U N I T 1 107

 Page 27 – Memos 3 Sample answer:

1 PET Writing Part 2 Dear Sirs,

Sample answer:
We have seen your advertisement in the
magazine ‘Travel Business’ and we are
Cardiff Tourist Office
interested in receiving a quotation for coach
MEMO hire.

From: Fred Billingsgate We are organising a conference and require a

To: All staff coach for five days for twenty delegates.
Date: 14 November Could you please send us your best quotation?
Subject: Meeting
In addition, we would like to know if your
Please note that there’ll be a meeting at 3 p.m. coaches have air conditioning and Wi-Fi.
on Saturday. This is to present the software
Thank you for your co-operation.
for our new booking system. It’s important to
We look forward to receiving your reply.
attend because the training course will start
Yours faithfully.
the following week.
Thanks for your co-operation.
Rose Wallace

4 Sample answer:
Pages 28-29
Dear Ms Vodel,
Language note: How to write and say dates I saw your advertisement on a website and
British English I would like to receive some information for my
written: 10 May 2018 or 10th May 2018 → spoken: the tenth client who is interested in getting married in
of May, two thousand and eighteen/twenty eighteen the USA.
short format: 10.05.18
Could you please tell me the price for a two-
American English
week, all-inclusive package in Las Vegas?
written: May 10, 2018 → spoken: May tenth or May ten, two
I would also be grateful if you could provide me
thousand and eighteen/twenty eighteen
short format: 05/10/18 with some further details about the documents
needed.

Looking forward to hearing from you,

1 1 Ed Murray Kind regards,
2 B&H Luxury Coach Hire Sofia Moretti
3 It is a company in the transport sector which
hires luxury coaches.
4 Ms Rose Wallace
5 Siler Group PLC Page 30
6 It is a reply to an enquiry from Rose Wallace to 1 1 The sender of the fax is Kevin Linton from the
give the cost of coach hire for her company. company Great Adventures in Cambridge.
2 The recipient is Sam Nielsen, the hotel manager
2 1 No, because they use ‘Dear Sirs’ and there is no at the Four Seasons Hotel.
reference to previous business or 3 Yes, because Kevin makes reference to an
correspondence. earlier phone conversation.
2 The recipient could be a travel agent given that 4 The purpose of the fax is to make a change to a
the letter is from a hotel group. booking that had already been made, changing
3 It is to promote the hotel group and their hotels the number of guests and the arrival date.
in Italy. 5 The second page of the fax is the corrected
4 It mentions where some of the hotels are booking form.
located, how long the company has been in 6 The recipient should send confirmation of these
business, their customer service and quality, changes to Kevin Linton.
and it gives the website.

108 U NI T 1 | The Tourism Industry

2 Sample answer: 1 James 4 simondr
2 Simon 5 Leicester
3 Dr 6 LE1 7HJ
fax
TO: Kevin Linton, Great Adventures, FAX: +44 1223 3
121 King Road, Cambridge 918654

FROM: Sam Nielsen

Name Drake Wilson

Pick up location Heathrow

SUBJECT: Amended booking form
Pick up date: 14th June Time: 15.15

‹›

‹›
Dear Kevin,
Drop off location: Manchester
Thanks for the amended booking. I can confirm we have
Drop off date: 24th June Time: 10.40*

‹›

‹›
the 21 rooms available. You will be pleased to know that
our new spa will be open by April for your customers to use. Type of car: Compact
Thanks once again for your booking and I look forward to
doing more business together. Convention code: 12345

Kind regards,
* Note: students could write an earlier time if they wish as you would
Sam drop off the car much earlier than the time your flight leaves.

Pages 32-35
Page 31
1 1.5
Language note 1 This is Geoff Riley. 4 Can I take a message?
2 I’d like to speak to... 5 Joanne Wilkins
ZIP code is American English for ‘postcode’. The term ZIP is
3 She’s out of the speaking.
an acronym for ‘Zone Improvement Plan’. The basic format
consists of five decimal numerical digits. For example: office. 6 I’d like to receive...
83 Thompson St, New York, NY 10012.
Fill out is American English for ‘fill in/complete a form’. 2 1.6

Geoff Riley calls one of his customers, Samantha

1 1 complete 4 postcode
Cobb, about the last-minute holiday in Jamaica.
2 first name 5 tick
3 last name 6 required Samantha Hello.
Geoff Hello. It’s Geoff Riley from TravelEase.
2 1.4 PET Listening Part 3 (1) Is that Samantha Cobb?
Samantha Yes, (2) speaking.
Woman Right, sir. If you can just give me your Geoff I’m (3) calling to tell you that I’ve got
details. Name? the information regarding the holiday
James Simon. in Negril. You can leave from
Woman And your last name? Manchester Airport and it’s only a £30
James No, Simon is my surname. My first name surcharge.
is James. Samantha Oh, good. Manchester would be
Woman Sorry. OK, Mr Simon, could you… perfect. (4) What about the hotel?
James It’s Dr actually. Geoff The tour operator has confirmed that
Woman Sure. Dr Simon. Could you give me your the resort is Blue Cove, a 4-star hotel
email address? right on the beach. There is still
James It’s simondr@btinternet.co.uk. (5) availability for departures on
That’s S-I-M-O-N-D-R. Saturday the 14th and the 21st, but
Woman Got it. And your address? I suggest (6) booking as soon as
James 21 Long Drive, Leicester. possible.
Woman Could you spell the city for me, sir? Samantha Sure. I’ll come round after work this
James L E I C E S T E R. afternoon.
Woman Great. And the postcode is…? Geoff We’re open until 7.30 p.m. tonight.
James LE1 7HJ Samantha OK. See you later. Bye.
Woman That’s LE1 7HJ… OK, just a few more questions, Geoff Goodbye.
and then we’ll be able to go ahead…

The Tourism Industry | U N I T 1 109

 3 1.7 4 1.7

xxx. How can I help you?

Mr Lang Sundance Travel Agency. How can
Answering the Hello.
I help you?
phone Good afternoon, xxxx. How may
Ms Reese Good Morning. My name is Janet
I help you?
Reese. I’m calling from the tour
operator Beyond Frontiers. May My name is xxx. I’m calling from
I speak to Mr Lang please? Introducing xxx.
Mr Lang Speaking. yourself It’s xxx from xxx.
Ms Reese I’m phoning with reference to the This is xxx from xxx.
booking you made on behalf of Mr
Moore – the two-week adventure May I speak to xxx please?
Asking to speak
tour in Australia. Is that xxx?
to someone
Mr Lang Yes, is there a problem? I’d like to speak to xxx, please.
Ms Reese There is a change to the schedule for
his trip. The departure and arrival I’m phoning with reference to...
Saying why you
dates are the same, but the tour will I’m calling to tell you…
are calling
go first to the Great Barrier Reef, I’d like to have…
then Daintree National Park, followed
by Uluru and then Sydney. Thanks / You’re welcome.
Closing the Goodbye
Mr Lang Will the amount of time in each place
conversation See you later. Bye.
and the accommodation be the
same? Thank you for calling.
Ms Reese Yes, absolutely. No other details have
been changed. It’s just the order he 5 Sample answer:
will visit the various places. I hope it B Good Morning. Brighton Tourist Office.
won’t be a problem. A Good Morning. This is Tanya Green from
Mr Lang I’m sure it won’t, but could you send GetAway travel agency. May I speak to Mr
me the updated information by Greyson, please?
email? B I’m sorry. He’s not in the office this morning.
Ms Reese Of course, I’ll get that off to you Would you like to leave a message?
straight away. And if you have any A Yes, thank you. Can you ask him to call me back
other questions, just call me. in the afternoon?
Mr Lang Thanks. Goodbye. B Yes of course. I’ll give him the message.
Ms Reese You’re welcome. Bye. A Thank you very much.
B You’re welcome. Goodbye.
A Goodbye.
1 It is to inform the travel agent about a change
in the schedule for a trip he has booked for one
of his clients. EXPLORE GRAMMAR
2 The holiday is to Australia. 11 I’d like to know if you have a brochure.
3 The changes are to the order the client will visit 2 Could you tell me if there is a supplement?
the places on the tour. 3 Do you know which airport the flight leaves
4 He asks to receive the new information by from?
email. 4 Can you tell me when he will be in the office?
5 I’d like to know how long the tour lasts.
6 Do you know if the hotel is near the beach?

2 Possible answers:
1 Can you tell me where I can buy a bus ticket?
2 Do you know when the castle opens?
3 I’d like to know if I need to book in advance.
4 I’d like to know if there are any reductions
for students.

110 U NI T 1 | The Tourism Industry

 5 Could you tell me if there is a bank near 4
here? A Good morning. Top Trips.
6 Do you know how long the journey takes? B Good morning. This is Alice Salt. Could I speak
to Mr Wilson please?
A Speaking. How can I help, Alice?
6 Sample answers: B Could you tell me if the details of the day trip
1 to Oxford are ready?
A Hotel Horizon. Can I help you? A I’m sorry. I don’t have all the details ready at
B Hello. This is Julian King. I’d like to speak to the the moment.
hotel manager, please. B When will they be ready?
A I’m sorry but she’s on holiday. Can I take a A I can send you an email tomorrow morning.
message? Is that OK?
B When will she be back? B Yes, that’s fine. Thanks.
A She’ll return on Friday. A You’re welcome. Goodbye.
B OK. Thanks for the information. I’ll call back B Bye.
next week.
A Thank you. Goodbye.
B Goodbye. Page 36
1 1.8
2
A Good morning. Beach Villas.
B Good morning. This is Sarah Wilkins. Can Martin
This is Martin Fleet. I’m out of the office
I speak to Julie Nielsen, please? until Friday. Please leave a message
A I’m sorry. She’s not in the office at the moment. and I’ll get back to you as soon as
Would you like to leave a message? possible.
B Yes, thank you. Could you ask her to call me Caller 1 Hello Martin. This is Karen from Travel
back as soon as possible? Wise magazine. I need to speak to you
A Certainly. Can I have your number? about your advertisement for the next
B It’s 0144 522036. issue. It’s urgent so call me anytime.
A I’ll make sure she gets the message. Thanks very much.
B Thank you. Goodbye. Caller 2 Good morning. This is Mr Byrnes,
A Goodbye. manager at the Grand Hotel. Could you
call me regarding your group booking?
3 The number is 0194 225988. Thank
A Ewans Coach Hire. Mike speaking. How can you. Goodbye.
I help you? Caller 3 Hi Martin, I can’t find your mobile
B Good morning. It’s John Brown. I’d like some number. Can you ring me about the
information about the costs of hiring a coach. tour this weekend? How many people
A Of course. We can prepare a quotation for you will there be? Cheers. Oh, sorry, it’s
if you give me some details. Janice just in case you don’t recognise
B Have you got a price list? my voice.
A Yes, we have a standard price list. Would you
like me to send it to you?
B Yes, please. It’s urgent. CALLER 1 CALLER 2 CALLER 3
A OK. I’ll send it by email. Can I have your email Their name/position/
address? company ✓ ✓ ✓
B Its jb@gmail.com.
A jb@gmail.com. OK. I’ll send it to you The reason for
immediately. calling ✓ ✓ ✓
B Thanks for your help.
A You’re welcome. Please call us if you have any
Their contact details ✓
questions. Goodbye.
B Goodbye.
Their availability ✓

The Tourism Industry | U N I T 1 111

 2 1.9
Do not use the familiar American ‘OK’ sign or the ‘thumbs
up’ sign with people from non-American cultures. These can
Thank you for calling Central Airlines. express sexual insults in many societies.
If you have a query about your current booking or Do not slap a foreign national on the back, especially an
you would like to make any changes, please press 1. Asian. This is considered aggressive and invasive behaviour.
If you would like to book a flight, please press 2. Feet: To expose the sole of one’s shoe to a person sitting
For all the details of our current offers and across from you is very disrespectful. This may require
destinations, press 3. crossing the legs in a manner that keeps the sole of the
If you require information regarding special shoe pointed toward the floor, rather than the typical
assistance at the airport, please press 4. leg-crossing of most Western men that rests the ankle or
For claims about lost luggage, please press 5. calf of the crossing leg on the thigh of the other leg.
This message will now be repeated. Never place your foot or leg in such a position that someone
would have to step over it. This action is rude.
For more information you can visit
A3 B1 D4 F2 G5
www.diversity-matters.net

Pages 37-38 1 Possible answers:

1 Face-to-face communication is important for
Background information: culture etiquette waiters in a restaurant, people working in tourist
Shaking hands: Never assume that someone from another information centres or at local attractions like
culture wants to shake hands at all. This is a peculiarly castles and museums, an entertainer or children’s
Western greeting. If you are a male, never attempt to shake club worker in a resort, for flight attendants and
hands with a woman from another culture unless she other people working in an airport.
extends her hand first. If you shake hands with a male, don’t 2 If you know the person you are speaking to, you
exert pressure, as it is considered aggressive. Many Eastern can be more friendly and informal with them,
and Middle Eastern men may just brush the palm of your using colloquial expressions for example.
hand with a very gentle pressure. 3 Yes, because it helps convey meaning and can
Right-hand: In all Muslim and most Asian cultures, it is show if a person is following the conversation
considered very rude to present or receive an object with and is interested, or not, in what you are saying.
the left hand. The right hand is always the hand of choice. 4 It is important because some people feel very
You can use both hands when presenting or receiving a very protective about having other people too close
important gift or document. to them as it feels invasive and can make them
In Islamic culture, the right hand is used for taking food feel very uncomfortable.
from a common bowl in the center of the table or mat. The 5 In the UK, kissing is not acceptable in a business
left hand is used for hygiene and toileting and is considered environment unless you know the other person
inherently filthy. very well. It is best to shake hands. How you
Head: Never place your hand on the head of an Asian, even shake hands is also important in both the UK
that of a young child (unless invited to do so). The crown of and the USA. You shouldn’t squeeze the other
the head is the residence of the soul in Buddhism and person’s hand too hard or for too long but, on
Hinduism. Such a gesture may offend or even frighten away the other hand, it should be firm and not floppy
the soul – a life-threatening situation. and weak. Using first names is acceptable if the
Hand signals: When inviting people from other cultures to other person suggests it or when there is a good
follow you or to sit down with you, do not use the index working relationship.
finger to point to the location. Such a gesture is used to
direct or beckon animals. Rather, stand aside a bit, bow 2
slightly to the individuals, and with a low, sweeping motion
A Good afternoon, how may I help you?
with the back of the hand, indicate your wish that they
B Good afternoon. I’m here on a business trip and
accompany you to the seating area.
I got here this morning. Tomorrow I have some
When hailing a taxi in a major city where many cab drivers
free time and…
are foreign nationals, never show the raised palm of the
A Well, here is a useful map of the centre, with all
hand. This is considered an aggressive gesture. Rather, hold
the major tourist sites. Would you like one to
out the back of the hand at thigh level, about 18 inches from
help you find your way around?
1 your leg. answers:
Possible B No, I actually know the city centre quite well.

112 U NI T 1 | The Tourism Industry

 A Well, there is this one. It is a well-organised tour
I’ve been here before. What I wanted to know
from a very good company and it includes a
about was a coach tour I saw advertised last
guided walking tour of the city and the Black
time. It was around Dublin Bay, to a couple of
Abbey. There is also lots of free time to explore.
the pretty coastal villages and also a castle,
B Could you tell me how much it costs?
Malahide I think it’s called.
A It costs €33 for an adult and €28 for a child.
A Yes, I know the tour you’re talking about. That’s
The coaches are very comfortable and there is
part of our summer programme, which doesn’t
free Wi-Fi.
start until the 15th of May. There aren’t any
B Does the price include lunch?
coach tours around Dublin Bay at the moment.
A No, it doesn’t. There are plenty of places in the
B Oh, that’s a shame.
town centre or you can take a picnic.
A Perhaps you may like to visit Kilkenny and the
B OK. What time does it leave?
castle. The castle dates from the 12th century
A The coach leaves between 8.45 and 9.00
and the town is really picturesque. It’s about 90
depending on the exact pick up location and
minutes from Dublin and there is day trip that
gets back to Dublin around 6 p.m.
leaves at 9 in the morning, returning around 6
B That sounds good. Do I have to buy a ticket in
in the afternoon.
advance?
B No, I don’t have that much time. And I really
A I recommend it, yes, because the numbers are
wanted to see the coast. Can you tell me if it is
limited and this is a busy period. I can make
easy to get there on my own?
the booking for you, if you want.
A Yes, it is. You can take the DART, the city rail
B Yes, thank you very much.
network. It’s very simple to use and during the
day there’s a train every four or five minutes.
So, I suggest going to Malahide then, as you’re Page 39
interested in the castle. It takes about 30
minutes and the station is right in the centre of
the village. Extra activity: Speaking
B Do you know if it is far to get to the castle? Do Ask students why, in their opinion, visual aids are
I need to catch a bus? important for a business in the tourism and
A No, you can easily walk to the castle and hospitality industry.
gardens, and then around the marina. If you
Personal answers, for example:
have time, you could have lunch as there’s
Visual aids are important because you need to
some fantastic restaurants on the waterfront.
show clients what your hotel, for example, is like
B Sounds idyllic.
by using nice photographs. Maps of towns or
A Just a second, let me give you a map and a
attractions are important so people don’t get
leaflet about the village with the things to see
lost. And signs for places like toilets, tourist
and do.
information centres and restaurants and so on
B Perfect. Thanks so much for your help.
need to be clear and easy for everyone to
A You’re welcome. Enjoy your trip!
understand.

1T 2F 3T 4F 5T 6F

3 Personal answers, for example:

1 1C 2G 3M 4B 5H 6A 7N 8E 9J
10 F 11 K 12 D 13 I 14 L
Yes, she was overall efficient and helped the
tourist find a solution. Perhaps she interrupted
him too quickly at the beginning and should have
2 Personal answers
let him finish his sentence. She gave a lot of
information and made some useful suggestions.
3 Personal answers

4 Sample answer:
A Good morning. Can I help you?
Pages 40-41
B Yes, I’d like to know about visiting Kilkenny. Is 1 1 voyage 4 break
it far? 2 flight 5 holiday
A It’s about 90 minutes by car. Are you interested 3 sightseer 6 explorer
in driving there or would you like a coach tour?
B A coach tour, please.
The Tourism Industry | U N I T 1 113
 2 1 travel 4 travel, journey
Pages 42-43
2 trip 5 tour
3 travel 6 trip, journey 1 1 Today online travel agents can ‘find the best
flights at the best times’, find cheap luxury
‘escapes’ and book different types of holidays.
Extra activity: Writing
2 The writer isn’t satisfied with online travel firms
Ask students to complete these sentences with because he/she wants them to do more of the work
their own ideas. of finding the holiday or service he/she desires,
1 I’d love to go on a trip to… without very specific information from the user.
2 Tourists should… 3 They can’t provide information about the
3 Travel guides can be… cheapest flights by any operator when your
4 A nightmare journey for me would be... travel plans are flexible, which order to plan your
5 The best school trip I have ever had… trip in, or how to avoid expensive hotel prices.
6 Tour operators in Italy… 4 Trailfinders thinks travel agents deal well with
people’s unspecific holiday requests, such as
Possible answers:
just wanting a sunny destination at a given time
1 I’d love to go on a trip to North Cape to see
of the year.
the Northern Lights.
5 The writer thinks it’s weird that regular travel
2 Tourists should behave responsibly and
agents do better than online ones because the
respect local people and traditions.
latter don’t offer technical services well within
3 Travel guides can be useful if you want to
their capability and which they previously offered.
find out about a place before visiting.
6 The writer suggests we turn to human travel
4 A nightmare journey for me would be one
agents when we require anything other than a
with lots of delays and problems.
very straightforward holiday booking.
5 The best school trip I have ever had was to
Austria three years ago. 2 Personal answers
6 Tour operators in Italy sell a lot of package
holidays for weddings and honeymoons. 3-4 1.10

TA = Travel Agent, C = Client

3 Uncountable: accommodation, advice, heritage, TA Good morning, can I help you?
information, leisure C Yes, I’m interested in a holiday somewhere
Countable: activity, destination, facility, package hot, probably the Mediterranean.
holiday, service TA Of course. Where would you like to go?
Spain and Greece are both very popular at
1 facilities 4 Package holidays the moment.
2 heritage 5 destination C Spain would be nice. Maybe one of the
3 accommodation, islands? Have you got any brochures?
advice TA Yes, of course. Who is the holiday for? Just
for you or all the family?
4 1d 2e 3f 4c 5a 6b C The family. One adult and two children.
TA So you certainly need somewhere family
Noun forms: friendly then. What type of holiday are you
increase decrease interested in? Would you prefer to rent an
improvement deterioration apartment or an all-inclusive package holiday?
damage conservation C A package, definitely, in a hotel or a resort
strength weakness with a pool and near the beach. The kids need
protection neglect lots to do so a children’s club would be great.
fall rise TA This is a brochure with package holidays in
Majorca and Gran Canaria.
5 1b 2g 3h 4e 5c 6d 7a 8f C Have you got any for Tenerife? My friend
went there two years ago and loved it.
6 1h 2e 3a 4b 5f 6g 7d 8c TA Yes, Tenerife is beautiful, and very popular. Here
are two brochures from a different company.

114 U NI T 1 | The Tourism Industry

 C Mmm, this hotel looks wonderful. Is it very 6 Personal answers
expensive?
TA The price depends on when you want to 7
travel – school holidays are always more
expensive. When are you planning to go? A Good morning.
C The middle of May. B Hello. How can I help you?
TA I see. Well, there are some special deals at A I’d like a map of the city centre please.
the moment for early bookings. There’s a B Of course. Here you are. Do you need a map of
20% discount until the end of this month, so the bus routes too?
for example, for 7 nights, all inclusive in this A OK, thanks. I’d like to visit the castle. Can you
hotel on the beach, with a pool, sports tell me how much it costs please?
facilities and a children’s club the cost is now B An adult ticket is £7.50.
under £800 per person. Could you tell me A What about children? Is there a child’s ticket?
how much you would like to spend? B Yes, children under five are free and the
C I haven’t got a huge budget, I’m afraid. children between 5 and 15 pay £4.00.
Under £1,500 in total. A Right. Can I buy the tickets here?
TA That’s not a problem. I can work out an B I’m sorry, we don’t sell the tickets, you can get
excellent deal for you within your budget. them online or directly at the castle.
Please sit down and let’s look at some more A OK. What time does it open?
details. Which airport do you want to fly from? B The castle is open every day from 9 a.m. to
6 p.m. The last entrance is at 5 p.m.
1 Where would you like to go? A OK, thanks. Is it far to walk from here?
Spain, probably one of the (6) islands. B No, not at all. It’s about ten minutes on foot.
2 Who is the holiday for? Here, I’ll show you on the map.
One adult and (7) two children. A I see. I think it’s a bit far for the children. Is
3 What type of holiday (8) are you interested in/ there a bus?
would you like? B Yes, bus number 7. The bus stop is on the other
A package holiday. side of the road, and you get off on the corner
4 When do you want/would you like to go on just before the castle.
holiday? A Thanks very much.
The middle of (9) May. B I recommend visiting the gardens next to the
5 How much would you like to spend? castle. They’re really lovely and perfect for
Under (10) £1,500. children.
A OK. We might do that. Thanks very much for
5 PET Writing Part 2 your help.
B You’re welcome. Have a nice day.
Sample answer:

8 Personal answers
Dear Sue,
I am writing to enquire whether your new
brochure for Spain is ready as I have a large
group of clients who are interested in booking
a holiday there for next year.
Could you tell me which hotel you recommend
for a group of over 60s? I’d also like to know if
you have any special deals that I can propose
to them.
Looking forward to receiving your reply,
Best regards
Mario Traini
Idea Viaggio

The Tourism Industry | U N I T 1 115

 UNIT 2 Marketing and Promotion
Page 44 5 A company like a tour operator could decide not
to invest or develop a particular area.
1 Personal answers, for example:
The purpose of marketing is to promote and sell a 2 POSITIVE NEGATIVE
company product or service, and it is very
important for the survival of the company. 1 tour operator has 15 2 low profits for the last

INTERNAL
years’ experience in the two years
Caribbean
Possible answer: 8 brand name well-
A couple going on their honeymoon could have different associated with
interests and values to a group of young adults. The couple quality
might prefer some cultural activities and be looking for high
standards of quality service. A group of young adults is 3 changes to local 4 cultural differences

EXTERNAL
likely to be younger without a family of their own, interested tax laws 5 very strong
in fun activities and entertainment. competition on the island
6 hurricanes and tropical
storms
7 limited infrastructure on
2 PET Reading Part 4 the island
1B 2C 3C 4A 5B
3 Personal answer
Extra activity: Speaking

Divide the class into groups of four. Assign a market

segment (travel motivation, demographic,
Page 47
geographic, psychographic) to each group and ask 1 1 A life cycle model for a destination shows how
them to find examples of travel products based on the appeal and popularity of a destination
the needs of their segment. For example, under changes over time.
demographic – religion: a pilgrimage to Rome and 2 They are likely to be evident during the
other important religious sites in Italy; under consolidation stage.
psychographic – interests: a winter ski holiday. 3 A company might have to decide whether to
stay or leave a stagnant destination because of
low sales and profits.
Page 45 4 Not all destinations follow the model exactly
because the length of each stage can be
1 1T 2F 3T 4 DS 5T 6F different and some places like major tourist
destinations are never going to decline in
Online worksheet popularity.
You can download the worksheet Customer
Relationship Marketing (CRM) from our website
2 a2 b5 c3 d1 e6 f4
www.elilaspigaedizioni.it in the section called
Explore.
3 Personal answer

Extra activity: Speaking

Page 46 Ask students in pairs to decide at which stage of
1 1 It is used in marketing in order to know which the life cycle a list of cities and countries are
actions might be needed in the future to defend positioned, explaining their reasons and saying if
or expand a company’s position. they think they have followed/will follow all of
2 Strengths and weaknesses are internal factors; the stages. As an alternative, students could
opportunities and threats are external ones. come up with examples of destinations for each
3 It is used at the initial stage of analysis. of the six stages.
4 It could help a tour operator decide whether to
Possible destinations:
invest in a new destination or launch new
Rome
products.

116 U NI T 2 | Marketing and Promotion

 Prague A Would you mind if I ask you a few questions?
Rio de Janeiro It will only take a few moments of your time.
Ibiza B Well, OK. If it’s quick. I wanted to go and buy
The Seychelles some things before my flight.
Myanmar A Of course. I won’t take up much time. So,
Greece first, how did you travel to the airport today?
Vietnam By train, bus, car or taxi?
Iceland B I normally get a lift but today it wasn’t
possible, so I caught the bus.
A And how long was the journey?
B Around 90 minutes, I think.
Page 48 A Thank you. And are you travelling alone or in
a group?
Personal answers B I’m with my wife and young child. We’re on
our way home after visiting my parents for
Christmas.
1 A I see. So the main reason for your trip was to
Examples: visit friends and family, right? Could you tell
surveys, questionnaires, me which age group you are in? Here are the
interviews, focus groups categories.
PRIMARY
DATA B Yes. This one. 35-50.
A Thank you. And the length of your stay? How
advantages disadvantages
many days did you spend in the UK? Fewer
than three? Between 3 and 7? Between 8
and 13? More than two weeks?
relevant and for a specific expensive, time-consuming,
objective need a sufficient sample size B Um. Let me think for a moment. Do you
mean me or the rest of the family? They
arrived before me so have been here for
Examples: more than two weeks.
customer and sales records, A Just you, sir. How long were you here?
statistics from governments B I arrived last Wednesday so that makes it 6
SECONDARY and other organisations days.
DATA A OK, so between 3 and 7 days. Now a couple of
advantages disadvantages questions about the airport. What purchases
have you made at the airport today?
B Nothing yet. I wanted to get a drink and
risk of not being relevant, some breakfast, and maybe find a couple of
cheap, quick, readily available
accurate, reliable or up to date new books but I haven’t had a chance yet.
A How do you rate the choice of food and
drink outlets here at the airport? On a scale
Extra activity: Speaking from 1 to 5, where 1 is very satisfactory and 5
is totally unsatisfactory.
Ask students to prepare a short oral report on B A 2, I reckon. There’s a good range of places,
market research methods, their advantages and though they can get very busy.
disadvantages. They should base their report on A And how do you rate the security check
the information they gathered in exercise 1. procedures you had today?
B 3. It was a bit slow as the queues were so
long, but it’s to be expected.
2 1.11 PET Listening Part 4 A And are there any improvements or changes
you would like to see in the airport and the
A = Interviewer, B = Interviewed facilities?
A Excuse me. Good morning. Are you flying B More places to sit down, definitely. It’s
from the airport today? impossible to find somewhere to sit all
B Yes. I’m on my way to Munich. together, with so many people lying across

Marketing and Promotion | U N I T 2 117

 three seats or putting their bags on empty Pages 50-51
seats.
A OK. Thank you. Now I’ve just got three more Background information
questions about the activities you did during
your stay and then I’ll let you get your Emirates Airline has been involved in football
breakfast. So… sponsorships for many years and is one of the
most prominent brands within football.
Sponsorship deals include Arsenal and the
1T 2F 3T 4F 5F 6T
Emirates Stadium (seen in the photograph on
page 50), Real Madrid, Paris Saint Germain, AC
Milan and Benfica.
Page 49 Etihad and Qatar are two other airlines involved
1 1 pie chart in sponsoring football teams: Etihad currently
2 table sponsors Manchester City and Qatar is an official
3 line graph partner of FIFA and sponsors the World Cup.
4 bar chart
These are three of the most important tourism
2 1 The demographics and average length of stay trade fairs in Europe.
for visitors to the UK who do an English • BIT in Milan: http://bit.fieramilano.it/?lang=en
language course. Bit is the leading international exhibition of
2 4-7 nights. tourism in Italy, open to both trade visitors
3 1-3 nights. and the general public. It promotes the
4 The number of people doing an English meeting between decision makers, industry
language course is double that of ‘all visitors’. experts and buyers from geographic areas
with the highest rate of economic growth and
from all sectors of the chain. There are also
Extra activity: Reading comprehension
conferences and seminars on the latest
Give the students a photocopy of the pie chart industry trends.
and text and ask them to write the correct • ITB in Berlin: https://www.itb-berlin.de/en/
regions on the key. Alternatively, put a copy of ITBBerlin/
the pie chart on the board and read the text. At the ITB in Berlin there are countries, cities,
regions, tour operators, online booking
This pie chart represents which regions of Italy
portals, hotels and other service providers
foreign tourists stayed in during 2015. The highest
from over 180 countries who are there to
percentage of foreign tourists stayed in the North
present their products and services.
East of the country, while the Islands had the
• WTM in London: http://london.wtm.com/
lowest percentage with 6.6%. The second most
World Travel Market London is the leading
popular region was the Centre, followed by the
global event for the travel industry to meet
North West with 18%. The South of the country
industry professionals and conduct business
had a similar share to the Islands, 7.3%.
deals. It is reserved for trade only and
provides personal and business opportunities,
5 1 _______________ 18.0% quality contacts and content.
4 1
2 _______________ 43.0%
3 _______________ 25.0 %
3 1 1 Trade press advertising, fairs and exhibitions,
4 _______________ 7.3 %
sales promotions.
2 5 _______________ 6.6 %
2 Sponsorship.
3 Fairs and exhibitions, point-of-sale material.
Answer:
4 Advertising (media).
1 North West 18,0%
5 Point-of-sale material, sales promotions (print
2 North East 43,0%
ads).
3 Centre 25,0 %
6 Fairs and exhibitions.
4 South 7,3 %
7 Advertising.
5 Islands 6,6 %
8 Internet advertising (sales promotions by email).

118 U NI T 2 | Marketing and Promotion

 2 Alternatively a company might decide to run a
planned in-house corporate campaign, one where it is advertising
or by an advertising the company or brand as a whole, rather than
agency concentrating on a specific product or service. In
ADVERTISING the case of a corporate campaign the focus is on
the company and brand image.
choice of media PRINT
dependant on target BROADCAST
Now, let’s look at TV, always a popular choice
market, product/ OUTDOOR
service, budget DIGITAL with advertisers given its high impact and wide
national reach. In the UK it’s almost a tradition
for holiday companies to start their advertising
provide money/ campaigns on TV on the 26th December. The ads
resources in
exchange for name for perfumes, kids’ games, gadgets and
football teams
SPONSORSHIP and company logo major sporting technology which dominate the pre-Christmas
on promotional events period have all stopped and on Boxing Day the
material holiday ads from tour operators, resorts, ferry
and at events companies and so on all start. The large number
of satellite and cable TV channels now available
PROMOTIONAL for trade, general means that it is essential to choose the channel
METHODS public and the press and programme with the specific demographic
FAIRS AND required in order to reach your target market. TV
important to make
EXHIBITIONS advertising is extremely expensive, especially for
new contacts, stay
updated and check the prime time slots such as early evening or
out competitors during sporting events, and similarly the
investment needed to produce the ad itself is
B2C
aimed at the huge. Another downside to TV advertising is that
general aimed at customers new digital technology allows viewers to skip
public with discounts;
adverts during playback or viewing, or viewers
coupons and frequent
flyer programs may just take a break or channel hop during the
SALES commercial breaks. Radio is a cheaper
PROMOTIONS aimed at trade with
B2B alternative to TV advertising, both to purchase
extra commission,
aimed at other the airtime and to make the ad. It can be national
bonuses and free
business trips or local but does not reach the same number of
people as TV. The creation of the ad has to be
carefully considered as it cannot rely on the
brochure and
impact of visual images.
leaflets in travel
POINT-OF-SALE
MATERIAL agencies, tourist
The press also has a leading role for the tourism
information centres
and online sector. Printed adverts have the advantage that
they can be kept and seen repeatedly. They can
create a great visual impact while also containing
3 1.12 PET Listening Part 3 a lot of information. The price is an important
factor to take into consideration as, naturally, a
Before I start to illustrate the advantages and double page, full-colour ad in a glossy travel
disadvantages of the different types of media, first magazine is much more expensive, and reaches a
I want to explain the different types of campaign larger audience, than a small black and white ad
that a company might want to carry out. in a local newspaper.
A company can decide to promote a particular Outdoor advertising works well for travel and
product or service, so a package holiday to Spain, tourism companies. Just think about having an
a special offer on flights to Europe, a discount on ad for a beautiful destination in front of you at
ferry bookings for the summer and so on. the bus stop as you commute to work in the
This is a product campaign so contains more morning, or as you step off the train. The target
details and information on the specific product or is the general public, although choosing a
service that is being promoted. precise location, like a shopping centre or

Marketing and Promotion | U N I T 2 119

 not all the information is accurate or reliable and
football stadium, can target a more specific
negative reviews can damage the image of a
market segment. And today, with advances in
company.
technology, these outdoor ads are becoming
more sophisticated and interactive all the time.
Background information
And talking of technology, let’s now move on to
digital media. Over the last 10 years Internet An airport app, like that introduced at Gatwick
advertising has… Airport in 2017, is often part of a plan to create a
digital and technologically advanced airport. The
1 corporate apps generally provide passengers with
2 26th December/Boxing Day personalised flight alerts, real-time queue
3 demographic updates for check-in and security, as well as
4 digital technology information on shopping and restaurant outlets.
5 information They can help passengers navigate their way
6 location around the airport by using wayfinding beacons,
particular useful in very large airports and those
4 Possible answers: with more than one terminal. They can also offer
• Local newspapers, outdoor advertising in main real-time information on road and rail travel and
areas of the town, special offers. allow passengers to book services like parking or
• Digital advertising like banners on travel sites special assistance.
and remarketing, point-of-sale material, TV Many airports also collaborate with partner apps
advertising if the budget is big enough, circular to improve services for passengers. Grab is an
letters to travel agencies and incentives for sales. app available on iPhone and Android where you
• Digital advertising, international tourism can search for a particular type of food or a
exhibition, national TV campaigns. certain restaurant in an airport, order the food
you want and then pick up your order directly
from the outlet without any waiting. Currently it
is available at a selection of airports in the USA
Pages 52-53 and UK. Airport Sherpa is a similar service for
dining and shopping, where whatever you order
Extra activity: Internet research & Speaking can be delivered directly to where you are and
the app will even track if you have changed
ENIT has many apps on its website for each gates due to delays or other problems. It is
region and for different types of tourists and currently operative at Baltimore Washington
interests. In groups, students should analyse an Airport in the USA.
app, looking at aspects such as ease of use and
the information included. They can then prepare
a short oral report to give their feedback and 2 ES
opinion. 1 There are apps for many travel related activities,
such as guide books, maps, journey and itinerary
1 1 The advantages are the global reach, 24/7 planners, flight trackers, restaurant finders and
availability and speed. In addition, it is possible even apps which can tell you what to pack in
to personalise marketing campaigns and track your suitcase.
their success. 2 Airport apps usually have information regarding
2 They can help create a form of direct contact the flight – the time, departure gate and any
with potential customers and the sense of a delays, as well as maps of the airport and
global community. Furthermore, social media is information regarding the waiting times at security.
perfect for photos and videos which can show 3 The problems they have are that a passenger
the intangible aspects of many tourism products might only use the app once and so decide it is
or destinations. not worthwhile downloading or a passenger
3 If an email is personalised, it can seem less might end up with too many apps for all the
intrusive and can make a customer feel special. airports he/she travels through. There are also
4 It can be positive as other people can see other travel apps which can offer similar services
recommendations from other users. However, but for all airports around the world, such as a
flight tracker.

120 U NI T 2 | Marketing and Promotion

 4 They can make money by offering discounts or in 3 Personal answers
app purchasing options for food and retail outlets
which are specific to one particular airport, and 4
therefore not offered by a generic app.
Two extremes: Patagonia and the driest desert in
3 Personal answers world. And in between you have beautiful cities
to hang out in.
COMPITO DI REALTÀ It’s this feeling of enormity where your soul just
expands. (translated)
For further information about Compiti di realtà,
We’ve never quite seen a landscape like this.
see pages 16-17.
I get the sense that we are alone in the world and
that we are discovering a new planet. (translated)
We’ve been away for three weeks and we don’t
Pages 54-55 miss home at all! We feel very comfortable here.
And very safe as well!
You just have to visit, see it, feel it and touch it.
Possible answers:
(translated)
The ad for the Maldives makes you think of relaxation,
Almost sensory… Because you take in sights, it
sunshine and romance. The ad from Thomson creates a
wins over your heart, it moves you. Being here
sense of curiosity with the strange building.
thrills me. (translated)
The Kuoni ad has used a short dramatic sentence. The use I remember driving and just looking at
of ‘your’ makes it personal and ‘amazing’, an adjective, is everything and thinking: Oh my God, this place is
used as a noun. unbelievable!
For me, I’m living my dream here.
The Thomson ad uses classic words for a holiday ad such
as ‘escape’.
Possible answers:
The Small Luxury Hotels ad uses only words and a
1 Mountains, beaches, the sea, desert, geyser,
dramatic black background. They have used a classic
fields, vines, underwater landscape, lake, forests,
saying in an ironic way as they don’t show any images.
trees, glacier, river, waterfall.
They use some humour and want to give the impression
2 Skiing, rafting, trekking/hiking, zip line,
that their hotels and their guests are better than others
sandboarding, kitesurfing, surfing, mountain
and are more discerning.
biking, fishing.
3 Cities, parks, ancient stone sculptures, food and
1 Possible answers: wine, festival.
1 Adverts should be designed to grab our 4 It shows that the country appeals to people
attention. from all over the world, from different cultures
2 The purpose of an image is to create emotions, and backgrounds. People of the nationalities
such as the desire to visit a place or buy a featured can feel more included. It’s also suitable
particular product. for a worldwide campaign, as the language of
3 The length of the text in an advert can depend the subtitles can be changed.
on what kind of ad it is and where it will be 5 The music is quite effective as it is both relaxing
published. and dramatic, depending on the scenes.
4 The word ‘you’ is used frequently because it can 6 The slogan is ‘Find your Chile’/’Chile is waiting
make the reader feel involved and part of the for you’. I think it connects well with the content
experience. as there are many different aspects of the
5 Hyperbole should be used carefully because it is country that are shown and everyone will be
not very original. able to find something that appeals to him/her.
6 International campaigns should pay attention to It is also personal with the use of ‘you’/’your’.
how they use humour and cultural references. 7 Personal answer.

2 1 ticket c COMPITO DI REALTÀ

2 recharge d
3 sleep b For further information about Compiti di realtà,
4 drive a see pages 16-17.

Marketing and Promotion | U N I T 2 121

 Pages 56-57 Pages 58-59
1 1 Leaflets often promote tourist attractions, 1 1 They are essential because users do not access
towns, guided tours and trips. information in a linear way and therefore need
2 They should have practical information, like to be able to move around the website easily
directions, opening times and prices, so that the and quickly.
tourist or visitor knows the important things 2 The colours, graphics and the images, static and
about the place and how to get there. dynamic, are the important aspects of the visual
3 You can find brochures in travel agents and also design and are important to make a good
online. impression.
4 The main features are beautiful photographs, 3 The language needs to be appealing or
descriptions, dates, prices, a list of the facilities persuasive, depending on its purpose, but also
and the terms and conditions. short and clear so that users don’t waste time.
4 Nowadays people access websites using
2 • Practical information – opening times, website, different devices while they are on the move, for
address, directions on how to get there by bus example a smartphone, and no longer just a PC.
and train;
• An introduction/description of the palace and a 2 1e 2c 3b 4a 5d
photograph.
3 1 domain name 6 search box
3 Possible answers: 2 main navigation 7 social links
menu 8 shopping icon
Discover the splendour of this former royal residence, 3 home page button (basket)
once home to the extravagant King Henry VIII and 4 drop-down menu 9 slide show
George I. Admire the Tudor and Baroque architectural 5 link
styles of the chapel and royal apartments. Learn more
about palace life and the courts of these kings. 4 1 The website is to promote tourism and provide
Wander around 60 acres of beautiful gardens, with information for tourists about the city of York.
sparkling fountains and the world famous maze. 2 The target audience is tourists who are probably
planning their own trip to the city.
3 There are options for accommodation, what to
EXPLORE GRAMMAR see and do, shopping, eating out, buying tickets,
Go to the FLIP BOOK for the exercises. things to download, how to travel around and
York Pass, which is probably some kind of
tourist pass to visit attractions and maybe use
4 Florida is the best ever location for a holiday. The public transport.
Keys give a tropical feel with their stunning velvet- 4 The options are to book hotels and
soft beaches, crystal clear water and an underwater guesthouses/B&Bs online, see special offers and
extravaganza of colourful fish and coral. An airboat some featured accommodation options.
ride is a thrilling/exciting way to experience the 5 Under ‘Shopping’, I think there will be divisions
Everglades where you can spot alligators, manatees according to themes like souvenirs, clothes,
and a multitude of birds and insects. Miami and gadgets, electronics and so on. Under ‘Food &
SoBe are the coolest places to see and be seen. You Drink’, there are probably restaurants, bars, pubs
can soak up the sun, find trendy shops, art galleries and cafés listed according to price and/or type
and even get a taste of Cuba in Little Havana. of food.
Orlando offers fun and adventure for all the family, 6 Yes, because there is the shopping basket icon
with exciting/thrilling theme and water parks where so I think it is possible to buy tickets.
everyone can have a magical time. 7 Yes, there are the links to social media on the top
right: Pinterest, Twitter, Facebook and Instagram.
5 Personal answer 8 There is no option to have the content in
different languages.
COMPITO DI REALTÀ
For further information about Compiti di realtà,
5 Personal answers
see pages 16-17.
6-7 Personal answers

122 U NI T 2 | Marketing and Promotion

 4 Sample answer:
Pages 60-61
1 1 Companies send circular letters to inform clients Dear Valued Customer,
about a change or important event within the
As you know, Milton International has been offering
company. the best in European business accommodation for
2 It can be a form of marketing as it can be used more than twenty years so it is with great pleasure
to inform customers and potential customers that we announce the opening of our brand new
about a new product, service or special offer, 5* hotel Milton Malpensa, just ten minutes with our free
whilst promoting the company at the same time. shuttle service to Milan’s busy international airport.
3 The first line to attract attention, giving main Perfect for those travelling to the city and further
details of the product or special offer, talking afield, each room is equipped with free unlimited
about the company’s strengths. Wi-Fi, USB sockets and a large desk. We have a
selection of meeting and conference rooms available
4 It is from Max Williams at Snow And Slopes Ltd. and will be happy to help organise your company
5 It is a tour operator specialised in winter event. To complete your stay, there is fine dining in
holidays in Europe. our two restaurants, a wine bar and a terrace café
6 The company wants to promote a new addition, with panoramic views.
Livigno, to its packages of Italian ski resorts, and We hope to welcome you to Milton Malpensa in the
a related special offer. near future.
Kind regards,
2 2, 4, 1, 3
Attilio Cameli
3 Describing your company:
3 With over twenty years’ experience in organising
5 Sample answer:
coach tours...
4 We have been operating in this sector since 1975.
Enclosing material: Dear Ms Lewis,
1 Please find enclosed a brochure illustrating all
Lake Garda has long been a favourite destination for
the packages available for the next season.
British holidaymakers and it’s easy to see why: great
6 For your information, we attach our latest weather, good food and plenty of activities and
brochure with details of all special offers. culture for all the family. And here at Hotel Garda we
Encouraging contact/Closing: are delighted to tell you about our perfect solution
2 We look forward to welcoming your clients in for your next family holiday.
the near future. In business for over 60 years, we are pleased to
5 Our highly qualified staff look forward to announce the opening of forty mini apartments. Each
welcoming you aboard in the near future. one- or two- bedroomed apartment comes with a
fully equipped kitchen area, a private garden or
balcony, with table and chairs, meaning lots of
Other examples: privacy for all the guests. Furthermore, we have a
Describing your company: As you are aware, new swimming pool and garden area for your
CrystalSnow has over 15 years’ experience in relaxation.
European winter holidays / Our aim is to provide The hotel is located right by the lakeside, where
the best in adventure in the Southern Hemisphere. there are many sports on offer. Alternatively take a
Enclosing material: All the details can be found in stroll into the village which is only a few minutes’
the enclosed brochure / Please click on this link to walk away to admire the local church, explore the
weekly market and try the fantastic ice-cream.
see a short video to inspire you.
Encouraging contact/Closing: Please do not For all bookings for April and May, we are currently
hesitate to contact us for any further information / offering a 15% discount on a 7-day holiday and,
especially for you, we have also reserved a special
We look forward to hearing from you soon / Just
half-day food and wine tour included in the price.
contact us for availability and dates / We look
forward to welcoming you again on one of our Please visit our updated website for photos and
details of the accommodation and to check current
tours in the near future.
availability.
Yours sincerely,
Gaia Corradini

Marketing and Promotion | U N I T 2 123

 Page 62 Roy I see. It does sound quite interesting.
Amy I don’t want to take up any more of your
Possible answer: precious time now, so I’ll send you our
It is easier if you already know the person you are speaking complete brochure by email, with all the
to and you can be quick, but it is difficult to get someone details and prices, and a link to the website.
interested and many people might be rude and put the Then I’ll contact you in a few days’ time to
phone down on you. answer any of your questions. How does
that sound?
1 1.13 PET Listening Part 4 Roy That’s fine. Thank you.
Amy Thank you and speak to you soon.
Roy Good Morning, Sunset Travel. How can I help Goodbye.
you? Roy Bye.
Amy Good morning. May I speak to Roy Bolton,
please? 1T 2F 3T 4T 5F
Roy Speaking.
Amy Hello. This is Amy Stephens from Stars and 2 Sample answer:
Stripes. We met a couple of months ago at
A = Travel agent, B = Tour operator
the Travel Weekly Conference. I remember
A Good morning. Hillary Travel. John speaking.
that you have a lot of customers who are
B Good morning. This is Sally from La Dolce
interested in the USA, so I wanted to tell
Vita. We did some business last year so I
you about our new package for touring the
believe you will be interested in our new
West Coast, in particular the national parks.
holiday to Sicily. It’s a 7-day trip, half board
Roy What is it exactly? I already have a few
with flights from Gatwick and Luton. All
packages that my clients have been very
transfers are included.
happy with.
A What activities does the holiday include?
Amy Well, what makes our deal special is that
B There is a sightseeing tour of Syracuse, a
your customers will have a classic airstream
visit to some vineyards near Etna and three
trailer, you know, the silver ones you often
wine-tasting afternoons.
see on TV?
A So what is the target market?
Roy Yes, I know the ones you mean.
B With these kinds of activity, the holiday is
Amy So we introduced it four months ago as a
ideal for young as well as mature couples,
trial run and it was immediately successful.
who have a particular interest in food, wine
Touring with this kind of trailer truly adds a
and local culture...
touch of real America.
A I see. What size groups are there?
Roy Is it much more expensive than your
B What makes this special is the limited size of
average trailer? What with the exchange
the group. We have a maximum of 12 people
rate and everything, my clients are usually
on each tour so it remains personal. I’ll send
on a tight budget.
you all the details by email so you can have a
Amy No, not at all. We’ve negotiated an excellent
look at them.
deal and have 5, 7 and 10 day packages
A Thank you. It sounds interesting.
available, departing and arriving at San
B You’re welcome. I’ll call you back in a few
Francisco, Los Angeles or Las Vegas which
days so we can talk further.
means your clients can take in as many of
the major parks they want, like Yosemite,
Sequoia, Kings Canyon, Grand Canyon and Extra activity: Speaking
Joshua Tree.
Roy What are these trailers like for families? In pairs, students should read the situation below
Amy Even the smallest model is extremely and act out the phone conversation.
comfortable and spacious, but we do offer CALLER
a slightly larger model which is perfect for You work for a tour operator which specialises in
families with two or three children, and bus tours of the Italian lakes, aimed at the older
there is naturally full insurance and break market, and would like to promote a 5-day tour
down cover should anything happen.

124 U NI T 2 | Marketing and Promotion

 of Lake Maggiore. Accommodation is in resorts on the islands, but these hotels are
5* hotels, full board. Highlights include a guided great for families. This one has lots of
tour of the villas, museums and gardens on Isola organised entertainment, shows, sports,
Madre and Isola Bella, and a trip on the cable car clubs – you know, the typical package,
at Laveno. You can invent other details, using whereas this one doesn’t have too much so
your own ideas and knowledge. people can relax and do their own thing, but
there is a Sunshine kid’s club run by
RECEIVER
qualified staff, most of them from the UK.
You receive a phone call from a company
B Hmm.
promoting a tour of Lake Maggiore. Depending
A I think you’ll find that here at Sunshine we’ve
on the information the caller gives you, ask
got resorts to suit just about any particular
about the target market, the places included in
need or request.
the tour and which airports the tour can pick up
B What about your prices? Some of these
from.
places look like they’re at the top end of the
market.
A Yes, that’s true, Sunshine does deal with the
Page 63 middle to top end of the market but the
prices are not as high as you might think,
considering the excellent service we offer.
Personal answer
We won two awards last year.
B I see.
A Our prices are actually very competitive,
1
especially with the special deals that we run
from time to time. And don’t forget our
A = Marketing assistant, B = Client first-rate commission scheme for trade
A Amazing place isn’t it? Have you ever been professionals which is one of the best you’ll
there? find from a tour operator. Would you like to
B Erm. No. Erm. I don’t think so. Erm. Where is sit down and see the details?
it actually? B Thanks, but there’s a lot more I want to see
A It’s the island of Barbuda in the Caribbean. at the fair. Perhaps we can talk another
A real tropical paradise which has been a time?
favourite with Sunshine customers for the A Of course. Have you got a card? Here’s mine
last few years. – I’ll call you next week Mrs... Rossiter and
B Oh. Do you only deal with the Caribbean we can take things further. It was a pleasure
then? speaking with you.
A No, not at all. Sunshine operates all over the B Thanks. Can I take this brochure with me?
world. We have packages for Australia, the A Certainly.
Mediterranean, North Africa... Where are you
interested in? The client is a trade professional – she has a
B Well, I’ve only got a small travel agency and small travel agency.
most of my clients prefer to stay fairly close The marketing assistant mentions the company
to home, so the Mediterranean really, the name a lot/seven times.
Canaries, places like that. It underlines the brand and means the potential
A Very popular places and well worth visiting. client will remember the name at the end of the
Here’s our brochure on the Med. We have fair, perhaps after having seen a lot of stands and
just introduced two new Sunshine hotels in spoken to a lot of people.
Cyprus and three in Crete. Here, look… They
are new structures, built with the
environment in mind, very comfortable with
2 Sample answer:
all the usual amenities. A = Trade fair visitor, B = Marketing assistant
B Yes, they do look nice, don’t they? Are they A Hello, could you tell me a little more about
suitable for families? South Africa for honeymoons?
A Absolutely. We do have some adult only B Of course. At Dream we are specialised in
holidays in South Africa and we’ve been in

Marketing and Promotion | U N I T 2 125

 business for over 20 years. We have several Print: magazine, newspaper, trade press
honeymoon packages, such as this one Outdoor: billboards, electric signs, posters, street
advertised, and we can also arrange custom furniture
made honeymoons on request.
A I see. Can you tell me more about this 4 1c 2f 3d 4e 5a 6b
package? What does it include?
B It’s a luxury five-star package for five days
5 1 d market research 4 b target audience
2 f SWOT analysis 5 c brand identity
on safari. There is plenty of opportunity to
3 e advertising 6 a user friendly
see the Big Five and then to relax at the
campaign
lodge. Each lodge has a private plunge pool
and an outdoor shower so you can see the
stars at night. What are your clients most Pages 66-67
interested in?
A Luxury and something new and unusual. 1 ES
Honeymoons are a growing area for my 1 ‘Try Before You Fly’ is a project which allows
business. customers to trial experiences and places virtually
B Excellent. Well we can certainly help you. It before they book and pay for their holiday.
is possible to combine a safari like this one 2 You can find ‘large immersive video walls’,
with a beach holiday or a city break to ‘interactive maps and tablet tables’ available for
create an unforgettable experience. Would customers to carry out research before they
you like to take one of our brochures? book a holiday or product.
A Thank you. 3 Because the people marketing holidays can
B And if you fill in this form with your details, reproduce the destinations and experiences virtually
we will enter you into our competition. for customers, making them want to go there.
A Great. 4 The fact that more people will have their own
B Nice talking to you. Please call me if you VR headsets at home and an increased use of
have any questions. Here’s my card. Google Cardboard virtual reality platform.
5 VR might appeal to ‘more rational and reflective
Extra activity: Speaking customers’, because they will be able to inspect
hotels or resorts before they book their holiday.
In different pairs, students should act out a 6 AR could replace VR in the future because it will
similar situation at an exhibition, where they are enhance and not just simulate an experience and
promoting their region or town to a potential because it will remove the need for carrying
tourist. They should use their own ideas and around bulky screens and devices.
knowledge to develop the conversation.
2 Personal answers

Pages 64-65 3 1.14 PET Listening Part 4

1 1 persuade 5 analyse A Let’s Go Travel, Rob speaking. How can I help

2 promote 6 identify you?
3 describe 7 create B Hi, Rob! This is Tanya here from the Miami Tour
4 attract 8 personalise Company. How are you doing?
A Oh hi, Tanya. Nice to hear from you again. I’m
2 FCE Reading and Use of English Part 3 fine, thanks. You?
B All good here Rob… The reason I’m calling is to
1 analysis 5 attractive tell you about our new season’s tours.
2 descriptive 6 advertisements A Great! What have you got planned?
3 illustrations 7 development B Well, we have a new one-day Miami Tour,
4 competitive 8 promotional suitable for couples or young people. It
includes sightseeing of the city, a cruise of the
3 Digital: banners, pay-per-click advertising, Biscayne Bay and an Everglades Airboat Ride.
pop-up ads A I think our customers would like that! How
Broadcast: cinema, radio, TV much will it cost them?

126 U NI T 2 | Marketing and Promotion

 B We have a good introductory deal at just $50 a 6 Personal answers
person at the moment.
A It sounds good ‑ can you email me the details? 7
B Sure! We also have a new Orlando Combo Tour
for families, with tickets for Disney World and A = Marketing assistant, B = Potential client
Universal Studios. A Good morning. How can I help you?
A How much is that for a typical family of four B Hi, I’d like some information about your
‑ two adults and two children? company.
B So the price for adult tickets is $550 and tickets A Sure. The name of our company is Cornish
for children over five cost $500. Breaks and we specialise in short holidays to
A That seems quite expensive… What does it include? Cornwall.
B It includes tickets to the Disney theme park and B Do you just organise accommodation or travel
a Universal 3 Park Explorer for two weeks. packages too?
A Hmm… That’s not bad actually… A We primarily offer accommodation. Our
B No, and there are lots of extras with the tickets customers are usually independent travellers, so
too. I’ll email everything to you today so you they like to make their own travel arrangements.
can look at all the information and get back to B And what type of accommodation do you
me with any questions. provide?
A Thank you Tanya. You’ve got some great tours A All kinds of accommodation. We offer self-
as usual! catering cottages and apartments; B&Bs and
B It’s my pleasure. Great talking to you. Let’s hotels; as well as camping facilities.
speak soon. B How long are the short breaks usually?
A Typically our accommodation ranges from an
1F 2T 3F 4T overnight stay to a long weekend or sometimes
a week.
4 1.14 B And what type of support do you offer
1 The reason a 4 email me f customers during their stay?
2 planned d 5 seems quite b A That depends on the type of accommodation
3 includes c 6 will/’ll email e they choose, but generally cleaning services,
information about local attractions and activities
5 Sample answer: and any special assistance they require.
B Do you cater for people with disabilities, families
and pets?
Dear Travel Agent, A Yes, we try to cater for all types of customers.
Are your clients looking for an unforgettable family Most of our accommodation is accessible and
holiday in the fantastic Italian countryside? Look no child-friendly and we try to accommodate
further. Here at Getaway Breaks, for over 10 years we well-behaved pets where possible.
have been providing the perfect solutions that will B What is the price-range of your
keep all members of the family happy and interested
for the entire holiday.
accommodation?
A That depends, but campsites start from around
Our new self-drive option in the Veneto region includes £20 a night up to four-star hotels at around
time by the beach, a visit to Venice and Verona and a
few days relaxing in the wonderful countryside on a
£150 per night for a double room.
well-equipped campsite with organised activities for B Do you have a brochure I can have?
children aged 3-16. Departures are weekly from June to A No, I’m afraid we don’t have a brochure, but
September and prices start from £2,150 for a family of here is my card with full details of the website
two adults and two children. where you can see what we offer.
Please have a look at our website getawaybreaks.com B Thank you.
for all the details or call us on 0800200200 and we A Would you mind completing this form with your
will be happy to help you. details so I can send you information about any
Looking forward to welcoming your clients in the future. promotional offers we have?
Best regards,
B Yes, of course.

Janice Moore
8 Personal answers

Marketing and Promotion | U N I T 2 127

 UNIT 3 Working in Tourism
Pages 68-69 A Do you think they’ll give you some good
advice?
1 1 Cornell, Surrey, Lausanne
B I think so. My dad found a job straight after
2 Surrey, Lausanne
school and then went to university a few
3 Cornell, Lausanne
years later, so I’ll ask him what he thinks.
4 Surrey
A Good idea.
5 Cornell
6 Cornell, Surrey, Lausanne
1T 2T 3F 4F
2 1.15 PET Listening Part 4
3 Personal answer
A = Sophie, B = Joseph
A Have you started your university application 4 Personal answer
yet, Joseph?
B No. There’s still plenty of time but I’ve been
doing a lot of research. Background information
A Me too. And I know I really want to go
Some Italian universities which offer tourism-related
abroad for my degree.
degrees include:
B Why? I thought you’d go to the University of
Bologna ‑ Economia del Turismo
Surrey to do tourism management. It is
Milan IULM – Turismo, Management e Territorio
where your dad works after all.
Naples ‑ Scienze del Turismo ad Indirizzo Manageriale
A Exactly. That’s why I don’t want to go there.
Roma Tor Vergata – Scienze del Turismo
I know it’s a fantastic course, but can you
Turin ‑ Comunicazione Internazionale per il Turismo
imagine being taught by your father? It
would be a nightmare.
B Yes, I suppose you’re right. I wouldn’t like it
either. So where are you looking at? Pages 70-71
A I’d love to go to Switzerland. The reputation
is excellent, it’s not too far away and I’d be 1 Possible answers:
able to go skiing in my free time! You know
waiter, flight attendant, hotel receptionist, travel
how much I love this sport.
agent, holiday rep, chef, porter, photographer on
B I’m not sure you’d have much free time. The
a cruise ship, tourist guide, tourist information
course is really intensive you know.
centre assistant, entertainer in a resort, children’s
A I’d have some holidays, I’m sure. Anyway,
club activity leader, pilot, bus driver, car rental
what about you? What have you found out
desk assistant, customer service agent in a ticket
with all your research?
office/airline/ferry/train company, sommelier,
B I’m not 100% certain at the moment, but I’m
event organiser, bar staff, museum guide, train
thinking of not actually going to university.
conductor, sales and marketing director, quality
A What?! You’re the best student in the class.
control manager, finance manager, hotel/resort
In the whole school. Why don’t you want to go?
manager
B I think I’d prefer to start work straight away.
I’ve had enough of studying for the moment.
I want to earn some money and get some Possible answers:
experience. I’ve been looking at • Advantages: stimulating and growing industry, possibility
opportunities with a tour operator in Italy, to find a job easily, can use foreign language skills
given that I speak the language. Or I might • Disadvantages: away from family for long periods, lots of
move to London to work in a hotel. training for some positions, some positions are low paid,
A I can certainly see the appeal of Italy… lots of stressful dealing with people and their complaints
sunshine, good food… Wonderful!
B Sophie! I’d be working, not on holiday!
Anyway, I haven’t decided anything yet.
I want to talk with my parents too.

128 U NI T 3 | Working in Tourism

2 6 The main difference is the time spent with the
public. An assistant only has a short exchange
with a customer or tourist, and usually
TOURISM individually or just a couple of people at a time.
JOBS A guide will have to spend more time with
tourists and has to be able to handle a group.
They also have to deal with any emergencies or
customer- behind- problems that can happen during a tour.
facing the-scenes
roles positions
Useful website
The website http://britainsbestguides.org/ has some
interesting information and videos on being a Blue
characteristics skills characteristics skills Badge Guide.

pleasant, team working reliable, foreign

2 Personal answer
motivated, skills, foreign precise language skills,
calm language skills, organisational Useful websites
communication skills, computer www.angt.it
skills skills
www.confguidenazionale.it
www.federagit.it
This would be an ideal topic for cross-curricular
Career quiz study/CLIL.
Students could do the quiz individually or in pairs,
giving reasons for their answers to each question.
At the end, follow-up questions could be: Page 73
Do you agree with the career suggestion for you? 1 Possible answers:
Why / Why not? Organisational skills: planning a bespoke trip,
managing customer bookings and schedules
Do you feel you have the right characteristics/
Communication skills: dealing with clients and
personality for the job suggested? Why / Why not?
understanding their requirements, giving advice,
selling products, dealing with complaints and
refunds, attending courses and seminars
Page 72 Computer literacy: managing bookings and
schedules, selling products, providing information
Foreign language skills: visiting new locations and
Personal answer
resorts, dealing with hotels and other companies
Ability to cope with pressure and targets: dealing
1 1 A bus tour guide, a sightseeing guide, a museum with complaints, selling products and tour
guide, a guide in a natural park. packages, attending seminars and courses
2 The disadvantages are that the work is seasonal
or part time. 2 1.16 FCE Listening Part 3
3 Good public speaking skills are important as a
guide has to talk to people in an informative but Conversation 1
interesting manner.
A Good Morning. Whittaker Travel. Sally
4 Working in a TIC involves helping tourists with
speaking. How may I help you?
their enquiries, making bookings and sometimes
B Hello. This is William Hodgson. I came in last
selling merchandise. It is also important to have
week about a cruise. I haven’t heard back
good, up-to-date knowledge about the area.
from you, so was wondering what the
5 Both roles involve dealing with the public so
situation is.
interpersonal skills are important, as well as a
A Oh, Mr Hodgson yes… er… The cruise on the
friendly approach. Foreign languages can be
Norwegian fjords, wasn’t it?
important when dealing with tourists.

Working in Tourism | U N I T 3 129

 B That’s right. A Of course not. Look, why don’t you come into
A Well, I’m sorry I haven’t got back to you. I’ve the agency? I’m sure my colleague will be
been really busy. Er… I should have time to able to help you.
prepare the proposal by… hum… the end of
the week. Would that be alright?
1d 2a 3b
B I suppose so, but you did say it would only
take a couple of days. I want to be able to
3 Sample answer:
surprise my wife with the tickets on our
anniversary and that’s next Tuesday. For me, the travel agent with the best
A Don’t worry. Leave it with me. communication skills was the second one. He is
completely understanding and reassuring the
Conversation 2 customer, even though the phone call was a bit
unnecessary and on his mobile so maybe outside
A Hello?
of working hours. The first travel agent was
B Hello, John? It’s Tina White. Sorry to disturb
unprofessional in her response and not giving a
you on your mobile.
clear answer. The last one is obviously a little
A No problem. How can I help you Tina?
frustrated by the customer and her questions,
B Well, I’ve just seen the news about the
but is still quite professional.
hurricane heading towards Florida and I’m so
worried about my holiday. I want to cancel
everything. Online worksheet
A Yes, I saw that on the news. However, there is You can download the worksheet A day in the life
no need for you to worry. Your destination is of a travel agent from our website
nowhere near the hurricane path. www.elilaspigaedizioni.it in the section called
B Are you sure? Explore.
A Absolutely. The area you’re going to in the
USA has an extremely low risk of hurricanes,
otherwise I wouldn’t have made the booking
for you at this time of the year. Please don’t Page 74
worry.
B Well, if you say so. 1 Personal answer
A Of course.
B Thanks for reassuring me. 2 1 R, RA 5 R, AA
A Don’t mention it. It’s all part of the job. 2 R 6 R, RA
3 AA 7 RA
Conversation 3 4 RA 8 AA, RA
A Good afternoon. Young Travel. Alex speaking.
B Hello. I saw an offer in your window as I was Online worksheet
coming home last night and I wanted some
You can download the worksheet Working in
more details.
food and beverage from our website
A Certainly. Which offer was it?
www.elilaspigaedizioni.it in the section called
B Let me think. Well, there was one to Prague
Explore.
that looked nice…
A The four day trip with flights from Gatwick?
Yes, that offer is valid until the end of the
month. The hotel is 3 star in the centre of… Page 75
B … but it’s the one to Paris I want to know about.
A Paris? The coach trip or the one by Eurostar? 1 1 A holiday rep is ‘the face of a tour operator’
B Ooh! I don’t know. What’s the difference? because he/she is the person the tourists meet
A Well one is by coach and one is by rail. The in person and is in the place where the tourists
coach trip is with a guide for the whole trip, are on holiday. Because of this, the holiday rep
while the rail trip is independent. must represent the tour operator in the best
B I don’t speak French. Do you think it would be possible way to make sure clients have a
a problem? positive impression and experience.

130 U NI T 3 | Working in Tourism

 2 The duties would be different because there
A What’s it like dealing with so many different
could be a much larger number of tourists to
customers?
deal with, more tours and activities to organise
B I love speaking to people and helping them, so
and, consequently, more problems could arise.
I enjoy this part of my job a lot. You need a lot
3 Personal answer
of patience though, when you are repeating
4 They have entertainers so that they can engage
the same thing for the tenth time. Most
with the clients and make sure they have fun. It
customers are pleasant, even if they are
is part of the package of being in a resort that
unhappy about something, but you always get
offers everything.
one or two that start to shout or get angry
5-6 Personal answers
with you, even when it is not your fault or you
are doing your best to sort out the situation.
2 1.17 PET Listening Part 4 A So perhaps now, Jasmine, you could tell us
something more about how to…
A = Interviewer, B = Jasmine
A What can you tell us about your job as a
1T 2F 3F 4T 5F 6T
holiday rep, Jasmine?
B Well, one of the first things I want to say
about being a holiday rep is what it is not like.
It is not like being at an all-day party. It is not
Page 76
like being on holiday all the time, contrary to 1 Personal answers
what many people always tell me. It is a job. It
certainly isn’t a typical job, with a commute
Background information
and working in an office from nine to five, but
it is most definitely work. And a lot of the The recruitment process for cabin crew members
time hard work. I was naïve about just how is quite demanding. The first selection is often
hard it was when I got my first job as a done through an online application where
holiday rep in Greece. The company had candidates provide basic details and their
promised me a position in Spain, as I speak academic and work history. There are also
the language, but in the end I was sent to questions concerning the criteria you need to meet
Greece instead. I was exhausted at the end of in order to become a cabin crew member such as
every day but still had to get up and carry on your height and language abilities. Candidates
the next day. have to complete one or more aptitude tests,
A So what is a typical day like? What do you usually verbal and numerical reasoning which look
have to do? at the skills and abilities in dealing with different
B It’s very difficult to say what a typical day in types of information. Most airlines hold an
this job is like. You have to cover so many roles assessment day for cabin crew applicants where
during each day as the job description is so there are activities such as group exercises, further
varied and no two days are ever the same. aptitude or language tests and an interview.
Things like going to the airport to greet the
next lot of holidaymakers, accompanying them
to the hotel and giving them a welcome 2 PET Reading Part 3
presentation are all fairly standard. But I have 1T 2F 3T 4F 5T 6T
to be a problem-solver when something goes
wrong, a pacifier when a holidaymaker is upset 2 There is possibility of promotion for flight
about something. I also have to provide so attendants working for a national career.
much information to customers on very 4 Flight attendants are informed during the brief
different matters. I get asked loads of before the flight to know the weather conditions
questions. They might ask me what the and other details.
weather forecast is for tomorrow, or the
currency exchange rate, or the time of the next 3 1 A benefit is being able to travel and see many
bus to the centre. I am an expert on all the places for free. Other benefits could be that it is
places to go and things to do on the island, and an interesting job and you are not stuck in a
I have to be ready to give recommendations routine. You and your family also get cheap
and advice to anyone who asks. flights or holidays.

Working in Tourism | U N I T 3 131

 2 Cleaning the toilets during a flight is not 1 PET Reading Part 3
glamorous. Dealing with the rubbish and other
1F 2T 3T 4F 5F 6F 7T 8F
cleaning duties, or looking after someone who is
ill, drunk or badly behaved are other unpleasant
2 Possible answers:
aspects of the job.
1 It’s a dynamic and fast-moving environment
3 The main part of the job of cabin crew that
with plenty of opportunities, especially in digital
passengers see during a flight, apart from the
marketing which probably appeals to a lot of
safety demonstration, is the serving of food and
young people.
drink so for this reason some passengers might
2 It is a highly competitive field where you have to
consider cabin crew to be the same as waiters.
be able to prove your ability and success.
4 Personal answer
3 If you work in the marketing department of a
company, you will know more about the
company, its ethos and working methods. You
Page 77 could have more loyalty and interest in making
the company a success and there could be
1 1 Because many of the facilities, and jobs, that
possibilities for promotion within the various
you can find in a hotel are also on board a cruise
departments or in other company locations. A
ship.
specialised marketing company works on many
2 It can be useful for those jobs which are similar,
different business accounts, so the job could be
but there are other jobs which are exclusive to
more varied. It is probably more competitive as
cruise ships which you can’t experience in a
the company must pitch for and win the
hotel.
business of new clients all the time and continue
3 A background in public relations would be
to show satisfactory results.
helpful because a lot of the role is dealing with
4 I think so because digital technology will
the public, keeping them happy and informed.
continue to change very rapidly and there will
4 Personal answer
be a need for people who can stay up to date
5 The most important part of the job is to sell the
with trends and invent new strategies. Digital
tours and excursion packages to the passengers.
marketing will become more and more
6 You need to have good administration skills in
personalised and the amount of data available
order to handle the bookings correctly and
will increase too. At the same time, however, it
good communication skills in order to sell well
will become more and more difficult to be
and deal with any requests or complaints.
convincing and stand out from the crowd.
7 For some people it might seem exotic or
exciting and a way to travel around the world
and have new experiences.
8 It is hard work and you are away from home for
Page 79
long periods of time. Additional drawbacks are 1 1 An event planner could work for a management
being in an enclosed space (even if it is big) with company or a hotel or other business in the
the same people all the time. hospitality industry.
2 They can organise parties, weddings,
conferences and concerts for private clients,
Page 78 companies and celebrities.
3 It’s important so that you can make the right
Background information kind of proposals and suggestions for all the
Marriott International, Inc. is a leading global elements of the event (place, décor, food, etc.)
hospitality company with more than 6,500 to ensure the clients choose your company and
properties across 127 countries. It was founded are satisfied with the event.
more than 90 years ago and has its headquarters 4 Problems could arise due to difficulties with the
in Bethesda, Maryland, near Washington DC. The suppliers, such as items not being delivered or
company includes luxury brand names like Ritz arriving late. The weather could cause problems
Carlton, Bulgari Hotels and W Hotels as well as if it is an outdoor event, the number of guests
more standard chains like Courtyard and Moxy could be more than originally planned and the
Hotels. clients could suddenly change their mind on the
day and want something different.

132 U NI T 3 | Working in Tourism

 5 I think the most important skills are being good
Page 82
at communicating and managing people and
being able to work under pressure. You definitely
need to be calm and quick thinking too. Extra activity: Warm up
6 Personal answer Ask the students what kind of information they
would expect to see in a CV. Alternatively write this
2 Personal answers list on the board and ask them to discuss in pairs
which they would/wouldn’t include in a CV and why.
COMPITO DI REALTÀ Note that in the UK, thanks to the Equality Act, it is
no longer necessary to include your age or
For further information about Compiti di realtà,
nationality on a CV or job application form.
see pages 16-17.
address marital status
career history name
date of birth nickname
Pages 80-81 favourite TV nationality
programmes qualifications
1 Personal answers interests social media presence

2 1 Sites like monster.com are general recruitment 1 1 A CV is a way to show who you are and what you
sites that cover different fields and sectors know in order to be selected for an interview.
whereas sites like hotelcareer.com are 2 It shouldn’t be too long, only 2 or 3 sides,
dedicated solely to the tourism and hospitality otherwise it would be too long for a recruiter to
industry. read easily and you risk that they don’t bother
2 Email alerts are useful as you receive automatic to look at it at all.
notification when new jobs are advertised so 3 The personal profile is usually at the start of a
you don’t have to view the site every day. CV as it is the chance to describe and sell
3 Face-to-face you can go to companies and yourself in one short paragraph that can be
business like hotels, restaurants and tourist easily seen and read by recruiters.
attractions to enquire about job vacancies and 4 Qualifications and work history should be listed
to leave your CV for any future opportunities. in reverse chronological order so that the
You can also visit recruitment agencies, recruiter can easily see your most recent, and
especially those specialised in your particular therefore probably most relevant, achievements.
field of interest. 5 You can include voluntary work and school-work
4 Looking online is very convenient and quick and experience programmes.
you are easily able to see opportunities in 6 Personal answer
different areas of your country and also abroad. 7 She would be suitable for job B (customer service
Recruitment agencies will know about local executive) because she has previous experience
opportunities but might have a lot of people on as a hotel receptionist, she speaks Spanish and
their books and so the competition will be fierce. she is interested in progressing her career.
Going to businesses directly is only really any
good if you live in an area where there are lots of
opportunities in the field you are looking for. Page 83
5 Personal answer

3 PET Reading Part 2 Background information

1A 2D 3C In the Language Passport, you can make a self-

assessment of your language skills, referring to the
Online worksheet Common European Framework, and list any
certificates, diplomas and linguistic and
You can download the worksheet Working abroad intercultural experiences.
from our website www.elilaspigaedizioni.it in the Europass Mobility records knowledge and skills
section called Explore. acquired in another European country, such as
during a work or voluntary placement, or an

Working in Tourism | U N I T 3 133

 educational exchange programme and is compiled Page 85
by the organisations involved, such as universities,
training centres and companies. Background information

LinkedIn is a social network for professionals with

1 It is well-written with no mistakes, but perhaps is hundreds of millions of members. Whether you’re a
a little too brief. He has included volunteer work, marketing executive, a business owner who runs a
but could have added more details about his small shop or a student, it can help you become
responsibilities at the summer camp in order to more productive and successful by finding new
show his organisational and leadership skills, for opportunities to grow your career and to connect
example. He hasn’t indicated the grade he got with other professionals. You have to create a profile
for his high school certificate and there isn’t a with your experience and achievements, and then
personal profile saying what his strengths or you can add ‘connections’ similarly to how you’d
aims are. make a friend request on Facebook; you can
converse via private message; you can learn about
other companies and gain industry insights and
Page 84 discover new career opportunities.

Possible answers:
skilled, knowledgeable, proficient, capable, experienced, Personal answer
run, control, direct, collaborate, achieve, goal, target,
accomplish, succeed
1 1 A mini CV is a business card with your contact
details, job title and a few of your key skills or
achievements. As it is small, it is easy to carry
EXPLORE GRAMMAR around with you and can be handed out at
1 was 4 spent, was networking events and careers fairs.
2 have been doing 5 have acquired 2 If you make a video CV, you need to be
3 was, helped 6 have been, had careful about where it is filmed and what you
say as you need to make a good impression
and appear professional.
3 LinkedIn is a professional networking site.
Video tutorials 4 You can put all the details that you would
normally have on a CV on the site.
In the FLIP BOOK, you can find two Video
5 It can be useful if you are looking for a job as
tutorials about the use of the Past simple and
you can build up a network of contacts and
the Present perfect.
professionals in your field, some of whom
might be looking for candidates or know
about job vacancies. In addition, many
1 1C 2A 3A 4C 5B 6C 7B 8C
recruiters and companies use the site to look
for potential employees.
2 Sample answer:
6 A personal brand is the image you can create
A conscientious and hardworking student, I have and show to the world on social media and
just completed a tourism course at High School other online platforms. It is important, in my
and achieved excellent grades in my final exams. opinion, as nowadays there is a lot of
With my knowledge of three foreign languages competition in the world of work and you
and summer work experience in a travel agency, need to be visible and memorable in order to
I am looking for an opportunity to develop my become successful.
skills in a leading company within the travel
industry. 2 Personal answer

3 Personal answer 3
Hello. My name’s Gail O’Connell and I just want a
few minutes of your time to explain why hiring

134 U NI T 3 | Working in Tourism

me will ultimately be a benefit to your company. Pages 86-87
So, first, let me tell you a little about myself. I’m
1 1 It is important because it is your first contact with
from a small town called Horsham in the south of
a potential employer and it needs to make a
England and I graduated last year with a first-
good impression that gets you noticed.
class honours degree from the University of Bristol
2 It should be like a standard business letter with
in Economy and Business, with a specialisation in
the correct opening and closing salutations.
IT. My thesis was on IT and its effects on the
3 You can show you are an ideal candidate by
development of the tourism industry.
highlighting a particular competence, skill or
I have just completed a five-month internship with
experience that corresponds to the profile the
the tour operator Thomson where I developed
employer is looking for.
these skills. This experience with Thomson
4 You shouldn’t repeat all the information that is
(website analysis and design, creation of press
on the CV as it would be too long, boring and
releases and newsletters, consumer behaviour and
repetitive. You need to be able to create a sense
trends) also taught me to be a great team player
of curiosity and interest so that the recruiter will
and I was able to improve my written and oral
then look carefully at your CV for all the details.
communication skills tremendously.
5 The covering letter needs to be different for
I am interested in taking on a customer-facing role
each job application so that it is personalised for
within a tourist organisation where I can continue
the specific job and highlights something
to grow and develop. I’m ready to put into
relevant for that particular position. Recruiters
practice what I have learned during my degree
don’t want to feel like they are reading a circular
and my hands-on work experience. I’m always up
letter sent to many people.
for a challenge and am dedicated and committed.
You can check out my blog here and you can 2 Personal answer
contact me directly here.
Thank you for your time. I’d love to hear from you. 3 Sample answer:
I guarantee you won’t regret making the decision
to hire me. Dear Mr Mulligan,
With reference to your advertisement on tourismjobs.
Possible answers: com, I would like to apply for the post of sport activity
The candidate has five months experience as an leader within your resorts.
intern with a tour operator. She mentions being
I am currently working for the tourist information
a team player and that she improved her written
centre in my town, where my responsibilities
and oral communication skills during her time as
include dealing with customer enquiries and
an intern. She is dedicated and committed and
running local walking tours. Here, I have developed
ready for a challenge.
excellent organisational and communication skills.
Furthermore, I am fluent in English and Spanish.
Weaker students Another reason for applying is my experience as a
tennis player at a regional and national level and as
Provide students with these questions to think about
a tennis coach at two summer camps. I am extremely
in order to help structure the text for the video CV.
active, able to get people involved and interested in
What two pieces of personal information, apart from
sports and used to working hard so I believe I would
your name, can you give? For example, where you
be an ideal candidate for this position.
live, a hobby or interest that is relevant.
How would you describe yourself? Think of two or Please find attached a copy of my CV. I hope my
three adjectives such as hardworking, competent, application will be considered favourably and I look
outgoing, focused. forward to being invited to an interview.
What work experience have you had through school Yours sincerely,
or volunteering? Say something about what you did
Giulio Tiberi
and what you learnt.
What kind of job/sector are you interested in?
Give reasons why.
4 Personal answer

5 Personal answer

Working in Tourism | U N I T 3 135

 Pages 88-89 that I will need to resolve before getting on with
more routine tasks.
1 Personal answers
A Could you give me an example?
B Of course. One example of my problem solving
2 PET Reading Part 3
and communication skills was when we had one
1T 2F 3T 4T 5T 6F 7F 8F guest who had asked to change rooms several
times for various reasons and was still not
2 The interviewers are usually the head of
completely satisfied. I was able to reassure him
Human Resources and the head of the
of our commitment to making his stay
department where the candidate will work.
enjoyable, also because I could speak to him in
6 You should sit down when you are invited to.
his own language, Arabic.
7 You should never exaggerate or lie.
A I can see that you also have an advanced
8 You should not ask how well you did right
qualification in Spanish. That is fundamental
after the interview.
here. Perhaps we could do a part of the
3 Possible answers – other tips: interview in Spanish now.
• Don’t ask about holidays and having time off B Por supuesto, no hay ningún problema.
• Avoid using typical answers (e.g. for strengths
and weaknesses) but think of something Conversation 2
more personal A = Interviewer, B = Simon Munroe
• Say hello and be polite to the people you meet A Good morning. Please come in and sit down. My
(e.g. at reception, in the lift) as they could be name is Nick Jesson.
asked for their impression B Good morning. Pleased to meet you.
• Check at least twice that you have switched A So you’ve been working in a reservations office
off your phone for the last six months. Can you tell me
• Don’t wear too much make-up or lots of something about that?
accessories B Sure. Well. It’s a fairly small organisation… so… I
• Cover up tattoos if the environment is very formal mean only a few people in the office at the time.
You know, I work on my own most of the time.
4 A How well do you think you would adapt to
working as a team?
Conversation 1 B Oh, no problems... I’m a good team player…
A = Interviewer, B = Jennie Lloyd Absolutely.
A Right. What aspect of your current job do you
A Good morning. Please come in and sit down. My
enjoy the most?
name is Nick Jesson, head of Human Resources.
B The interaction with the customers gives me a
B Good morning. Pleased to meet you Mr Jesson.
lot of satisfaction. I am confident about my
A So, Jennie. You went to the University of
ability to help them in any circumstance, giving
Strathclyde, didn’t you?
appropriate advice and help.
B That’s right. I graduated in 2018 with a first-
A I see. So what about…
class degree.
B And I have always had excellent feedback for
A You must know Kevin Woods, then? He teaches
my communication skills on all my appraisals. I
marketing there.
feel that it is fundamental to have excellent
B Yes, I had one course in my first year with Mr
interpersonal skills in any customer-facing role
Woods.
and it is something I do my best to improve all
A He’s an old friend of mine. Right. So, this
the time.
position of Customer Service Executive requires
A Yes, a lot of this role is on the telephone so
a lot of adaptability on a day-to-day basis. How
being clear, precise and quick is important.
would you cope with such a role?
B Of course.
B As a receptionist in a luxury hotel I’m used to
A Many of our contacts are in Spain. You say you
having a variety of responsibilities and there is
are fluent in Spanish, so, could we continue the
always an element of unknown at the start of
rest of the interview in Spanish?
every shift. There may have been some
B Oh. In Spanish? Right, OK. If you want, sure.
problems during the previous shift, for example,
Yes.

136 U NI T 3 | Working in Tourism

1 Jemma ✓, Simon ✓ (he is wearing a suit but no
tie) COMPITO DI REALTÀ
2 Jemma ✓, Simon ✓ For further information about Compiti di realtà,
3 Simon ✓ see pages 16-17.
4 Simon ✓
5 Jemma ✓ (a little), Simon ✓ (a little)
6 Simon ✓ (on a couple of occasions) Pages 90-91
7 Simon ✓ (on one occasion)
8 - 1 1 be in charge of 4 organise/be
2 deal with responsible for
3 report to 5 comply with
Stronger students
6 provide
Get the students to watch the video again and take
notes on the candidates’ current job, their skills and 2 1 administrative 5 resort entertainer
their attitude. assistant 6 room attendant
It is important for students to learn to take notes 2 guide 7 social host
freely, and not just to complete a table or missing 3 holiday rep 8 travel agent
information. They can write headings, subheadings 4 hotel receptionist
and use a table or spidergram format to help
organise the notes. They need to get used to writing
3 Possible answers:
1 A flight attendant should be fluent in a foreign
down only the key information, such as numbers,
language and have good interpersonal and
dates and key words which can be verbs and nouns.
problem-solving skills.
They should omit articles and unnecessary pronouns
2 A hotel manager should have good
and adjectives to keep the notes short and concise.
organisational skills and be computer literate.
Possible answers: 3 An event planner should have excellent
Jennie organisational and interpersonal skills. They
Receptionist ‑ Busy London hotel should be good at problem solving and have
Variety of responsibilities. proven experience.
Problem-solving and communication skills 4 A digital marketing assistant should have good
Adaptable computer skills and be able to work in a team.
Arabic and Spanish 5 A tourist information centre manager should
Good answers. Bit shy? have excellent communication and organisational
Simon skills. They need to be computer literate too.
Works alone ‑ small organisation 6 A travel agent should be fluent in a foreign
Team player language, computer literate and interested in
Customer relations travel. Good communication and organisational
Interpersonal and communication skills skills are important too.
Bit informal. Too confident?
Interrupts
4 1 sociable/outgoing 4 patient
2 adaptable/flexible 5 reliable
3 precise 6 motivated
5 Possible answers:
5 1d 2e 3g 4f 5c 6h 7b 8a
Jennie gives good clear answers, but she could
be a bit more confident in her approach, with 6 1d 2f 3e 4b 5a 6c
more eye contact for example. She doesn’t look
very comfortable at times.
Simon could expand his answer about being a Pages 92-93
team player which is too short. He should be
dressed in a more formal manner with a tie. He
1 ES
seems a bit too over confident and he certainly
shouldn’t interrupt the interviewer, as it shows 1 The best way to get published as a travel writer
his communication and interpersonal skills might is to submit short articles to magazines,
not be as good as he claims. newspapers or travel web sites.

Working in Tourism | U N I T 3 137

 2 You should do plenty of research into your
A What’s the most challenging part of your job?
destination and plan where you want to visit.
B The most challenging part of my job is
You should also make sure you have the paper
without a doubt dealing with customer
work, health cover and equipment you will need.
complaints!
3 You can work as a ski instructor in traditional
A How do you do this?
resorts in Northern Europe, or in newer resorts
B You reassure the guest that you will listen to
in Eastern Europe in winter; in artificial pistes in
them, maintain a positive attitude, be
the Middle-East all year round, or in Australia or
diplomatic and try and resolve the issue as
New Zealand in the summer.
quickly and efficiently as possible.
4 You should be nice to your skiing students
A And what do you like about your job?
because you often depend on personal
B I love my job because it’s unpredictable ‑ I
recommendation as a ski instructor.
never know what’s round the corner and I get
5 To be a good tour guide you need to be
to meet interesting people from all over the
outgoing, good at communicating and speaking
world!
languages, well-organised and have a very good
memory for facts.
6 You should market your tour guide services on 1B 2A 3B 4C 5B 6C
social media, on a website or directly to
companies, tourists sites and the public. 4 1.18
1 in charge of 4 make sure, check
2 Personal answers 2 manage, oversee 5 dealing with
3 Problems include 6 reassure, resolve
3 1.18 PET Listening Part 1
5 Sample answer:

A = Interviewer, B = Hotel manager

A Hi, Lucy. Tell me about your job as a hotel Dear Ms Rees,
manager… I am writing in response to your advertisement in
B Sure, I’m in charge of the day-to-day running The Times last week and I would like to apply for
of the hotel… the position of children’s rep in Majorca.
A And what are your specific duties?
The main reason for applying is my experience in
B I manage the hotel staff, the building, the
dealing with children. In fact, for the last eight
budgets and oversee marketing strategies.
months I have worked in a private childcare
A So describe a typical day ‘at the office’… organisation and I am responsible for a group of
B Every day is different, but I usually start early, children aged from three to eight. I ensure they
before the guests leave their rooms. have different, creative and fun activities to do
I go to the front desk and talk to the each day and am very aware of the need to deal
receptionists about any issues or problems. sensitively with different needs and abilities.
A What are the usual types of problems? Furthermore, I am fluent in Spanish as I have
B Problems include lost luggage or mix-ups relatives in the country and am used to the
with bookings… that sort of thing. culture and way of life there.
A What’s next?
I am extremely interested in this post as I wish
B Next, I go to the breakfast area to make sure
to look for a challenging role in the tourism and
it is ready for guests to start their day. I check
hospitality industry where I can combine my
that the tables are laid correctly, the lights are language skills with my experience of working
all on and the daily newspapers are available. with children.
A Is it important to have an eye for detail?
B Certainly, it’s often the little details that make I enclose a copy of my CV with full details of my
all the difference to a guest’s stay. qualifications and work experience to date. I
A What other important skills should a hotel would welcome the chance to give you further
manager have in your opinion? details in an interview.
B They should have excellent communication Looking forward to your reply,
skills given that a hotel manager spends a lot
Yours sincerely,
of the day interacting with hotel staff and
guests. Giulia Rossi

138 U NI T 3 | Working in Tourism

6 Personal answers

A = Interviewer, B = Job applicant

A Come in and take a seat.
B Thank you.
A Tell me about yourself.
B My name is Angie, I’m nineteen and I’ve got a
diploma in tourism.
A Why do you want this job in the Kids’ Club?
B I’d like a career as a holiday rep and this job
sounds challenging and interesting.
A What relevant skills do you have for this job?
B I speak fluent English and very good French
and Spanish.
A And have you got any experience of working
with children?
B Yes, I’ve worked as a babysitter and in a
summer camp.
A What particular qualities do you have to do
this job?
B I get on really well with children. I’ve got a lot
of younger cousins and I’m always inventing
activities to keep them busy when we have
family events.
A What are your strengths?
B I’ve got plenty of energy and I’m really
creative and sporty.
A And what are your weaknesses?
B I can be very chatty and I sometimes lose
track of time.
A Do you work better on your own or as part of
a team?
B Both! I love being part of a team, because
everyone is good at different things. But I’m
not afraid to work on my own and use my
initiative.
A Where do you see yourself in five years’ time?
B In five years’ time I’d like to be the manager of
a team of holiday reps.
A Do you have any questions you’d like to ask
me?
B I’d like to know a bit more about the Kids’
Club team.
A Yes, of course. Well, it’s…

8 Personal answers

Working in Tourism | U N I T 3 139

TOURISM CASE STUDY Promoting a web business
Pages 94-95 Advantages: can reach a wide audience
3
TV
Background
Disadvantages: very expensive for a web
Hanny is from the Netherlands. She studied Tourism business to make and place a TV ad; needs
and Communication Management before working in to be well designed; can’t see the results in
marketing. She then set up her own communications a concrete way; target audience is too wide
agency and came up with the idea for a website for
B&Bs.
Advantages: good to reach a specific
audience; costs can be low if you choose a
4
Case presentation small ad
TRADE PRESS
The new website is called bedandbreakfast.eu. They
didn’t follow the same design and features as the Disadvantages: need someone to design it;
existing site as it was completely updated. They also can’t know who visits your website after
updated the .nl site. The new site is user-friendly, in having seen a print ad
three languages with a visually appealing design.

Step three
Case analysis
Step one A brand image is important to attract and retain
customers. It is more than just a logo or name: it is
Possible answers:
the associations and impressions that existing and
potential customers make over time as they interact
DIGITAL TRADITIONAL
with a business. These views, beliefs and
banner ads, local and national perceptions can be affected by advertising and
remarketing, SEO, newspapers, trade personal experience.
pop-up ads, SEA magazines, radio,
Setting business goals or objectives establishes the
TV, billboards, street
furniture vision a business owner has for the future of a
business and sets out a clear plan to achieve it.
Short-term business goals are generally those a
Step two company wishes to accomplish in less than 6
Advantages: fairly cheap; can track the
success of the number of people who click months and can be considered the building blocks
through from the ad; can choose the target for long-term goals, which can extend for a number
words to get a fairly specific audience; of years in the future. Short-term goals can be
doesn’t have any big design costs; perfect things like increasing sales, hosting successful
1 promotions or events and increasing social media
SEARCH ENGINE choice for a web business
presence. It is important to measure if these
ADVERTISING
Disadvantages: need someone with objectives are being reached and, if necessary,
technical knowledge of how it works and change strategy and try something new. Long-term
the best key words etc. to use goals regard what you want your business to
become, often in terms of service, customer
satisfaction, growth and profit.

Advantages: cheap; can track the success; Step three

2 can reach a large number of people Personal answers
BANNER ADS
Disadvantages: people use ad blockers; Step four
maybe don’t trust clicking on adverts or
Personal answers
can find them intrusive and annoying
Outcome
Personal answers

140 TO URI SM CA SE ST UDY | Promoting a web business

 Map your knowledge REVIEW SECTION A

Page 96
Map your knowledge
This page is a revision guide of the main topics and
key words for units 1, 2 and 3. In the FLIP BOOK, the
maps are extended further on some points and
there is a short audio text for each point. The maps
can be used individually at the end of each unit or
all together at the end of the section.
Listening to these short summaries of the key terms
and ideas is a useful revision tool before class and
oral tests. Weaker students can read the texts while
listening to improve comprehension. They can also
be used as a visual reminder, and students can add
their own notes or comments.

Extra activity: Speaking/Writing

Before listening to/reading the texts for the first
time, divide the students into pairs or small groups.
Each should be given one of the blue headings on
the map, or one of the sub-categories depending on
the size of the group/scope of the category. They
should prepare a short explanation or summary for
the topic/key word given. When finished, the pairs
with the same heading/category can compare their
ideas or it can be done together as a class. Students
can then listen to/read the texts and compare what
information they included/didn’t include.

Go to page 251 for the extended maps and the

audio texts.

Map your knowledge | R EV IEW S EC TI O N A 141

 UNIT 4 Motivations and Destinations
Page 98 Background information

1 leisure, business, visiting friends and relatives Auschwitz was the largest of the German Nazi
(VFR) concentration and extermination camps, where over
1.1 million men, women and children lost their lives.
2 1 Business travel is made up of anyone who The museum was created in 1947 and it is possible
travels for work or professional purposes. to visit two areas of the camp. Entrance is free, but
2 MICE is an acronym which stands for Meetings hiring a guide/educator is recommended to get a
Incentives Conferences and Exhibitions. better understand of the place.
3 Rewarding employees with a holiday is an http://auschwitz.org/en/
example of incentive travel. The memorial site at Dachau, the first Nazi
4 A delegate at a conference can participate in concentration camp in Germany, has a permanent
workshops, plenary sessions and listen to exhibition regarding the ‘path of the prisoners’,
important speakers. using firsthand accounts from prisoners and their
5 In business travel, the quality of services and biographies. There is a visitor centre and
facilities is usually higher than for leisure educational workshops and programmes.
tourism. http://www.kz-gedenkstaette-dachau.de/index-e.html
6 An economic crisis might affect how much
business travel there is. The National September 11 memorial in New York
7 Other businesses benefit from business travel commemorates the 9/11 terrorist attacks on the
because of the other events that are associated USA. There is a historical exhibition exploring the
with it, like tours of the area or visits to day of the attacks on the World Trade Centre, the
attractions. Pentagon and the story of Flight 63, as well as the
8 The aim of a corporate event is to develop background leading to the events and their
relationships and new business. aftermath. There is also a memorial exhibition which
commemorates all those whose lives were lost (see
3 Personal answers page 287; 296). There is also a memorial next to the
Pentagon, just outside Washington DC.
https://www.911memorial.org/
Page 99 Located in central Amsterdam, the Anne Frank
Museum is dedicated to the life and diary of Anne
RIGHT or WRONG? Frank, a Jewish girl who had to go into hiding during
World War II to escape from the Nazis. While she, and
A class or group discussion on whether slum and
seven others, hid in the secret annex in the house, she
dark tourism are right or wrong, can start with the
wrote her diary. After two years, they were discovered
two sentences at the end of each paragraph.
and sent to concentration camps, where only her
Other statements to encourage critical thinking and
father survived. After Anne’s death and the end of the
discussion:
war, he decided to publish her diary.
Tours to slum areas can bring income to the local
http://www.annefrank.org/en/
people, as the tour companies often give part of
their profits to the local community.
Tour companies are trying to make money out of
poverty. Online worksheet
Slum tours help tourists understand the problems You can download the worksheet Itinerary – Study
and real life of the inhabitants. holiday from our website www.elilaspigaedizioni.it
Slum tours are the equivalent of a human zoo, with in the section called Explore.
the rich people watching the poor as if they were in
a zoo.
It is immoral to watch these poor people and then 1 medical (tourism) genealogy (tourism)
return to your easy life elsewhere. food (tourism) archaeology tourism
study tourism wildlife tourism
bird watching dark tourism
(tourism) slum tourism

142 U NI T 4 | Motivations and Destinations

2 1C 2A 3C 4B
organisation which is based on volunteering. Its
goal is to connect people from across the globe
3 1 niche 4 niche who wish to experience life on organic farms and
2 niche 5 mass learn all about them.
3 mass 6 niche The way it works is to have WWOOF hosts and
WWOOF volunteers – also known as
WWOOFers. The hosts are those that run an
Pages 100-101 organic farm or small holding and are willing to
accept people to stay with them. The
1 A SAFARI
WWOOFERS, in exchange for the hospitality –
B MARINE TOURISM
basically accommodation and food – offer their
C ECOTOURISM
help on the farm. In this way both groups benefit,
D WORKING RANCH AND FARM HOLIDAYS
learn a lot and form new friendships. The
E AGRITOURISM
WWOOFers are responsible for all their other
expenses such as travel, insurance, medical bills
Personal answer and so on. The work the volunteers do is usually
around four to six hours a day and it is likely to
be outside in the fields or with animals. It’s
Stronger students normally necessary to be over 18 but there is no
upper age limit.
When talking about agritourism, a further question
The decision to become a WWOOFer obviously
for discussion and development could be what the
comes from a strong belief in and a passion for
students know about the laws for setting up an
organic food and methods, as well as the desire
agritourism in Italy. Alternatively, this would be an
to find out more about a sustainable way of
ideal subject for cross-curricular study/CLIL.
living in a hands-on, practical way. WWOOFers
Useful website can consult the WWOOF website of the country
www.agriturismo.it/it/extra/aprire-un-agriturismo-25 they are interested in in order to find a list of
hosts and places. Each host provides a
2 1 Ecotourism description of what they offer, what they expect
2 all and what type of farming activities they do.
3 Working ranch and farm holidays There are usually reviews from other WWOOFers
4 Marine tourism, Ecotourism, Agritourism talking about their time to help choose the ideal
5 Agritourism place, whether you are interested in learning
6 Safari about growing oranges in Spain or organic
7 Working ranch and farm holidays, Agritourism vegetables in New Zealand. In addition to these
8 Working ranch and farm holidays kinds of activities, you can learn to make
products like cheese and wine or how to look
after animals like geese, chickens and pigs.
3 1.19 FCE Listening Part 2

When it first started, back in 1971, WWOOF was 1 London 4 way of living
called ‘Working Weekends on Organic Farms’ 2 organic farms 5 cheese and wine
and it was born thanks to Sue Coppard, a 3 help
secretary in London. She remembered fondly her
childhood holidays spent on farms and also 4 ES
recognised the need for people like herself, who Possible answers:
lived and worked in big cities like London, to 1 It is increasing because tourism in general is
have access to the countryside and to find a way growing and more and more people are looking
to support the organic movement. for new experiences.
Since then it has developed enormously and 2 The threats are from things like pollution and
WWOOF is now a worldwide organisation whose climate change, loss of habitat, over-exploitation
name stands for World Wide Opportunities on and the illegal trade of animals.
Organic Farms. The word ‘work’ was dropped as 3 It is the biggest threat because if the animals are
it could give the wrong impression of the killed and the species become extinct, there will

Motivations and Destinations | U N I T 4 143

 be no animals to see and wildlife tourism in the
Volcano boarding is quite a new activity that we
area would stop, meaning that people would
offer. We’ve noticed more people becoming
lose their jobs.
interested in it so it’s been worth adding it to our
4 The tourism sector should operate in a
catalogue of adventures. At the moment we only
responsible and sustainable manner and should
offer this sport in Nicaragua. It can be quite
engage with local people and customers.
dangerous as there are bits of flying rock so
5 Individuals have a responsibility towards
protective equipment like goggles and helmets
maintaining wildlife and the natural habitat.
are essential. We provide all of this gear, together
They can do this by choosing tour operators and
with the board, as part of the package. It takes
holidays which are responsible and involved in
about an hour to climb the volcano but only a
the protection of wildlife and support of local
few exhilarating minutes to come back down
communities, rather than choosing just the
again. The volcano we go down is actually an
cheapest holiday without knowing about the
active one, but don’t let that put you off!
ethics and operations of the company.
We offer canyoning in about four or five different
countries, but the place I prefer to go to is the
Page 102 Rocky Mountains in the USA. This sport has a
little bit of everything, but one thing for sure is
you’re going to get wet. You descend steep
Extra activity: Warm-up gorges, scramble across streams, jump into
Ask students: rivers, climb down waterfalls, slide down paths,
Would you go on an adventure holiday or do an all while surrounded by some of the most
extreme sport? What would you choose? spectacular scenery in the world. What more
could you want?

1 Locations: unusual and remote; natural 1 October to March 5 active

environment 2 12 6 USA
Features: physical activity, often extreme; some risk 3 Nicaragua 7 wet
or danger; contact with nature and local people 4 equipment/gear 8 Climb
Personal requirements: adventurous, fit, good
health, money, maybe certificate or specific skill
Example activities: bungee jumping, base jumping, Page 103
scuba diving
1 1 Transport, accommodation, restaurants and
2 A white-water rafting
other hospitality venues are sectors which can
B volcano boarding
be involved in a domestic wedding.
C canyoning
2 One partner might come from another country
and wish to celebrate the wedding there or the
3 1.20 PET Listening Part 2 couple might want to have their wedding in a
dream location.
The adrenalin rush that you get doing extreme
3 Local businesses can be involved with aspects
sports and activities is incredible, just awesome,
like flowers, cake, music and photography as
and after a while you can’t live without it. Here
well as helping with the necessary paperwork
are some of my favourites.
and licences.
A sport that has been popular for a long time,
4 They are a good opportunity because many
and I can’t see it ever changing, is white-water
couples still consider that a honeymoon is the
rafting. One of my favourite locations is in
occasion to have a dream holiday in a distant or
Scotland, on the River Orchy. It’s a great
exotic location and are willing to spend a lot of
destination, especially between October and
money.
March when the river is at its highest and fastest.
5 Exotic island locations like the Caribbean or the
To do this sport here, you preferably need to
Maldives, major cities and adventurous holidays
have some previous experience as the route is 12
in wild locations are all popular choices.
miles long with two fantastic waterfall drops
6 They try to distinguish honeymoons from other
which will really get the adrenalin flowing.
holidays by offering some complimentary services
or upgrades so that the couple feel more special.

144 U NI T 4 | Motivations and Destinations

 7 The second wedding package is more expensive 7 Travel is by air-conditioned minibus, with a
as it has more traditional details that you would maximum of 12 people.
expect at a wedding, like a cake, champagne 8 It costs between €480 and €590, but there are
and flowers. some discounts available too.
8 If the couple book at least three/four rooms for
seven nights in one of the hotels, the wedding 3
package is free of charge.
THE PLACE THE PERSON THE PRODUCT
2 1 wedding 5 toast farm farmer fruit, vegetables
2 marriage licence 6 bride
3 minister 7 (floral) buttonhole winery/vineyard winemaker wine
4 ceremony 8 groom
brewery brewer beer, ale
cakes, bread,
Page 104 bakery baker
pastries
dairy cheesemonger cheese
1 Personal answers

Background information Page 105

An organisation which is involved in the promotion
of local food and traditional cooking to benefit local Possible answers:
producers rather than the mass producers of Montecatini Terme, Bagno Vignoni, Saturnia, Bullicame,
agricultural and food products is Slow Food. It was Petriolo (Toscana), Bormio, Volcano, Sirmione
founded by Carlo Petrini in Italy in 1986 and has
since spread worldwide. Promoted as an alternative
to fast food, it strives to preserve traditional and 1
regional cuisine and promote sustainable food
practices, where everyone can enjoy food that is MEDICAL TOURISM WELLNESS TOURISM
good for them, good for those who grow it and physical,
good for the planet. travelling abroad psychological and
Definition for medical spiritual activities
treatment to improve
Online worksheet
wellbeing
You can download the worksheet Itinerary –
any foreign resorts, hotels, spas
Culinary tour from our website
country (India, (often near thermal
www.elilaspigaedizioni.it in the section called Where
Israel, Mexico are springs and in
Explore.
popular) beautiful places)

2 1 No, you can learn about history, culture and • for treatment that is to reduce stress,
heritage as well as food and drink. unavailable at home improve wellbeing,
2 Food tourism helps local businesses involved in Why • for treatment that change lifestyle
food production, supply and retail so boosts the is illegal at home and diet, relax
local economy. • to save money and be pampered
3 A walking tour of a few hours in a city, a longer
tour of a few days around a region, cooking 2 1.21 PET Listening Part 2
classes and demonstrations.
4 The guide can provide expert and local So one unique aspect of Bath is the hot thermal
knowledge about lots of areas connected to the springs and a lot of the tourism in the city stems
activities, places, food, culture, local people and from this. The history of the city dates back to
so on. Roman times. As you know the Romans loved
5 It covers the area between Parma, Modena and using hot springs for relaxation and for their health
Bologna. benefits, so when they discovered the hot springs
6 There is a cooking class, visits to farms, vineyard here they quickly developed a resort in about 70 AD.
and dairies and also meals in restaurants.

Motivations and Destinations | U N I T 4 145

 Today, you can visit the Roman Baths in the city www.newzealand.com/int/feature/the-lord-of-the-
and I suggest picking up one of our audio guides rings-trilogy-filming-locations/
as you walk around the complex. The Great Bath is Game of Thrones is an American TV series, in the
the main feature. It is below street level and genre of fantasy drama, set in a fictional kingdom
surrounded by a terrace which is adorned with with all the battles for the throne and between good
statues. Other parts you can visit are the heated and evil. Many of the external locations are in
rooms and I would recommend ending your visit at Northern Ireland, but also Iceland, Croatia, Canada
the interactive museum where you can find out and other places. The tourism board of Northern
more about the baths’ history, Roman life and their Ireland has used the Games of Throne series as a
treasures. You can’t actually get into the spring promotional tool for the country.
water, which is at a constant 46° centigrade, at the https://discovernorthernireland.com/things-to-do/
Roman Bath, but in the Pump Room you can taste attractions/game-of-thrones/game-of-thrones/
it. The water contains 42 minerals and is supposed
to have healing powers. If you prefer something Platform 9¾ at Kings Cross is where the famous
tastier and more traditional to eat and drink, the Hogwarts Express leaves from in the Harry Potter
Pump Room serves wonderful afternoon teas books and films. At the London station you can find
which would be a lovely way to end the day. a photo opportunity with a luggage trolley
If you want to relax like the Romans did over 2,000 disappearing through the wall below a sign for
years ago, head for Thermae Bath Spa in the city Platform 9¾, and a souvenir and gift shop.
centre to bathe in the warm, mineral-rich waters.
There is an indoor pool and an open-air rooftop 2 1 A music or screen tourist is someone who
pool, which is particularly spectacular at sunset. intentionally decides to visit locations because
The popular Twilight package is a spa session for of their connection to films, singers or music
two people. For £88 you both have 3 hours in the groups that they are particularly passionate
spa, with the use of towels, robes and slippers, a about.
light snack and a glass of wine. The Spa also offers 2 A destination can offer guided tours, museums,
many treatments and packages to pamper you. exhibitions, shops with merchandise or
Why not try a traditional massage to take away the souvenirs, or they can use the film/music
stress of everyday life or a hot stone massage for connection in their advertising to promote the
deep relaxation? Many accommodation options in location.
the city and surrounding areas offer spa packages 3 The organisations may be local authorities or
so you have a wide choice for your city break in tourist boards, private companies or family/
this wonderful place.
heirs of a deceased person.
4 The cities included in the tour are Memphis,
1 70 AD 4 taste famous for blues, Nashville, famous for country
2 interactive museum 5 88 music, and New Orleans, famous for jazz.
3 46°C 6 hot stone 5 The tour lasts for 7 nights/8 days and is by
coach.
6 The price includes accommodation, some food,
Page 106 all entrance fees and transport, but does not
include the return flights to the USA.
1 Personal answers

3 Personal answers
Background information
The Lord of the Rings film trilogy, based on the Online worksheets
novel written by J. R. R. Tolkien, were directed by You can download the worksheets CLIL –
Peter Jackson. The three films – The Fellowship of Literature and Itinerary – Literary trail
the Ring (2001), The Two Towers (2002) and The from our website www.elilaspigaedizioni.it
Return of the King (2003) – were shot in New in the section called Explore.
Zealand in over 150 different locations in
conservation areas and national parks. New Zealand
ran a Tolkien themed advertising campaign to
promote the country.

146 U NI T 4 | Motivations and Destinations

 Modern – Ponte di Calatrava in Venice, Isozaki
Page 107 Tower in Milan, Maxxi in Rome
Cultural – Venice Carnival, Calcio Storico Fiorentino,
1 PET Reading Part 3 Battle of the Oranges in Ivrea, Viareggio Carnival
1F 2F 3T 4F 5T 6F 7T 8 TF Purpose-built – Gardaland, Oltremare, Italia in
Miniatura, Rainbow Magic Land, Safari Ravenna,
1 It is probably the oldest form of tourism. Bioparco Roma
2 They may be interested in learning about other
religions too. Personal answers
4 It is when tourists who have not come to a
location specifically for religious purposes visit a
holy place in order to include aspects of local Possible answer:
culture and history in their holiday. Gardaland is close to Lake Garda, an area which attracts a
6 It is expected to increase. lot of tourists in its own right. The road and rail links nearby
are good and it is fairly easy to reach from several major
COMPITO DI REALTÀ cities such as Bologna, Verona, Venice and Milan. The
decent weather was probably also a factor.
For further information about Compiti di realtà,
As Genova is on the sea, there is the natural link with
see pages 16-17.
having an aquarium in the city. Furthermore, the port
area was part of a regeneration project so a purpose-built
building could be designed and built.
Pages 108-109
1 Personal answers 2 PET Reading Part 3
1T 2F 3F 4T 5F 6T 7T 8F
2 A COAST
B RIVERS AND LAKES 2 They give us lots of details and information about
C MOUNTAINS AND GLACIERS the past.
D NATURAL PARKS 3 They can also be built as a sign of faith,
E VOLCANOES AND GEYSERS inspiration and celebration in a place with no
specific links.
3 Possible answers: 5 If done well, they can add value by enhancing the
A arch, island, headland, bay, erosion, cliff, shore, difference between old and modern.
waves sandy beaches, archipelago, atolls, coral 8 They are planned and built in popular areas, with
reefs, lagoons good infrastructure and weather.
B lochs, lake, seawater, freshwater, gorges, canyons,
rapids, dam, reservoir, waterfalls, spray, mist 3 1 historical landmarks 6 skyscrapers
C snow-covered peaks, slopes, valleys, meadows, 2 archaeological sites 7 pageant
Alpine pastures, glacier, terminal face, glacial, 3 artefacts 8 amusement/theme
icefalls, ice tunnels 4 royal palaces park
D rainforest, plant and animal life, subtropical, canopy, 5 monastery
ground cover, ferns and large-leafed plants, moors,
granite peaks known as tors, peat bogs, fast 4 Personal answers
flowing rivers, grasslands, savannah, safari
E volcanoes, eruptions, lava, crater, cone geyser, Page 112
hot water, steam

Possible answer:
Pages 110-111 Natural and cultural heritage sites can be threatened by
the large number of visitors, with erosion, pollution from
1 Possible answers:
traffic, litter and so on. Lack of funds can put them at
Historical – Ostia Antica, Fori Romani, Arena di risk too. And indifference rather than co-operation and
Verona understanding from all people can mean that places are
Religious – Duomo in Milan, St. Peter’s in Rome, not respected and protected as they should be.
San Giovanni Rotondo, Loreto

Motivations and Destinations | U N I T 4 147

 1 1 It stands for United Nations Educational Page 114
Scientific Cultural Organization.
2 The list is important as it safeguards cultural and 1 Personal answer
natural sites for everyone in the world, given
that the world’s heritage belongs to everyone 2 Possible answers:
1 The New England page has a classic photo that
and is part of our past, present and future.
3 They are all places, whether natural or cultural, represents the area for many people – the
which are unique and special and which need to colours of the countryside in autumn. The main
be protected for our future. menu is clear, also thanks to the different colour
4 It has compiled a list called Intangible Cultural which makes it stand out from the photograph.
Heritage. The Lazio page doesn’t have one clear photo
5 It includes traditions like crafts, music and and looks a little more confusing at first glance.
performing arts, and rituals. These need to be The main menu at the top of the page and the
preserved because they are intangible, they rely box ‘Passions’ are clear, though.
2 On the Lazio page, the box ‘Passions’ has clear
on people passing on skills and knowledge and
and easy to understand icons for various interests.
they are an important part of the culture of a
The New England page has a classic drop-down
country.
menu under the section ‘Things to Do’.
2 Personal answer 3 I prefer the first option as it is a little more
unusual but still very clear to understand.
4 They could have photos with captions and
Page 113 embedded links, or headings and links within a
text.
1 Personal answers
3 Personal answers
Language note
Remind students about the difference between the
Useful websites
words weather and climate.
We use the word weather when we talk about the Apart from their own town and region, students
forecast for the day or next few days, for example to could look at some national tourism board websites
say whether it is going to rain or be hot and sunny. for England, Scotland, Ireland and Wales
We use climate to refer to the average weather (visitengland.com, visitwales.com, visitscotland.com
conditions (wind, temperature, rainfall, etc.) of a and discoverireland.ie), as well as the sites for some
country or region over a period of several years. major tourist towns and cities.
Some examples in the UK:
www.visitcambridge.org
2 1T 2F 3 DS 4T 5F 6T www.visitlincoln.com
www.thisisdurham.com
Extra activity: Speaking www.visitnorwich.co.uk
And in the USA:
As a class activity or in pairs, have students discuss https://visitelpaso.com
these questions: www.choosechicago.com
1 What kind of climate would you prefer to live in? www.memphistravel.com
Which would you hate? Why? www.minneapolis.org
2 Think of two or three countries for each of the www.sandiego.org
climate types listed above. www.visitphoenix.com
3 Discuss which of the places, if any, the members
of your group have visited. How did the climate or
weather influence your stay?
Pages 115-117
1 1 It is to create interest, inform and try to convince
COMPITO DI REALTÀ the person reading to visit the place.
For further information about Compiti di realtà, 2 It is describing the autumn in New England and
see pages 16-17. where to go to see the changing colours of the
trees.

148 U NI T 4 | Motivations and Destinations

 3 It would appeal to someone interested in nature,
maybe photography ‑ an independent traveller materials and its seamless integration into the
who likes to explore. landscape. Built on a promontory, and with glass
4 It includes when to visit, features of the place, walls, it is a place from which to admire the
some things to do and see. surrounding landscape and views of a lake and
5 brilliant reds, golds, oranges and yellows; woods. The house measures 17m by 9.8m and each
glorious show; scenic route; pretty villages; wall has a glass door in the middle that opens onto
traditional village greens, white churches and the landscape, integrating the inside space with the
colonial inns; spectacular scenery; steep road; natural space outside. The open space interior, with
clear day; perfect time; magical experiences; no walls, was very modern and innovative for its
crunchy apples; orange pumpkins time.
Personal answers The Glass House is open to visitors from May to
September, and it is advisable to book a tour in
2 1 city 4 castle advance. Tours include the Glass House, a Painting
2 wildlife 5 mountains and Sculpture Gallery and a walk around the
3 beach 6 building grounds with its outdoor sculptures.
Johnson (1903-2005) was born in Cleveland and
graduated from Harvard’s Graduate School of
EXPLORE GRAMMAR Design in 1943. As well as the Glass House, he
designed many other private homes and the AT&T
1
The Republic of San Marino is on the north-
Building (now Sony Plaza) in New York, the Transco
eastern side of the Apennine Mountains. This
Tower (now Williams) in Houston and the Crystal
beautiful independent state is dominated by
Cathedral in Garden Grove, California. He worked
Mount Titano and the three castles, which look
with Ludwig Mies van der Rohe in the 1950s and
out to the Adriatic coast.
was the founding Director of the Department of
Its capital is the City of San Marino. San
Architecture at the Museum of Modern Art (MoMA)
Marino’s principal museum is the State
in New York. He was considered a great influencer
Museum. The Basilica of San Marino is also of
on architecture, art and design in the second-half of
great interest. For car lovers don’t forget a
the 20th century. He lived in the Glass House from
visit to the Ferrari Museum. You can get to San
1949 until his death in 2005.
Marino by flying to Rimini Airport (15 miles
http://theglasshouse.org
away) and using a dedicated bus service.

7 Sample answer
3 1 rich history 4 authentic treasure
2 riveting tour 5 significant landmark
3 unique collection 6 expert guide Pages 118-120
1 Possible answers:
4 1 summer months 4 tranquil paths
2 unspoilt/ 5 fascinating In a tourist office, a tourist could ask for directions,
uncontaminated collection cost of tickets, information on opening times and
nature 6 spectacular what to see or do in a place. At a travel agency,
3 crystal-clear/ sunset they might want information on a holiday, a day
crystalline waters trip or to buy a plane, rail or ferry ticket.
Travel agents might request information about
5 Personal answers special offers, availability, assistance for disabled
passengers from tour operators and other
6 Personal answer companies.

2 1 Joe Gleaver probably works for a travel agent

Background information based in the UK. Ali Cecile works for a company
The Glass House by Philip Johnson, with its perfect in Brazil which organises tours and excursions.
proportions and its simplicity, is considered one of 2 He has written this email because he needs
the finest examples of modern architecture. Built in some information for his clients regarding a tour
1949, it is iconic because of its innovative use of of the Pantanal region in Brazil.

Motivations and Destinations | U N I T 4 149

 3 He wants to know the departure dates of tours 6 FCE Reading and Use of English Part 1
in February and March and also if there is a 1D 2B 3A 4D 5C 6B
minimum number of participants for the tour. He
also wants to have confirmation of the
accommodation.
7 Sample answer:
4 Yes, she replies within a few hours.
5 She answers completely regarding the tour
Dear Sirs,
dates and number of participants. She can’t,
however, confirm the exact details of the I have seen your advertisement in the Daily Telegraph
accommodation at this time, but she gives as and I am writing to request some further information
on your cruises.
much information as she can.
I would be grateful if you could send me your latest
brochure with details of the possible itineraries and
Background information the costs for short cruises in the Mediterranean.
I would also appreciate it if you could indicate which
Located in the heart of South America and cruise you think would be the most suitable for
established as a World Heritage Site in 2000, the someone who has never been on this kind of holiday
Pantanal of Brazil (some areas are also in before.
Bolivia and Paraguay) is the world’s largest wetland, Thank you for your help and I look forward to hearing
covering an area of 210,000 sq km. Very few people from you soon.
live in the Pantanal (mostly cattle ranchers) and
Yours faithfully,
distances are so great that they get around in small
airplanes and motorboats, depending on the season Mr R Lightman
as much of it floods during the rainy season. It is
becoming a popular destination for ecotourists.
Cuiabá is the capital city of the state of Mato Grosso 8 Sample answer:
and is a popular starting place for excursions to the
Pantanal.
Dear Ms Stein,
Thank you for your email dated 11th September and
3 Sample answers:
your interest in our hotel.
1st email – says how he found out about the As you have seen on our website, our hotel is an ideal
company, doesn’t give details of his business, position, right by a secluded stretch of beach with
states the reason for writing and the requests, crystalline water. We would like to take this
closes by thanking and asking for a reply opportunity to inform you that the swimming pool and
reception areas have just been completely renovated
2nd email – refers to initial enquiry, provides
to improve our guests’ comfort and you will find the
additional information, replies to all the questions new photographs on our website.
(and says why the information is not available
Given that we are a small structure, we limit group
regarding the accommodation), offers further
bookings to a maximum of 20 people in order to
assistance and encourages contact maintain the utmost privacy and peace for all our
guests. We enclose a description of the rooms
4 1 We are an Italian travel agent specialising in available and the price list for the current season and
group tours in Asia and we are looking to we are pleased to inform you that we can offer you a
discount of 25% on bookings of more than 7 days.
increase the hotels we offer in Thailand.
Furthermore, we are able to organise personalised
2 We have seen your website and are interested in trips for your customers, on the basis of their interests
including your hotel in our tours. and age group, by bus and by boat to some of the
3 We would be grateful if you could let us know if most beautiful local areas.
you can accept bookings for parties of 30 or We are sure that your clients will appreciate the
more people and the discount you can apply. beauty of this location and look forward to doing
4 Could you also kindly send us some information business with you in the future,
regarding day trips that you can organise in the Yours sincerely,
area for our clients?
Tom Khai
5 Looking forward to receiving your reply.

5 1E 2R 3R 4E 5R 6E

150 U NI T 4 | Motivations and Destinations

9 Sample answer:
Townsend and I’m wondering if you can help
me find a suitable hotel in Belfast.
A Of course. What are you looking for?
Dear Sirs,
B Well, I’m organising a conference for around
We are a travel agency located in Truro, Cornwall, 50 people in June so I need a business hotel,
England, and would be grateful if you could send us
one that has all the facilities for a conference.
some information regarding Cremona.
A Do you want something in the centre of
Our clients, a couple in their mid-thirties, are looking
Belfast or outside the city?
for a B&B near the city for a short break. We would be
grateful if you could send us a list of suitable B I was thinking of the city centre, but
accommodation. We would also like to know of your something in the countryside would be good
suggestions for other places they could visit during too. Maybe somewhere we could organise
their stay and if there are any special events or some outdoor activities for the delegates’ free
festivals during the summer. Finally, we would like to time.
know the best places for buying local handicrafts and
arts in the area.
A There are quite a few hotels on golf courses
within about 30 or 40 minutes’ drive from the
We look forward to receiving your reply,
city centre. Would they be an option? They
Yours faithfully, are all five star, with excellent accommodation
Margaret Baldwin and facilities.
B That sounds really interesting. I hadn’t
thought about choosing a hotel on a golf
10 Sample answer: course. What about the prices? We don’t have
a huge budget for this conference,
unfortunately.
Dear ...,
A You would have to speak to the venues about
Thank you for your enquiry regarding Cremona. It is a the prices, but I’m sure they could organise a
wonderful area of northern Italy and we are sure that very good package.
your clients will have a fantastic holiday here.
B Yes of course. How can I get the details of
We have attached / Please find attached a list of B&Bs these hotels?
and small hotels both in the countryside and in the
A I can send you some details by email or you
city centre. All of them are / They are all top-rate/
first-rate and their service is excellent / and the can visit the website www.lough.ie.
service provided is excellent. B The website would be perfect. Could you
repeat the address?
For day trips, we can recommend Piacenza, Parma
and Mantua, or Salsomaggiore Terme for a relaxing A Yes, it’s W W W dot lough – that’s L O U G H
day at the spa. There are many typical local markets dot I E.
and art fairs in Cremona. You can find details of these B Lough.ie. Got it. Thanks so much. You’ve been
events and places to visit on our website. very helpful.
Please do not hesitate to contact us for any further A Not at all. Goodbye.
information,
Best regards, Travel agent Mike Lothian receives a phone call
Carlo Del Gatto from Sally Hudson from the tour operator Smile!
A = Travel agent Mike Lothian, B = Sally Hudson
A Hello. Lothian Travel.
Page 121 B Hello. This is Sally Hudson from Smile. I’m
calling about the enquiry you sent this
1 1.22 PET Listening Part 3 morning regarding the all-inclusive Barbados
holiday.
Leonard Townsend calls the Tourist Information A Yes. Thanks for getting back to me so quickly.
Centre in Belfast. B I’m afraid that we don’t have any availability
for this package deal with departure on the
A = Travel assistant, B = Leonard Townsend
17th. There are still a few places left for the
A Good afternoon. Belfast Tourist Information 24th but the 17th is fully booked
Centre. How can I help you?
unfortunately.
B Yes, good afternoon. My name’s Leonard

Motivations and Destinations | U N I T 4 151

 B That sounds perfect.
A What a shame. My client was really interested A If you wish, please come and visit us any time
and she can’t go in a different period. and I will show you the reception rooms and
B Well, if she can’t change the departure date, possible menus.
can I suggest Cuba? We have a very similar B I will. Thank you for your help.
package, all-inclusive, in a lovely resort. It is A You’re welcome.
proving to be very popular.
A Cuba you say? I don’t know.
B The flights are from the same airport, Pages 122-123
Newcastle, so there’s no change there. And
1 1 He suggests a five-day tour of the Pantanal
the price is actually a little lower.
region as an addition to the trip.
A How much for two weeks all-inclusive?
2 He mentions that it is adventurous, but without
B It’s £2,040 for a standard garden room.
risks, just as the client wanted, and that it will
A £2,040… Well, I’ll tell my client about it and
still leave enough time for everything else the
will let you know. I know she wanted some
client wants to do.
sunshine, so it might be OK.
B Of course. I’ve just sent you an email with all The expressions that Joe uses to give advice are:
the details. Just let me know if you need I’d like to recommend...; I suggest...; ... if I were
anything else. you, I’d choose...
A That’s perfect. Thanks. Goodbye.
B Goodbye. 2 1.23 PET Listening Part 2
1 business 5 24th A = Travel assistant, B = Guy Jones
2 countryside 6 Cuba
A Good morning. Conwy Tourist Centre. How can
3 golf courses/a golf 7 Newcastle
I help you?
course 8 £2,040
B Hello, I’m calling to see if you have any details
4 lough.ie
about accommodation in Conwy.
A Certainly. Are you looking for a hotel or another
2 1e 2f 3d 4b 5a 6c
type of accommodation?
B A small hotel maybe, but not anywhere five star,
3 Sample answer:
and it has to be wheelchair accessible for my
A = Hotel manager, B = Customer wife. That’s the most important thing. I can’t
A Good morning. Newport Arms Hotel. Can I seem to find anything.
help you? A I understand. Why don’t you have a look at a
B Hello. I’d like to have some information about B&B? There are several wonderful B&Bs which
your hotel, please. I’m looking for somewhere are wheelchair accessible. I recommend those
to hold a 70th birthday party. near the river for the great views. Would you like
A We have reception rooms for up to 200 me to send you a list by email?
people that would be perfect. How many B I don’t really do email.
people is the party for? A That’s not a problem. I can send the list by post,
B I think there will be between 60 and 80 if you wish? Or would you like me to help you
guests. I would like a meal and perhaps a book something now?
disco afterwards. What food can you serve? B By post would be best, thank you. We can take
A We have luxury catering services so we can our time choosing that way.
provide a selection of meals to suit your A Of course. There are photos, descriptions and all
needs and we can organise music too. the contact details so you can call to book
B Thank you. Where is the hotel exactly? directly. Could you give me your address?
A It’s very easy to get to from the motorway, B It’s Flat C… The Tower… Basingstoke.
and the airport is about 15km away. What A OK… When are you planning on visiting?
other information can I give you? Perhaps I can give you some further information.
B I need about 10 or 15 rooms for the night too. B Well, we’re planning on coming in late May. Are
How much is a double room? there any festivals in that period?
A Our standard rate is £125 per night, but we A Well, the town festival is actually at the
offer special discounted rates for large groups. beginning of the month. It’s a lovely event which

152 U NI T 4 | Motivations and Destinations

 attracts a lot of visitors and gets very busy. B What can you suggest then?
I advise you to book your accommodation early A You could go on the walking tour of Nassau. It
if you want to come in that period instead. Of includes the centre, the market and the Slavery
course, the weather will be much nicer when you and Emancipation Museum, all with a guide. In
are planning to visit. It’s usually quite warm by fact, tomorrow I’ll be leading this tour. It starts at
the end of May. about 8 and we’re back in time for lunch.
B That’s good to know. B Mmm. I’m sure it would be great with you doing
A What kind of things are you and your wife it, but I was thinking of a full-day excursion
interested in? rather than just half a day. And I’m not sure the
B Well, we really like seeing local culture and we’re children would understand the slavery museum.
also big history fans. They’re not old enough.
A There’s no shortage of history here! I suggest you A OK. So why don’t you choose the dolphin
visit the town walls, abbey and obviously the encounter? It would be enjoyable for everyone
castle. If I were you, I’d also try one of the evening and it includes a short boat trip. It costs the
tours. They’re very good and there wouldn’t be same as the powerboat adventure.
any accessibility problems for your wife. It B But that one only lasts half a day too, doesn’t it?
finishes in one of the best restaurants in town. A Yes, from about 7 to lunchtime. The price
B Sounds great. Thanks for your help. includes everything, with drinks and snacks on
A You’re welcome. I’ll pop some leaflets about the board. I highly recommend it. All the children
town’s history and what to see in the post, love it and come back very enthusiastic.
together with the accommodation guide, so you B Yes, I’m sure mine would too. I suppose we could
can start planning your holiday. do that one. Are there any places left for tomorrow?
B That would be wonderful. Thank you. Goodbye. A Yes, there are still a few. Shall I book four places
A Goodbye. for you then?
B I think I’d better talk it over with everyone first,
just in case.
1C 2B 3A 4B
A Of course, but don’t wait too long. Most people
3 1c 2d 3a 4e 5b tend to book during the morning so it could fill
up quickly.
B Sure. I’ll come and find you later.
EXPLORE GRAMMAR
A Great. Have a good day!
Go to the FLIP BOOK for the exercises.
1T 2F 3T 4T 5T 6F

4 5 Sample answer:
A = Travel agent, B = Customer
A = Holiday rep, B = Guest
A Good morning. How are you? Did you enjoy the A Good afternoon. Can I help you?
entertainment last night? B Hello, I’d like some information on Cortina please.
B Yes, it was great. I wanted to ask you about an A Certainly. Do you want to go in winter for the skiing?
excursion for tomorrow. B Yes. Which period is best?
A Sure. What are you interested in? The botanical A Well, Christmas and New Year are the most
gardens? The dolphin encounter? That’s an expensive times, obviously, and you need to book
excellent one for all the family. accommodation in advance. I recommend going in
B Actually, I wanted to know about the powerboat January or February as there is lots of snow. It’s still
adventure. It sounds like a great day out. busy though as it’s a very popular place.
A It is a fantastic trip and very good value. Did you B I’ve never been skiing before. What do I have to
want to get away on your own for a day? take with me?
B No, the whole family wants to do it. A You’ll need warm and waterproof clothes suitable
A I see. It’s not recommended for young children for skiing, but if I were you, I’d rent the skis there.
or pregnant women, so I really feel it’s not the There are several cheap places in town.
best idea for your family. B Is there anything else to do apart from skiing?
B Are you sure? A How about visiting Pocol? There is an interesting
A Absolutely. It could be quite dangerous for them. monument dedicated to the Austrian and Italian

Motivations and Destinations | U N I T 4 153

 soldiers who died in World War I. And in Cortina 4 1 uncontaminated 4 grassy path
itself, there are lovely Christmas markets and shops. forests 5 sun-drenched
B That sounds great. 2 jagged rocks beaches
3 bubbling stream 6 southern slope
6 Sample answer:
5 snow-covered peaks, winding river,
rocky promontory, green valley, active volcano,
Dear Mr Miller, rolling hills, pebble beach, sheltered bay,
With reference to our conversation yesterday, I attach a coastal path, towering mountain
proposal for a week’s skiing holiday in Cortina, Italy, for
two people. This location is ideal for first-time skiers and
I suggest going at the end of January or early February Pages 126-127
to take advantage of cheaper rates and good snow.
1 1 stadium 5 skyscraper
As I said, I recommend renting skis and equipment in
2 monastery 6 bridge
the resort as this will save you paying for extra luggage
on your flight. If you would like to spend a day away 3 tourist information 7 ruin
from the slopes, I advise you to visit the war memorial centre 8 City walls
at Pocol. In the afternoon, you could explore the town 4 fountain
of Cortina and the traditional markets and shops.
I hope this information is sufficient, but please do not 2 1 city 5 art gallery
hesitate to contact me for further details about the 2 boutiques 6 museum
location, hotel and conditions of the holiday. 3 pedestrian street 7 building
Yours sincerely, 4 restaurants 8 city centre
Naomi King
3 1 historical re- 4 carnival parade
enactment 5 pageant
2 firework displays 6 patron saint’s day
Pages 124-125 3 village fair

1 4 FCE Reading and Use of English Part 1

TYPE OF TOURISM LOCATION ACTIVITY 1B 2C 3D 4A 5B 6C 7A 8D

adventure
Death Valley canyoning
tourism Pages 128-129
business tourism London conferences
1 ES
1 62 world heritage sites are at risk of
food tourism vineyards eat and drink
environmental damage all over the world,
wellness tourism Ischia spa including the iconic Galapagos Islands and the
Central Amazon.
visit Game 2 Coral reefs and glaciers are at particular risk due
screen tourism Northern Ireland of Thrones to rising temperatures.
locations 3 They share the problems caused by rising sea levels.
nature and rural 4 Because it has 10 natural heritage sites in areas
savannah safari
tourism where climate change damage is rated as high
religious tourism Mecca pilgrimage or very high risk.
5 The threats caused by invasive alien species,
unsustainable tourism, poaching and construction
2 1 canoeing 4 sunbathing
are also putting world heritage sites at risk.
2 ice skating 5 fishing
6 Whilst there has been some success in
3 scuba diving 6 swimming
combating the destruction of natural wonders,
3 1 Ocean 5 surfing overall the prognosis is poor, with less sites
2 Mountain 6 waterfront achieving ‘good status’ than before.
3 cable car 7 harbour 2 Personal answers
4 sandy beaches 8 Island

154 U NI T 4 | Motivations and Destinations

3 1.24 PET Listening Part 4 Giacomo Leopardi and the tenor Beniamino Gigli, the
town has a wonderful historical centre with several
A = Customer, B = Travel agent 13th- and 14th-century churches and palazzi. The
A I’m calling to enquire about self-catering holidays in highlight for many visitors is, however, Palazzo
Scotland. Could you give me some information? Leopardi and the incredible library, and the Colle
B Have you thought of which part of Scotland you’d dell’Infinito, inspiration for Leopardi’s most famous
like to visit? poem. The hilltop position of the town, in fact, provides
A No, not really. wonderful panoramas and the surrounding countryside
B When are you planning on travelling? is full of wineries, organic farms and restaurants, where
A In the early part of the summer, probably June. you can try some of the local produce and specialities.
B Can I suggest going to the Outer Hebrides? The In summer, the beaches nearby at Numana are perfect
islands are beautiful at that time of year. for lazing on the beach or to take boat ride to admire
A Can you give me more details about destinations? the limestone cliffs of Monte Conero.
B Well, you could visit Oban on the mainland, or the
Islands of Lewis, Skye or Harris. There is plenty of 6 Personal answers
nature and opportunities for walks, as well as
Gaelic culture and history. The communities on 7
the islands are very welcoming.
A That sounds like the kind of place we are looking A = Customer, B = Hotel manager
for. Is it easy to travel around? A I’m interested in booking your hotel as a wedding
B Yes, there are regular ferries connecting all the main venue.
islands and the mainland. The service is very good. B No problem. When are you getting married?
A So what different self-catering options are there? A In April next year.
B There is a wide range of accommodation – B And how many wedding guests will there be?
cottages, cabins and hostels – depending on the A About 50 during the day and then 150 in the
number of people. evening.
A Just two people, and I’d like to know if we can B OK. Do you want a wedding lunch for the guests
take our dog with us. It’s only small. in the day?
B It shouldn’t be a problem. Many places are pet A Yes, please. Can I decide the menu?
friendly. Would you like me to check what’s available? B Of course, we can decide that together with our
A Yes, thank you. I don’t want anything too fancy, a chefs. And what about a wedding cake?
simple small cottage or cabin would be fine. And A We don’t want a wedding cake actually, just a
for one week. normal dessert.
B Of course. Can I take your name, please? B That’s fine… And what kind of function do you
A Marianna Moore. want in the evening?
B And can I get your email please, Ms Moore? A I’m not sure. What can you offer?
A Yes, it’s Moore, that’s M O O R E @yahoo.com. B We can provide a live band and a buffet meal.
B Got it. I’ll look for some suitable properties for A That sounds great.
June and send you the details by email. B Do you want to reserve any rooms for guests
A Thanks very much for your help. staying overnight?
B No problem. A Yes, we’d like to book the bridal suite and a
further 10 double rooms for the guests.
1F 2T 3F 4T 5F 6T B OK, no problem. Are there any other services you
would like us to organise?
4 1.24 A Do you offer a decoration and flower arranging
1 thought of 5 shouldn’t be service?
2 I suggest going 6 me to check B Yes, we do. I’ll send you some photos of past
3 could visit 7 Can I get decorations and floral displays.
4 There is 8 send you the details A Great! So can you tell me the total cost of the
package?
5 Sample answer:
B I’ll work out a proposal for you and will email you
Recanati in the wonderful countryside of the Marche all the details today.
Region, and not far from the sea, is an idyllic location A Thank you. I look forward to hearing from you.
for a few days’ break whatever the season. Most
famous for its illustrious citizens the 19th century poet 8 Personal answers
Motivations and Destinations | U N I T 4 155
 UNIT 5 Transport
Pages 130-131 3 Citizens of the countries which are part of the
Visa Waiver Program can apply for an ESTA.
1 Personal answers 4 You can apply as soon as you have booked your
ticket to travel, but also up to 72 hours before
Background information you travel.
5-6 Personal answers
The Schengen agreement to gradually abolish
checks at internal borders between EU member
states was first established in 1985. (The name of Page 132
the agreement comes from the small village in
Luxembourg where the first agreement was signed.) 1 Personal answers
Today the border-free Schengen area, which means
citizens can cross internal borders without being Background information
subject to any border checks, is composed of 26
British Airways is part of IAG, International Airlines
states. It is important to note that this is separate
Group (formed with the merger in 2011 of British
issue from the EU membership.
Airways and Iberia), and is the largest international
Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, carrier in the UK. Its base is London Heathrow
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Airport and it has a fleet of more than 280 aircraft,
Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, which it is continually updating. The airline flies to
Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, over 200 destinations in 75 different countries, with
Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Liechtenstein approximately 40 million customers a year. It has
around 45,000 employees including 16,500 cabin
crew and 3,900 pilots.
Personal answer In 2019 the company celebrated its 100th anniversary.

2 Sample answers:
2 1 A domestic flight is within a country, but an
international flight is between two different
Documents: electronic passport; check validity; countries;
tourist visa from embassy or consulate A long-haul flight covers a long distance, usually
Insurance: part of a package holiday; buy direct between continents, whilst a short-haul flight is
with insurance company or through travel agent; within the same continent/region, such as within
annual or individual policies available; protect Europe;
against loss, theft, accident, delays, cancellations; A non-stop flight goes directly to the
check policy carefully destination without stopping, whilst a direct
Health: EU health card; good health insurance for flight lands for an intermediate stop but
countries like USA; vaccinations for tropical passengers don’t change planes;
countries A scheduled flight is one that operates at the same
time/day according to a timetable, but a chartered
Money: cash from bank or bureau de change;
flight is one that doesn’t operate regularly and is
check exchange rate and commissions charged;
booked by tour operators (so is on demand).
use credit card to pay and get cash; convenient
2 A connecting flight is where a passenger
and secure means of payment (and indispensable
disembarks and has to get another plane/planes
in some countries)
to his/her final destination.
3 They offer scheduled flights at very competitive
3 1 fingerprints 5 right
prices.
2 visa 6 vaccinations
4 Air travel is very safe and quick, and therefore is
3 insurance policy 7 currency
perfect for travelling long distances.
4 repatriation 8 cash
5 Flying has a very negative impact on the
environment because of the emission of carbon
4 1 It is for the USA.
dioxide.
2 No it doesn’t. It is a pre-screening tool which
allows you to travel to the USA, but you can still
be refused entry. 3 1e 2a 3c 4b 5d

156 U NI T 5 | Transport
 Page 133 records such as the tallest air traffic control tower in
North America, at 121 metres.
1 1 PE, B, F 5 E The airport, situated only 10 miles from downtown
2 F (or B) 6 F Atlanta, is what is known as a hub, a gateway for
3 F 7 E connecting flights. Apparently 80% of the US
4 B, F 8 All population can be reached within a two-hour flight
from Atlanta. In fact, there are flights to 150
2 Personal answer destinations in the US and more than 75 international
destinations, covering more than fifty countries.
The airport covers a huge area with five runways and
Page 134 there is a free shuttle connecting the different
1 1F 2F 3F 4T 5 DS 6T terminal buildings and the car rental zone. Within the
terminals, the number of restaurants, cafés, retail
2 Possible answers: outlets and duty-free shops totals 263, so passengers
1 return ticket 3 flexi have no shortage of things to eat and buy while they
2 one way 4 open jaw are waiting for their flights.
Talking of passengers, the airport sees an average of
275,000 every day, which means more than one
Page 135 million in a year. To handle this number of passengers
and flights takes a huge amount of organisation and
1 Personal answers staff. And it seems that Hartsfield Jackson has got it
all worked out. The airport has won several awards as
LHR London Heathrow the best airport in North America and is ranked highly
FCO Rome Fiumicino by passengers for its services. The airport is the
JFK John F. Kennedy International Airport, New York biggest employer in the state of Georgia and provides
MIA Miami International Airport a massive contribution to the state’s economy.
MXP Milan Malpensa So, if you happen to be on one of the 2,700 flights
STN London Stansted that take off and land daily at this airport, give a
thought to everything that goes on behind the scenes
to make your time at the airport pleasant and safe.
2 1 A domestic airport is smaller and handles fewer
passengers than an international one. In addition, 1 10 2 150 35 4 263 5 275,000 6 2,700
it does not need passport control/immigration.
2 A hub is a large, international airport which
serves as a centre for lots of connecting flights Pages 136-137
to many destinations.
3 The two areas of a departure terminal are Possible answer:
separated by security. The part before security Liquids, gels, creams and pastes must be in containers
is called landside, the part after is called airside. smaller than 100ml in hand luggage. Anything larger must
4 They can shop, get something to eat or drink be put into the hold luggage.
and relax. In hand luggage you cannot carry sharp objects such as
5 Passengers can walk or take a shuttle train to knives, large scissors, blades.
the gate. There are also lifts, escalators and You cannot take fireworks or flammable liquids and
moving walkways depending on the distance. substances on a plane in either hand or hold luggage.
6 They can normally arrive by public transport, You can carry medication, but it is often a good idea to carry
such as coach, train or underground, by taxi or the prescription with you too to prove it is for your personal use.
by private car. Many countries have restrictions on food items and plants that
you can bring into a country to stop the spread of disease.
3 1.25

Atlanta Airport ‑ Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta Background information
International Airport to give it its complete, official Security checks in airports increased dramatically
name – has been the world’s busiest airport for after the September 11 terrorist attacks and other
passengers for over 20 years. It also holds other terrorist attempts. There is an interesting timeline

Transport | U N I T 5 157
 through the appropriate channel at Customs but
on transportation security in the USA on this
can be stopped by staff so they can check their
website: www.tsa.gov/timeline
luggage for illegal or banned goods.
Checked baggage is screened for explosives and
other dangerous items and can also be subject to a 3 1 This is where you can check in by yourself
manual search. Hand luggage is scanned at security following the instructions on the screen in order
and electronic devices and liquids are scanned to print your boarding pass.
separately. Passengers have to walk through a metal 2 This machine is at security. The passenger stands
detector, often without shoes, and/or stand still inside a type of cabin and it scans the entire
stationary for a few seconds in a full body scanner body as a security measure.
which can detect metallic and non-metallic objects 3 Flight screens are the screens that you can find
hidden under clothing. When airports first all around the airport giving information on flight
introduced Advanced Imaging Technology for times, gates and any delays.
screening passengers, there were many concerns 4 An air bridge is the tunnel that connects an
about the potential health risks and threat to aircraft directly to the terminal building which
privacy. There is no health risk with this technology passengers can use to board and disembark the
and the security personnel see a generic outline of a plane.
body with any areas highlighted where they could 5 An e-gate is an automatic machine for checking
be a potential problem. Pat-down procedures are electronic passports, introduced to make
when a security officer physically pats down a immigration quicker and reduce queues.
person’s neck, legs, torso, arms and so on to check 6 A landing card is a document which passengers
for any concealed items. This is usually carried out may be required to fill in with their details when
by a person of the same gender as the passenger. arriving in certain countries.
7 A trolley is a type of cart that you can use to
1 A CHECK-IN carry lots of luggage at the same time.
B SECURITY 8 The red channel is the channel you use if you
C PASSPORT CONTROL have something to declare to customs.
D DEPARTURE LOUNGE
E BOARDING 4 1.26 FCE Listening Part 3
F ON BOARD
G DEPLANING Conversation 1
H IMMIGRATION A Wow, the queue’s really long, isn’t it?
I BAGGAGE RECLAIM B Yes, but hopefully it won’t take too long.
J CUSTOMS A Let’s get all our stuff organised so we’re ready
when we get to the front.
2 1 The best and quickest way is with a pre-printed B All done. Look, I’ve got my liquids in a plastic bag
boarding pass or an app so you can go straight and I’m not wearing a watch or anything like that.
to security. You could also use the self-service A Oh, yes. I’d better take my watch off. Do you know
check-in kiosks. which bag my tablet is in? I think I have to put that
2 If you do not already have a boarding pass, you through the scanner separately too.
need to go to the relevant check-in desk with B I think it’s in the blue bag. Let’s hope you don’t
your ticket and ID so they will issue it for you. have to take your shoes off. Last time, you had a
3 They could go through a metal detector, a total massive hole in your sock! It was so embarrassing!
body scanner or have a manual pat-down with Conversation 2
also the use of a hand-held scanner. A I just want to have a look around. We’ve got ages
4 The luggage is scanned by X-ray machines, with before the flight. If you don’t want to come with
things like laptops, tablets and liquids scanned me, go and sit over there with the bags. I promise I
separately from the rest. won’t be long. I just want to look at the new
5 Usually passengers with children, those needing phones, and get a magazine or something to read
assistance and anyone with priority boarding are on the flight. I also saw a couple of clothes shops
allowed onto the plane first. that I wouldn’t mind looking in.
6 On arrival, a passenger goes to immigration B Looking? Buying more like! Don’t spend all the
where his/her passport is checked, together with holiday money!
the visa, if necessary. Some countries require A I won’t buy anything, don’t worry.
fingerprints or photographs too. Passengers walk

158 U NI T 5 | Transport
 Conversation 3 the height of the waves ‑ to link England and France
A I hope we don’t have to wait much longer… How across the English Channel. But it was not until 1986
long does it take? I mean, seriously… that the British and French governments finally
B We’ve only been waiting five minutes. Be patient! agreed on the project for a high-speed rail link and
A We’ve been travelling since 6 o’clock this morning work got underway in 1987. The Channel Tunnel, or
and I’m tired. And hot. And thirsty. I want a cocktail ‘Chunnel’ as it is often known, was opened in 1994
by the pool! by Queen Elizabeth II and French President François
B Oh look, there they are. Is that one ours? That big Mitterrand. Some people wrongly think that you
blue one? It is, isn’t it? Be quick or it will go round actually drive your own car through the tunnel, just
again. like along a normal road. In fact, there are only train
A What luck! I don’t think my case has ever been the tracks through the tunnel, with the Eurostar trains
first one off before! Let’s go! which carry passengers and Le Shuttle which is for
vehicles.
Conversation 4
The high-speed passenger Eurostar trains connect
This is the last call for boarding flight SR125 to
the UK to France and Belgium. It is possible to travel
Helsinki. Will the last remaining passengers for flight
from London to Brussels in 2 hours and the journey
SR 125 to Helsinki please make their way to gate 18
time from St Pancras, in the north of London, to
where the plane is waiting to depart. Last call for
Gare du Nord in Paris can be as little as 2 hours 15
boarding for flight SR 125 to Helsinki.
minutes. As well as Paris and Brussels, destinations
Conversation 5 include Calais, Lille and Disneyland Paris. When you
A How much longer is it? arrive at your destination, you can leave the station
B Not much now. About an hour I think. without having to wait for immigration and passport
A I’m bored and hungry. What can I do? checks as these are done before leaving the UK. The
B Play a game on your phone. And you only had a high frequency of services, the city-centre arrivals
sandwich a few minutes ago. and departures, and competitive rates mean the
A I know, but I’m still hungry. Can you get up so I can Eurostar is an excellent alternative to travelling by
go to the toilet? plane. In addition, carbon dioxide emissions can be
B No, the seatbelt sign is on. You’ll have to wait until as much as 80% less per passenger journey than
it’s switched off. when travelling by plane. Furthermore, the service
A Alright… Can I have some crisps though? has a reliable track record for being on time and
delivering excellent service. However, if your train is
1c 2f 3e 4d 5g delayed by more than an hour, it is possible to claim
compensation which can be done easily online.
5 Personal answers
1 1994 4 2 hours 15 minutes
Online worksheet 2 vehicles 5 before leaving
3 Belgium 6 claim compensation
You can download the worksheet Lost luggage
from our website www.elilaspigaedizioni.it
in the section called Explore.
4 1 It is promoting a train voyage across India to visit
various cultural and historical locations and is
probably aimed at older couples with a healthy
budget who want quite a high level of luxury and
Pages 138-139 service.
2 The train is composed of 21 carriages and is
1 Personal answers luxurious with modern comforts.
3 The guests can use Internet, the lounge and the
2 1c 2e 3b 4d 5h 6g 7f 8a spa.
4 The tour lasts eight nights/nine days.
3 1.27 FCE Listening Part 2 5 The prices start from $6,100.
6 This includes the accommodation, all meals, valet
In the 19th century, various proposals were made service, excursions and an English-speaking guide.
‑ such as a tunnel to be used by horse drawn
vehicles, lit by candles and with air shafts built above 5 Personal answers

Transport | U N I T 5 159
 Page 140 Page 141
Background information Background information
Eurolines is a coach company, with headquarters in To make car travel more environmentally friendly
Frankfurt-am-Main, Germany, which operates long and to cut down on traffic and commuting costs,
distance coach services across Europe. The network car sharing has been popular with commuters for
includes more than 700 destinations in 32 countries many years. This concept has been expanded to
and around 10 million passengers travel with the cover longer distances and could therefore also be
company every year. useful for those travelling on holiday. For example,
French company BlaBlaCar, set up in 2006, has
The motivation behind the start-up of Flixbus in
become one of the largest long-distance carpooling
2013 was to make sustainable bus travel
services. Using a website and mobile app, it
comfortable and affordable. The company relies on
matches people travelling between cities with
technology, such as e-ticketing, apps, free Wi-Fi and
drivers who have empty seats in their car. The
GPS live tracking to offer a reliable and competitive
company makes its money by taking a percentage
service. The service connects 1,700 destinations in
of the cost of the journeys.
27 countries and had 40 million passengers in 2017.
In 2018, the company launched low-cost rail travel in
Germany with Flixtrain. 1 1 A fly-drive holiday is a package which includes
flight, rental of a car or other vehicle, and
sometimes accommodation.
1 2 A price comparison website can be helpful to
find good deals and special offers to save money.
FACILITIES ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
3 Sometimes car rental companies, in order to
reclining seats, cheap, good uncomfortable, increase their profits, try to convince the
WC, free network, frequent long journeys, customer that certain extras are essential.
Wi-Fi, lots services, can delays caused 4 Travelling by car gives you the maximum
of space for buy tickets in by traffic and independence regarding time and route.
luggage advance bad weather 5 It is not an environmentally-friendly form of
transport. Petrol can be expensive, traffic jams
and delays are common and driving on the other
2 1 Buses, trams and underground.
side of the road might be difficult for some
2 Public transport is usually well-organised and
people.
offers frequent services, that can be all day and
6 CDW stands for collision damage waiver and is
night, and covers large areas.
an optional extra you can add to your policy.
3 A tourist can purchase different types of travel
This means that in the case of an accident the
cards to save money if they are going to be using
customer does not have to pay any of the claim
public transport a lot.
amount. It could be useful for nervous or
4 A hop-on hop-off bus is a service designed
inexperienced drivers or when repair costs are
specifically for tourists who want to travel around
likely to be very high.
a city or town, getting on and off to see the
sights. They are run by private companies so the
2 1 car class 5 Collision Damage
price of the ticket is higher than for public
2 pick up Waiver (CDW)
transport.
3 drop off 6 mileage
3 Personal answer 4 petrol

Online worksheet Page 142

You can download the worksheet Greyhound
from our website www.elilaspigaedizioni.it 1 Personal answers
in the section called Explore.
2 1 DS 2F 3 DS 4T 5F 6T 7F 8 DS

160 U NI T 5 | Transport
 Page 143 sailing boat. It’s peaceful, relaxing and perfect for
spotting the wildlife that abounds in the area, such
1 1 It used to have the image of a being a holiday for as rare birds. You could also have a go at fishing, if
people over 60 and for those with lots of money. you like.
2 They have improved the services and amenities The last place I want to suggest is a river, the River
on board, added different and more interesting Thames, which flows across the south of England
ports of call and invested in bigger and more to London and then the sea. The rural areas of the
luxurious ships. river are very different from the parts you might
3 A fly-cruise where you fly to a port of call in have seen in the capital and if you rent a cruiser,
another country to start your cruise, and maybe you will be able to explore the beauty of the river
fly back too; a cruise-stay where you add on close up. It would take about two weeks to
some extra days in a location at the end of the navigate the 124 miles from Teddington Lock in
cruise; a traditional cruise which starts and ends West London to Lechlade in Gloucestershire and
at a port nearby; a round-the-world cruise that back, but you can choose to concentrate on a
lasts several months. shorter stretch of river. One town that really merits
4 An ocean cruise usually lasts longer and is on a a visit, if you’ve never been there, is Windsor, with
bigger ship than a river cruise. the castle and its royal history. But honestly, if you
5 You can rent yachts, narrowboats, cruisers. just moor your boat anywhere for a picnic and a
6 You are very independent in terms of the walk through the countryside, you’ll have a great
schedule and route and you have the time.
convenience of not having to book or look for
accommodation in all the different places you
1 Grand Union 4 birds
want to visit.
2 locks 5 Thames
2 1.28 FCE Listening Part 2 3 sailing boat 6 Windsor

England offers many great opportunities for 3 Possible answers:

boating holidays, both for those who are really 1 Boat trips for tourists are popular on Lake
passionate about boating and for those who are Maggiore, Lake Como and Lake Garda, as well as
trying this type of holiday for the first time. For to islands like Capri and Ischia that can be
first timers and families, one type of holiday I often reached quickly from the mainland.
recommend is a canal boat holiday. As you know, 2 You can hire expensive yachts for long periods or
England has a huge network of canals and they shorter holidays in ports like Porto Cervo and
cross some of the most beautiful areas of the Portofino where there are a lot of rich tourists
country. A great one is the Grand Union Canal, and celebrities, but also smaller boats for a few
which stretches from London to Birmingham. You hours which can be driven without a special
should hire a narrow boat, one of the long colourful licence.
boats you always see on canals. They are very 3 The most well-known Italian cruise company is
comfortable and you can choose from several probably Costa. MSC is a private held company,
different sizes to suit your needs. If you travel which was founded in Naples, and now has its
along the Grand Union Canal near Warwick, you headquarters in Geneva, Switzerland.
will have plenty of picturesque villages and towns 4 Venice, Ancona, Bari, Genoa, Napoli, Messina,
to visit, but you’ll also be able to have lots of fun Civitavecchia, Cagliari, Brindisi.
navigating the locks along the canal. These locks 5 Positive effects are the economic benefits to the
are the mechanisms that allow the canals to go up local economy and more jobs, especially for the
and down hill and it’s great for the children to help smaller run, national companies. For large cruise
open and close them. ships much of the money stays within the
Another area you could try is the Norfolk Broads, company, as tourists spend little time and money
in the east of the country. This is actually a man- on shore. Negative effects are pollution and
made area, created in medieval times when people overcrowding. Cities like Venice cannot cope with
dug for peat, and it was flooded later. As it is such the huge number of tourists that descend on the
a flat area, you get wide horizons during the day city on one day from massive cruise ships. The
and huge, starry skies at night. There are many size of these ships can also cause damage to the
types of boat you could hire, but I recommend a marine environment.

Transport | U N I T 5 161
 Pages 144-145 introducing government subsidies the solution to
this problem?
1 Possible answers: Firstly, using a private car is extremely convenient.
Sleeping: Cabins can be exterior (with a balcony, a You do not have to respect any timetable and can
window or porthole) or interior with no window. leave at whatever time you want, unlike with a
Private bathrooms. Big suites with living and train. Furthermore, train services are not always on
sleeping areas. time or they can be cancelled due to strike action,
Luggage: At embarkation and disembarkation your making journeys even longer.
main luggage is taken to your cabin for you. Good Another point to consider is that the routes
idea to have some personal items in hand luggage. covered by rail are often limited. Not every town,
Payment: Pay a deposit or register a credit card to especially in rural areas, has a train station. This is
be able to pay for extras on board. not only inconvenient for local people, but also for
Food and drink: Included in the cruise package, but tourists who would have to use a bus service or an
can pay extra for speciality restaurants, alcohol etc. expensive taxi to get to their final destination,
Entertainment: Included in the package. Theatre negating any benefit from subsidised ticket prices.
shows, performances and films. In conclusion, I don’t believe subsidised rail travel is
Sports and activities: Pools, fitness rooms, sports a solution. In my opinion, governments should
courts, spas and beauty treatments, casinos, shops, invest in other areas, such as introducing green
shore excursions, dance lessons. buses and car sharing schemes, that will be of a
more immediate benefit to most citizens as well as
2 Possible answers: the environment.
1 It is an advert for a fly cruise, combined with a stay
at the end.
2 It is 32 nights long. COMPITO DI REALTÀ
3 It starts in Southampton in the UK and ends in San
For further information about Compiti di realtà,
Francisco, with a flight back to the UK.
see pages 16-17.
4 The ship is called Queen Elizabeth. It has many
dining, sport, free-time, health and entertainment
facilities to ensure the guests have lots of different
things to do during the month-long cruise. Pages 146-147
5 It visits the USA, Mexico, Guatemala, Aruba,
Jamaica and Bermuda. The cruise lasts more than a 1 Personal answers
month so the number of stops doesn’t seem that
many. However you have to consider the time taken 2 Possible answers:
to cross the Atlantic from the UK to Bermuda, and 1 A customer might want to be able to check if the
then to the USA. After that there are quite a lot of company is reliable and trustworthy before using
interesting and varied places to visit, including its services, such as booking a holiday or transport.
cities and islands. 2 The values of good customer service and company
6 The cruise is aimed at fairly wealthy people as the pride and spirit are important.
prices are high, especially for the suite. As the 3 It says the company has been in business for over
cruise lasts for a month, perhaps it is ideal for those 30 years. It says it is an award-winning business; it
who are retired as it is not easy for many people to gives the destinations it flies from and to and the
take holiday from work for that length of time. type of aircraft it uses. With the statistics on the
growth of the number of passengers, the reader
3 Personal answers has an idea of the size of the business and its
stability. It mentions the parent company, which
4 FCE Writing Part 2 owns the airline, but it doesn’t give any details.
Sample answer: 4 The text is fairly informal. It is effective because it
uses clear and easy to understand language. The
use of verbs like ‘take off’ with its connection to
Our roads and becoming busier and busier and the
airplanes also makes it quite fun.
air we breathe is more and more polluted by
exhaust fumes. But is encouraging rail travel by 3 1c 2f 3e 4b 5a 6d

162 U NI T 5 | Transport
 EXPLORE GRAMMAR EXPLORE GRAMMAR
Go to the FLIP BOOK for the exercises. 1 1 at 4 on
2 in 5 During, before
3 In 6 until

Video tutorial
In the FLIP BOOK, you can find a Video tutorial Weaker students
about relative clauses. Play the audio a first time and then ask students
some comprehension questions, for example:
Do the two speakers know each other?
4 1 we believe 5 heart of our business
Have they done business together before?
2 intimate cruise ships 6 the traveller
3 luxurious but 7 are celebrating
understated 8 as passionate about
4 hidden destinations travel 4 1.29 FCE Listening Part 2

5 Sample answer: A = Travel agent Angela Ward,

B = Business woman Marcia Rodriguez
As a family-owned business since 1991, here at Topp’s
Car Rental we pride ourselves on offering a top A Ward’s Travel. Angela speaking. How can I help
quality, reliable and professional car rental service at you?
competitive rates. Our headquarters are in Brighton B Good morning Angela. It’s Marcia Rodriguez
and we have rental kiosks in all major UK airports and from VMH Industries.
25 different cities, all with experienced, friendly staff A Hi Marcia. How are you? How can I help you?
ready to help you at any moment. We have a fleet of B I’m fine, thanks. Busy as always. I need you to
modern cars, with MPV, SUV, compact and economy book some flights for me.
vehicles perfect for all your needs. A Sure, no problem. Where are you going this
time?
6 Personal answers B The States. I’ve got to go to New York and
Chicago.
A Right. So when are you leaving?
Pages 148-150 B I need to fly out on the 16th October.
A Sixteen? OK, and is that to New York or
1 Personal answers Chicago?
B New York.
2 1 Four passengers (two adults and two children). A OK. Heathrow to New York on 16 October. And
They want to travel by ferry. when do you need the internal flight to
2 They want to go to from Harwich to Hook of Chicago?
Holland on 18th July. B That will be for the 19th, late afternoon would
3 There are only 4-berth cabins, and no 2-berth be best.
cabins, for the outward journey. A Sure, I can do that. And when do you want to
4 They will travel by car while on holiday. (They are come back?
taking their own car with them on the ferry.) B On the 22nd. But I need to get back before
5 The return journey is different. They want to travel lunchtime as there’s an important conference
from Calais, France, to either Folkestone or Dover I have to attend in the afternoon.
in the UK. A 22. Before lunch… OK. I’ve made a note of that.
6 On the return journey there are only Lounge Plus Have you got any preference for the seat? Do
seats available, not standard seats. you want me to book a window in business?
I think that’s what you usually have, isn’t it?
3 1 crossing 6 outward journey B Yes, business class and only direct flights
2 2-berth cabin 7 vehicle please, I don’t want to have to wait around for
3 4-berth cabin 8 return journey a connecting flight.
4 leg 9 (lounge) seat / seating A I would only book a direct flight for those
5 limited availability 10 deck routes, don’t worry. What about the airline?

Transport | U N I T 5 163
 Lufthansa and KLM have a very good cabins available at a cost of $4,750. Alternatively, we
transatlantic service. can offer an external cabin with window for departure
on 1st March at a cost of $5,995.
B I prefer the first one out of the two, but
I suppose it doesn’t really matter. However, considering your clients’ fidelity to our
A OK, Marcia, that’s fine. I’ve got all the details. I’ll company, we are pleased to offer a special package
reserved exclusively for their forthcoming special
look into the best deal and send you an email
celebration. We would like to propose a junior suite on
later this morning with the proposed schedule. board the Diamond Star departing on the 12th
Is that alright for you? February from Miami. This includes a Valentine’s
B That would be great. Thanks for your help. Dinner at the Captain’s table on the 14th February.
A You’re welcome. Goodbye. The total cost for this special package is only $6,100.
B Bye. We are sure that your clients will appreciate this
special offer and look forward to seeing them on
board again.
1 16 October 5 lunch/lunchtime
2 New York 6 business Please do not hesitate to call me for any further details,
3 Chicago 7 direct Kind regards,
4 19 (October) 8 Lufthansa Josh Coombes

5 1 d Excuse me, what time is the last train to Liverpool?

2 e Is it possible / Am I allowed to take my dog on
board the ferry?
8 Personal answers
3 f What’s the difference between a compact and an
economy car? 9 Sample answer:
4 c How long does the flight last?
A = Travel assistant, B = Customer
5 b Would you recommend the train or coach to get
to Rome? A Good morning.
6 a What is the cheapest fare? B Hello, I’d like some information about trains to
Nottingham for next Thursday.
6 Sample answer: A What time do you want to leave?
B I need to get there as early as possible. What time
does the first train leave?
Dear Sirs, A There is a train at 8.10 which arrives at 10.35, with
I am writing with reference to your cruise on board one change.
the Victoria Star departing from Nassau on the 19th B How much does it cost?
February for my clients Mr and Mrs Smith. A A single ticket is £32.60.
Could you please let me know the availability for an B Is there a cheaper train?
exterior cabin, with window or balcony, for this A The train at 9.01 costs £21.30.
date? Furthermore, considering that this is the B Is it direct? What time does it arrive?
couple’s sixth cruise with your company, and they A No, there are two changes and it arrives at 11.14.
will be celebrating their 25th wedding anniversary,
B Hmm. Thank you. I think the 8.10 train is best.
I kindly ask you if there is some special offer that
you could offer them.
I appreciate your help in this matter and look
forward to hearing from you soon. Pages 151-153
Yours faithfully,
Booking methods
Matteo Anselmi

1 A ONLINE
7 Sample answer: B BY EMAIL
C WITH A TRAVEL AGENT
D ON THE PHONE
Dear Mr Anselmi, E IN PERSON
Thank you for your enquiry regarding the Victoria Star
cruise departing from Nassau.
Personal answers
For the date you requested, we only have inside

164 U NI T 5 | Transport
2 5 Add extras like priority boarding, your seat number,
hold luggage. / Enter passenger and contact details.
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES 6 Enter payment details (invoice address, debit or
credit card number, CCV, expiry date).
Online quick, easy, must have a credit 7 Accept terms and conditions.
immediate or debit card 8 Click confirm.
confirmation and be computer 9 Receive booking confirmation and reference
literate number by email.

Email direct, quick, get must be clear with

Bookings and confirmations by email
confirmation back your requests,
by email, can give might not always 1
more details/ask get a quick reply
more questions
Dear Gavin,
With a good for have to find 1 Following our previous correspondence, I’m
travel complicated someone pleased to inform you that we’ve finally managed
agent schedules and trustworthy and to decide our holiday schedule.
special requests, reliable, might be 2 I would like to ask you to book the round-trip
get personal advice possible to find flights to Vancouver from April 18th to May 1st.
and reassurance, better rates
3 In addition, could you please reserve a deluxe
don’t have to do directly cabin on the five-day Canadian Rockies Train tour,
anything, different starting on April 20th.
payment methods
4 I’ll be in touch later regarding hotels and car hire
are possible for the rest of the holiday.
On the good for group need a credit 5 Thanks again for all your help.
phone bookings and if you or debit card, Kind regards,
have questions, sometimes the
Geoff and Maria Waldheim
immediate rates charged for
confirmation, the phone call can
sometimes a free be higher than 2 1 With reference to your email
number to call normal phone calls, 2 confirm I have booked two seats
might have to wait 3 at no extra charge
in a queue for an 4 sure you will appreciate
operator to be free 5 Attached, please find / Please find attached /
Attached, you will find
In good for immediate can be a queue
person travel, get ticket which means you
straight away might miss your
3 Sample answer:
train/bus if you
don’t have much Dear Sir/Madam,
time, often more
I am a travel agent in Newcastle, UK, and would like to
expensive to book
book the following minibus rental for my clients.
last minute than in
advance They require a nine-seater minibus from the 11th to
21st May, with pick-up and drop-off at Rome Fiumicino
Airport. There will be two drivers, Mr Samuel Twining
Booking a flight online and Ms Anne Delaney, both over 25.

1 1 Select departure and arrivals airport(s), return/one Could you please confirm the price for the above
booking and the details for picking up the minibus at
way flight, dates and number of passengers.
the airport?
2 Click on ‘search’.
3 Select the flight(s). Looking forward to receiving your confirmation,
4 Enter passenger and contact details. / Add extras Yours faithfully,
like priority boarding, your seat number, hold Mike Lyons
luggage.

Transport | U N I T 5 165
 4 Sample answer: B Lounge seats, please. They’ll be tired after
driving all day.
A OK. Nearly finished. Could you give me the
Dear Mr Lyons,
lead passenger name, please?
Thank you for your email. B Mr Daniel Wallis.
We have booked a nine-seater minibus for the dates A Can you spell the surname please?
requested. The total cost is €759, including insurance, B W – A – DOUBLE L – I – S.
taxes and unlimited mileage. The reservation number A Thanks and the car registration number?
is FRZ2563. B That’s Y K 0 4 T F P.
Your clients will need this number, with a credit card A T for Tango, F for foxtrot, P for papa?
and valid driving licence for both nominated drivers, B That’s it.
when they pick up the vehicle at the airport. The A OK. I’ll send the confirmation to you by email
offices at Fiumicino are open from 7 a.m. to midnight.
straightaway.
Thank you for your custom. B Perfect. Oh. What’s the total cost?
Best regards, A £490.20.
B I can pay by bank transfer as usual, can’t I?
Giovanni Belladonna
A Yes, that’s fine. Thanks for calling Sonya.
GT Noleggi B Thanks for your help. Bye.

Bookings and confirmations on the phone and in 1 Folkestone 4 Daniel Wallis

person 2 18.00 5 YK04TFP
3 Lounge 6 £490.20
1 1.30
2 1 I’d like to make a group booking
2 Where are you travelling from
A = Maurice Suett from Channel Ferries,
3 Let me check
B = Sonya Lewell from GoTravel
4 It’s a direct service
A Channel Ferries. Maurice speaking. How can I 5 How much does it cost?
help you? 6 Can I pay by credit card?
B Hello. It’s Sonya Lewell from GoTravel. We were
in contact at the end of last week by email 3 Sample answer:
about a booking from Harwich to Hook of
Holland. A = Customer service agent, B = Customer
A Yes, I remember. Four people, wasn’t it? A Good afternoon. How can I help you?
B That’s right. Well, can I book the crossings now? B Good afternoon. I’d like to rent a car please. Have
A Of course. Are all the details the same? I’ll call you got any available?
it up on the system now. A Yes, we have. How long do you want the car for?
B No, there’s a change actually. B Just two days. And I’ll drop it off here at the airport.
A OK. Fire away. A OK. Do you want a manual or automatic?
B So the departure is the same. Harwich Hook of B It’s not important, but I’d like air conditioning
Holland on 18 July, for the half ten crossing. please.
A You mean 10.30 p.m.? OK, and with a 4-berth A They all have air conditioning. We have a car
cabin right? available in the medium category, a Ford Focus.
B That’s it. For the 4th August, the return, they It’s £48.96 per day.
want to travel later. So I was thinking about the B Is there anything cheaper?
7.30 p.m. crossing from Calais to Dover. Is there A Yes. In group A we have a Fiat 500 available
still availability? which is £32.99 per day or for a group B vehicle,
A Just a moment. Sorry no. Fully booked. What something like a Polo, it’s £39.99. I need to check
about crossing to Folkestone? There’s space on the exact vehicle we have, though.
the 6.00 p.m. boat. B That’s OK. The Fiat 500 will be fine. It’s only for
B So Calais Folkestone at 6.00 p.m.? Yes, that is two days and there are only two of us.
fine. Is it about the same price? A Fine. Do you want to rent a GPS too? We have
A Yes, there’s only a few pounds difference. the latest model for only £29 for the two days.
Do you want lounge seats or just deck? B No, that’s fine. I’ll use my phone.

166 U NI T 5 | Transport
 A OK. Can I have your credit card and details please?
Holland and France so can’t go anymore.
B Sure.
A So it’s the 18th of July Harwich Hook of Holland
and 4th of August Calais Folkestone, 4
passengers, one vehicle, right?
Pages 154-155 B That’s the one. How much will they lose?
A As they are cancelling less than 21 days before
the departure, they’ll lose 50% of the cost. In
Possible answers:
two days’ time, the penalty would be 80% as
change to holiday allowance from work; work it’s within 10 days of departure. I hope they
commitments; death; political/social problems at the have insurance!
destination; risk of terrorist attacks; add/cancel/change B Yes luckily they have. You would be surprised
one member of the holiday how many of my clients don’t take out a policy
– even when I tell them how important it is.
1 A Yes, I agree. You just never know what could
happen. Right, I’ll go ahead and cancel this then.
B Thanks.
Mr Freeman, A You’ll shortly get an email and the details for
1 I am writing with reference to booking no. CR543 the refund. We’ll refund it by bank transfer, as
for the Canadian Rockies Train tour for my clients that’s how you paid, and it will be done by
Mr and Mrs Waldheim. tomorrow. Is that alright?
2 Unfortunately, due to unforeseen circumstances, B That’s perfect. Thanks for your help. As
they have to postpone the trip by a few days. efficient as ever.
A No problem. Let us know if we can help with
3 Therefore, I would be grateful if you could change
the reservation from April 20th to April 25th. anything else.
B Sure. Goodbye.
4 I hope there is still availability for this date.
5 I apologise for any inconvenience and look 1T 2F 3T 4T 5F 6F
forward to receiving the amended booking
confirmation.
4 1 Stating conditions b, e
Yours truly, 2 Apologising f, h
Gavin Newberry 3 Making requests c, d
4 Giving reasons a, g

Written communication: d, f, g
2 FCE Reading and Use of English Part 1
Oral communication: a, h
1B 2D 3A 4C 5B 6C Both communication: b, c, e

3 1.31 5 Sample answer:

A = Nick Castle from Channel Ferries,
Dear Mr Gambini,
B = Sonya Lewell from GoTravel
A Channel Ferries. Nick speaking. How can I help I am writing with reference to our booking reference
17/8b for coach rental from 15 May to 22 May.
you?
B Hello. This is Sonya Lewell from GoTravel. I made Unfortunately I need to change the booking because
a booking last month for a return ferry crossing of a problem with the airline and the flights. The new
dates are 14 May to 21 May and there will now be 43
and unfortunately I have to cancel it. passengers instead of 51. The pick-up/drop-off
A Could you give me the booking reference, please? remains Perugia Airport. I hope there is still availability
B Yes, it’s 564AL, in the name of Daniel Wallis. for these new dates. Could you also let me know if
A Do they want to cancel the entire booking? there is a difference in price?
B I’m afraid so. One of the children had a bike Looking forward to receiving your prompt reply,
accident, broke his leg and arm and is in plaster. I apologise for any inconvenience this may cause.
A That’s unlucky. Yours sincerely,
B Yeah, they were planning an activity holiday in
Jack McGill

Transport | U N I T 5 167
 6 Sample answer: B Certainly. There you are.
A Are you travelling alone?
Dear Mr McGill, B Yes, it’s just me.
A Have you got any luggage to check in, Mr
We have received your email of 14th April and are
McClean?
sorry to hear about the problems with the airline.
B Yes, this one suitcase. It’s a bit heavy.
We are happy to inform you that we have a coach A Please put it on the belt. No, that’s OK. It’s under
available for the new dates indicated and we have
the limit. And have you any hand luggage?
reserved it for you. It is a 56-seat coach as we have no
smaller coaches available on these dates. This means B Just this bag. It’s OK isn’t it?
that unfortunately we cannot reduce the price of your A Yes, that’s fine. I just need to ask you some
original booking. However, we will not apply our security questions. Did you pack the bags
standard 10% fee for late booking changes. yourself?
We hope this is satisfactory and look forward to B Yes, I did.
seeing you soon. A Do they contain any of these items on the list?
Kind regards, B No, nothing.
A Has anyone asked you to carry any items on
Michele Gambini
board?
Vettori Noleggi B No.
A Have you left your luggage unattended at any
7 Personal answers time?
B No, not at all. It’s always been with me.
8 Sample answers: A Thank you.

A = Travel agent, B = Customer 1 One.

A Happy Travel. John speaking. How can I help you? 2 He has one suitcase for the hold and one carry-on
B Good morning. This is Luke Williams. A couple of bag.
weeks ago I booked a flight with you from Naples 3 Did you pack your bags yourself? Do they contain
to London. any items on the list? Has anyone asked you to
A That’s right. I remember. How can I help you? carry any items on board? Has your luggage been
B Unfortunately, I need to cancel the flight. I have left unattended?
some work commitments which I can’t change so
I can no longer travel. 2 1.33
A I’m sorry about that.

B Yes, so can I get a refund please? A = Assistant, B = Passenger
A Sorry, Mr Williams, but your ticket is non-refundable. A Would you like an aisle or window seat?
B What? But I’m not flying for another four weeks. B A window seat if possible. Is there one with
There’s plenty of time to cancel it. extra legroom, maybe a bulkhead?
A It’s not a question of the time, unfortunately, it’s the A Just a moment…
type of ticket. It is the airline’s policy and this was Sorry, sir, no… but I can give you a window seat.
clearly stated at the time of booking. B OK, that’s fine.
B Oh, I see. So there’s nothing I can do? A So, here is your boarding pass. The flight is
A I’m really sorry, but no. KLM 458, leaving at 9.40. You’re in seat 23G.
B OK. Thanks. Bye. B Thanks.
A Goodbye. A Please be at the gate for 9.00 when boarding
starts.
B Which gate is it?
Pages 156-157 A It’s gate D10, but keep an eye on the flight
Check-in at the airport information screens for any last minute
changes.
1 1.32 B Thank you.
A You’re welcome. Have a good flight.
A = Assistant, B = Passenger
A Good morning. Can I have your ticket and 1 458 3 9.00
passport please? 2 23G 4 D10

168 U NI T 5 | Transport
3 1 Can I see your boarding pass and passport, please? you to return to your seats. Please ensure your
2 I’m sorry but it weighs 22 kg, two kilos over the tray tables and seats are in the upright position,
limit. window blinds are open and arm rests down. No
3 Take this to the desk over there where you can pay further use of the toilets is permitted.
by credit card.
4 hand luggage can’t/mustn’t weigh over 10 kg.
Speaker 1 d Speaker 3 b
Speaker 2 f Speaker 4 a
4 Personal answers
Note: Students can use exercises 1 and 3 as a 2 Personal answers
model for these conversations.
At the station
On board the plane
1 1.35
1 1.34 FCE Listening Part 3

One

Speaker 1 The train on platform 5 is the regional train 218 to
A I’m sorry madam, but you can’t have your Birmingham with departure at 10.28, stopping at
handbag on the floor in front of you. This is an all stations. This train is ready to depart. The
emergency exit row and it must be completely regional train 728 to Bolton with departure at
clear during take-off and landing. 10.35 will leave from platform 6 instead of
B Can I keep it on my lap? platform 3A, that is regional train 728 to Bolton
A No, I can put it in the overhead locker for you leaving from platform 6 at 10.35. Passengers are
and then you can get it when the captain has reminded that smoking and the use of electronic
switched off the seatbelt sign. You can keep it cigarettes is not permitted anywhere on the
with you during the flight without any problems. station concourse.
B OK. Thank you.
Two
Speaker 2 The lift on the station concourse is out of service
Welcome to Ancona, where the local time is due to flooding caused by the extreme weather
10.05. Please remain seated until the seatbelt sign this morning. If you need assistance, please
has been switched off and the aircraft has come contact a member of staff. We apologise for the
to a complete standstill. Pay attention when delay to rail services to York and Newcastle today.
opening the overhead lockers as objects may This is due to a previous incident on the line at
have become dislodged. You will be able to York which involved the derailing of a goods train.
disembark using the front and rear steps. Please Normal service is expected to resume in the next
check you have all your belongings with you. hour.
Thank you for flying with us and we wish you a
Three
pleasant onwards journey or stay in the area.
A I really don’t know why people can’t be a bit
Speaker 3 more considerate of others when travelling on
A Excuse me, I requested a vegetarian option for a train. It really isn’t on.
my meal. Is that OK? B What do you mean? The guy over there eating?
B Yes, that’s fine. We will start serving lunch in He looks like he’s set the table for a banquet!
about an hour. In the meantime, would you like A No, he’s fine. In fact, I could do with something
anything to drink? else to eat. Those sandwiches we got in the
A Have you got any fruit juice? buffet car were tiny. No, it’s that woman at the
B Yes, there’s orange or apple. end of the carriage. I can hear her from here.
A I’ll have apple juice, please. Why do people have to shout so much on the
B Here you are. Would you like biscuits or phone? She’s been going on for ages.
peanuts as a snack? B Why don’t you get your lap top out and do
A Ooh… peanuts, please. Thank you. some work?
A No, there’s no way I could concentrate.
Speaker 4
As the captain has switched on the fasten Four
seatbelt sign in preparation for landing, we ask A Can I see your tickets please?

Transport | U N I T 5 169
 B Yes, here you are. Could you tell me what time 5 She was flying from London Heathrow (LHR) to
we’ll get into Edinburgh? I know the scheduled Dubai (DXB).
time was 12.15, but I couldn’t quite catch the 6 She is complaining about the delay, the rude and
last announcement they made about the delay. unhelpful staff, and about being on the plane for an
Something about it being after one o’clock? hour with no air conditioning.
A It was, yes, but we’ve managed to make up 7 She missed her daughter’s wedding ceremony.
some time, so the expected arrival time is now 8 She requests an apology and compensation.
12.50.
B Thank you. 3
Five
Welcome aboard this intercity service to London Dear Ms Cavendish,
King’s Cross. First class is situated at the front of
1 With reference to your email dated 15th November,
the train after the buffet car, which will shortly be we deeply regret you experienced such a long
open for hot and cold drinks, snacks and delay on your flight to Dubai.
sandwiches. We wish to inform passengers that 2 In addition, we would like to apologise for the lack
there is no Wi-Fi service aboard the train today. of communication from our staff to the
We apologise for any inconvenience and wish you passengers.
a pleasant journey. 3 We have investigated the matter and the delays
were due to mechanical works on the runway and,
as such, were out of our control.
1C 2A 3A 4B 5C
4 However, as a gesture of good will, we are happy
2 Personal answers to refund the cost of the outward flight to Dubai.
5 This amount will be credited to the credit card
used for booking, unless we receive other
Pages 158-159 instructions from you.
6 Once again please accept our apologies and we
1 Personal answers, for example: hope you will continue to fly with us in the future.

Things which cannot be helped: someone arriving Yours sincerely,

late; a strike; bad weather causing a cancellation; Matt Ingram
losing a ticket
Customer Services Manager
Things you could potentially complain about:
delays meaning a missed connection; lost luggage;
technical problems/breakdown of means of 4 1.36
transport; reserved seat/class not being available;
lack of facilities/services promised/paid for A = Customer service agent Maggie Jones,
B = Travel agent Clyde Vernon
2 1 You can ask your travel agent to make the A Leys Car Rental Customer Service Centre. This
complaint for you. is Maggie. How can I help you?
2 A large company will probably have a customer B Good Morning. This is Clyde Vernon from the
services department to handle complaints, whereas agency TravelWise in Bournemouth. I’ve got a
in a small company it might be a general manager problem with a booking. It’s an emergency
or the owner who deals with them. actually. My client has just called me from Pisa
3 The disadvantage to a company can be that some Airport and your agent there told her that they
people exaggerate or complain unnecessarily, but haven’t got her car available and it won’t be
other users won’t know this and will still see the ready for another five hours.
negative comments, risking the company’s A I’m sorry about that. Can you give me the
reputation and image. booking number?
4 If you make the complaint as soon as possible, it is B It’s TS 400955369.
easier to remember the details. In addition, if you A Ms Carmen Fletcher?
wait too long it will seem that it wasn’t so B Yes.
important after all. The company might also have a A I see she booked a compact car with pick up at
fixed time period in which to make a complaint. midday. Can you hold the line please?

170 U NI T 5 | Transport
 I’ll contact the Pisa office and see what is arrived at the rental desk, she was told that there
happening. was no car available and the staff were
B Thanks. You can imagine what she’s feeling. unsympathetic and not at all interested in helping
She’s been at your desk for 40 minutes already her. She was travelling alone with two young
with two young children and nobody seems to children, so you can imagine how anxious she was
want to help. until I managed to resolve the situation, finding a
A Of course. Just a moment please. car with another car rental company at a cost of
£150 more than her original booking with you.
A Hello? Sorry about the wait. The problem is I have used your company many times and had
that two customers are late with bringing their assured Ms Fletcher of your reliability and excellent
cars back today and we don’t have any spare service, so you can imagine my disappointment
cars at Pisa at all. and anger when I received her phone call. In the
B I booked with your organisation precisely circumstances, I believe my client is entitled to be
because I didn’t want problems of this sort. reimbursed for the extra cost she had to bear and
A I do apologise. It is very rare for this kind of that she should be adequately compensated for
thing to happen, but it is an extremely busy the inconvenience and worry.
period. I can organise for a taxi to take them to I look forward to receiving your prompt reply on
Florence airport, where we have a car of a this matter.
higher category available. At no extra charge Yours sincerely,
of course. Clyde Vernon
B Well, luckily, in the meantime she has managed
to find a car with another rental company at
the airport. It is more expensive but they 6 Sample answer:
certainly can’t hang around any longer.
A I’m pleased you’ve found a solution. I’ll cancel Dear Sir/Madam,
this booking and refund you the total amount I have just returned from your coach tour of the
immediately. Scottish Highlands, booked through the travel agency
B Yes, can you credit it to the agency card? It’s Hill Travel in Gloucester, and I wish to complain about
the Visa ending in 6543 that I used for the the standard of service throughout the trip.
booking. The coach was advertised as being luxurious, with
A Certainly. I’ll do it now. We are sorry about air conditioning and Wi-Fi, whereas the coach we
what happened. If you wish to make a written travelled on was clearly more than 15 years old,
complaint, the details are indicated on the with worn, uncomfortable seats and no Wi-Fi
bottom of the booking form you have. connection at all. Furthermore, the guide was really
B Right. Well, I certainly will be taking this further impolite and did not provide adequate descriptions
with a complaint. I really didn’t expect this and information on the places visited. In fact, in
from your company. Thanks for your help, one place we were forced to pay for a private
anyway. guide in order to be able to visit and enjoy the
A You’re welcome and I apologise once again for location properly.
the inconvenience. I feel that this level of service was completely
unsatisfactory and I would be grateful if you could
provide an explanation for this. Furthermore, in the
1F 2F 3T 4T 5F 6T
circumstances, I believe I am entitled to a refund as
the tour was not as advertised.
5 Sample answer: I look forward to your prompt reply.
Yours faithfully,
Dear Ms Whittaker,
Lee Woods
I am writing with reference to booking TS
400955369 in the name of Ms Fletcher and my
phone call of 10th June to your Customer Service
Extra activity: Writing
Centre.
I had booked a rental car with your company on Ask the students to work in pairs. Ask them to swap
behalf of my client Ms Fletcher to be picked up on the letters of complaints they wrote in exercises 5 and
her arrival at Pisa Airport. However, when she 6 and to write their replies to their partners’ letters.

Transport | U N I T 5 171
 Page 163 A Has anyone asked you to take any items on to
the plane for them?
1 1 air bridge 4 runway
B No, they haven’t.
2 seatbelt 5 cockpit
A Do you have any dangerous or restricted items
3 gate 6 security
in your luggage? There’s a list here you can
2 1 platform 4 tracks look at.
2 convertible 5 double-decker bus B No, I don’t.
3 ticket inspector 6 (overhead) luggage A Would you prefer a window or an aisle seat?
rack B A window seat, please.

3 1 starboard 4 bridge
1 Are you travelling
2 bow 5 ro/ro ferry
2 Did you pack
3 porthole 6 decks
3 Has anyone asked you
4 1 cancelled 4 take 4 Do you have any
2 disembark 5 off 5 Would you prefer
3 delayed 6 missed
4 1.38

5 FCE Reading Part 1

A = Check-in assistant, B = Passenger
1B 2C 3A 4D 5C 6A 7A 8D
A So, Mr Collins, you’re travelling with Air
America from New York JFK Airport to London
Pages 164-165 City Airport. On board flight AA6229.
B Is the flight on time?
1 ES A Yes, it is. The flight is due to leave at the
1 The writer suggests choosing a few sites you want scheduled time of 9.55 a.m.
to visit that are not too far from each other and to B Which gate do I need?
take your time. A Gate number 14. There shouldn’t be any
2 You can find out the best places to eat out or shop changes, but do check the information screens
by seeing where the locals go. before you head to the gate.
3 Because your body releases endorphins when you B What time do I need to be there by?
take any exercise such as walking. A You can board till 9.25 a.m.
4 You don’t fully understand the layout of a place B Right.
because you miss bits out and it can disorientate you. A Here’s your passport and your boarding pass.
5 The writer tells us to prepare by ensuring we have Your seat number is 11A.
good walking shoes, maps and a day bag with B OK, thanks.
essentials in it, as well as by visiting the local tourist A Enjoy your flight!
information office to ask about the best paths to
follow and places to stop. 1 Air America 4 14
6 The writer suggests they use meet-up websites to 2 London City Airport 5 9.25 a.m.
find other travellers or locals to explore with or to 3 9.55 a.m.
join organised tours.
5 Sample answer:
2 Personal answers
For over 40 years we have been the leading boat
company on Lake Como, with an excellent
3 1.37
selection of full- and half-day boat trips to some of
the most beautiful spots and popular attractions
A = Check-in assistant, B = Passenger
on the lake. Our main office is in Lecco, and our
A Good morning. Can I have your passport
lake cruises depart from here, as well as Como,
please? Are you travelling alone today?
Bellagio, Cernobbio and Menaggio. Our friendly
B Yes, I am.
and experienced staff will be happy to advise the
A So, you’re checking in two bags. Did you pack
best trip for you and have a wealth of knowledge
your bags yourself?
on what to do and see in each location. Guided
B Yes, I did.
tours are available in several languages, and we

172 U NI T 5 | Transport
 can also organise private boat trips on request.
All of our boats have indoor and outdoor seating,
with refreshments for sale on board.

6 Personal answers

7

A = Customer service assistant, B = Customer
A Can I help you?
B I’d like a ticket to London, please.
A One-way or return?
B Return, please.
A Are you travelling today?
B I’m travelling to London today, but returning
home tomorrow.
A Do you want a first or second class ticket?
B Second class, please.
A Would you like to reserve seats for both journeys?
B Yes, please.
A What time would you like to travel?
B Could you book me on the 9.55 to London today,
returning at 18.15 tomorrow.
A No problem. Do you have any preference about
seats or carriages?
B I’d like to be in the quiet carriage in a forward-
facing seat near the window if possible.
A OK… That’s £76.10. How would you like to pay?
B By card, please.
A OK. Thank you… please insert your pin… thanks.
Here are your tickets.
B Thank you.
A You’re welcome.

8 Personal answers

Transport | U N I T 5 173
 UNIT 6 Accommodation
Pages 166-167 Speaker 4
We don’t have a holiday that often, maybe once
1 Personal answers every two years, but when we do go away we
want everything to be perfect. The type of hotel,
Possible answers: the location, facilities, and above all the service.
booking.com, trivago.com, kayak.com, expedia.com I can’t stand inferior treatment and standards.
I’m paying for a service and I demand the best at
all times. And I’m more than happy to pay for it.
2 FCE Reading and Use of English Part 5
1C 2B 3A 4D 1f 2e 3d 4b

3 1 single 7 room only

Online worksheet
2 double 8 bed and breakfast
3 twin 9 half board You can download the worksheet History of
4 family 10 full board accommodation from our website
5 triple/quadruple 11 all-inclusive www.elilaspigaedizioni.it in the section called
6 suite Explore.

4 2.01 FCE Listening Part 3

Speaker 1

Pages 168-169

TIt’s not just a question of price. I mean, it is 1 Personal answers
important. You don’t want to have to pay through
the nose for something if you can find it cheaper 2 1T 2T 3F 4T 5F 6T 7F 8T 9T
but I’m not so concerned about the 20 dollars or 10 F
so, but what the place is like. That’s why I always
pick somewhere that I’ve heard good things about, 3 People looking for a long break are more likely
you know, a personal recommendation from a to stay in other types of hotel as airport hotels
friend who stayed there or a family member that are usually for just one night.
told you about a great hotel or villa they went to. 5 The idea for micro hotels originated in Japan.
Speaker 2 7 A resort hotel is likely to be very large, with lots
My husband spends hours surfing the Net, of facilities to cater for mass tourism.
looking at reviews, comparing offers, looking at 10 Many motels have closed down due to the
photos, Google Earth and so on. It drives me reduction in road travel, but you can still find them.
crazy because in the end he always chooses the 3 Personal answers
same two or three places that we know well and
have stayed in before! We’re both creatures of
habit I suppose, and it’s what’s important for me Page 170
too. So why does he have to waste all that time?
1 1 They can be different because the target market,
Speaker 3
price and location of each hotel is different and so
I love it when I have to choose somewhere to
they need to respond to different guests and their
stay. I never book a package holiday, so always
needs.
choose the accommodation myself whether it’s in
2 A courtesy set is some free toiletries in the
the next city or the other side of the world. I don’t
bathroom, such as soap, shampoo and shower gel.
drive so choosing somewhere that is easy to get
3 Hotels are using RFID technology to keep track of
to by public transport is the most important
the towels.
thing. I need to know that I can reach the hotel or
4 They are trying to be greener by suggesting
B&B easily, and that I can travel around
guests use their towels more than once and by
sightseeing and so on without any problems. In
not changing bed linen every day.
second place, I look at stuff like a nice pool and
5 This is when the hotel staff prepare your room for
other facilities.
the night (for example by turning down the

174 U NI T 6 | Accommodation
 sheets, closing the curtains, turning on a bedside 1 fingerprints 4 use of robots
lamp and putting a chocolate on your pillow). 2 check-in 5 human
6 They usually pay for room service when they pay 3 ordering room
the final bill at check-out. service

2 1I 2C 3A 4D 5E 6G 7J 8H 9B Online worksheet
10 F 11 L 12 K You can download the worksheet Things stolen
from hotels from our website
3 2.02 FCE Listening Part 2 www.elilaspigaedizioni.it in the section called
Explore.
Hotels are constantly updating the services they
provide and technology plays an important role in
this. Often the aim is to make processes and tasks
simpler and more integrated for both guests and Page 171
the hotel staff. One example of this is checking in
and the issuing of keys. As you know, you can 1 1 The Liberty Hotel is unique because it used to be
often check in online or with an app to avoid a prison; No Man’s Fort is unique because it is an
queuing at reception and in many chains you are old defensive fort in the middle of the sea; Hôtel
no longer issued a physical key or card but can de Glace is unique because it is made of ice.
use your smartphone to open the door to your 2 The Liberty Hotel and No Man’s Fort are
hotel room. Other technology being tested historical; Hôtel de Glace is temporary; No Man’s
includes using fingerprints and retina scans to get Fort is isolated; The Liberty Hotel is easy to get
access to your room, things that until recently to, Hôtel de Glace is not far from the city so
were reserved for science-fiction movies and top should also be easy to get to. Instead, you need
security government buildings. a boat to get to No Man’s Fort.
If a guest uses a check-in app, he or she is able to 3-4 Personal answers
see inside the rooms available and choose one,
2 Personal answers
for example, with the nicest view or on the top
floor. E-concierge apps which can be downloaded
onto the guest’s own device or consulted on the Page 172
tablet provided with the room, give all kinds of
information on the hotel, facilities and the local 1
area, and often can be used for ordering room
SIZE STAFF LOCATION FACILITIES
service too. A guest can consult the menu and B&B small; family/ anywhere few, maybe
order directly rather than having to call reception, 3 or 4 owner (rural, just an
streamlining operations for the hotel staff. The rooms in town or en-suite
app will inform the guest of the waiting time for a house city) bathroom,
the order and nowadays, it might not even be an breakfast
attendant that delivers your bottle of champagne.
Some hotels have started to introduce the use of Guest a larger some – dining
robots for this task, and also for delivering house building staff for room for
housekeeping items like extra towels and bottles cleaning meals,
of shampoo, requested via the app naturally. It is or lounge or
true that all this technology can improve business cooking communal
and increase revenue, but some experts in the duties area,
hospitality industry are not so open to using possibly a
technology in all aspects of the hotel trade for bar
fear of losing the personal touch and one-to-one
interactions for their guests who, after all, are Inn – – countryside maybe
human. This fact shouldn’t be overlooked or village lunch and
especially since many of us, whether we are away dinner as
on business or for a holiday, probably appreciate well as
a conversation with a real person more than with breakfast
a screen.

Accommodation | U N I T 6 175
 2 1 Near Skipton, Yorkshire
Background information
2 Three en-suite rooms for guests.
3 A Full English breakfast. OwnersDirect, part of the Home Away group,
4 Walking and hiking in the Yorkshire Dales, visiting is a website specialised in advertising
local picturesque towns and villages. privately-owned holiday accommodation.
5 The Goade family. Customers can book accommodation in over
70,000 villas, apartments, farmhouses and
other holiday accommodation all over the
Page 173 world directly with the owner or the owner’s
property manager. For each booking received
1 Possible answer: through the website, the owner pays a
There are Italian laws which govern what facilities/ commission and a credit card processing fee.
services a hotel must have in order to have a The guest also pays a service fee when making
certain star rating. the booking.

Useful websites 2 1 Cottages, farmhouses, villas and flats are

For further information, the following websites are commonly rented as holiday homes, although
useful: more unusual places like houseboats can be
https://bit.ly/2mdoMy6 rented too.
www.ontit.it/opencms/opencms/ont/it/stampa/ 2 The advantages are the freedom, flexibility
in_evidenza/001_Nasce_Italy_Stars_and_Rating; and independence so that you do not have to
www.adiconsum.it/files/guide_tematiche/ follow any timetable for meals and so on.
schedaAlbergo.pdf Self-catering can also work out quite cheaply,
especially for large groups, and you can also
have a lot more space than in a hotel, for
example. You also have the opportunity to
Personal answers choose an unusual place to stay in some
cases. The main disadvantage is that, if you
decide to eat in, someone has to cook the
2 1F 2T 3F 4T 5T 6F 7T 8F
meals and clean. It might not seem much of a
1 There is no international rating system so
holiday if you have to do the shopping,
it is difficult to compare hotels in different
cooking and cleaning just as if you were at
countries.
home. Instead, if you decide to go out for all
3 Ratings are also given to B&Bs, guest houses
your meals, it can become quite expensive.
and self-catering accommodation.
3 Holiday rentals are intended to be like a home
6 The number is increasing not dropping.
so you will find a fully-equipped kitchen,
8 It concludes that a combination of official
electrical appliances, plates, glasses and so
ratings and user reviews (and common
on. Towels and sheets may be included too.
sense) is probably the best way to choose
4 They are usually on a weekly basis, starting
accommodation.
and ending on the same day.
5 They are sites where people with a room or
3 Personal answers
place to rent can advertise it and the users
can search the listings, according to different
criteria. There are also reviews and comments.
Page 174 6 Possible answer:
1 Possible answer: The advantages are that you can stay
somewhere local or typical and it is usually a
Self-catering accommodation is when no meals are
cheaper form of accommodation. There are
provided and the guests have to organise them
risks involved though, as there are no real
themselves.
controls of what the people are renting and
Personal answer
the place might not be as advertised. Also the
owners could risk having their property
damaged.

176 U NI T 6 | Accommodation
 3 Personal answers
Extra activity: Internet research & Speaking

Extra activity: Internet research & Speaking Ask students to find the answers to the following
questions on the Hostelling International USA
Airbnb and similar organisations are often in website www.hiusa.org.
the news. For example, in 2017 there was
concern over the number of illegal Airbnb What kind of organisation is HI USA?
lets in Barcelona and the negative effect on
Where are the HI USA hostels and what kind of
the rest of the hospitality industry. In 2018,
buildings are they?
New York City was considering introducing
new laws regarding Airbnb rentals which Are the hostels only for young people?
could dramatically affect the website’s
Do you have to be a member and what is the
business.
process for membership?
Ask students to carry out some research on
local laws affecting Airbnb’s businesses and
any current controversies, reporting their
findings back to the class. Page 176
This can also be linked to a class discussion,
similar to exercise 3 on page 177. 1 Personal answers

Background Information
Camping is a popular option with many British
Page 175 tourists, as it is a relatively affordable option for a
holiday, especially for a family. There are several
Personal answers organisations, such as The Camping and Carvanning
Club (www.campingandcaravanningclub.co.uk)
and The Caravan Club (www.caravanclub.co.uk)
1 where you can get information and advice on
camping in the UK and Europe. Popular
FEATURES/ companies for European holidays are Canvas
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
FACILITIES (www.canvasholidays.co.uk) and Eurocamp
Youth single- in lots of having to (www.eurocamp.co.uk) which offer mobile
hostel sex mixed locations share a room/ homes, lodges and bungalows, as well as pitches
dormitories; across bathroom for tents, caravans and motorhomes. In Italy,
bunk beds; the world; their sites are located around Lake Garda and the
shared cheap; good northern part of the Adriatic Coast.
bathrooms; way to meet
kitchen facilities people and
socialise

Halls of single or good only available

residence double rooms; price; good outside
en-suite location university
or shared term time, so
bathrooms; limited
kitchen; other
university
facilities

Convent simple reasonable curfew

or accommodation; price;
monastery some food good
location

Accommodation | U N I T 6 177
 2 ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES Page 177
Tent cheap, budget- not so
1 1 HS 2 HS+SS 3 SS 4 HS+SS
friendly, close to comfortable, little
5 HS+SS 6 SS
nature, fun protection in bad
weather
2 2.03 FCE Listening Part 3
Caravan comfortable, expensive to buy
good in bad and maintain, Speaker 1

weather, have need somewhere
I agree that it’s not for everyone, but I’ve always
your car for to park it when had very positive experiences and had so much
transport, not in use fun while sofa surfing. I’ve only been around
good and easy Europe – mainly Spain, France and the
for frequent Netherlands – but I’ve met some lovely people
holidays and formed some long-lasting friendships. I’m
still in touch with a guy from Madrid that I stayed
Motorhome comfortable, no other means
with over 8 years ago, and we regularly meet up.
good in bad of transport
But everyone I’ve stayed with has always been
weather, good when on site
welcoming and extremely helpful, even when we
and easy (could use a
could hardly communicate because of the
for frequent bike), expensive
language barrier.
holidays to buy and
maintain, need Speaker 2
somewhere to My family and I have been part of a house
park it when not swapping organisation for the past five years.
in use It’s fantastic and we’ve stayed in the centre of
Rome, on the beach in California, the south of
France and in an incredible castle in Germany
– all places we would never have seen otherwise
3 1f 2e 3c 4a 5d 6b
as the costs would have been just too high for
our modest budget. Being able to save a
4 Personal answers
considerable amount of money on such an
important aspect of the holiday as
Extra activity: Speaking
accommodation, means that, if you wish, you
Select photos from the internet/holiday can spend more on the flights to distant
brochures representing a variety of locations or on the activities whilst you are
accommodation (e.g. a cheap budget hotel, a there. Or even go away more often.
luxurious/historical hotel, a B&B in a small village,
a farmhouse to rent in the countryside, a chic, Speaker 3

boutique hotel, a campsite) and give five images I was probably one of the first people to use the
to each pair of students. website Couchsurfing when it set up around 15
Read them the task and ask them to talk together years ago. I remember my parents being
for 2-3 minutes. horrified at the thought of me staying with
A family, comprising two adults and one teenager, strangers. Now that I’ve got a family of my own,
is planning a week’s holiday in the UK and wants house swapping is more suitable for us so that
to find accommodation that is suitable for all we have plenty of space and can do our own
members of the family. Talk about the different thing. But both organisations rely on the
places they could choose and then decide which generosity and honesty of people and good
would be the most suitable. faith. I suppose there are some untrustworthy
people out there, but there are plenty of
systems in place when you use a reputable
organisation that unpleasant situations are very
few and far between.

178 U NI T 6 | Accommodation
 Speaker 4

2 1 It is to attract and convince a customer to
choose a particular place over another.
I can remember the first time my partner and
2 You can just put the essential information in
I swapped our house for a cottage in Scotland.
bullet points, so not complete sentences, and
I was a bit worried about the weather since it
then invite the customer to contact the
was over Easter, but my partner was more
company or travel agent for more details.
concerned about the how clean the place would
3 It makes it easier and quicker to input the
be and if we would find it comfortable. I have to
data, and then for users to search and
say it was perfect, and honestly all the places
compare information.
we’ve been to since have been the same. We’ve
4 You must be careful to keep the information
never had any problems with dirty or untidy
clear and the pages easy to navigate, while
houses, or unsanitary conditions. You are staying
making it personal for your accommodation
in someone’s house after all, and so it should
business.
roughly have the same standards of cleanliness
5 The location. They all have some information
as you would have in your own home. People
on the services or facilities, but it is different
would also leave negative reviews if this wasn’t
for each one.
the case, so really there is no need to be
6 Personal answer
anxious.

1f 2a 3d 4e
Pages 180-183
1 1 A descriptive text for accommodation should
3 Suggestions: be informative and appealing, and contain
Agree: local hotels/rentals will be forced to lower details of the location, type of
their prices; they will lose business and risk closing; accommodation, atmosphere and facilities.
sofa surfers don’t have much money and won’t 2 It is to make the texts appealing to different
spend on other things in the place; if people have a target markets and to describe different types
negative experience with these two methods, they of accommodation in a suitable way.
might talk badly about a location in general when it 3 The first text describes a holiday rental near
was nothing to do with the place at all. the sea, the second a campsite near a lake, the
third an albergo diffuso in a mountain village.
Disagree: people still spend money on other 4 The first text is trying to appeal to large
things in the area (transport, restaurants, museums families, with or without children, and groups
etc.); offers the chance for more people to travel of friends. The second is aimed at families and
including those on a low budget and therefore people who like the outdoors, the third is
increase their knowledge, understanding and aimed at couples or families because it has
culture; people can become part of a community various styles of accommodation within the
for a short while; they aren’t giving their money same structure.
to big multinational companies who might have
dubious business and ethical methods. 2 1 C albergo diffuso
2 A renovated barn
COMPITO DI REALTÀ 3 B Michigan campsite

For further information about Compiti di realtà, 3 1 five minutes’ walk from the sea
see pages 16-17. 2 a modern, fully-equipped kitchen
3 memorable seaside holiday
4 fully enclosed garden area
5 al fresco dining
Pages 178-179 6 our goal is
7 we can’t wait to
1 Possible answers: 8 fun, family camping
in holiday brochures, guidebooks, booking 9 surrounded by mountains
websites, review websites 10 3-bedroomed stone house

Accommodation | U N I T 6 179
 4 1 location 4 service and has an open fireplace. There are a selection of
2 room 5 facilities DVDs and board games at guests’ disposal and if
3 bathroom 6 pool necessary, we can arrange for bicycles, perfect for
exploring the local area. The village, which is less
5 1 B&B 4 lounge than a mile away, has a small supermarket, a
2 night 5 place bakery and two pubs. Here at Red Cottage, you
3 armchairs 6 breakfast will be assured a peaceful and relaxing break in
one of England’s most picturesque areas.

EXPLORE GRAMMAR
COMPITO DI REALTÀ
1 1 A supplement is added for single occupancy.
2 Towels and bed linen are changed twice a For further information about Compiti di realtà,
week. see pages 16-17.
3 You will be well looked after by the hotel staff.
4 Alcoholic drinks are not sold after midnight.
5 The hotel chain was founded in 1985 by the
Madison family.
Pages 184-187
6 The hotel is being modernised at the moment.
1 Possible answer:
7 The B&B has been nominated for a Travellers’
Choice Award. availability, price, directions, services and facilities,
8 The hotel is going to be knocked down and disabled access, distance from the beach/ski
rebuilt. slopes/town centre, check-in time

2 1 He found the hotel on TripAdvisor.

2 He wants to stay for six nights.
Video tutorials
3 He would like en-suite double rooms, which
In the FLIP BOOK, you can find a Video tutorial are connecting or adjacent, for a total of two
about the passive. adults and two children, aged 12 and 16.
4 The hotel can offer en-suite double rooms but
they are facing each other on the same
6 1 in the heart of corridor, so not adjacent or connecting.
2 lively and friendly atmosphere 5 He gives details about what is served at
3 within easy reach/easily reachable breakfast and for the evening meal.
4 wide/vast/great selection of rooms 6 He provides information about other facilities
5 to relax and socialise in the hotel, such as ski storage, TV room and
6 hidden treasures Wi-Fi, as well as the deposit needed when
booking a room.
7 FCE Reading and Use of English Part 2
1 who/that 5 in 3 1 availability 6 balance
2 will/can 6 are 2 connecting rooms 7 underground
3 night 7 beds 3 half board parking
4 away 8 have 4 enquiry 8 convenience
5 deposit
8 Personal answers
4 FCE Reading and Use of English Part 1
9 Sample answer:
1D 2B 3A 4C 5C 6D 7A 8B
Red Cottage, set in the heart of the wonderful
Cotswolds, is the ideal place for your next holiday. 5 2.04
Surrounded by a fully-enclosed, delightful garden,
this romantic, thatched cottage sleeps six, with A = Owner, B = Potential guest
three bedrooms and two bathrooms. There is a
A Hello. Rose Witherspoon speaking. How can
fully-equipped kitchen with dishwasher,
I help you?
microwave, washing machine and tumble dryer,
B Good afternoon. This is Milton Broad. I saw
while the large living room is tastefully decorated

180 U NI T 6 | Accommodation
 your holiday rental on the Internet. I’d like to 8 Sample answer:
have a few details please.
A Of course. What would you like to know?
Dear Sirs,
B How far is it from the village? Can you walk
there? I saw your B&B advertised on the Internet and I would
like to know if you have a double room available for
A It’s about three miles from the village. It’s quite
the 10th and 11th May and the cost. For breakfast, I
a long walk, but you can take a short cut across would like to know if you can offer a vegan breakfast
the fields if you want. The village has a small and what the options are. In addition, could you tell
supermarket, a butcher’s, a bakery and two me if there is parking at the B&B and how far the town
pubs. The cottage sleeps 4 to 6 people. There’s centre is?
a fully-equipped kitchen, a bathroom and I look forward to receiving your reply.
downstairs toilet, 2 bedrooms, a large living
Yours faithfully,
room and a lovely garden. What else can I tell
you? John Bailey
B Do you provide sheets and towels?
A Yes all bed linen and towels are included in the
price, and there’ s a washing machine and 9 Sample answer:
tumble dryer if you need them. Changeover
day is on Saturday, and there is no extra
Dear Sirs,
cleaning charge. We just ask you to leave the
place tidy and presentable. We are an independent travel agent located in Padua,
B Of course. You said there’s a large garden. Italy. We are looking for a hotel for our clients’
forthcoming trip to the Lake District.
A Yes, it has beautiful views across the valley and
there are chairs, a table and sun loungers so it’s We would like to know the availability and your best
lovely to sit outside. It’s west facing, so the rate, bed and breakfast only, for 4 double rooms, with
en-suite facilities, from 15th July for 4 nights. As they
sunsets are gorgeous. are a group of enthusiastic hill-walkers, we would be
B Sounds perfect. I need some peace and quiet. grateful if you could also confirm whether your hotel is
A It’s a very tranquil, isolated spot which does close to the most popular hiking routes.
mean the internet connection is a bit patchy at We kindly ask you to send us some information
times but most of the time the Wi-Fi works regarding the local area and what facilities can be
fine. That’s included in the rental price by the reached on foot from your hotel.
way. Looking forward to receiving your reply as soon as
B OK. But internet is not a problem ‑ at least not possible,
for me, but maybe for my kids! So can I ask
Yours faithfully,
about availability? We were looking at two
weeks at the end of August... Marzia De Santis
Astro Viaggi
✓ distance from the ✓ tumble dryer
village ✓ garden furniture
10 Personal answer
✓ towels and bed linen ✓ Wi-Fi
✓ washing machine 11 Personal answer

6 1 How can I help you 12 Personal answer

2 we have a bungalow available for that week
3 It sleeps up to six people 13 Sample answer ‑ First situation:
4 you will need to bring your own towels
5 It’s £220 per week A = Camp manager, B = Customer
6 We’re within walking distance of the beach A Gold Forest Camp. Can I help you?
B Hello, yes. I’m interested in staying at your
7 Personal answers camp for four or five days in late June. What
availability is there?
A Do you want a cabin?
B No, we have our own tents so need pitches.
A How many pitches do you need?

Accommodation | U N I T 6 181
 B Three. 4 if you could let me have
A OK. From June 22nd to 27th we have three 5 to secure
pitches available. 6 we can also confirm receipt of
B How much does a pitch cost? 7 welcoming
A Our standard rate for a tent is $17 per day, or 8 sure
you can have a site with electricity and water
for $31 a day. Both are currently available. 3 1c B 4d C
B I don’t want to spend a lot. What size are the 2e C 5f B
pitches? 3b C 6a B
A They are big enough for a four- or five-man
tent.
EXPLORE GRAMMAR
B I see. What facilities does your camp have?
A There is a toilet/shower block and an outdoor 1 1 Which hotel do you want to book for next
cooking pavilion, a pool and a convenience weekend?
store. 2 I would like to make a booking on behalf of
B Are there cooking utensils provided? my clients.
A No, you have to bring your own. 3 You can’t rent this villa for less than two
B OK. Thanks for the information. I’ll talk to the weeks in the summer.
others and then call you back. 4 We chose to book directly with the hotel
A Fine. because it was cheaper.
5 Nowadays it is easy to find cheap
accommodation online.
14 Personal answers 6 You must have the booking reference with
you on your arrival.

Pages 188-191
4 FCE Reading and Use of English Part 2
Possible answer:
1 to 5 cost/total
card holder’s name, number, expiry date and CCV number 2 booking/ 6 deposit
(usually on the back of the card) reservation 7 make
3 behalf 8 Looking
1 1 It can be deducted immediately or at a later 4 board
date, depending on the conditions stated on
the website. 5 Sample answer:
2 A travel agent can use a GDS or they can book
directly with a supplier by email or over the
phone. They can also use other agents or Dear Mr Lepri,
intermediaries to make a booking. With reference to our previous correspondence,
3 The first email is a booking and the second is a I kindly ask you to make a booking for a superior
double room for two nights, arriving on 11th April, on a
confirmation.
half board basis. I would be grateful if you could
4 Both emails contain references to the price, ensure that we have a quiet room, well away from the
dates, type of room and board. noise of traffic. As confirmed in your email, the total
5 A booking email could contain other requests, price is €595.
for example regarding the room location or Would it be possible for you to arrange a walking tour
food. It will ask for confirmation of the of the centre of Verona for the Saturday morning,
booking. A confirmation email will thank the leaving at around 9 a.m.?
guest for the booking. It could provide a Thank you in advance and I look forward to receiving
booking reference number and ask for or your confirmation.
confirm the deposit.
Yours sincerely,

2 1 with reference to/Following Fred Ingram

2 to book
3 adjacent

182 U NI T 6 | Accommodation
6 Sample answer:
B Well, look forward to seeing you soon.
A Thank you very much.
B You’re welcome. Bye.
Dear Mr Ingram,
With reference to your email, we have the pleasure of
1 Green 4 ground
confirming your booking for a superior double room
for two nights, half board. We have reserved a quiet 1 27th October 5 192
room on the top floor, overlooking the internal 2 three 6 breakfast
courtyard. Please quote the reservation number TJ555
on arrival. 9 Possible answers:
With regards to your request for a walking tour, we 1 How may I help you
have booked a tour with the company Verona on Foot 2 How many people is the booking for
which has an excellent reputation and very
knowledgeable guides. The cost for a 3 ½ walking tour
3 When is that for
for two people is €85 euro, payable on the day. 4 Could you tell me the room rate, please
5 we have two rooms available for that period
We appreciate having you as a guest and are sure you
will have an enjoyable stay.
6 send you an email straightaway

Yours sincerely, 10 Personal answers

Melania Lepri
11 Sample answer:
A = Receptionist, B = Customer
7 Personal answer
A Good morning. Seasons. Jane speaking. How
8 2.05 can I help you?
B Good morning. Can I make a booking for a
A = Customer, B = Owner two-bedroomed bungalow?
A Of course. When is that for?
A Good Morning, is that Ms Gulliver? This is Harry
B For 10th August.
Green. We’ve been in contact by email.
A And how long will you be staying?
B Yes, Mr Green. I remember. How can I help you?
B One week.
A Well, I’d like to make a booking.
A OK. One moment please, I’ll just check the
B Of course. When will you be arriving?
availability.
A My partner and I will arrive on the 27th and
B OK.
want to stay three nights.
A What kind of bungalow would you like?
B The 27th of this month?
B One away from the pool and entertainment
A Yes.
areas so it is quiet.
B OK, so the 27th of October for three nights. I’ve
A We have a superior bungalow available. The
got the ground floor room available, which
cost is £435.
has a lovely view of the garden.
B I saw on your website that the cost was £395.
A That sounds perfect. It’s en-suite, isn’t it?
A Just a moment. Yes, that is the rate for a
B Yes, with a shower.
standard bungalow which is close to the
A The price is £64 per night, as you said in your
clubhouse. A superior bungalow is in the
email?
garden area so will be quieter as you requested.
B That’s right. So £192 in total. You can pay by
B What else do you have available?
cash, debit or credit card when you arrive.
A There is a deluxe bungalow, close to the beach,
Thank you for your call.
at £480.
A Oh, just one other thing. What time do you
B No, that’s too expensive. What about for the
serve breakfast?
week starting 3rd August?
B It’s from 7.45 to 9.00.
A We only have deluxe bungalows available for
A Would it be possible to have an early breakfast
that week, sorry.
on the last morning? We need to set off before
B OK. Can I book the superior bungalow, please?
eight, so that doesn’t give us much time.
A Of course. Can I take your name and credit card
B Yes, I can do breakfast for about 7.30 if that’s
details? And I’ll send you confirmation by email.
OK. Just remind me when you get here.
B Yes of course.
A Thanks, I will do.

Accommodation | U N I T 6 183
 Pages 192-193 Can we change the booking? I really can’t go
with Sally anymore after what she said to me.
1 Possible answers: I felt like cancelling the whole thing but why
illness, change of plans (work or personal), missed should I when it’s her…
flight/train A Spare me the details! I don’t want to know. You
A hotel can have charges for cancellations or could know there will be an administrative fee to pay if
overbook rooms, like airlines do with flights. you make any changes to the booking, don’t you?
It’s usually between 60 and 100 pounds. I’ll need
to check the exact conditions for your package.
2 1F 2T 3T 4F 5T 6F B Why do I need to pay? Can’t you just change
1 Hotels allow same-day cancellations in certain the name on all the documents?
conditions, especially if booked directly. A No, I have to contact the tour operator. It has
4 Companies might offer a full refund if the to be done officially, not so much for the
change is considered something major. accommodation, but for the airline. They will
6 You won't be charged if you cancel before have to reissue the ticket in the new name –
1 p.m. you can’t have a different passenger turn up at
the airport and expect to fly without any
3 1f 2h 3d 4a 5g 6c 7b 8e problem. It would be a huge security risk.
B Well, I can’t afford to pay £100. What can we do?
4 1 I am writing with regard to the booking A As I said, I’m not sure of the exact amount yet
reference no. 25LZ of 11th May. as I need to check the tour operator’s terms
2 Regrettably I have to cancel one of the double and conditions.
rooms in the name of Mr and Mrs Incampo. B Can you ring them and get them to change it
3 This is due to health problems and they will no without any charge?
longer be able to travel. A There’s no need for me to call them yet. Let me
4 The booking for the remaining 3 double rooms check the contract and see what it says and
remains unchanged. / Could you kindly then I’ll call you back and let you know.
arrange for the refund, minus the £25 fee as I promise I’ll find a solution for you, but I’m
per your cancellation policy, to be credited to more concerned about the fact that you’ll
my account? change your mind again.
5 Could you kindly arrange for the refund, minus B I won’t. Will you call me later today?
the £25 fee as per your cancellation policy, to A Yes, of course. It’s a good job we’ve been
be credited to my account? / The booking for friends for a long time: I don’t think another
the remaining 3 double rooms remains travel agent would be this patient with you.
unchanged. B I know. You are wonderful, Thomas.
6 I apologise for any inconvenience this may
cause and thank you for your understanding.
1T 2F 3F 4T 5T 6F
5 2.06
6 Personal answers
A = Thomas, Gulliver’s Travel, B = Lucy Cavendish
7 Sample answer:
A Gulliver’s Travel. Thomas speaking. How can
I help you?
B Hello, Thomas. It’s Lucy. I’ve got a bit of a Dear Ms De Santis,
problem regarding my holiday.
We are sorry to hear of the health problems of two of
A Another one? You only booked the holiday last your clients. As per you request, we have cancelled
month. It’s April now and you’ve already one double room on the booking 25LZ of 11th May. The
phoned me three times with various problems. refund, minus the £25 cancellation fee, will be credited
Why did you book a holiday as early as March to your bank account within the next 7 working days.
if you weren’t sure? You’re not leaving until the We can confirm that the other details of the booking
end of August! remain the same.
B Sorry, Thomas. But I’ve fallen out with Sally and Yours sincerely,
I’ve decided I want to go with another friend.
Amy Rossiter

184 U NI T 6 | Accommodation
8 Personal answer Page 195
9 Personal answer 1 Possible answers:
to ask for information about meal times/the location
Page 194 of something within the resort, to request towels/
extra bathroom supplies, to ask for something to be
1 fixed, to complain about something

A = Receptionist, B = Guest 1, C = Guest 2 2 1c 2e 3a 4b 5d

A Good afternoon. Welcome to the Royal.
B Good afternoon. I have a booking in the name of EXPLORE GRAMMAR
Ryan Goodwin.
A That’s right, Mr Goodwin. You called yesterday. 1 1 I’ll explain it to you.
A double room on the quiet floor for 2 nights. 2 We’ll have the chicken soup, please.
B That’s it. 3 I’ll be with you in just a moment.
A Are you here on business? 4 I’ll check the information pack.
B Yes. Yes, I am. 5 I’ll show you the brochure.
A I hope you have enough free time to visit our
beautiful city.
B I doubt it I’m afraid. Video tutorial
A That’s a shame. May I ask for a credit card?
In the FLIP BOOK, you can find a Video tutorial
B Of course, here you are.
about the use of will.
A Thank you. OK. Here’s your room card. It’s on the
fourth floor. The lifts are over there. Turn left
when you get out of the lift. 3 Possible answers – First conversation:
B Thank you.
A Would you like any help with your luggage? A How can I help you?
B No, I’m fine, thank you. B I’m sorry, but I’ve just been to the pool and
R Enjoy your stay with us. Good afternoon, Ms there are no sun loungers available. What am I
Walters. Sorry to keep you waiting. How lovely to supposed to do?
see you again. I’ve got your reservation here, a A Every room has two allocated sun loungers, so
junior suite on the fifth floor, overlooking the river. there should be two for you. Let me call the
C Overlooking the river? No, I don’t think so, dear. pool assistant and I’ll see what the problem is.
I want a better view. Give me something on the Unfortunately sometimes people move the sun
top floor. loungers or just leave their towel on them all
A Just a moment, Ms Walters. I’ll check what’s day while they are out.
available… Would the deluxe suite on the tenth B I see. It’s very inconsiderate.
floor be suitable? The views are across the park A I appreciate that. I’ll sort it out straightaway for
and downtown. you.
C That would be perfect. Thank you.
A You’re welcome. I’ll call the porter to take your
Pages 196-197
luggage up to your room. Here’s your room card.
Have a good stay and please let us know if we
1 Possible answers:
can be of assistance.
A noisy room above the hotel disco
1 on the phone 4 does not need A hotel room/holiday rental that has not been
2 friendly 5 regular cleaned
3 credit card 6 the park A holiday rental that is not as advertised (smaller,
not enough beds, no pool, etc.)
2 Personal answers Bad service/food
Something that doesn’t work (appliances in a
holiday rental, air conditioning, etc.)
A leaky bungalow/caravan

Accommodation | U N I T 6 185
 2 Possible answers: Furthermore, my clients were extremely concerned
1 If you resolve a problem during the guest’s about the levels of hygiene regarding the preparation
stay, you can turn a potentially negative and serving of the buffet food. They repeatedly saw
staff handling food on the buffet tables with bare
situation into a positive one. You will make the
hands. Luckily neither of them was ill, but this was just
guest happy by resolving the issue and they thanks to their caution about what they chose to eat.
will enjoy the rest of their stay, and therefore
I strongly feel this kind of service is completely
be positive about your hotel or resort.
unacceptable in a resort of your level and, as well as
2 A travel agent is used to dealing with your most sincere apologies, I believe suitable
complaints and problems. They will probably compensation should be offered to my clients.
know your rights and what is suitable
I look forward to hearing from you shortly.
compensation to request. In addition, it can be
seen as a part of their service to the customer Yours sincerely,
– to deal with the whole holiday and any Giulio Mancini
situations arising from it.
3 I think complaining in writing is more effective
as you can stay calm and take your time to 5 Personal answer
explain everything you want to say. On the
phone you could be forced to accept a
Pages 198-199
solution quickly without having had time to
consider the matter.
4 I think she is justified in complaining as an Possible answer:
important fact like a shared or private pool tripadvisor.com, booking.com, airbnb.com, trivago.com and
should be clearly pointed out and not just many of the other portals for booking accommodation.
written in small print somewhere. However, it is
a bit of an exaggeration to say they couldn’t
enjoy their holiday at all given that they did 1 • They should have people monitoring social
have use of a pool. media, also using automatic alerts.
5 The response is good from a PR point of view. • They should reply quickly.
They offer a voucher just to keep the client • The people should have good marketing and
happy, but it is not for a huge discount so won’t communication skills so they can be
impact the company much at all. They were not empathetic.
obliged to do this because they are not at fault. • They should have the power and ability to
solve problems.
3 1 However 5 In spite of • They should research the background of the
2 Consequently/As a 6 Instead person making the complaint to see if the
result 7 Therefore complaint is genuine.
3 In addition 8 otherwise
4 Consequently/As a 2 Possible answers:
result 1 I think they are genuine complaints, although
the second one is more of an opportunity for
4 Sample answer: the person to vent their anger and
dissatisfaction with the company.
2 The first one has been handled well and in a
Dear Mr Sanchez,
professional manner, also by using the direct
I am writing to make a formal complaint on behalf of messaging service so no-one else sees the
my clients Mr and Mrs Rossi, who stayed in your resort exact details. The second one is just an
from 8th to 15th April. I was very concerned when they
automatic response with no thought put into it
contacted me on their return and described their
experience with you. at all.
3 The second one should be more personal. The
Firstly, the service from the staff was not what they
customer complains about the customer
expected from a four-star resort, part of an
international chain, and one which I had personally service and is just told to contact customer
recommended for the level of attention to guests. service, which makes no sense. They should
The staff were impolite, and very unhelpful with my have apologised and asked for details.
any requests.

186 U NI T 6 | Accommodation
3 Sample answers: Pages 200-201
Customer A 1 1 business 7 serviced
2 luxury apartments
@TRHotel. Waiting for room service for over 40
minutes. I think my hotel snack of nachos is being 3 Micro 8 airport
delivered from Mexico not the hotel kitchen. 4 boutique 9 bed and breakfast
5 motels 10 franchises
#slowroomservice
6 Resort

Customer B
2 1 safe 4 dormitory
2 minibar 5 valet
Really disappointed with my hotel room. I booked a 3 adjoining/ 6 bellboy/porter
superior room for my weekend away and the room is
connecting
just dire. Peeling paint, old furniture and what’s more a
view of a brick wall and not the city skyline. Sad.
3 FCE Reading and Use of English Part 1
4 Sample answers: 1D 2A 3A 4B 5C 6D 7B 8C

Customer A
4 1 restaurant 4 furniture
2 meal 5 stay
Sorry about the wait. It’s on its way now with a 3 bed
complimentary beer and sombrero.

Customer B
Pages 202-203
Sorry to hear you’re not satisfied with your room. 1 1 villa 4 barbecue
Please call down to reception and they’ll see if they 2 studio flat 5 hot tub/whirlpool
can find you a more satisfactory room so you can
3 tent 6 chalet
enjoy your stay with us.

2 1 campsite 4 up
2 bag 5 playground
5 Possible answers:
3 houseboat 6 Pitches
1 The guest was really pleased with the
comfortable bed and the helpful staff.
2 The reply is suitable as it thanks the guest for 3 FCE Reading and Use of English Part 1
the review. 1B 2D 3A 4A 5C 6D 7B 8C
3 The guest was not satisfied with the hotel as
the staff had mixed up the reservations and 4 1 tent 4 villa
the two couples were not able to stay 2 cottage 5 campsite
together, and their room for the first three 3 garden
days was of a different category. Furthermore,
the food was not very good.
4 The reply acknowledges the complaint and Pages 204-205
apologises straightaway. To put the resort in a
positive light, he states how they are improving 1 ES
the reception and check-in procedures as a way 1 Because holidays in popular destinations such
to reassure other guests that it won’t happen as Rome, Florence or Venice aren’t very relaxing
again. He also says that there are already and people prefer the more authentic experience
regular inspections on the quality and standard of Italy you can get in the countryside.
of service, but that he will increase them. 2 Due to its past as an ‘agrarian society,
flourishing city-states, and feudal rulers’, there
COMPITO DI REALTÀ are many examples of art, architecture and
craftsmanship in Italy’s countryside.
For further information about Compiti di realtà, 3 You should expect a mixture of modern
see pages 16-17. comfort and past charm, peace and quiet,

Accommodation | U N I T 6 187
 clean air and great hospitality, with facilities
such as air conditioning, elegant bathrooms or A OK… how often is it cleaned?
a swimming pool in the garden. B There is no cleaning service during your stay.
4 Legally speaking the tourist part of the We hand over the cottage in a pristine state
agritourism should be secondary to the when you arrive and then it will be cleaned
agricultural side, like wine-making, extra virgin after you leave. We always leave some cleaning
olive oil, fruit or vegetable crops, or raising supplies and things like washing-up liquid and
livestock. But in reality, the term is often used detergent for guests to use
for this kind of traditional accommodation in A What other facilities are there in the property?
the countryside. B Well, there’s free Wi-Fi. And in the kitchen
5 The food and wine will be good, mostly made there’s a washing machine and a microwave.
from locally-sourced, organic ingredients, with There is a lovely open fire in the living room,
zero food miles. which is great in the evenings.
6 You can find agritourism accommodation A What can we do in the local area?
advertised online and endorsed by the B The cottage is right by the river, which is great
personal testimonials of previous guests, listed for exploring, and there are a couple of local
by region, type, price, board, specialist activity shops and quite a nice pub within walking
or offers. distance. For everything else, it’s about a
twenty-minute drive to the nearest town.
2 Personal answers A You’ve been really helpful, thank you.
B You’re welcome.
3 2.07

A = Customer, B = Holiday rental agent Bluebell Holiday Cottage

A Could I have some information about Bluebell sleeps: 5 number of bedrooms: 2
Cottage, please? .
number of bathrooms: 1 changeover day: Saturday
B Yes, of course. What would you like to know?
A How many people does it sleep? on site parking n
✓ wheelchair accessible n
✓
B There’s room for five people. It’s got two pets allowed n cleaning n
double bedrooms and a comfortable sofa bed air conditioning n free Wi-Fi n
✓
in the living room. There’s plenty of space.
washing machine n ✓ microwave n ✓
A How many bathrooms are there?
open fire n
✓ pool n
B There’s just one bathroom. It’s got both a bath
and a separate shower. local amenities: shops n
✓ restaurant n pub n
✓
A I see. How long do you rent it for?
park n public transport n
B We rent it for a week at a time and the
changeover day is Saturday. You can arrive any
time after 3 p.m. and we ask you to leave by
10.30 a.m. on the day of the departure.
4 2.07

A I see. That sounds reasonable. Is there on-site 1 Could I have some information
parking? 2 does it sleep
B Yes, there is for one medium-sized car. You can 3 How many bathrooms
usually find some parking spaces in the street 4 How long
too. 5 Is there
A We’ll only have the one car so that won’t be a 6 Could you tell me if
problem. Could you tell me if it’s wheelchair 7 Do you allow
accessible? My father-in-law might visit us and 8 How often
he’s in a wheelchair. 9 What other facilities
B Yes, all the accommodation is on the ground 10 What can we do
floor so perfectly accessible. There are two
steps up to the front door, but we have a 5 Sample answer:
removable ramp.
A Oh and do you allow pets? Our agritourism is set in the heart of the
B No, I’m afraid we don’t. beautiful countryside of Tuscany, just a short
drive from the picturesque town of Cortona.

188 U NI T 6 | Accommodation
 The rustic farmhouse has been carefully restored
to maintain its original features while offering all B That would be fantastic, thanks… the kids are
modern comforts. Each of the five double rooms already driving us crazy!
has wooden beams, terracotta floors, a four A No problem!
poster bed and is tastefully decorated with a
selection of antiques. We also have two larger 8 Personal answers
rooms, suitable for families with two children. All
rooms have air conditioning and heating. There
is a large living area, with an open fire, sofas and
plenty of reading material on the history and
culture of Tuscany, and an outdoor pool, open
from June to September.
All the food served in our restaurant comes from
our organic farm, or local producers, and is the
best quality, seasonal produce. To complete your
stay, why not try one of our cookery courses or
explore the countryside on horseback with our
guide?

6 Personal answers

7
A = Staff member, B = Guest
A Are you alright? Can I help you?
B Oh, hello! Yes, thanks. I’d like some extra towels
for the pool, please.
A Certainly. Beach towels are available from the
reception desk.
B OK, thanks… What activities are planned for this
evening?
A We’re serving a welcome cocktail in the bar.
Please join us, it will be lots of fun.
B Thank you, we might do that. Oh, I’d like some
information about this week’s tours…
A Here’s a list of tours that we have got planned for
this week.
B What’s on tomorrow?
A In the morning, we’ve got a trip to the local
market.
B Do I need to book in advance?
A Yes, you do. We need to know by lunchtime
today if you want to come on the tour.
B And what about the kids’ club? How do I register
my children for it?
A You can book all the children’s activities directly
with the entertainment officer.
B Great!
A Is there anything else I can help you with?
B Yes, there is just one thing… We can’t seem to get
the TV to work in the children’s room.
A I’ll get the maintenance department to come and
fix it for you now.

Accommodation | U N I T 6 189
TOURISM CASE STUDY Helping a hotel in difficulty
Pages 206-207 Students need to consider how much money might
be needed for the different proposals and the ways
* Note that the hotel and the town of Tillsford are the hotel could raise this amount (bank loan,
invented for the purposes of the case study. remortgage the property, selling part of the
business), as well as what they would need to do for
Background this (e.g. prepare a business plan, contact different
The hotel is located in the town of Tillsford, England. banks and lenders). It is essential to consider
The area is popular because it is near to Stratford- whether the three members of the family are able to
upon-Avon and the Cotswolds, which attract a lot of implement these changes alone or whether they
tourists. The hotel is a family-run business, with 15 need to use consultants and experts (web designer,
rooms and a restaurant, located in a historical digital marketing expert, interior designer,
building not far from the high street of the town. accountant, etc). The time scale for the changes is
also important if the hotel is to be ready for the next
tourist season in four months’ time. They should
Case presentation consider short term and longer term projects too.
The hotel hasn’t had a lot of business and the
number of guests is continuing to fall. They are in Step three
debt. Other hotels have an occupancy rate which is
Personal answers
more than double that of Swallow Hotel.
Dirk, who set up the business, is in his seventies and Step four
is in control of all decisions. Personal answers
His daughter, Liz, is 32. She studied Tourism at
university and worked in a large hotel in Edinburgh. Outcome
She has been working at the family hotel for two Personal answers
years.
Gavin, the son, is 27 and a trained chef. He is in
charge of the restaurant.

Case analysis
Step one
Possible answers:

• Liz ’s degree and work experience • Dirk's age

• new image and menu of restaurant • the old interior and furnishings
• location near tourist attractions • incomplete website
• position within walking distance of the • insufficient parking
town centre
• outside terrace area S W
• long tourist season O T • competition from other hotels and
• good road and rail connections B&Bs

Step two
Students should analyse carefully all the information
presented in the case study so far, and in particular
the SWOT analysis they prepared in Step one, in
order to decide what areas should be changed or
improved first.

190 TO URI SM CASE ST UDY | Helping a hotel in difficulty

 Map your knowledge REVIEW SECTION B

Page 208
Map your knowledge
This page is a revision guide of the main topics and
key words for units 4, 5 and 6. In the FLIP BOOK,
the maps are extended further on some points and
there is a short audio text for each point. The maps
can be used individually at the end of each unit or
all together at the end of the section.
Listening to these short summaries of the key terms
and ideas is a useful revision tool before class and
oral tests. Weaker students can read the texts while
listening to improve comprehension. They can also
be used as a visual reminder, and students can add
their own notes or comments.

Extra activity: Speaking/Writing

Before listening to/reading the texts for the first
time, divide the students into pairs or small groups.
Each should be given one of the blue headings on
the map, or one of the sub-categories depending on
the size of the group/scope of the category. They
should prepare a short explanation or summary for
the topic/key word given. When finished, the pairs
with the same heading/category can compare their
ideas or it can be done together as a class. Students
can then listen to/read the texts and compare what
information they included/didn’t include.

Go to page 257 for the extended maps and the audio

texts.

Map your knowledge | R EV I EW S EC TI O N B 191

 UNIT 7 Explore Italy
Pages 210-211 2 serious political and economic crises
3 the fascist movement, prime minister in 1922
1 Tevere and Monte Cervino. 4 June 1940, Nazi Germany
5 a republic
6 cars, scooters and electrical goods
They are the Republic of San Marino and Vatican City.
7 taxes were low, labour was not expensive and it
was easy to borrow money
2 1 The land borders are France, Switzerland, Austria 8 discrimination against workers, injuries and deaths,
and Slovenia. The sea borders are the environmental damage
Mediterranean (Adriatic, Tyrrhenian, Ionian and
Ligurian seas). 2 ES
2 The major mountain ranges are the Alps and the
1 The Treaty of Rome was an agreement which set
Dolomites in the north and the Apennines running
up the European Economic Community. It was
down the centre of the country.
signed by Italy, France, the Netherlands, Belgium,
3 The climate is temperate but there is quite a
West Germany and Luxembourg.
difference between north and south.
2 They were unhappy as they felt it was unfair and
4 The central and southern Apennines have more
that it caused prices to double.
seismic activity.
3 It has caused difficulties for Italy as there is a lack
5 The Italian parliament has two chambers: the
of money and welfare system to deal with the huge
Chamber of Deputies and the Senate.
numbers, and the EU has not always been seen as
6 He or she is elected by Parliament and
handling the situation correctly.
representatives of the 20 regions.
4-8 Personal answers

Pages 212-213 3 FCE Writing Part 2

Personal answers
1 Possible answers:
It’s quite important to know something about the
Online worksheet
history of a country, especially if you are interested
in historical and cultural aspects. For example, in You can download the worksheet The Marshall
Italy knowing about the Roman Empire and its Plan from our website www.elilaspigaedizioni.it
architecture would help visitors understand places in the section called Explore.
like Rome and Pompeii, or the Renaissance for
places like Florence and art but you don’t need to
be an expert.
Pages 216-217
2 1T 2T 3F 4T 5F 6T 7F 8F 1 1 You should be respectfully dressed with shoulders
and knees covered.
3 It conquered the north of Europe, Greece, Spain, 2 It is a good idea because credit cards are not
parts of North Africa and Asia minor. accepted everywhere so it is easier to pay in cash.
5 There were foreign invasions and struggles for 3 To drive in Italy, visitors must have an EU or
power between them and the popes who had been international driving licence.
trying to set up a papal state. 4 Agritourisms are popular because they are often in
7 It suffered and went into decline as it lost its beautiful and tranquil settings and in traditional
importance as a trade route. country homes or farmhouses. Italian food is
8 It was the name given to the movement that popular with tourists because of the huge variety
wanted to reform and unite the country. of specialities and the quality of the food.
5 There is the problem of not having liquids of over
more than 100ml in your hand luggage, so bottles
Pages 214-215 of wine and olive oil, for example, would have to be
in the hold luggage. In addition, some countries
1 1 the Triple Entente, Austria-Hungary have strict laws on importing foodstuffs.

192 U NI T 7 | Explore Italy

 6 If you have an emergency you should phone 113,
early sixteenth century. Legend has it that the trulli
but you can also call 112 for the police, 115 for the
were built out of dry stone without using mortar,
Fire Brigade or 118 for an ambulance.
so that the families did not need to pay urban
construction tax on their homes as they were
2 Sample answer:
considered unstable and temporary.
For ancient history, you must visit Rome and its
Roman monuments, but also places like Pompeii
and Herculaneum. Naturally, Italy is the perfect 1 1c 2f 3b 4d 5a 6e
place for art lovers with famous museums like the
Vatican Museums, the Uffizi in Florence and the 2 2.08 FCE Listening Part 2
Gallerie dell’Accademia in Venice, but even small
towns often have surprising collections in their art
The town of Taormina on the east coast of Sicily
galleries which are worth visiting. The country is
has long been a popular destination with
also a great destination for nature lovers and
international tourists. It was a must-see
outdoor enthusiasts with superb skiing and
destination on the Grand Tour during the 19th
climbing in the Alps and Dolomites, wild national
century; the writer D.H. Lawrence lived there for
parks and a fantastic coastline. You can try scuba
three years in the 1920s; it was the location of
diving in Sicily, swimming in the crystal clear
the 2017 G7 summit of world leaders. In spite of
waters of Sardinia and sailing on the magnificent
the huge number of visitors, the town still
Lake Garda.
maintains its charm with a traffic-free main
street, small squares overlooked by flower-filled
3 Personal answers balconies, a decaying castle and, of course, the
Greek theatre with views that are nearly as
Online worksheet spectacular as the ruins of the theatre. In fact,
You can download the worksheet Eating out in from its position perched on the steep cliffs, you
Italy from our website www.elilaspigaedizioni.it have a panoramic view of Mount Etna, the
in the section called Explore. Sicilian coastline down to Syracuse, and across
the sea to southern Calabria. Most of the theatre
that you see today dates from the Roman period
and the end of the first century AD when the
Pages 218-219 theatre was converted to make room for
gladiatorial battles. However, it was actually the
Greeks who first built the theatre in the third
Explore the map century BC. Operas and concerts are held here
In the FLIP BOOK, you can find an interactive map during the summer months.
with information and multimedia material on some There are several wonderful beaches close by
of the most important and popular tourist and to reach those just below the town, you can
attractions. walk down the steep steps, take a bus or a
10-minute ride on a cable car that will take you
almost to the sea. Isola Bella is a tiny islet, now a
Possible answer: protected nature reserve, which is connected by
Trabucchi are wooden structures anchored onto the rocks a shingle beach at low tide and is full of luxurious
a few metres above the sea with a kind of platform and vegetation and surrounded by crystal clear
hut. They have long arms that jut out into the sea which are water. There are plenty of lidos, with sun beds
used for attaching fishing nets. Many of them have been and umbrellas, as well as bars and trattorias
transformed into restaurants. serving local fresh fish and the Sicilian speciality
of granita, a flavoured, crushed ice drink.
During the summer months, the town is packed.
It is nearly impossible to find somewhere to stay,
Background information
the prices are high and you’ll struggle to find
The trulli of Alberobello have been a UNESCO enough space for your towel on the beach. For a
World Heritage site since 1996. These characteristic more relaxed experience, try visiting in May when
structures, built in local limestone, date back to the the weather has already warmed up but the

Explore Italy | U N I T 7 193

 crowds have not yet descended, or in September 3 2.09 FCE Listening Part 2
when most tourists have left. These periods are
also the best for visiting Mount Etna, one of the The Apennines are a fantastic area of Italy and
most active volcanoes in the world. In the winter I’ve been taking Italian and foreign visitors on
you can actually ski on the volcano, but the rest treks around the national parks for over 15 years,
of the year you can hike or take a 4-wheel drive showing them the nature, incredible landscapes,
tour to explore the area and marvel at the lunar views, history and culture of the many mountain
landscapes of the barren, black lava slopes. localities. As you probably know, the highest
There’s also the chance to visit the woods, peak of the Apennines is the Gran Sasso massif
vineyards and fields of the surrounding area and ‑ with Capo Corno at 2,912 metres ‑ in the Gran
to taste some of the local products. Sasso National Park. The dizzying summits, rocky
walls, waterfalls, lakes, forests and grasslands
combine to provide some of the most
1 Grand Tour 4 cable car
breathtaking scenery you can imagine. The area
2 views 5 May, September
is dotted with testaments to its sheep farming
3 3rd century BC 6 lunar landscapes
past with drystone walls, shelters for shepherds
while they were looking after their sheep and
3 Personal answers little rupestrian churches on the hillsides. The
medieval villages preserve their original
4 Personal answers appearance and are almost perfectly integrated
with nature. At an altitude of between 1,500 and
1,900 metres above sea level, Campo Imperatore
Page 220 is a grassland plateau, the largest and most
imposing of the Apennines. This vast area has
1 Personal answers several rare species of flowering plants and is
extremely popular in the summer as the ideal
Possible answer: place for biking excursions, with many trails of
different levels of difficulty. If we move from
A rifugio is a kind of mountain hut located in remote, isolated
Abruzzo into Tuscany, one of the most popular
mountainous areas, usually only reached on foot. These
places is Abetone. Many Italians know Abetone
places are designed to provide shelter and food for climbers
as a ski resort, but it is actually also well known
and hikers. They are usually very simple and spartan.
for the cultivation of wild blueberries and other
fruits of the forest like raspberries, blackberries
and blackcurrants, as well as mushrooms and
2 VALLE D’AOSTA chestnuts in the autumn. Winter visitors looking
summer: cable car from Cormayeur to Chamonix, for decent skiing won’t be disappointed as there
cable car up Mont Blanc, visiting the are many facilities and 50km of slopes. Skiing is
castles near Aosta, walking and trekking also popular in quite a few resorts in the Lazio
in Gran Paradiso National Park, staying in region, but before that I’d like to say something
the rifugi about the wildlife that you can find in the
Apennines, including many examples that are
winter: skiing in Courmayeur and other resorts,
exclusive to the area and others that risk
cable car up Mont Blanc
extinction unless we introduce protection
DOLOMITES programmes, as we have done with the Abruzzo
summer: climbing the vie ferrate, walking through chamois. Exploring the area of Monti Ernici, for
forests and meadows, taking the cable example, with a guide, you will come across
car at Sass Pordoi, admiring the sunset many rare examples of flora and fauna such as
and colours bears, wolves, golden eagles and plants such as
edelweiss and gentian. It’s vital we protect the
winter: skiing in famous resorts like Cortina,
habitat of these animals and plants for future
watching professional ski competitions
generations so we need to pay attention to even
the most simple gesture like picking a bunch of
wild flowers which has so many negative effects.

194 U NI T 7 | Explore Italy

 But back to winter sports, and one of the most
2 Personal answers
popular resorts for these activities in Lazio is
Monte Terminillo, only 80 kilometres from Rome
and so perfect for locals to have a day out on the
Pages 222-225
slopes. There are plenty of hotels, apartments to
rent, ski schools and entertainment for visitors
Explore the map
who decide to stay for a few days and, even if
there is not a lot of snow, you’ll still be able to do In the FLIP BOOK, you can find an interactive map
some skiing as 4km of the slopes are covered with information and multimedia material on some
with artificial snow if necessary. of the most important and popular tourist
attractions.

1 highest 6 50km
2 shepherds 7 species 1 Personal answers
3 grassland 8 wolves
4 biking 9 winter sports
The other six hills of Rome are:
5 blueberries 10 artificial snow
Aventine Hill (Latin: Aventinus; Italian: Aventino)
Caelian Hill (Cælius, Celio)
Extra activity: Internet research & Writing Capitoline Hill (Capitolinus, Campidoglio)
In small groups, students should choose a Esquiline Hill (Esquilinus, Esquilino)
mountain resort/area in Italy and find out about Palatine Hill (Palatinus, Palatino)
the activities and places to visit in both summer Quirinal Hill (Quirinalis, Quirinale)
and winter. Then they prepare a short description Viminal Hill (Viminalis, Viminale)
to promote the resort to one of the following:
The Romantic Poets John Keats and Percy Bysshe Shelley
• a winter holiday for a group of non-skiers;
are associated with Piazza di Spagna, as Keats lived in the
• a summer holiday for a group of teenagers with
area and died there in 1821.
special needs and their carers.

Background information
Page 221 The Keats-Shelley Memorial House, located in a
building in the east of Piazza di Spagna, is a
Lake Garda is situated in Lombardia, Trentino-Alto Adige writer’s house museum which commemorates the
and Veneto. Popular places are Desenzano del Garda, British Romantic poets John Keats and Percy
Sirmione, Lazise, Malcesine, Peschiera del Garda and Riva Bysshe Shelley. It houses an extensive collection of
del Garda. memorabilia, letters, manuscripts and paintings
relating to Keats and Shelley, as well as other
writers and poets. Keats, who was dying of
1 1 It is forked with two arms.
tuberculosis, went to Rome in November 1820 in
2 There are mountains and hillsides around the lake
the hope that the warmer climate would improve
which are covered with trees, and on the lakeside
his health. He was accompanied by the artist
there are many imposing villas.
Joseph Severn, who looked after Keats until his
3 From Stresa you can take the cable car up the
death at age twenty-five on 23 February 1821. Both
Mottarone Mountain to admire the view or you can
Keats and Shelley are buried in the Protestant
go on a boat trip to see the Borromean Islands.
Cemetery in Rome.
4 At Villa Taranto you can see many rare and tropical
plants in the beautiful gardens.
5 It attracts a lot of tourists because of the climate,
and the history, culture and activities the lake and
2 Sample answers:
surrounding area offer. Roman monuments (still standing)
6 It’s on the eastern side of Lake Orta and is very Pantheon – 27 BC and rebuilt 125 AD
romantic, with a square by the water, and narrow Colosseum – Flavian Amphitheatre 72 AD, used for
cobbled lanes. gladiator fights, three levels with underground
chambers

Explore Italy | U N I T 7 195

 Roman Ruins 1 It was designed by Niccolò Salvi.
Forum – remains of temples, basilicas, public squares, 2 One side is against a building, so you can’t walk all
the senate (curia) the way around it.
Fori Imperiali – Trajan Forum and Trajan’s Markets 4 There is the Galleria Borghese which is a very
– remains of shops and arcades interesting museum to visit.
Baths of Caracalla – bathhouse with mosaics 6 It is the largest.
Fountains
Fontana dei Quatto Fiumi, Piazza Navona, designed 5 2.10 FCE Listening Part 2
by Bernini
Fontana Barcaccia, shaped like a boat, Piazza Spagna, The Capitoline Museums in Rome house some of
designed by Bernini’s father the city’s most important ancient sculpture and
Artists and architects art. The creation of the museums can be traced
Bernini – Fontana dei Quattro Fiumi back to 1471 when Pope Sixtus IV donated a group
Raphael – tomb in the Pantheon of bronze statues to the people of Rome. The
Borromini – designed façade of Sant’Agnese in Agone museums are located in Piazza del Campidoglio
in Piazza Navona which can be reached by a wide and gently rising
Churches set of steps with statues of Castor and Pollux at
Trinita dei Monti – 16th century, top of Spanish steps the top. The elegant square, a trapezoidal shape,
Pantheon – was a temple, consecrated in 608, was designed by Michelangelo but it was not
particular design with dome and oculus actually completed until the late 17th century.
Sant’Agnese in Agone – Piazza Navona, mid-17th Housed in two buildings, Palazzo dei Conservatori
century and Palazzo Nuovo, which have identical façades
Basilica of San Sebastiano over the catacombs and are linked by an underground walkway, the
Shopping museums contain treasures such as the so-called
Via Condotti – designer boutiques Spinario or Boy with Thorn, a bronze statue of a
Via del Corso – mix of shops, long road, busy boy removing a thorn from his foot, and the
Capitoline Venus, a marble statue of Venus, nude
3 Sample answer: and in contemplation after a bath. One of the most
recognisable exhibits for many is the she-wolf
The Fontana dei Quattro Fiumi (Fountain of the Four
nursing the mythical founders of the city, Romulus
Rivers) is a famous fountain which is located in Piazza
and Remus, a bronze statue probably dating back
Navona in Rome, Italy. Pope Innocent X commissioned
to the fifth century BC.
Gian Lorenzo Bernini to create the fountain to be
A glass covered great court, reminiscent of the
placed as the centerpiece of the square, which was
one in the British Museum in London, is the perfect
home to the Pope’s family palace, Palazzo Pamphilj. In
exhibition space for the original statue of Emperor
the centre of the basin there are travertine rocks
Marcus Aurelius astride his horse – the one outside
which support the four river gods and above them
in the piazza is a copy – and a bronze statue of
there is an ancient Egyptian obelisk with the Pamphilj
Hercules. It is possible to see a part of the original
family emblem of a dove. The fountain depicts the
foundations and a wall from the Temple of Jupiter
gods of the four major rivers known at that time:
which once stood on the Capitoline Hill. In an
the Nile in Africa, the Danube in Europe, the Ganges in
external courtyard, you can admire the foot and
Asia and the Río de la Plata in America. The fountain
hand, as well as other body parts, of the Colossus
is enriched with sculptures of animals like a sea
of Constantine, a giant statue of the Roman
monster, a crocodile, a dolphin and a serpent. It is a
emperor carved from white marble. The museums
dramatic and theatrical piece. The rivalry between
are open every day, apart from certain national
Berninin and Borromini is well-known, and this has
holidays, and there is a café and bookshop on site.
given rise to the legend that Berninin’s statue
Tickets currently cost €15, with reductions for
representing the Nile is hiding his head so as not to
children, groups and residents of Rome.
see the façade of the church of Sant’Agnese in Agone,
which was designed by Borromini. In actual fact the
1 set of steps 4 bronze statue
façade of the church was completed well after the
2 17th century 5 original
fountain was unveiled in 1651.
3 identical 6 foot, hand
4 1F 2F 3T 4F 5T 6F
6 Personal answers

196 U NI T 7 | Explore Italy

7 1 It became a sovereign state in 1929.
before going to Burano. So, in total we’re looking
2 The peculiarity is that they all line up when you
at about five hours, meaning we’ll be back by
stand in a certain position in the square.
around 3 o’clock.
3 He decided to build a church here because it was
Murano, as I’m sure many of you know, is famous
supposedly the burial place of St Peter.
for its glass-blowing industry. Glass blowing has
4 The architects involved were Bramante,
taken place on the island since the late thirteenth
Michelangelo and Maderno.
century, when the glass blowers and furnaces were
5 A baldachin is a canopy which covers an altar.
moved from the main islands of Venice due to
In St Peter’s it is made of bronze which was taken
fears about the risk of fires. Some people believe
from the roof of the Pantheon.
though that the real reason for the move was to
6 The dome is supported by four piers.
keep the methods of the trade a secret. Our first
7 Most tourists go to the Vatican Museums to see the
stop will be a glass factory. These factories are not
Raphael Rooms and the Sistine Chapel.
normally open to the general public, so this is a
8 Michelangelo’s frescoes show biblical scenes, such
rare chance to see an operating furnace and a
as the creation of the world, the creation of man
glass-blower practicing this ancient art.
and Adam and Eve with the apple.
The Glass Museum, our next stop, has an
interesting collection of photographs, a film on the
tradition, and many examples of rare pieces. The
Page 226 entrance ticket is included in the cost of the tour
and you will be free to wander around the
The other three maritime republics were Amalfi, Genoa and museum on your own.
Pisa. We’ll meet again at 1 p.m. – please make sure you
are on time – for the short trip across the lagoon
to Burano, instantly recognisable thanks to the
Background information bright colours with which all the houses are
painted and seen on many postcards and photos.
The name ‘maritime republic’ was given to four
The island is full of great places for photography
city-states between the 10th and 13th centuries:
and you will have plenty of time to stop and take
Amalfi, Pisa, Genoa and Venice. With their
photos during my guided tour.
merchant fleets, they dominated the Mediterranean
We’ll see Piazza Galuppi, the only square on the
Sea and had dominion over several overseas lands.
island, the church of San Martino Vescovo and the
They were an important economic power and were
leaning bell tower. It’s not quite the leaning tower
heavily involved in the Crusades, providing
of Pisa, but it does lean considerably and is a nice
transport and support but also taking advantage of
place for a photo. One of the most romantic spots
the political, economic and trading opportunities
on the island for a photo though is the place called
that these Crusades presented.
Tre Ponti or Three Bridges. The wooden bridge
connects three canals, flanked by colourful houses
and craft shops full of lace items. You’ll have time
1 1 visit Venice each year.
to browse the shops here, but I recommend
2 the Basilica di San Marco, the Palazzo Ducale and
waiting until we get to the lace museum and
the Campanile.
school before making any purchases of lace, since,
3 Palazzo Ducale with the prisons on the other side
unfortunately, much of the lace for sale on the
of the canal.
island is imported and not actually the authentic
4 the end of the plague in the 17th century.
thing. At the lace school, you can be assured of
5 in the Franciscan church Frari.
getting the genuine article made on the island.
6 to see modern paintings by artists like Picasso and
Please be aware though that the prices are a little
Kandinsky.
higher than those you might have seen elsewhere.
2 2.11

1 five 4 bright
If I could have your attention for a moment, 2 a glassblower 5 the Three Bridges
please, I’d like to explain the schedule for today’s in action 6 not all
tour. It will take about another 30 minutes to reach 3 is
Murano, where we’ll spend a couple of hours

Explore Italy | U N I T 7 197

 5 There used to be butchers, tanners and blacksmiths
Extra activity: Speaking at work on the bridge.
Venice is a UNESCO World Heritage Site, but the 6 They are the huge gardens behind Palazzo Pitti, full
UN organisation fears for the future of the city. Its of statues and fountains and grottoes.
capacity cannot sustain the number of tourists,
and the city is being crushed by mass tourism. 3 2.12 FCE Listening Part 2
What are the threats that Venice is facing? What
can be done to save this unique place?
Before we go into the Duomo, I’d like to tell you a
little about the man behind one of the most
famous cupolas in Italy – Filippo Brunelleschi. Born
Page 227 in 1377 here in the city, he actually started his
career and work as a master goldsmith, which is
still an important art here in Florence today. As an
The Patron saint is Saint Ambrose (Sant’Ambrogio) and it is
architect and engineer, the Ospedale degli
celebrated on 7th December. His remains are in the Basilica
Innocenti was his first commission in about 1419.
di Sant’Ambrogio in the city.
This Foundling Hospital was designed in a dignified
style, without any decorative inlays, but with a
1 1T 2F 3F 4F 5T 6F series of larges arches with columns and capitals.
A lot of Brunelleschi’s time was spent dedicated to
2 It was brought from outside the city on canals that the idea of linear perspective. He rediscovered the
were built specifically for this purpose. ideas regarding perspective which had been
3 It was reconstructed after the damage caused by known to the Greeks and Romans. He created two
bombs in World War II. panels showing the streets of Florence to show
4 It is a museum today but at various times in the the concept of a single vanishing point – the point
past it was used as a fortress, military barracks and towards which all parallel lines drawn on the same
private residence. plane appear to converge – and the relationship
6 It’s in the refectory of the church. between distance and the diminution of objects as
they appear to recede in space.
2 Personal answers Brunelleschi was not the only great artist and
architect in Florence at that time, and in fact in a
competition held in 1401 he was beaten by his rival
Page 228 Lorenzo Ghiberti to design the bronze doors for
the Baptistery.
1 Possible answers: If you look over to your right at the Baptistery, you
Michelangelo, Masaccio, Brunelleschi, Da Vinci, can see the bronze doors created by Ghiberti on
Botticelli, Dante, Petrarca the north and east sides. Later, in 1418, it was
Brunelleschi who won the commission to build the
dome for the cathedral, on the condition he had to
The statue of David represents a moment in the biblical work with Ghiberti, a collaboration which didn’t
story of David and Goliath. David, a young man, armed only last long however.
with a staff, a slingshot and five stones managed to defeat The basilica, designed by Arnolfo di Cambio, had
Goliath, a huge warrior. Michelangelo’s statue shows David been completed but no one had been able to come
with the slingshot in his left hand and a rock in his right. up with how to build its crowning feature ‑ the huge
cupola – without it collapsing under its own weight.
2 1 Arnolfo di Cambio and Brunelleschi designed the Brunelleschi spent most of his life on this project
Duomo. and was very involved in all areas, personally
2 They are made from three different colours of choosing the bricks and constantly climbing up and
marble - pink white and green - in bands. down the scaffolding to check the work of the
3 The exterior has a very medieval appearance, with craftsmen. He even invented some machinery to
rusticated stonework and crenellated battlements, help with the complex construction of the dome.
while the interior is much more lavish and decorated. When we enter the cathedral, I’ll show you the
4 You can see Italian art from pre-Renaissance to the statue of him, where he is depicted staring up at the
18th century and it is organised in chronological dome to which he dedicated so much of his life.
order in a series of rooms.

198 U NI T 7 | Explore Italy

 1 (master) goldsmith 4 (Lorenzo) Ghiberti 2 Sample answers:
2 commission 5 bronze doors
A Good morning. Do you speak English?
3 linear perspective 6 machinery
B Yes, how can I help you?
A I’d like to know if you have any walking tours of
the city.
Page 229 B Yes, there are lots of different types. What
aspect or area of Rome are you interested in?
1 1 It flourished during the Roman period and in the
A I’m not sure. I really like art and architecture.
16th and 17th centuries under the Kingdom of
B We have a walking tour called Bernini’s Rome.
Naples.
It covers some of his most important works in
2 There are the remains of a Roman amphitheatre,
the city.
theatre and a column moved to the city from the
A That sounds interesting. How long is it?
Via Appia.
B It’s about 3 ½ hours and leaves in the morning
3 It is very decorative with a central rose window
at 9 a.m. or in the afternoon at 3 p.m.
surrounded by carvings of flowers and garlands.
A How much does it cost?
4 The Palazzo del Seminario, Palazzo Vescovile
B Prices start from €32. Here is a leaflet with all
and the cathedral can be found in Piazza
the information.
Duomo.
A OK. Thank you for your help.
5 The choice of stone is important because using
a soft sandstone the sculptors were able to 3 Personal answers
create intricate carvings.
6 Because when it was rebuilt there was no longer
any need for a defensive gate to the city. Page 233
2 Personal answers 1 Possible answers:
1 It could be the website of the Rome tourist
COMPITO DI REALTÀ board, or that of Lazio. It’s not likely to be a
private company as it is not promoting or selling
For further information about Compiti di realtà, a tour, just giving suggestions.
see pages 16-17. 2 Tourists who are spending several days in Rome.
People interested in history, archaeology and
architecture. Families could be interested in
Pages 230-231 Tivoli because there are gardens to explore,
whereas young children might get bored at
1 Personal answers Ostia Antica. Students who have studied Roman
history might like Ostia Antica as it can bring to
2 1F 2A 3D 4B 5H 6G 7C 8E 9I life what they have studied in books.
3 I think so, because it mentions some of the main
3 Personal answer attractions and what there is to see.
4 There are probably bus and/or train timetables,
prices and location of the stops and how long
Page 232 the journey takes. Maybe also indications if there
are differences between summer and winter
1 1F 2T 3F 4F 5T 6T schedules.

1 Only Bernini’s work, not that of other artists from

the period, is covered by the tour. EXPLORE GRAMMAR
3 It starts Outside the Church of Santa Maria della Go to the FLIPBOOK for the exercises.
Vittoria and finishes in Piazza Navona (or St Peter’s
Square on request).
4 There is no tour on Monday. 2 Personal answer

Explore Italy | U N I T 7 199

 Pages 234-235 2 Sample answer:

Background information
Dear Mr and Mrs Webster,
Sicily, the largest island in the Mediterranean, is
With reference to our previous correspondence, I am
separated from mainland Italy by the Strait of pleased to attach your personalised itinerary for your
Messina. The island is mostly mountainous, with two-week holiday in Sicily this June.
frequent seismic activity, and the only wide valley
I have taken into consideration your wishes regarding
is the fertile plain of Catania. The capital is driving and time for relaxation and exploring and feel
Palermo. that I have come up with a suitable balance. The
Its strategic location in the centre of the itinerary includes five stops along the coast of Sicily:
Mediterranean has made Sicily a crossroads of Cefalù, Taormina, Sampieri, Licata and San Vito lo
Capo. They are all beautiful coastal areas, but at the
different civilisations, conquests, trade and culture.
same time offer lots of opportunities for short day
There is evidence of human settlements on the trips to explore. Taormina, for example, has a
island as far back as 12,000 BC. The Greeks renowned Greek theatre and is perfectly located for a
established many important settlements from trip to explore the volcano Etna. The final stop, San
about 750 BC. Vito lo Capo, has some of the most splendid beaches
on the island and will be a superb place to wind down
The island has strong cultural traditions which can
before your return home.
be seen in the development of Italian lyrical poetry
as well as in the works of modern writers such as Please let me know if you have any questions about
the itinerary so that I can finalise all the details as soon
Giovanni Verga, Luigi Pirandello and Leonardo
as possible and get you the best deals on hotels and
Sciascia. Several examples of folk art ‑ such as flights.
embroidery, painting, and puppetry ‑ and popular
Looking forward to hearing from you,
religious festivals also mark Sicily’s contribution to
Italian culture. There are seven UNESCO World Kind regards,
Heritage Sites, including the Valley of the Temples, Jane Taylor
the late Baroque towns of the Val di Noto and the
Aeolian islands.
Tourists are attracted to the island by the sunny, 3 Personal answer
dry climate, the cuisine, history and architecture of
the island as well as its beaches and scenery.
Pages 236-237
1 • Two weeks in June – doesn’t specifty how many 1 Possible answers:
days to stay in each place
1 allow visitors to do the trip at their own pace.
• Car rental – gives the pick-up and drop-off
2 the Palazzo Ducale and as the birthplace of the
points
painter Raphael.
• Plenty of beaches and relaxation – all the places
3 go for a walk in the evening.
chosen are near the beach
4 painted by Giotto (and show) various scenes
• Not too many archeological sites – suggests
from Saint Francis’s life.
visits to Syracuse and Agrigento, perhaps the
5 the thermal waters and natural springs
most important archeological sites on the island,
6 get to know them and appreciate their beauty.
but does not insist too much or suggest
spending a long time there
2 Personal answers
• Not too much driving every day – there are only
five different locations to stay in, so the clients
3 Sample answers:
do not have to do a lot of long distance driving
every day; in each place, there are suggestions A = Travel agent, B = Customer
for several places to visit, most within a short A Good afternoon. Can I help you?
drive B Yes, I’m interested in a holiday in Italy.
• Enjoy exploring towns – there are details of many A Certainly. Have you been there before?
towns they can visit and explore with a little B No, I haven’t. It will be the first time.
information telling the clients what there is to A Well, it’s a wonderful country with so much to
see see and do. Are you interested in visiting Rome?

200 U NI T 7 | Explore Italy

 We have some lovely tours there – four days Vinci’s Last Supper is a must, although it is necessary
with a guide, direct flights and very reasonable to book well in advance. Areas like Navigli, Corso
rates. Como and Isola are perfect for a night out and to
B I don’t think so. We want to be independent, meet people. A couple of days would be perfect to fit
not part of a tour group. in both sightseeing and fun. A full day each in
A That’s fine. How many people is the holiday for? Piacenza, Parma and Modena would be sufficient to
B Me and a friend. see some of the major sights, such as the cathedral in
A OK. And do you want to stay in one place, for Piacenza, the pink marble Baptistery in Parma and
example by the coast, and go on a few day trips? the Torre della Ghirlandina in Modena. These cities
B I’m not sure. We like nature and a little history are also famous for their food and traditional
and culture, something like exploring old towns. products, which are worth trying. Bologna, Europe’s
A Perhaps you could hire a car and visit several oldest University town, offers plenty of history, art
places. For example, you could start with a and architecture with Piazza Maggiore, the towers,
couple of days in Venice and then hire a car the Basilica of San Petronio and so on, but it is also a
and go to places like Padua, Vicenza and lively town full of students and young people, with
Verona, ending up at Lake Garda. great shopping, cafés, bars and clubs. A day in
B That sounds interesting. I’ve always wanted to Ravenna should be spent admiring the many
go to Venice, but I’m worried it will be too wonderful mosaics that adorn the city’s buildings,
crowded and busy. I don’t like crowds. such as the Basilica di San Vitale. A few days in Rimini
A Of course Venice is always popular, but there will provide time to go to the beach, sunbathe and
are some quieter times of the year when there enjoy the nightlife, before heading for the last
are fewer tourists. destination, Florence, with its superb Renaissance art.
B How long do you think I would need for a Where to stay
holiday like that? All of the cities mentioned have hostels which would
A Well, if you want to have enough time to relax be ideal accommodation because of the reasonable
and explore, I think ten days would be perfect. rates. It will also mean that the two students have a
Let me show you some more information. chance to meet many other people. A dormitory
B Thanks. room with use of shared bathroom costs on average
between €24 and €32 per night.
4 Personal answer Extra information
As the trip is in June, the weather will be generally
sunny and quite hot. It is necessary to bring insect
Pages 238-239 repellent, sun cream, a sun hat and sunglasses, as
well as a costume and beach clothes for Rimini. For
1 Sample answer: sightseeing, comfortable footwear is essential and
TWO-WEEK INTERRAIL TRIP IN ITALY remember that shoulders and knees must be covered
Itinerary when visiting churches. The places included in this
This itinerary covers the north and centre of Italy, itinerary, including the big cities, are safe but as
starting in Milan and ending in Florence. It includes always you need to take general precautions to keep
famous cities of art such as Milan, Bologna and you and your belongings safe, for example looking
Florence, as well as smaller centres like Piacenza and out for pickpockets on public transport and avoiding
Ravenna. As well as art, culture and history, the certain areas late at night.
places chosen also offer a variety of other activities
and options suitable for young people. Milan and 2-10 Personal answer
Bologna have great entertainment, nightlife and
shopping, while Rimini, full of young people, provides
the chance for fun and relaxation on the beach and Page 240
some great nightlife.
1
Route
Milan ‑ Piacenza – Parma – Modena – Bologna – The Basilica of Saint Francis of Assisi, in the town
Ravenna – Rimini ‑ Florence where the saint was born and died, is an important
Highlights pilgrimage site in Italy and is full of pilgrims and
In Milan, a visit to Santa Maria delle Grazie with da visitors for most of the year. Work on the basilica

Explore Italy | U N I T 7 201

 started in 1228, two years after the death of Saint Page 242
Francis, and was completed by 1253. The Basilica
has an Upper and Lower Church: the first a large,
1
airy space built to a Gothic plan, while the Lower
The Scrovegni Chapel in Padua is a masterpiece of
Church, which was constructed first, is in a
medieval frescoes. They were commissioned by
Romanesque style and has a feeling of meditation
Enrico Scrovegni as some kind of penitentiary act to
and introspection thanks to the dark, low vaults. It
atone for his father’s sins. The family fortune in fact
contains the crypt with the body of the saint which
had been made through the act of ursury, that is
had been hidden after his funeral and was only
charging interest on loaning money, which was a
discovered in the early 18th century. There is a
grave sin and meant that Enrico’s father was denied a
central nave with many side chapels and most of the
Christian burial.
interior is decorated with frescoes including some
The artist who was requested to paint the inside of
by Cimabue, Pietro Lorenzetti and Simone Martini.
the chapel was Giotto, and the frescoes were painted
Martini was given complete freedom in his
in about 1305. There are two techniques used when
decoration of the Cappella di San Martino, the first
painting frescoes: the first is buon or true fresco in
chapel on the left, and all the details from the
which the colour is applied to wet plaster, the second
frescoes to the stained glass follow his plans. Above
is fresco secco or dry technique when the paint is
the altar, there are four magnificent frescoes, once
applied to a dry wall. Giotto chose the first option of
attributed to Giotto, that depict Poverty, Chastity
buon fresco as this gives better durability although
and Obedience, the virtues on which Saint Francis
the artist has to work quickly and without mistakes.
founded his order.
Giotto’s narrative skills are evident throughout the
Looking at the façade of the upper church, you are
chapel both in the individual scenes and the overall
immediately struck by the Gothic style portal and
plan. The entrance wall is dedicated to the Last
beautiful rose window and, as you walk inside the
Judgement and the arched wall leading to the
large space with its single nave plan, it is impossible
sanctuary shows the Annunciation. The side walls
not to immediately stare up at the ribbed vaults of
have been divided into framed pictures which depict
the ceiling with their incredibly bright blue
compelling moments from the life of Christ, such as
background and gold stars, some of which were
the Raising of Lazarus and the Wedding at Cana,
badly damaged, together with some frescoes and
where Giotto is able to draw the viewer into the
other areas of the basilica, by the 1997 earthquake.
experience and the unfolding drama of the events. At
If you start on the right-hand wall and continue
the bottom of the side walls there is a series of
clockwise around the interior, you can admire
grisaille paintings. These are monochrome paintings
Giotto’s frescoes on the life of Saint Francis, with
which are done only in grey, almost to resemble stone
famous scenes like Preaching to the Birds.
sculptures.
Cimabue’s frescoes, which can be found in the apse
Here Giotto presents an allegorical series of paintings
and transept, have unfortunately deteriorated due to
representing Virtues and Vices, such as Envy,
the oxidation of the pigments in the type of paint
Foolishness, Charity and Prudence.
used and now scenes like his Crucifixion are almost
like black and white negatives.

1 Giotto.
2 About 1305.
1 Romanesque 4 single
3 He used the technique of buon or true fresco, that
2 above the altar 5 blue, gold
is painting on wet plaster.
3 window 6 the type of paint used
4 The Last Judgement.
2 1 Constructed under the orders 5 Scenes from the life of Christ.
2 unites different architectural 6 It is a painting in grey/monochrome.
3 Construction lasted
4 contrast with
2 1 The title of the 4 portrays
painting 5 dominates
5 depict
2 was born 6 came from
6 which is cruciform
3 private collection
3 Personal answer
3 Personal answer

202 U NI T 7 | Explore Italy

 Pages 244-245 Ice skating and climbing are popular too, and the
hotels often have things like saunas and spa
1 ES
facilities for those that prefer something a bit
1 Life was hard for them. There were no basic more relaxing. However, sports are not just
amenities, there was a lot of disease, infant limited to the winter months. The area is perfect
mortality, illiteracy, overcrowding, hunger and for trekking or mountain biking in summer and
poverty. there is also the area of the lakes, busy all year
2 Things stated to change for the people of round, with things like boat trips and excursions.
Matera when the prime minister De Gasperi A Are there a lot of cultural activities?
visited in 1950 and came up with a plan to find B Yes, there are medieval castles and the royal
new homes for its inhabitants. palaces of the House of Savoy, as well as
3 In 1986 a law was passed to revive the Sassi and important museums in the city of Turin, such as
the government provided subsidies for the Egyptian Museum where you can explore one
restoration work. of the biggest collections of Egyptian antiquities,
4 Matera became well-known because it was and the National Cinema Museum with an
designated a World Heritage Site; The Passion of incredible display of film memorabilia to learn
the Christ with Mel Gibson was filmed there; and it about the history of film making. And it is worth
won a bid to become European capital of culture. taking time to wander around the city with its
5 It is an advantage because many people are pleasant squares and Baroque architecture.
renting out these characteristic homes as A I know there is the Shroud of Turin. Is there a
holiday lets and B&Bs and this has led to a strong religious tradition in the region?
tourist boom. B Yes, there is in an area called the Sacred
6 It refers to the fact that Airbnb threatens city Mountains of Piedmont ‑ religious sites built in
centres and pushes locals out. the 16th and 17th centuries for religious
pilgrimages. And the art and architecture in the
2 Personal answers churches and chapels is very beautiful.
A What else would you recommend to visitors?
3 2.13 FCE Listening Part 1 B For something quite different, I suggest the
Orange Carnival in Ivrea, where people wear
A = Journalist, B = Expert orange clothes and throw oranges at each other.
A I’m with regional expert Maria Mancini from the It is meant to represent the civil war between
Piedmont Tourism Board who is going to tell us the people and the rulers of Ivrea in the past.
something about the region. So, Maria, what can A When does the carnival take place?
you see and do in the region? B In February every year. It’s quite an event.
B Well, thanks to its unique geographic position in A Are there any other special attractions in the area?
the Alps, bordering both France and B Lots. In Asti, for example, there is the Palio horse
Switzerland, it offers plenty of things to do from race in September. It’s the oldest bareback horse
sport, culture and history to food and wine. race in Italy and it is part of a medieval festival
A So, does this mean there are French influences in with a parade and a flag-throwing competition.
the area? A That sounds quite unique!

B In the art and architecture certainly, but also the
different languages spoken. And the food has 1B 2A 3B 4C 5C 6A
roots in French traditions too.
A I don’t know the food from this area. What’s a
typical regional dish?
4 2.13

B There are lots, naturally. One is cheese fondue 1 What can you see and do
with bread. Or there are several types of risotto. 2 Does this mean there are
Meat such as venison is popular too. 3 What’s a typical
A I know there are some important ski resorts in 4 Are there a lot of
Piedmont. 5 Is there a strong religious
B Absolutely. Resorts like Sestriere are famous 6 would you recommend
over the world for skiing and snowboarding. 7 When does the carnival
8 Are there any other

Explore Italy | U N I T 7 203

 5 Personal answer

6 Personal answers

A = Customer, B = Travel agent

A Good morning.
B Good morning. How can I help you?
A I’m interested in booking a holiday.
B Sure. Where would you like to go?
A I was thinking about Italy, actually.
B Do you want to visit a particular region?
A I don’t really mind as I’ve never been to Italy
before. I don’t know very much about the
different places, apart from Rome and Venice.
B No problem. When do you want to travel?
A Well, I want to go in the summer, but I’m worried
about the weather being very hot. I can’t cope
with the heat.
B How about going in May or early June? The
weather is good, but usually it’s not too hot.
A Yes, that sounds like it would be ideal.
B What type of holiday are you interested in?
A sightseeing holiday maybe?
A Yes, I suppose so. I certainly don’t want a beach
holiday. I’d like to combine sightseeing with
something a bit cultural, or even some sport.
B I see… You could go to Verona, see some
classical opera, visit Juliet’s balcony…
A I don’t really like classical music or Shakespeare!
B How about cycling around Tuscany? You could
visit the small towns and villages, staying in
agritourisms in the countryside.
A I like that idea! It sounds ideal for me. I went on a
cycling holiday a few years ago, and I really
enjoyed it.
B Good! Would you prefer to travel independently?
A I think I’d prefer to travel as part of a group ‑ so
I can meet people. I think it would be more fun
too.
B How long would you like to go for?
A I can only take two weeks’ holiday from work in
total, so between a week and ten days would be
about right.
B OK. Let me find some brochures and we can
have a look at the options available.
A Thanks!

8 Personal answers

204 U NI T 7 | Explore Italy

 Explore the British Isles UNIT 8
Page 246 today. Hadrian’s Wall extended 120 km from the
North Sea to the Irish Sea separating ‘the Romans
1 Personal answers
from the Barbarians’. It was made a World
Heritage Site in 1987. English Heritage, a
2 1F 2T 3F 4T 5F 6T 7F 8F
government organisation in charge of managing
the historic environment of England, describes it
1 The British Isles are a group of islands off the coast
as ‘the most important monument built by the
of mainland Europe.
Romans in Britain’.
3 It is generally colder.
5 The Pennines run down central England so it is hilly; 1066, the date of the Norman conquest of Britain,
the East of England is flat. marks a turning point in the development of the
7 The Shannon is the longest river. English language. The Normans brought the
8 Great Britain refers to England Scotland and Wales; French language to the island, thus introducing a
UK refers also to Northern Ireland. Romance language on a mainly Germanic basis.
Norman French became the language of the
court whilst Latin continued to be the language of
Page 247 the Church and of the scholars. The language of
the population at large was also influenced by
1 Possible answers: Norman French and gradually developed from
1 England has the largest area and the biggest Old English or Anglo-Saxon into Middle English,
population out of the five countries, while Northern the language used by Chaucer in his Canterbury
Ireland is the smallest by area and population. Tales.
English is the language which is spoken and all the The Feudal System was a system where the king
countries, apart from England, also have one or had complete control and owned all the land,
more local languages. which he leased to his barons. These barons
The population of the UK is similar to that of Italy. swore to be faithful to the king. In turn, the barons
2 There is a parliamentary democracy with a gave the land to their knights, who had to fight
constitutional monarch. and protect the baron and king when needed. At
3 The monarch is the Head of State but only has the lowest level, there were the servants or serfs.
ceremonial duties and limited power. The Magna Carta, meaning ‘The Great Charter’,
4 Devolution happened in 1999 and it is when was issued by King John in 1215 as a solution to
national parliaments were created in Northern the political crisis he faced with his barons. There
Ireland, Scotland and Wales and some powers were were 63 clauses, most of which concerned the
transferred to them from the central government. specific problems and complaints regarding his
5 In Italy there is a form of devolution as some rule, and some which challenged the autocracy of
regions have legislative powers and political the king. It recognised for the first time that
parties, like the Lega Nord, are in favour of everybody, including the king, was subject to the
increasing this independence from central law. Even though most of the text was deleted or
government. rewritten within the following ten years, it
influenced many common law documents, such
as the United States Bill of Rights and the
Pages 248-249 Universal Declaration of Human Rights.
1 1f 2e 3d 4a 5c 6b
2 1T 2F 3T 4T 5F 6F 7T 8T
Background information 9 T 10 F
Hadrian’s Wall was a defensive fortification in
2 They settled in England and parts of Scotland.
Roman Britain. Begun in AD 122, during the rule
5 It became less important because the Magna Carta
of emperor Hadrian, it was the first of two
limited the monarch’s power.
fortifications built across Great Britain, the second
6 She was his daughter.
being the Antonine Wall, lesser known of the two
10 The upper and middle classes became richer; the
because its physical remains are less evident
working class were poor and deprived.

Explore the British Isles | U N I T 8 205

 some powers to Wales, Scotland and Northern
Online worksheet Ireland.
You can download the worksheet The Industrial 7 The Referendums were on the independence of
Revolution and the Victorian period from our Scotland and the membership of the EU.
website www.elilaspigaedizioni.it in the section 8 Women were able to work more and in jobs that
called Explore. previously had not been open to them, such as in
factories.
9 The sixties were a liberal and permissive period.
There was more sexual freedom, fashion was more
Pages 250-251 daring and different and music styles changed with
groups like the Beatles and the Rolling Stones.
1 A WAR AND CONFLICT
10 There was the death of Diana and then the
B POLITICS AND ECONOMY
marriage of Charles and Camilla. The Queen
C SOCIETY AND CULTURE
celebrated her diamond jubilee, Prince William and
Background information Kate Middleton got married (and had children),
while Prince Harry married Meghan Markle in May
The referendum on the UK’s membership of the
2018.
EU was held on 23rd June 2016. 72.2% of those
eligible to vote turned out and 17.4 million
people (51.9%) voted to leave while 16.1 million
3 Personal answers
(48.1%) voted to remain in the EU. It was the
first time that any EU member country had
Pages 252-253
decided to leave. The Prime Minister at that
time, David Cameron, who was in favour of 1 Possible answers:
remaining, immediately announced his
resignation due to this defeat. On 29th March How to Where to What to What to
2017 the UK government, under Prime Minister People
travel sleep eat buy
Theresa May, invoked Article 50 of the Treaty of
Lisbon, to start the official two-year period for An English car holiday anything classic
withdrawal from the EU. family with because rental so typical souvenirs
young it’s there is from the for the
convenient plenty of area they children,
2 1 The UK was involved in World War I, World War II, children
space are visiting local
the Falklands War against Argentina, the Gulf War, as they will handmade
the Iraq War and the war in Afghanistan. already products
2 The ‘Troubles’ refer to the period of violence and know for the
conflict in Northern Ireland and in the UK regarding things like parents
the status of Northern Ireland. It lasted fish and
chips and
approximately 30 years.
English
3 It was involved in Afghanistan and the fight against breakfast
Al Qaeda, and it was also subject to terrorist
attacks like the London Bus and Tube bombs. A group of plane if hostels or a English some
4 It was very difficult. There was an economic teenagers they have chain hotel breakfast classic
recession as exports fell and unemployment from the budget to save so they can London/UK
Europe because it money eat a lot souvenirs
increased.
is quick; and save like pens
5 Margaret Thatcher was a Conservative politician ferry money on and fridge
and the UK’s first female Prime Minister. The or train lunch magnets
positive effects of her Government were an through and T-shirts
economic boom, liberalisation of the stock market Channel as they are
and privatisation of industry. The negative effects Tunnel cheap
were that many industries were closed down as to save
money
unprofitable, causing massive unemployment and
depending
dissatisfaction, with strikes such as that by the on where
miners in 1984-85. they are in
6 Tony Blair and his government were involved in Europe
making constitutional reforms for the devolution of

206 U NI T 8 | Explore the British Isles

 How to Where to What to What to 4 Possible answers:
People 1 The article is talking about the British habit of
travel sleep eat buy
talking about the weather with strangers.
A retired plane to get B&B to afternoon handmade 2 It is good for you because it improves your mood
couple to the UK, experience tea, a pub or quality and makes time pass more quickly.
from the then renting the lifestyle lunch and products
3 It is a good title because art refers to talking about
USA a car to or a any local like
give them boutique specialities pottery, the weather as a pastime or hobby, while heart can
independence hotel some UK refer to how it can make you feel and how we can
designer find a human connection.
clothes 4 It is a safe topic as it is not likely to offend anyone,
maybe unlike politics or religion, and it can be just a short
A young plane to B&B or flat pub lunch, jewellery conversation without any obligation to say a lot.
couple get to the to rent fish and as it may 5 Personal answers
from UK, then chips as be a very
Japan train could cheap different Online worksheet
be a cheap options style;
alternative but also a some You can download the worksheet Eating out
allowing top class classic in the UK from our website
them to visit restaurant souvenirs www.elilaspigaedizioni.it in the section called
a lot of the if they have too Explore.
country the budget

You Personal Personal Personal Personal

answers answers answers answers
Pages 254-255
2 Personal answers
Explore the map
3 Personal answers In the FLIP BOOK, you can find an interactive map
with information and multimedia material on some of
Weaker students the most important and popular tourist attractions.
Use these questions as prompts to encourage
weaker students:
The city of York is also famous for the Jorvik Viking
Have you ever been to the UK or Ireland? If so,
Museum, the old city walls and the Minster.
where did you go?
Did you travel around by car, train, William Wordsworth.
underground? Were there any differences with
Italian public transport?
Did you go by plane? Which airport did you Background information
fly to? York
Did you stay in a hotel or a family? What was The city of York has a rich heritage. It was
it like? founded by the Romans and later became the
Did you try any local food or dishes? What did Viking capital, Jorvik. Roman history can be
you eat? What was it like? seen in the city walls, the bathhouse and the
Yorkshire Museum houses some Roman
Did you buy any souvenirs or presents? What
treasures. The Jorvik Viking Museum celebrates
were they? What kind of souvenirs did you see
the Viking history of the city with interactive
in the shops? What about the prices? Is the
experiences and galleries. During the medieval
UK an expensive country?
period many of the city’s landmark buildings
Have you ever seen a film or TV series set in the were built. York Minister is a vast cathedral, a
UK or Ireland? What about a documentary? masterpiece of stained glass and stonework.
Do you think they show what real life is like The Shambles is a street of half-timbered
today? houses (see p. 340).

Explore the British Isles | U N I T 8 207

 Entertainment/Culture: amusement park, ride,
William Wordsworth is a major Romantic poet.
observation deck, (local history/folk/railway)
His poems are inspired by the extraordinary
museum, pub, tea room, craft workshop, climbing,
beauty of nature.
hiking, caving, fell-walking, birdwatching
He was born on 7th April 1770 in Cockermouth,
near the Lake District. After finishing Grammar Buildings: tower, half-timbered house, water mill,
School, he went to Cambridge University. In 1791, church, oast house, stately home, manor house
he travelled to France and was impressed by its
revolutionary spirit and the principles of liberty, 3 2.14 FCE Listening Part 2
equality and fraternity. After graduation, he

returned to France, but became disillusioned Cambridge, in the east of England, is a famous
with the Revolution since it had turned into the university city which is popular with foreign
Reign of Terror and he became a conservative. tourists and language students who fill the streets
Wordsworth was close friends with the poet and parks especially during the summer months.
Coleridge and together they wrote and Many visitors also come on just a day trip as it is
published Lyrical Ballads in 1798. In its preface, close enough to London and easily reached by
Wordsworth defined poetry as ‘the spontaneous train in around an hour. The most famous aspect
overflow of powerful feelings: it takes its origin of the city is undoubtedly the university with its 31
from emotion recollected in tranquillity.’ In 1807, colleges which can be divided into old and new
he published Poems, in Two Volumes, which – the old ones are those which were founded
included ‘I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud’, ‘My before 1596 and the new ones are those founded
Heart Leaps Up’ and ‘Intimations of Immortality’. after the start of the 19th century. Peterhouse is
In 1839 he received an honorary degree from the oldest college and was founded in 1284 by the
Oxford University and was made Poet Laureate, Bishop of Ely. King’s College, with its chapel, is
an honour awarded to a poet whose work is of probably the most famous. The Chapel dates back
national significance, in 1843, seven years to 1441 when King Henry VI laid the first stone. He
before his death in 1850. is depicted in one of the magnificent stained glass
windows. Inside the Chapel there is the Adoration
of the Magi by Rubens. Other important works of
1 Possible answers:
art can be seen at the Fitzwilliam Museum, which
1 In some areas there are long sandy beaches; in is also part of the University of Cambridge. This
others there are cliffs (with fossils) or resorts with neoclassical building houses some paintings by
entertainment and lots of things to do. Italian artists, particularly the Venetian school, with
2 I would recommend Blackpool for families that like masterpieces by Canaletto, Titian and Veronese, a
typical seaside activities or the Jurassic coast if collection of portraits and miniature portraits by
they want something a little different, to be British artists from the 17th to 20th century, and
outside and to learn something. For nature lovers, several works by French impressionists. Another
the North Norfolk coast would be ideal as there highlight is the large collection of watercolours by
are lots of birds and wildlife. the English artist Turner.
3 The main characteristic of Lavenham is the old For a great view of the city, you should climb to
half-timbered houses and how little parts of the the top of Great St Mary’s Tower. The church,
town have changed since the Middle Ages. known as the university church, is situated by the
4 Retired or older people for the village life and Market Square and has been an important part of
picturesque scenery; people interested in history; for the University’s academic and ceremonial life for
Hutton-le-Hole people interested in walking and hiking. over 800 years. Another church worth visiting is
5 The centre and north of England are associated the Church of the Holy Sepulchre, more commonly
with the Industrial Revolution. known as the Round Church. It is one of only four
6 You can do sports like climbing, caving and hiking, round churches in England and has its origins in
visit stately homes, see traditional villages, and the medieval period. The Romanesque style of the
many other things. building was later modified with several changes
and additions.
2 Nature: beach, (sedimentary) rock (formation),
One unusual but fun activity that you must find
landslide, erosion, fossil, cliff face, tide, wildlife,
time for during your visit to Cambridge is punting.
hops, countryside, stream, sheep, grass, river,
Traditionally only found in Oxford and Cambridge,
moorland, limestone dales, hills, valley, lake
punting on the river is great way to see the city

208 U NI T 8 | Explore the British Isles

 from a different perspective. You can choose to of London, she met intellectuals like Lytton
hire your own punt and have a go at steering this Strachey, Rupert Brooke and Leonard Woolf,
flat-bottomed boat along the river, or you can go whom she married in 1912. Together, they
for the easier option and have a professional do it formed the Bloomsbury Group. It was a group
for you. Either way you are assured of great views of writers, artists, intellectuals and philosophers
of the college buildings, immaculate lawns and who shared the same belief in the importance
bridges like the Bridge of Sighs and the of the arts and the pursuit of knowledge.
Mathematical Bridge. In 1922 Woolf’s first novel, Jacob’s Room,
appeared, followed by Mrs Dalloway in 1925, To
1 close enough 4 watercolours the Lighthouse in 1927 and The Waves in 1931.
2 college 5 medieval A Room of One’s Own is considered the first
3 (King) Henry VI 6 the river major work in feminist criticism. The start of
World War II and the destruction of her London
4 Personal answers home made her mental condition worse and on
28th March 1941 she committed suicide by
filling her coat pockets with stones and
Extra activity: Speaking drowning herself in the river Ouse, near her
In pairs, students should talk about what other home.
places in England they already know for the four
categories in the text. They should then share 2 1T 2F 3F 4T 5T 6F 7T 8F
their ideas/knowledge with the rest of the class. 9 F 10 F

2 The clock tower is called Elizabeth Tower; the bell

in the clock is called Big Ben.
Pages 256-258 3 You can also see a ceremony at Horse Guards
Parade.
6 It has paintings by some of the greatest painters
Explore the map and artists of all times, like Da Vinci and van Gogh.
In the FLIP BOOK, you can find an interactive 8 The fire started in Pudding Lane and the Monument
map with information and multimedia material was built nearby. Its height is the same as the
on some of the most important and popular distance between the two places.
tourist attractions. 9 It is at the top of the cathedral as you have to climb
the stairs.
10 The legend says that if the ravens leave the Tower,
1 Personal answers
it will fall, so they are the opposite of bad luck –
they keep the Tower standing.
The Houses of Parliament are divided into the House of
Commons and the House of Lords.
Video: The Shard
See CLIL Law (p. 350) for more information on the two
houses.
The Shard is what most people call the London
Virginia Woolf founded the Bloomsbury Group and its aim Bridge Tower in London, designed by the architect
was to show the importance of the arts and the pursuit of Renzo Piano and completed in 2012. This pyramid
knowledge. of glass stands on the southern end of Tower
Bridge and people call it the Shard because it looks
like a piece of glass stabbing the sky. It has become
Background information one of London’s most recognisable landmarks.
The building changes its appearance due to how
Virginia Woolf is one of the most significant
the natural light reflects off the special glass
figures of modernist literature. Born in London
windows at different periods during the year and at
in 1882, she was part of a large, intellectual
different times of the day. At its centre there is an
family. In 1895 her mother died and Virginia
internal concrete column.
suffered her first mental breakdown. Her father
The Shard houses offices from the 2nd to the 28th
died in 1904 and she had a second breakdown.
floor. If you fancy eating in a restaurant with a view,
When Virginia moved to the Bloomsbury area

Explore the British Isles | U N I T 8 209


then you can try the ones on the 31st, 32nd and An area which has been popular for the last few years,
33rd floors. For those of you with a bit more money and looks like it will continue to be so, is Shoreditch in
to spend, there’s the five star Shangri-La Hotel the east of London. Not far from Old Street Tube
which occupies 19 floors up to the 52nd. On the Station, there are plenty of hip places to eat from
other hand, if you prefer a place of your own, then burger bars to pubs and top quality restaurants. The
you can choose from one of the residential choice is continually growing as more and more
apartments situated between the 53rd and 65th independent eateries open up. Nearby, if you fancy
floors. There is also an open-air observatory some shopping, you should check out Old Spitalfields
between the 68th and 72nd floors with obviously Market. It’s not as well known as markets like Camden
great views over the city of London, but wear a and Portobello, but it’s really lovely as it is housed in a
jacket because it could be a bit chilly up there. You Victorian Market Hall which dates back to the end of
can see as far as the Wembley Stadium and the the 19th century: a great place to find some antique
Olympic Park, and Southwark Cathedral directly things, and also organic and fair trade food items. It’s
below looks the size of a toy, while the mass of open every day including Saturday and Sunday, unlike
train lines, which all come together at London Portobello – probably the most famous market in
Bridge railway station, look like a huge plate of London for antiques – which is closed on Sunday.
spaghetti. Saturday, the day for antiques, is the busiest day for
The building culminates in a spire at the top to the market. It gets really crowded so you should aim
make it the tallest building in the European Union. to be there before 10 a.m. at the latest.
So all in all, it is a vertical city and the fact that it Going back to the food, you can find international
has been constructed in a really tight space next to cuisine from hundreds of different countries and
London’s major transport hubs just makes it even regions: Chinese in the central Chinatown area near
more extraordinary. Leicester Square, Italian, Thai, Mexican and, my
personal favourite, Indian, with some of the best
Indian and Bangladeshi restaurants in the area
3 1 It is a ship which was used in World War II and it is around Brick Lane. A lot of visitors to the UK are
on the south bank of the River Thames, near sometimes wary about traditional English food,
Tower Bridge. thinking it is unappetising and that it doesn’t go
2 You can get a good view from the Shard, a much beyond fish and chips. There are however
modern skyscraper, and from the London Eye, a many wonderful traditional dishes you should try.
panoramic wheel. One from the East End of London is pie and mash –
3 South Kensington. a meat pie served with mashed potatoes. Many
4 It used to be used as a hunting ground by the famous chefs are revisiting this and other traditional
royal family. dishes and proposing them on their menus. A great
5 The cable car links the Royal Docks and treat is afternoon tea in a hotel, somewhere famous
Greenwich Peninsula. In Greenwich you can visit like the Ritz or Brown’s. You’ll get lots of little
the National Maritime Museum, the Royal sandwiches, cakes and scones and as much tea as
Observatory and the Cutty Sark, a ship that used you can drink. Look out for special offers to make it
to bring tea from the Far East to England. a bit more affordable, or try a more traditional tea
6 It is the place where two canals meet. It is room where prices won’t be as high but the cakes
picturesque and quiet and many rich and famous and tea should still be delicious.
people live there.

1 east, restaurants 4 Indian

4 2.15
2 antique 5 pie and mash
3 Saturday 6 cups of tea
There are so many places to go shopping and find
things to eat in London that it’s impossible for me to 5 Possible answers:
tell you them all. With things like pop-up restaurants,
1 Museums like the Science or Natural History
bars and shops, the scene is changing all the time.
Museum, The National Maritime Museum or the
Some of the places I’m about to mention are classic
Cutty Sark
and already quite well known with tourists, others
2 The area of Westminster, so Big Ben, Houses of
might be new for you and are worth checking out
Parliament, then Horse Guards Parade and
next time you are in the capital.
Buckingham Palace, and the West End

210 U NI T 8 | Explore the British Isles

 3 Any of the museums which are free, like the
National Gallery, a walk through the Parks and
Pages 260-261
along the South Bank
4 London Eye, The Sky Garden, The Monument, Explore the map
Cable car, The Shard
In the FLIP BOOK, you can find an interactive
5 The West End (Oxford Street, Covent Garden),
map with information and multimedia material
Camden
on some of the most important and popular
6 Little Venice, Kensington Gardens, St James’s
tourist attractions.
Park, Hyde Park

6 Personal answers 1 Personal answers

Online worksheet 2 1 Cardiff is on the south coast of Wales.

You can download the worksheet William 2 It was important in the 18th and 19th centuries
Shakespeare and the Globe from our website because of the coal and mining industries and it
www.elilaspigaedizioni.it in the section called was an important port for the export of coal.
Explore. 3 Today, the port area has been regenerated and
there are bars, restaurants, shops, open spaces
and an Arts Centre.
4 You can see evidence of the Roman, Medieval and
Page 259 Victorian periods.
5 Near Cardiff, you can visit historical places like
You can only buy a Visitor Oyster card online or in certain Tintern Abbey and Caerphilly Castle. You can also
locations in the UK and abroad. You can’t buy it in London. visit the Unesco World Heritage site Blaenavon,
It costs £5, which is non-refundable, and then you can top which was an industrial town.
it up with any amount you want for travelling. This credit 6 Welsh is one of the official languages of Wales,
remains and can be used whenever you want. It works like together with English, so it is used a lot, for
a smartcard and you have to tap it on the yellow readers at example in all government documents and other
the start and end of your journey on the underground, but official documents, and on road signs. It is spoken
only at the start of your journey on buses and trams. and taught at school and now around half a
million people speak the language.

1 1 at night 3 1 beaches and cliffs, nature and wildlife, small

2 tourist attractions are located towns, harbours and castles
3 cheaper and easier 2 sea and bird life
4 a contactless debit or credit card 3 Celtic and pre-Celtic sites, such as Neolithic burial
5 famous sights chambers
6 energy and money 4 it is picturesque, with Georgian style houses, a
harbour and many hotels, shops and cultural events
2 Possible answers: 5 climb up the mountain or take the train during the
• High Street Kensington to Covent Garden: Take summer.
the Circle Line to Gloucester Road and change to 6 Snowdonia National Park and the Brecon Beacons;
the Piccadilly Line, eastbound. Covent Garden is rafting, horse riding, cycling and fishing
the 7th stop. If it is a busy time of day, it is best to
get off one stop earlier at Leicester Square. 4 2.16 FCE Listening Part 2
• Marble Arch to Leicester Square: Take the Central

Line eastbound and change at Tottenham Court I’d like to talk to you about two of the national
Road. Take the Northern line southbound for one museums in Wales that can help us understand
stop. and learn about the country’s industrial past. At
• Westminster to Oxford Circus: Take the Jubilee the National Slate Museum, located on the site of
Line northbound and change at Green Park. an old quarry, you can experience first-hand the
Take the Victoria line northbound for one stop. story of the slate industry. From Easter to October,
the museum is open every day from 10 a.m. to
3 Personal answers 5 p.m., but during the winter months it is closed

Explore the British Isles | U N I T 8 211


on Saturdays and also closes earlier in the
2 Possible answers:
Cultural: various galleries and museums; Hogmanay
afternoon at 4 p.m. Entrance is free, but it is
or New Year celebrations; Edinburgh festival and
advisable to book if you are visiting in a large
Fringe in the summer with music, arts, theatre, dance
group. Slate quarrying was at its peak during the
19th century and you can visit the Victorian Royal: Palace of Holyroodhouse once home to Mary
workshops and buildings where it looks as if the Queen of Scots; official residence of Royal family;
engineers and craftsmen have just put down their castle with the Crown Jewels
tools to have a lunch break. The tour also includes Religious: St Margaret’s Chapel, oldest part of the
a visit to a quarryman’s house. There are actually castle; St Giles’ Cathedral – important for Scottish
four houses furnished to show a different period of reformation
the industry’s history, with interactive displays for Political: Scottish Parliament building at end of Royal
children. Mile; modern building
The Big Pit National Coal Museum is an 18th-century: building of New Town; Georgian
educational and fun day out suitable for all age Architecture, elegant houses and terraces; Georgian
groups. Located at a real coal mine, you can visit House Museum
the centre every day from 9.30 a.m. to 4.30 p.m.,
with last admission at 3.30. Entrance to this 3 Personal answers
museum is also free, and there is only a small
charge for parking. You can see the different kinds Loch Ness is probably the most famous because of the
of machinery that was used at the pit, such as the monster that is supposed to live in the lake.
winder which lowered and raised men and
material up and down the shaft. A highlight for
most visitors is the chance to go on an Background information
underground tour. Wearing the same equipment
As well as people coming to the lake in the hope
as a miner, such as a lamp and belt, you will go
of seeing a glimpse of Nessy, the area around
more than 90 metres underground to explore the
Loch Ness is very beautiful to explore. Along the
coal face and original workings. The guides, most
western edge of the loch there are the ruins of
of whom are former miners, will explain what life
Urquhart Castle, once one of Scotland’s larges
was like and tell you what health risks and injuries
castles. The castle was the scene for many
the miners faced every day. You can also visit the
battles and conflicts and control passed
medical centre where they were treated for cuts,
repeatedly between the Scots and English.
bruises, sprains and, unfortunately, often for much
Nearby, there is also Culloden Battlefield, with an
more serious and life threatening injuries given the
interesting visitor centre and interactive
extremely dangerous nature of the job.
exhibition, and the Calendonian Canal which first
opened in 1822 and connects Fort William and
1 October 5 4.30 p.m. Inverness. Inverness, often called the Capital of
2 free 6 machinery the Highlands, is at the mouth of the river Ness
3 Victorian 7 underground which flows from Loch Ness to the Moray Firth.
4 house 8 health The city combines beautiful scenery and
interesting history, with the castle, cathedral,
5 Personal answers
botanic gardens and Ness islands.

Pages 262-263 4 1F 2 DS 3F 4T 5T 6 DS

5 2.17 FCE Listening Part 2

Explore the map
In the FLIP BOOK, you can find an interactive
When thinking of Scottish traditions, one of the
map with information and multimedia material first things to come to mind is tartan. Originally
on some of the most important and popular from the Highlands, and mentioned as far back
tourist attractions. as 1538, tartan is a fabric made up of horizontal
and vertical stripes in different colours on a
coloured background. These different colours
1 Personal answers

212 U NI T 8 | Explore the British Isles

 1 Highlands 6 athletic
were traditionally created by using local plants
2 plants and berries 7 dancing
and berries to dye the wool. There are different
3 5 metres 8 (long) wooden pole
patterns of tartan and thousands of designs are
4 purse 9 80 kg
registered with the Scottish Register of Tartans.
5 (small) dagger 10 Bagpipe
Some companies will even make up your own
design. Today tartan can be found in many items
from dog coats and coffee mugs to designer
6 Personal answers
clothes and accessories, but the most famous is
without a doubt the kilt. Traditionally five metres
of cloth were used to make a kilt. This cloth was
Pages 264-265
wrapped around the waist and then draped over
the shoulder. This upper portion of cloth could
Explore the map
be adjusted to cover more or less of the body
In the FLIP BOOK, you can find an interactive
depending on the temperature or freedom of
map with information and multimedia material
movement needed by the wearer. To complete
on some of the most important and popular
the outfit, kilts are worn with a sporran around
tourist attractions.
the waist – this is like a small purse, a kilt pin
which holds the pieces of fabric together at the
front, and a small dagger which is placed inside 1 Personal answers
the wearer’s socks. You can see kilts at
weddings, traditional dances and events such as
the Highland Games throughout Scotland. Writers: James Joyce, William Butler Yeats, George Bernard
If you are in Scotland during the summer, you Shaw, Oscar Wilde
should really try to see one of these Highland Musicians: U2, Sinéad O’Connor, Thin Lizzy, Ronan Keating,
Games events which take place most weekends Hothouse Flowers, The Chieftains
in towns and villages across the country and
combine many athletic events with fun and 2 1 Ireland is formed of Northern Ireland, with the
culture. As well as the sporting competitions, capital Belfast, and the Republic of Ireland, with
visitors are also attracted by those held for the capital Dublin.
dancing and piping, where individuals and teams 2 In Belfast, you can visit the Titanic Experience to
compete in very tough battles to win the learn about where the Titanic was built or you
accolade of best dancer or piper. The sporting could go on a tour to learn about the Troubles,
events include two very traditional games: the conflict between Catholics/Protestants and
tug-o-war and the caber toss. In the first event, the Irish/British.
two teams, or traditionally two opposing clans, 3 Trinity College is famous for the Old Library and
fight it out by pulling in opposite directions on a in particular the Book of Kells, a medieval
long rope to see who is the strongest. Thought manuscript.
to have originated from the need to throw large 4 You can see buildings from the Viking period,
logs of wood across rivers and chasms, the the 13th, 17th and 18th centuries.
caber toss sees athletes having to throw a long 5 The two main cathedrals were built in the
wooden pole, usually made from a larch tree, so Medieval period (12th and 13th centuries).
that it flips over end over end, away from the 6 You can find museums on archaeology and art.
tosser and lands in front of the person in a 12 7 The GPO and Dublin City Hall are examples of
o’clock position. Given that the pole can be Georgian architecture.
around 6 metres long and weighs close to 80kg, 8 Temple Bar is famous for its pubs and nightlife,
this is certainly not as easy as the athletes make with traditional music.
it look. Bagpipes are another great Scottish
tradition and at these Highland Games you’ll
Online worksheets
hear some spectacular music as bagpipe players
of all ages take part in solo and band You can download the worksheet CLIL –
competitions: the perfect accompaniment to a Georgian architecture from our website
great day out. www.elilaspigaedizioni.it in the section called
Explore.

Explore the British Isles | U N I T 8 213

 3 1 Glendalough, Rock of Cashel, Clonmacnoise
seen or caught by humans in order to protect
2 Newgrange at Brú na Bóinne (and the abbeys)
their secret stash of gold. This is because if you
3 Boa Island
catch a leprechaun, then according to folklore,
4 Rock of Cashel, Glendalough
he must reveal where he keeps his secret pot of
5 Rock of Cashel
gold and give it to you.
6 Brú na Bóinne

4 1 abbey 6 frescoes 1F 2T 3F 4F 5F 6T
2 church 7 tomb
3 cross 8 mound 6 Personal answers
4 carvings 9 deity
5 tower
Pages 266-267
5 2.18

1 1 The tour is in the area to the west of London
One thing that embodies the spirit of Ireland and includes Windsor Castle, Oxford,
and the Irish people is the traditional music. Blenheim Palace and the villages of the
Often a very upbeat sound, designed to get Cotswolds.
your hands clapping and feet moving, other 2 The tour is by coach and it lasts two days.
times a slower, more emotional ballad, the type 3 It leaves from Victoria Coach Station in
of music you can hear in the homes, pubs and London.
streets of Ireland varies from place to place but 4 The price does not include any meals or
is united by the desire for fun, or the craic as drinks, apart from breakfast at the hotel. The
the Irish say. The instruments used include entrance costs to other places and attractions
guitars, fiddles, flutes, banjos and drums. The that are not specifically mentioned are not
drum is the heartbeat of Irish music and the included either.
bodhrán is the most traditional. It is a frame 5 It could be aimed at a tourist who is visiting
drum, typically made of wood and goatskin, London and wants to get a feel for some
and used with a double-headed stick. typical English countryside and history. As it is
Wherever you hear Irish music, it is likely to be a coach tour, it could appeal to older people
accompanied by dancing, both informal jigs and who prefer not to drive and to those who are
reels by the locals as well as the incredible less adventurous and prefer having everything
performances carried out by professional organised.
groups. Children often start to learn the 6 Personal answer
different dances at an early age and are soon
able to put on incredible displays of speed and 2 Travelling: depart, arrive, head to, set off, drive
skill. Stepdance, for example, is a fairly formal through, stop
and regimented dance where the feet and legs Walking: roam, stroll, wander
move extremely fast while the upper body and
Learning: find out, explore, discover
arms have to remain relatively immobile. Other
forms of dance routines are for groups or
3 Personal answers
couples so, even if you’re not an expert, it’s
great fun to give them a go.
The country’s folklore is another aspect that EXPLORE GRAMMAR
fascinates visitors to Ireland: the prehistoric and
Go to the FLIP BOOK for the exercises.
Celtic myths and legends that predate
Christianity on the island and that were passed
down orally through the generations.
Leprechauns are key figures in Irish mythology.
Typically pictured wearing emerald green
clothes, with a beard and pipe, these little
figures are mischievous, cunning, and not at all
friendly as they will do anything so as not to be

214 U NI T 8 | Explore the British Isles

4 Circular letters are covered in Unit 2, pages 60-61
Sample answer:

Dear Travel Agent,

We know your customers expect the best and that is why booking a guided tour with Goldfinch Tours is a guarantee of the
best. With over 25 years’ experience and a team of professional drivers and qualified Blue Badge guides, here at Goldfinch
Tours we can guarantee reliable, informative and fun tours that cover all of England and Wales.
We would like to draw your attention to our new two-day escorted tour to Windsor, Oxford and the Cotswolds, departing
three times a week from London. Ideal for first time visitors, this tour will give them a glimpse of the history, art and
scenery of southern England. Our prices are extremely competitive and there are discounts available for group bookings.
Please contact us on 018650724 or via our website www.goldfinchtours.co.uk, where our operators will be pleased to help
you with any enquiry and booking.
We look forward to welcoming your clients on one of our tours.
Kindest regards,
Ben Livingstone
Goldfinch Tours

5 Personal answer

Pages 268-269
1

2 Possible answers: 3 Personal answers

1 It could appeal to someone who has already spent
some time in London seeing the more typical Online worksheet
sights or someone with a keen interest in the You can download the worksheet A walking tour
Royal Family who wants to see Kensington Palace. in York from our website www.elilaspigaedizioni.it
2 I think the directions are clear and easy to follow. in the section called Explore.
3 I think the description is sufficient. The only place
you might want to know more about if you visit
inside is Kensington Palace. COMPITO DI REALTÀ
4 The distance (each leg or the total) is not
indicated, and there is no approximate time which For further information about Compiti di realtà,
could be useful. It doesn’t have the opening times see pages 16-17.
for the art galleries, Kensington Palace or the
Royal Albert Hall.

Explore the British Isles | U N I T 8 215

 Page 270 Please do not hesitate to contact us by phone or email
for further details of this tour and all our services. We
1 Possible answers: look forward to being able to work with you and your
The itinerary is intended to give an idea of a clients.
route and things to see on some of the islands of Yours faithfully,
Scotland. It is certainly aimed at independent Gavin Davies
travellers, who are happy to rent/drive a car, and
explore on their own. Given the attractions and General Manager
places listed, it is not likely to appeal to families
with young children, but to adults or groups of
friends who are interested in history and nature. 3 Personal answer
It is likely to be on a tourist board website, not a
company/tour operator’s website, as it is 4 Personal answer
promoting the country/area in general and is not
selling a particular tourism product.
Pages 272-273
2 Personal answer
1 1F 2T 3F 4T 5F 6F 7T 8F

Page 271 1 It is promoting a guided coach tour.

3 The leaflet says accommodation will be in a
1 1 Davies Tours is a family-run business that real Irish pub.
organises tours for small groups of people. 5 It is by boat.
2 The company can organise everything 6 The coach will leave early in order to have
including accommodation and food, or just plenty of time to see Blarney Castle.
the areas that the client needs help with. It 8 There is time to visit several places – Maam
offers these services in Wales. Cross and Valley, Aasleagh Falls, Cong and
3 It could appeal to families with young children, Cong Abbey.
and people interested in history and castles.
4 The tour lasts 3 days.
2 Personal answers
5 You can personalise the tour to fit in with your
interests or needs.
3 Personal answers
6 They give very brief and general information
on when the castles were built, who built
them and why.
Pages 274-275
1 Sample answer:
2 Sample answer:
ADVENTURE SPIRIT
A five-day outdoor adventure in Dartmoor
Dear Sirs, National Park
Wales – land of castles, history, mountains, beautiful Join us on our next adventure in the amazing
beaches, the great outdoors and rugby. At Davies Dartmoor National Park to try kayaking, climbing,
Tours we are specialised in designing tailor-made abseiling, raft building and more. Open to everyone
tours of this idyllic country to suit any needs. between the ages of 12 and 17, this Adventure Spirit
As a family-run business, in operation for over 10 holiday is the perfect opportunity to try new and
years, we pride ourselves on offering a bespoke exciting activities and to make great friends.
service, with expert advice for all stages of the
itinerary, from transport and accommodation to food Dartmoor National Park, located in Devon in
and entertainment for small groups. southwest England, is famous for its craggy
landscape with forests, rivers and the rock
As an example of what we can offer, please see the
attached leaflet for a tour of the castles of North formations known as ‘tors’. It is easy to spot wild
Wales which lasts four days. Prices with 3-star Dartmoor ponies and other wildlife. As we explore
accommodation, all meals, transport and guide start the area and set off on may adventures, you can be
from £345. assured that our team of qualified instructors will
take care of everything, from safety talks to checking

216 U NI T 8 | Explore the British Isles

 equipment and, above all, making sure everyone is
confident and having fun whatever their level. from the Parthenon in Greece have been on
display since 1817.
Accommodation is in four or six-berth dormitories,
Obviously, you could spend all day in the
with shared bathrooms, in a wonderful house with
museum and still not have time to see
large grounds. There are several reception and
everything, but even with just a couple of hours
games rooms, with TVs, board games, table football
it’s possible to appreciate some of the
and table tennis. All meals are provided, and there
highlights and most famous exhibits. The audio
is a snack bar should you wish to purchase any
guides, available in ten languages, can help you
additional snacks or drinks.
make the most of your time in the museum and
An optional half-day trip to either Tintagel Castle or can also help organise your visit according to a
Plymouth can be requested at the time of booking. specific theme. There are often free tours and
Prices start from £295* and there are discounts for talks too.
group bookings of over 5 people. The museum is open every day, except 24th,
25th and 26th December and 1st January, from
*The price includes return transport from Exeter Train Station
(transport from Bristol Airport can be arranged for a small, 10 a.m. to 5.30 p.m. On Friday, most of the
additional fee) to the activity centre, accommodation for four galleries remain open until half past eight in the
nights, breakfast, lunch and dinner, and all special equipment evening. In summer, it gets particularly busy
for the activities. and so you might have to queue to get in. There
are two cafés, a restaurant and several gift and
2-10 Personal answers souvenir shops. Free Wi-Fi is available
throughout the museum.

Page 276 1 You can get to the museum by tube, bus and
1 on foot.
2 It was built in the 19th century (with additions
in 2000).
The British Museum is located in the heart of
London and is one of the most visited museums 3 There is no charge to get in to the museum.
in the capital. It can be easily reached by Tube, 4 The highlights include artefacts from Ancient
bus and on foot. The nearest Tube stations are Egypt, the Rosetta Stone, the Parthenon
Tottenham Court Road on the Central and Sculptures (and ancient jewellery, prehistoric
Northern lines or Holborn on the Central and tools, drawings by Michelangelo, Chinese
Piccadilly lines, and then it’s only a few minutes’ banknotes).
walk. 5 The audio guides can help visitors make the
The main core of the building, influenced by most of their time and can help arrange visits
classical Greek architecture, was built in the according to a theme.
nineteenth century, and has four main wings. 6 There are gift shops, cafes, a restaurant and
Other notable architectural features are the free Wi-Fi.
reading room with its domed ceiling and the
Great Court, designed by Norman Foster, which 2 1 contain 4 is perfect for
was opened in 2000. 2 are interested in / 5 highly recommend
The museum, which is free, hosts a vast keen on 6 highlights /
collection of art and artefacts ranging from 3 miss exhibits
prehistoric tools and fourteenth-century
Chinese banknotes to ancient jewellery and 3 Personal answer
drawings by Michelangelo. Some of the most
popular galleries are those dedicated to
Ancient Egypt, with mummies, funerary masks, Page 278
wall paintings and sculptures. The Rosetta
Stone – the key to deciphering hieroglyphs – is 1
worth seeing too. Also extremely famous, and
subject to years of dispute over their rightful Welcome to Bodiam Castle, one of the most
place, are the Parthenon Sculptures, once picturesque castles in England. It was
known as the Elgin Marbles. These sculptures constructed in 1385 by Sir Edward Dalyngrigge,

Explore the British Isles | U N I T 8 217


a knight during the reign of King Richard II. He
2 1 stands dramatically
2 bear witness
got permission from the King to fortify the
3 was built/constructed
lands he owned and he built the castle near the
4 was seized/attacked
River Rother to protect it against invasion from
5 was altered/added to
the French. Unlike many castles, it was not built
6 myths and legends
in stages but completed in one go ‑ it probably
took about 5 to 7 years to build ‑ and in one
3 Personal answers
style.
The first impressive thing you note when
arriving at Bodiam is the moat. For a castle, the
moat serves a defensive purpose that it makes
Pages 280-281
it difficult for attacking forces to gain access to 1 ES
the base of the castle walls. In this case,
1 The fastest way to get to the bottom of the
however, it also has much more of an aesthetic
four-man zipline is to roll up as tightly as
and ornamental purpose. The size of the moat
possible.
means that the complete image of the castle is
2 They are head-height waves which last 150m.
reflected in the water and it makes the castle
3 The ‘Go Below’ assault course involves
look more imposing as it is isolated from the
climbing a waterfall, crossing an abyss,
surrounding countryside.
ascending a vertical shaft, abseiling down one
The castle is basically a square shape with a
of the deepest points in the UK and a 21m-free
central courtyard and the buildings against the
fall jump.
curtain wall. There are circular towers at the
4 Because you are lying flat, face down and
four corners, with square central towers on
going head firsts at speeds of 160km/h at
three walls. The main entrance was through the
150m high on a 1.6km zip line.
twin-towered gatehouse on the north face of
5 You need to wear a wetsuit for Canyon
the castle. Only part of a wall survives today of
Xtreme canyoning.
what was the barbican, providing more
6 It used to be a slate mine and now it is an
protection, and there would have been a
underground trampoline park.
drawbridge. Other defensive mechanisms were
the portcullis, the arrow slits, machicolations
2 Personal answers
and murder holes. The machicolations on the
walls and the murder holes in the ceiling of the
gatehouse, served the same purpose: during an
3 2.19 FCE Listening Part 3
attack they could be used to drop boiling liquid,
Speaker 1
stones or rocks and to fire arrows onto the
I don’t want to comment on the food as that’s
attacking forces below.
what everyone always moans about, so instead
As we have seen, the castle has a series of
I want to mention the museums. The way we see
defence features, but it was obviously designed
museums in my country is very different. Here,
with comfort in mind too and was meant to be
whether the museum is focused on art, science,
an elegant stately home as much as a defensive
war or photography, they always manage to
building. The living quarters were well planned,
make everything accessible and interesting to
with a chapel, the Lord and Lady’s apartments,
everyone, with great displays and lots of
a great hall, kitchen, well and servants’ quarters.
information. You don’t need to be an expert to
The interior of the castle is in ruins, but we can
be able to enjoy yourself and come away having
see the evidence of many garderobes, or toilets,
learnt something new. And I can’t believe most
and fireplaces – note that there aren’t any in the
of the museums are free – it’s wonderful.
servants’ areas though.
Speaker 2
We arrived three days ago and this is our first
1 1385, French 4 the same
visit to the UK, so we’re very excited. First
2 size 5 comfortable
impressions are good: the people are very polite
3 square 6 in ruins
and helpful if you ask them anything. Public
transport is an efficient way of going from one

218 U NI T 8 | Explore the British Isles


place to another. It’s mostly on time and I can 6 Personal answers
easily find my way around. I expect that might
change though when we get to London, as it is 7
so much bigger than anything we are used to.

Speaker 3 A = Tourist information assistant, B = Tourist
In my country, I live on the coast and just love A Hello! How can I help you?
the water and all kinds of water sports, so I B I’d like some information about tickets for the
wanted to find out more about the coast of the underground and buses. It seems very
UK. I had heard that the South Coast was lovely complicated.
so headed down to Brighton. I made the mistake A Not really, honestly. Have you got a contactless
of going into the sea. The water was so cold I debit card?
thought I was going to die! But it was a lot of B Yes, I have.
fun. I thought British people were reserved ‑ but A Then you can use that for all your journeys on
actually they really know how to have a good public transport here in London.
time and enjoy themselves. Nobody wanted to B Is it that easy? I thought I needed to get a
join me in my swim though. special card. What about my son? He obviously
doesn’t have a debit card. What do I do about
Speaker 4
getting tickets for him?
I’m here visiting London with my friends. But it’s
A How old is he?
just so big and there are so many people! It takes
B Nearly 10.
a long time to get from one side of the city to
A Well, he doesn’t have to pay. All children under 11
the other ‑ even on the underground. It’s true
are free on London Transport.
that there are free things to do, but it is very
B Excellent. Thank you.
expensive for people like us that want to do the
A Is there anything else I can help you with?
tourist things like the London Eye and the Tower
B Yes, I was wondering about getting a sightseeing
of London. The entrance fees are very pricey. But
pass, the one that gives you free entry to over
I like the fact that you can see famous people
80 attractions, places like the zoo, the Tower of
just walking along the streets here ‑ it’s
London and so on. I saw a leaflet on it.
awesome!
A Can I ask how long you are staying in London
Speaker 5 for?
I last visited the UK 30 years ago and I reckon B Only three days I’m afraid. I wish we could stay
that a lot has changed since then. People wear longer as there is so much we want to do.
more casual clothes nowadays and eat out at A I don’t think it is worth it for a short visit. You
restaurants from all over the world. The pubs won’t save any money.
have got a great atmosphere and people don’t B I see…
smoke in them anymore. But the weather hasn’t A Don’t forget that most of the museums are free
changed at all ‑ you still need to be prepared to visit.
each day for anything the British weather can B Yes, thanks. We certainly want to go to the
throw at you ‑ from warm sunshine to a cold British Museum. I expect we’ll spend nearly all
downpour ‑ it’s crazy! day there. My son is a real ancient history fan.
One last question. Where’s the best place to go
for a family meal?
1h 2e 3a 4c 5f
A Well, there are so many good places, of course.
4 2.19 Do you like Chinese food? If so, I really
recommend going to Chinatown.
1 The way we see 5 can easily find
B Thank you for all your help.
2 need to be an 6 was so cold
A You’re welcome. Enjoy your stay!
expert 7 It’s true that
3 can’t believe 8 I reckon
4 First impressions 8 Personal answers

5 Personal answer

Explore the British Isles | U N I T 8 219

 UNIT 9 Explore the USA
Page 282 created in 1861 and the first transcontinental
railroad in 1869.
1 Personal answers However, the pioneers didn’t find an empty
continent, but came face-to-face with the
2 1T 2F 3F 4F 5T 6T 7T 8F Indian populations which were independent
2 They run north to south down the centre of the although under federal control.
country. When the eleventh US Census was taken in
3 There is the Sierra Nevada mountain range and 1890, the superintendent announced that there
the Cascade Mountains. was no longer a clear line of advancing
4 It connects the lakes with the Atlantic Ocean. settlement, and hence no longer a frontier in
8 While California has a Mediterranean climate, the continental United States. Historian
San Francisco is often cooler and has a lot of Frederick Jackson Turner used the statistic to
fog. announce the end of the era in which the
frontier process shaped the American
character.
Page 283 As the American frontier passed into history,
the myths of the west in fiction and film took
1 1 The US is a constitutional Federal Republic and firm hold in the imagination of Americans and
there are three separate branches of of the world.
government – legislative (Congress with the
House of Representatives and the Senate), The American Indian Wars were a series of
executive and judicial. conflicts between the American settlers or the
2 The District of Columbia is a federal district federal government and the native peoples of
where Washington DC is located and it is not North America. The wars were spurred by
part of any state. ideologies such as Manifest Destiny, which held
3 It is important as it is the framework for the that the United States was destined to expand
system of government and states the powers from coast to coast on the American continent,
and checks each branch has over the other two. and which resulted in the policy of Indian
4 Italy’s constitution is much newer than that of removal: indigenous peoples were removed
the USA, but it has similarities. They both from the areas where Europeans were settling,
underline popular sovereignty and rule by the either forcefully or by means of voluntary
people. They both indicate a system of three exchange of territory through treaties. The
branches to avoid absolute power with any one Native Americans were forced into the so-
branch of government, with a system of checks called Indian reservations, regardless of their
and balances. Both constitutions set out the numbers and their needs. Some of the wars
rights of individuals. that have passed into legend are:
• the Great Sioux War of 1876–77, when the
Dakota gold rush penetrated the Black Hills.
Pages 284-285 A great warrior, Sitting Bull, had a vision of
the Sioux’s victory against American forces
Background information and inspired several major leaders including
Crazy Horse and Chief Gall to confront the
Through treaties with foreign nations and
enemy at the Battle of the Little Bighorn on
native tribes, political compromise, military
25th June 1876. General George Custer and
conquest, establishment of law and order, the
his men were all killed by the far more
United States frontier moved from the Atlantic
numerous Indian forces which comprised the
coast to the Pacific coast. The pioneers
Lakota, the Northern Cheyenne and the
explored and discovered new territories,
Arapaho tribes. Months after the battle,
created routes and trails following rivers and
Sitting Bull and his group left the United
crossing mountains, they built farms, ranches
States for Wood Mountain, Saskatchewan,
and towns, dug mines and developed trade.
where he remained until 1881, at which time
The First Transcontinental Telegraph was
he surrendered to US forces;

220 U NI T 9 | Explore the USA

 3 Native Americans were killed by fighting or by
• the Navajo and Apache conflicts are perhaps
the diseases brought by the European explorers
the best known. The last major campaign of
and settlers, so their number was drastically
the US military against Native Americans in
reduced.
the Southwest involved 5,000 troops in the
4 The protestors at the Boston Tea Party were
field, which caused the Apache Geronimo
protesting against oppressive restrictions and
and his band of 24 warriors, women and
taxes imposed by Britain.
children to surrender in 1886.
5 The first President of the United States was
George Washington.
The American Civil War was fought from 1861 6 The ‘Louisiana Purchase’ was the acquisition of a
to 1865 between the United States (the Union massive area of land around the Mississippi and
or the North) and several Southern states that the Great Plains which was bought from the
had declared their secession and formed the French in 1803.
Confederate States of America (the 7 The northern states were the main centres of
Confederacy or the South). finance, commerce and manufacturing where
In the spring of 1861, the simmering tensions slavery was illegal. The southern states were
over such issues as states’ rights versus federal mainly agricultural and used slave labour to
authority, westward expansion and slavery produce tobacco, sugar and cotton.
exploded into war. The election of the anti- 8 The country became less rural and more urban,
slavery Republican Abraham Lincoln as with lots of industries, more railroads and the
president in 1860 had already caused seven arrival of millions of immigrants.
southern states to secede from the Union to
form the Confederate States of America; four 3 Personal answers
more joined them after the first shots of the
Civil War were fired. Four years of extremely
Online worksheet
bloody conflict followed, marked by historic
battles at Bull Run, Antietam, Chancellorsville, You can download the worksheet Slave trade
Gettysburg and Vicksburg, among others. By from our website www.elilaspigaedizioni.it
the time it ended in Confederate surrender in in the section called Explore.
1865, the Civil War had proved to be the
costliest war ever fought on American soil, with
some 620,000 of 2.4 million soldiers killed,
millions more injured and the population and Pages 286-287
territory of the South devastated. When the
Confederacy was defeated, union between the 1 ‘Tear down this wall’ – President Reagan’s speech
states was established, slavery was abolished in Berlin in 1987, referring to the Berlin Wall, and
(under The Thirteenth Amendment), and the making his remarks to General Secretary
difficult Reconstruction process of restoring Gorbachev.
unity and guaranteeing rights to the freed ‘A date which will live in infamy’ – President
slaves began. Franklin D Roosevelt addressing the nation the day
after the attack on Pearl Harbor.
1 1492: the discovery of America by Christopher ‘Yes we can’ – Barack Obama’s slogan in his 2007
Columbus presidential campaign.
1776: the Declaration of Independence
‘I have a dream’ – Part of Martin Luther King’s
1861: the beginning of the Civil War
speech in Washington, 1963.

2 1 First Americans probably arrived around 20,000 ‘Today, our fellow citizens, our way of life, our very
to 60,000 years ago. They probably arrived by freedom came under attack in a series of
crossing the bridge of land that once linked Asia deliberate and deadly terrorist acts.’ – President
to Alaska. George W Bush in an announcement after the
2 The English formed their first colonies along the terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001.
Atlantic Coast from Jamestown in Virginia to
Plymouth Massachusetts.

Explore the USA | U N I T 9 221


Background information 1966 to 1975, enlarged the aims of the Civil
Racial discrimination in the USA. Following the Rights Movement to include racial dignity,
American Civil War, three constitutional economic and political self-sufficiency, and
amendments were passed, including the 13th freedom from oppression. Noted legislative
Amendment that ended slavery, the 14th achievements during this phase of the Civil
Amendment that gave African Americans Rights Movement were passage of Civil Rights
citizenship, and the 15th Amendment that gave Act of 1964, that banned discrimination based
African American males the right to vote. From on ‘race, colour, religion, or national origin’ in
1865 to 1877 during the ‘Reconstruction’, some employment practices and public
states in the South resisted the enforcement of accommodations; the Voting Rights Act of 1965,
these constitutional amendments. African that restored and protected voting rights; and
Americans and other racial minorities rejected the Fair Housing Act of 1968, that banned
this regime. They resisted it in numerous ways discrimination in the sale or rental of housing.
and sought better opportunities through African Americans re-entered politics in the
lawsuits, new organisations, political redress, South, and across the country young people
and labour organising. The National Association were inspired to action.
for the Advancement of Coloured People
(NAACP) was founded in 1909. It fought to end 2 1 The Japanese carried out a surprise attack on
race discrimination through litigation, education, the US naval base, destroying ships and planes.
and lobbying efforts. The situation for blacks 2 They had sent war material to the Allies, but
outside the South was somewhat better (in were not actually at war.
most states they could vote and have their 3 The Montgomery bus boycott was a period
children educated, though they still faced when the town’s black citizens refused to use
discrimination in housing and jobs). From 1910 the bus system because of segregation.
to 1970, African Americans sought better lives 4 King believed in non-violent methods of
by migrating north and west. A total of nearly opposition, using things like boycotts and mass
seven million blacks left the South in what was marches to demonstrate and fight against
known as the Great Migration. discrimination.
African Americans adopted a combined strategy 5 The countries were the USA and the USSR
of direct action with nonviolent resistance (Soviet Union).
known as civil disobedience, giving rise to the 6 The word ‘war’ was used because there was a
African-American Civil Rights Movement of lot of tension and conflict, with both sides
1955–1968. The movement was characterised by seeming ready to start a war as they increased
major campaigns of civil resistance. Forms of their nuclear weapons.
protest and/or civil disobedience included 7 Al-Qaeda terrorists hijacked 4 passenger
boycotts such as the successful Montgomery airliners and flew them into targets in New York
Bus Boycott (1955–1956) in Alabama, sparked by and Washington. One plane crashed in a field.
Rosa Parks’ refusal to give up her seat on a 8 The terrorist attacks created both a lot of
public bus to a white man, and directed by anti-Islamic feelings and sympathisers in the
Martin Luther King; ‘sit-ins’ such as the west, as well as an increase in terrorist
influential Greensboro sit-ins (1960) in North organisations and individuals acting in the name
Carolina to defy racial segregation in public of, or inspired by these groups.
schools; marches, such as the 1963 march on 9 During his first presidential campaign, Obama
Washington for jobs and freedom at end of gave voters a message of hope and the idea
which Martin Luther King delivered the famous that change was possible.
17-minute speech ‘I Have a Dream’, from the 10 During his presidency, he was involved in ending
steps of the Lincoln Memorial; and a wide range US combat operations in Iraq, improving
of other nonviolent activities. However, some relations with Cuba and introducing healthcare
black activists paid with their life: Martin Luther reforms.
King was assassinated in Memphis on 4th April
1968. 3 Personal answers
The emergence of the Black Power Movement,
led by Malcolm X and which lasted roughly from

222 U NI T 9 | Explore the USA

 Pages 288-289
Online worksheet
1 Possible answers: You can download the worksheet Eating out
in the USA from our website
www.elilaspigaedizioni.it in the section called
How to Where to What to What to
Explore.
travel sleep eat buy
A retired fly to hotel in specialities clothes,
couple the USA, a city or of the souvenirs for
from hiring a lodge in region, in grandchildren Pages 290-291
Europe car and a national restaurants

public park and diners
transport Explore the map
In the FLIP BOOK, you can find an interactive map
A family fly to the motels, fast clothing and with information and multimedia material on some
with USA, hire camping, food like sneakers,
of the most important and popular tourist
young a car and rent an burgers sports shirts
maybe apartment and hot and caps attractions.
children
public or villa dogs
from Italy
transport
in a city Possible answers:
designer Ischia, Cerchiara in Calabria, Segesta and Vulcano in Sicily
A group fly to camping local
the USA, or cabins specialities clothing, and Fordongianus in Sardinia have heated tide pools and
of
public in National in cheap sports shirts fumaroles.
teenagers
transport Parks, places like and caps,
from
simple diners, typical 1 1 There are Art Deco hotels on Ocean Drive, a
China souvenirs
hotels or food trucks
wide beach with bright lifeguard huts, lots of
Airbnb and cafés;
fast food restaurants and bars.
2 It is laidback and liberal.
You Personal Personal Personal Personal 3 There are Malibu, Santa Monica and Venice beach,
answer answer answer answer each with their own atmosphere. Malibu is famous
for surfing and celebrities. Venice is alternative
with body builders and eccentric characters.
2 Personal answers Santa Monica has a famous pier and aquarium.
4 It is a stretch of coastline which is in its natural
3 Personal answers state with little human intervention. It is wild and
craggy, with cliffs and waterfalls.
4 1 It is referred to as a melting pot because there 5 You can visit a couple of pretty towns like
are people of different races, ethnicities, religion Carmel, where there is a quiet cove, or Monterey
etc. which make up the country. which has an Hispanic history. There are cliffs,
2 You can see incredible nature ranging from covered with cypress trees, to explore.
mountains and deserts to hills, valleys and 6 Water sports like surfing, paddleboarding,
beaches. snorkelling and diving are popular and you can
3 It can be important as you can discover also go whale watching.
something unusual and different which 7 It is good because the area has been protected
otherwise you would have missed. by strict conservation laws allowing the marine
4 Possible answer: In my opinion, yes, because you life to thrive.
can find almost anything you want and try lots 8 They are responsible for continually changing
of new things. the landscape and coastline through new lava
5 Possible answer: In some respects it is the leader flows and their heat creates warm tide pools.
in trends in technology and design, with
companies like Apple, but for fashion Italy and 2 Activities: surfing, kitesurfing, snorkelling,
France are the leaders for me. paddleboarding, diving, whale watching, shopping,
6 I would add the size of the cities and sunbathing, golf, people-watching, exploring, sport
skyscrapers, as well as the chance to see places fishing, bike rides, boat trips, walks, celebrity-
which you have seen on TV and in films. spotting

Explore the USA | U N I T 9 223

 Natural features: bay, cliff, lagoon, rainforest, 1 an hour 5 fishing
waterfall, valley, tide pool, rocks, volcano, beach, 2 forks 6 Atlantic Ocean
coral reef, mangrove swamp, headland, cypress 3 Gold Coast 7 B&B
trees 4 mansions 8 Lighthouse
Man-made features: airport, resort, hotel, golf
course, lifeguard hut, bar, restaurant, shipwreck,
4 Personal answers
house, pier, aquarium, amusement park, village,
boardwalk, rollercoaster
Pages 292-293
3 2.20 FCE Listening Part 2
1 Personal answers

Long Island, often considered the summer
playground for the rich and famous, is easy to 2
reach from New York City in less than an hour. At
the eastern part, it is adjacent to the urban
boroughs of Brooklyn and Queens, but as you GRAND
travel further, there are fewer developments and CANYON
miles of farmland, open countryside and wide
sandy beaches. At the far end, Long Island divides
into two forks – the North Fork and the South
Fork. Facts and Figures Natural Features
The North Shore of Long Island faces onto the 1.6 km deep, 446 km canyon walls
stretch of water know as Long Island Sound. The of river, up to 39 km carved by the
part of the coast known as the Gold Coast was wide, 2 billion years river, different
where some of the richest families in the USA used old, South Rim (open geological
all year), North Rim formations
to live. It is also the area immortalised in F. Scott
Fitzgerald’s novel The Great Gatsby. To get a
(closed in winter)
glimpse of what life was like for the privileged few,
some of the mansions are open to the public. You
should visit the three mansions which are located Wildlife
at Sands Point Preserve, including Falaise, the /
former home of Harry Guggenheim, and the
opulent, Tudor-style Hempstead House. There are
many other activities to do in the area, such as a
fishing trip from Huntingdon Marina, or museums,
galleries and shops to visit.
The South Shore of Long Island faces out onto the YELLOWSTONE
Atlantic Ocean whose waves lap onto the shores
of beautiful and famous beaches such as the
Hamptons, the area preferred by New Yorkers and
the rich and famous for their weekend breaks and
Facts and Figures Natural Features
summer holidays. Accommodation is available in
oldest National Park, volcano, geysers,
various lodges and hotels, but I recommend fumaroles, mud
over 4 million visitors
looking for a traditional shingle style home right every year, busy in pots, hot springs
on the beach which has been transformed into a summer
B&B. You’ll be guaranteed excellent service and a
great view. Exploring the area of the South Fork,
as well as the villas and mansions of the rich and
famous, there is a whaling museum in Sag Harbor Wildlife
and at the furthest eastern tip of the fork, there is grizzly bears, bison, wolves,
the windy and wild area of Montauk Point and its coyotes, eagles
lighthouse – dating from 1796 – which is well
worth a visit.

224 U NI T 9 | Explore the USA

 3 2.21 FCE Listening Part 2

The National Park Service in the United States has a
YOSEMITE long history. Yellowstone was the first National Park
in the country, set up in 1872, and by the start of the
20th century there were more than 14 other
national parks. So, just over 100 years ago in 1916,
Facts and Figures Natural Features the National Park Service was established in order
giant sequoia over giant sequoia trees, to give a unified and organised leadership to the
2,700 years old waterfalls, granite cliffs, running of the parks. Today, the service administers
domes and pinnacles, 58 national parks and many other national
grassy meadows monuments and heritage areas across all the states,
employing around 20,000 people and with over
300,000 volunteers. Not all the parks charge an
entrance fee, but those that do can be organised
Wildlife on a per person basis, where each person pays an
/ entrance fee, or a per vehicle basis, which allows all
the people travelling in a single private car or van
to enter the park. Some dates in a year are entrance
free dates. There are also different passes available
which are especially useful for families and visitors
GLACIER going to more than one park during a trip.
The rangers and the visitors centres in the parks are
fundamental to the running of the parks and for
your enjoyment. There are always a number of
Facts and Figures Natural Features ranger-led activities such as free guided hikes and
campfire talks. They’ll also provide you with all the
Going-to-the-Sun waterfalls, alpine
Road 50 miles meadows, glacier- information you need on weather conditions within
long carved valleys, lakes, the park and it is fundamental you get all the latest
rivers, mountains information before you set off on a walk or a hike.
You must also pay careful attention to any of the
instructions and warnings given to you by the
rangers or that are posted around the park. They
Wildlife are there for your safety. In parks where there are
black bears, grizzlies, wolves, bears, for example, there are warning signs
bighorn sheep, mountain goats reminding you that is it is necessary to store food in
lockers and to never leave anything edible in your
car or your tent. Wildlife is one of the main reasons
for visiting many of the national parks and it is
important to respect rules about feeding or
DEATH
approaching animals, birds or fish. Taking the
VALLEY
example of bears again, you need to know how to
react if you come across one during your hike.
Contrary to what might come naturally, it is vital
not to run and you should never climb a tree in the
Facts and Figures Natural Features
hope of getting away – bears are very good
largest park outside sand dunes,
climbers!
Alaska, average mountain peaks,
temperature 44°C different rock
in summer layers 1 (just over) 100 years 4 weather conditions
2 vehicle 5 food
3 free guided hikes 6 not to run

Wildlife 4 Personal answers

diverse wildlife

Explore the USA | U N I T 9 225

 Pages 294-295 2 1 It is situated in New York Harbour and it
represents freedom and light.
1 Personal answers 2 You can see a museum about the island’s history
as an immigration centre.
2 1 don’t have to / needn’t 3 It is a memorial built to commemorate the 9/11
2 Capitol Hill attacks. It has two pools, the names of the
3 the Great Hall and the domed Reading Room victims and a plaza filled with oak trees.
with all its decorations and statues 4 You can find observation decks at the Top of the
4 Greek Temples Rock and the Empire State Building.
5 go to the top of the Washington Monument 5 You can also go shopping, have something to
6 arranged in advance through the US embassy eat, and in winter you can ice skate and look at
7 museums, galleries and a zoo the Christmas tree.
8 400,000 US military personnel and past 6 The shopping on Fifth Avenue is excellent, with
presidents many famous stores and boutiques.

3 Personal answers 3 2.22 FCE Listening Part 3

While you’re in New York City, you must make time
Pages 296-297 to explore the different districts, each with a distinct
vibe. Chinatown is obviously where you will find just
about everything Chinese you could possibly want,
Explore the map from food and clothes to temples and sports. There
In the FLIP BOOK, you can find an interactive map are a huge number of shops for products like
with information and multimedia material on some medicinal herbs, traditional porcelain and incredible
of the most important and popular tourist foods, some of which you might not have seen or
attractions. tasted before. Columbus Park is a lively square,
especially at weekends, where you might come
across groups of people doing Tai Chi or having a
1 Personal answers game of cards. The choice of restaurants is huge,
and prices are reasonable in many of them. If you’re
It is symbolic because it is the year the Declaration of looking for a little history regarding Chinatown and
Independence was signed. the immigration of Chinese people to the USA, the
Museum of Chinese in America has some beautifully
displayed exhibits, photographs and films.
The West Village, which is also known as Greenwich
Background information
Village or just The Village, is no longer as radical as
Ellis Island was the United States’ principal it once was in the 1960s when it attracted rebellious
immigration reception centre, with over 12 countercultural groups and activities. Some of the
million immigrants entering the country through streets, like Bedford and Grove, haven’t changed
the island between 1892 and 1924. It lies about 1 much though and are still full of the beautiful
mile (1.6 km) southwest of Manhattan and has brownstone buildings of the past and that now
an area of about 27 acres (11 hectares). feature on so many TV programmes and films.
Ellis Island continued to serve as a detention Washington Square Park and the massive
station for aliens and deportees until 1954. It Washington Arch and fountain will also be a familiar
became part of Statue of Liberty National site from the many film scenes that are shot here.
Monument (along with nearby Liberty Island) in On a typical day, this public square is full of chess
1965 and was reopened to visitors in 1976 by players, who occupy tables in the southwest corner,
the National Park Service. In the 1980s the and students from New York University who can be
buildings were restored and later opened as the found sunbathing and socialising.
Ellis Island Immigration Museum. The museum Home to a thriving gay community, many renowned
chronicles the role of Ellis island in the history art galleries and old slaughter houses which have
of immigration and portrays many of the stories been converted into restaurants, clubs, wine bars
of immigrants themselves, their courage and and shops, Chelsea and the Meat Packing District is
determination to start a new life. a great area to visit. The High Line is a regeneration

226 U NI T 9 | Explore the USA


project which has seen an old elevated rail line Cincinnati. Although he didn’t actually have a
turned into an urban park. Full of different plants degree in engineering, he was nevertheless credited
and trees, you can stroll past buildings, factories as the engineer who designed and built the Golden
and apartments and even stop for a picnic. At the Gate Bridge. Strauss was a dreamer and was
end of the High Line, there is the Whitney Museum determined to build something big – his plans were
of American Art which was moved here from the for a truly daring bridge!
Upper East Side and opened in 2015. Its permanent The Golden Gate Bridge is located in an area prone
collection includes some magnificent paintings by to earthquakes. In fact, in 1989 an earthquake with a
Edward Hopper. magnitude of 7.1 caused 68 deaths in the San
Francisco Bay region. Fortunately the Bridge wasn’t
1 medicinal herbs 5 chess players damaged but it prompted a seismic retrofit program
2 Tai Chi 6 art galleries that is still ongoing today.
3 Chinese in America 7 rail line The two impressive Art Deco towers are almost 227
4 the 1960s 8 2015 metres high and support the main cables. The
ironworkers who worked on the towers were also
4 Possible answers: known as ‘the men of high steel’. They had to be
1 Ellis Island, Met Fifth Avenue, National extremely careful as windy conditions, fog, mist and
September 11 Memorial and Museum ice, all made work very dangerous.
2 Empire State Building, Top of the Rock, Times However, during the construction of the Bridge,
Square, One World Trade Center, Staten Island Strauss was particularly concerned about the safety
Ferry of workers. He insisted the workers wear hard hats
3 Fifth Avenue, Rockefeller Center and also imposed other safety measures including a
4 Empire State Building, Top of the Rock, One ‘safety net’ which was installed beneath the Bridge.
World Trade Center This saved a total of 19 lives. It took just over four
5 Staten Island Ferry, Fifth Avenue to see the years to complete the Golden Gate Bridge and on
sights and one museum, like MoMA May 27th 1937, the opening celebrations began. This
6 Central Park, Ellis Island day was called ‘Pedestrian Day’ and it is estimated
that 200,000 people took part in the celebrations.
5 Personal answers May 28th was for automobiles and on this day,
President Roosevelt sent a telegram declaring the

Bridge open to the entire world.
Pages 298-299
1 Personal answers 2 1T 2F 3F 4T 5F 6F 7F 8F

2 There is a lot of nature and marine and bird life

Possible answers:
to be seen as well.
In the USA, Los Angeles, Chicago and New York. 3 They are free and are on the platforms around
In the UK, London. the pier.
5 It connects San Francisco to Marin County.
6 It has several buildings, including museums and
Explore the map a glass and wood conservatory.
In the FLIP BOOK, you can find an interactive map 7 It’s the name given to the painted Victorian
with information and multimedia material on some houses near Alamo Square.
of the most important and popular tourist attractions. 8 There are only ten miles of track left and three lines.

3 Personal answers
Video: The Golden Gate Bridge

Pages 300-301
Joseph Strauss, the chief engineer of the Golden
Gate Bridge, was born in 1870 in Ohio in the United 1 Possible answers
States. His mother was a pianist and his father a
writer and painter. Background information
In 1892 Strauss graduated with a degree in Hollywood is a district in Los Angeles,
economics and business from the University of California. Due to its fame and cultural identity

Explore the USA | U N I T 9 227


as the historical centre of film studios and film competition is limited, the weather is good and
stars, the word Hollywood is often used as a the transport links and infrastructure are
metonym of American cinema. sufficient to support the huge number of visitors.
Hollywood fame started in 1911 with the The company continually invests and updates
production of silent movies. Sound was the attractions at the different parks and today
introduced in 1927 which was also the year of the rides they offer are some of the biggest,
the first Oscar ceremony. The industry fastest and tallest in the world. For example, the
developed exponentially in the 1930s and the record-breaking Texas SkyScreamer is the tallest
1940s which saw the introduction of colour swing carousel ride in the world. The Zumanjaro
films. Then came a long period of dwindling Drop of Doom at Six Flags Great Adventure in
interest in cinema due to the development of New Jersey is the world’s tallest drop ride,
the television, but the 1970s saw a revival of dropping an incredible 415 feet at 90 miles an
Hollywood’s fortunes with a new type of film, hour. And Goliath, the world’s fastest wooden
the blockbuster. Today Hollywood is still rollercoaster, can be found near Chicago at Six
enjoying its fame as the historical centre of the Flags Great America. But the parks do not offer
film industry but it is not the main centre of just extreme rides and thrilling rollercoasters. In
film production. Independent filmmaking has every park, there are always lots of gentle rides
become widespread with the availability of that are suitable for children, 3D rides, water
new technology, such as computer-generated rides and other attractions. You’ll find lots of live
imagery and computer animation. entertainment and shows, as well as numerous
The famous Hollywood sign is situated on dining and shopping opportunities in all the
Mount Lee in the Hollywood Hills area of the parks. One thing which has been introduced to
Santa Monica Mountains. It was first installed in some of the parks is animal attractions, with
1923 with the name Hollywoodland, then safari experiences and the chance to see and
changed to Hollywood and recently restored. learn about wild animals like lions, tigers and
giraffes. A day out at one of the Six Flag Parks is
not a cheap experience and ticket prices per
2 1 Orlando, Los Angeles person can be over $75. However, especially for
2 Kennedy Space Center in Florida families and for advance bookings, if you look
3 Las Vegas online, you will easily be able to find special rates
4 Universal Orlando, Universal Studios (LA) which will make visiting a park a much more
5 Kennedy Space Center, Universal Studios (LA) affordable option and you will be guaranteed
6 SeaWorld in Orlando hours and hours of fun for everyone.
7 Las Vegas
8 [A bit of a fun/trick question to generate a
1 17 4 wooden rollercoaster
discussion] Walk of Fame, Chinese Theatre in LA
2 57 years 5 animal attractions
as you can see the stars’ ‘stars’, footprints and
3 rides 6 special rates
handprints; Kennedy Space Center if you mean
real stars in space; Magic Kingdom if you 4 Personal answers
consider Mickey Mouse and other cartoon
characters stars!
Pages 302-303
3 2.23 FCE Listening Part 2
1 1 It suggests you can see and do these things in


With $1.4 billion in revenue, Six Flags one day.
Entertainment Corporation is one of the world’s 2 It starts in front of City Hall in Manhattan and
largest regional theme park companies and has ends in the area of Brooklyn called Williamsburg.
20 parks in North America, 17 in the USA and the 3 To get to Brooklyn, it suggests walking over
others in Canada and Mexico. Its rollercoasters, Brooklyn Bridge and then to walk or take the
rides, water parks and other attractions have subway to the various places.
been entertaining millions of people since the 4 You can see the skyline of Lower Manhattan, the
company began over 57 years ago. The Parks are East River and Brooklyn, in particular Brooklyn
all located in prime locations, such as California, Heights and Brooklyn Bridge Park.
Texas and New England, where the direct 5 There is a tree-lined walkway, playgrounds, a

228 U NI T 9 | Explore the USA

 roller rink and places to buy food. There are also 3 The accommodation is in five-star hotels with
converted warehouses. breakfast.
6 You can walk around the park, maybe have a 4 There are suggestions for some cultural/historical
picnic, visit the zoo and Botanical Garden. At the sightseeing as well as lots of information on
entrance to the park there is a monument, an shopping, entertainment and food.
arch, and nearby there is the Brooklyn Museum. 5 Possible answer: A travel agent has probably
7 It is fashionable and trendy, with independent prepared this tour for his/her clients according
shops and good nightlife. to their specific wishes.
8 You can get food from street vendors along the 6 Possible answer: I think the clients told the travel
waterfront in Brooklyn Bridge Park, in the area agent the area of the USA they wanted to visit
called Dumbo and Williamsburg. and the length of the holiday. They probably
said they didn’t have a problem with the budget
2 iconic bridge, historic district, beautiful (the hotels are five-star and the type of car
neighbourhood, magnificent brownstone houses, indicated for the rental is quite expensive). It
tree-lined walkway, amazing view, great sweeping seems that they wanted a combination of
views, trendy area, old warehouses, pleasant park , sightseeing with lots of shopping and
interesting zoo impressive beaux arts arch, interesting entertainment.
zoo, trendy district, independent boutiques
2 We recommend, we suggest, make the most of,
3 Possible answer: perfect for, worth a visit, you can/could, you
Young people that are interested in fashion and should definitely see, you won’t want to miss
trendy places would enjoy Brooklyn, especially
Williamsburg. Most tourists would be interested in 3 Sample answer:
seeing at least the Brooklyn Bridge and the
waterfront area, because it is such an iconic image
of New York. The area of Brooklyn Heights would Dear Ms Thompson and Mr Prescott,
be good for those who like to see the classic Further to our previous conversations, I am pleased to
homes and architecture of the city. In general, it attach the proposed itinerary for your fly-drive holiday
would appeal to a wide audience although it is a on the East Coast of the USA. As agreed, I have
planned the itinerary for a total of 20 days, with
lot to do and see in a day, with quite a lot of international flights, car hire and 5-star
walking too. accommodation on a bed and breakfast basis.
The tour starts in Boston, where I have suggested
4 Personal answers
several cultural activities as well as recommendations
for shopping and a day trip to Cape Cod to see the
EXPLORE GRAMMAR characteristic architecture and sample the local
seafood. The next stop, and the city where
1
1 leave, ’ll miss 4 ’ll give, don’t speak I recommend staying more days, is New York City.
2 have, ’ll get/can get 5 will take, is I have proposed a luxurious boutique hotel in midtown
3 isn't, ’ll hold so as to place you in the centre of all the action and
sights that Manhattan offers. Before concluding your
holiday in Washington DC, I have included a couple of
other stops to meet your needs for some culture,
Video tutorial shopping and relaxation.
In the FLIP BOOK, you can find a Video tutorial The price including business class international flights,
about the First conditional. car hire, accommodation and breakfast is £4,840 per
person. This excludes insurance, but please let me
know if you would like me to organise this on your
behalf or whether you already have a travel and
5 Personal answers
medical insurance package.
Please do not hesitate to contact me for any further
Pages 304-305 details and I look forward to hearing from you as soon
as possible in order to confirm the flights and
accommodation.
1 1 The trip is for 19 nights / 20 days with a rental car.
2 The price includes flights, car hire, hotels with Yours sincerely,
breakfast but does not include other meals, or John Smith
insurance.

Explore the USA | U N I T 9 229

 4 Personal answers COMPITO DI REALTÀ
5 Personal answers For further information about Compiti di realtà,
see pages 16-17.

Pages 306-307
1 1T 2F 3F 4T 5F 6F 7T 8F Pages 308-309

2 There is the suggestion to arrive earlier and Online worksheet
spend some time in New Orleans before the You can download the worksheet Itinerary
cruise starts. – Route 66 from our website
3 It is a quiet town even if there are two www.elilaspigaedizioni.it in the section called
universities. Explore.
5 There will be a tour and talk given by a guide/
historian.
1 1 It’s a tour operator that is specialised in holidays
6 There are cookery and history courses on board
in the USA.
the ship.
2 Both tours are self-drive and are in national parks.
8 It says prices are from $1,285 which means it can
3 Clients can book the tours with a flight or
cost more than this.
without, so just accommodation.
4 The California tour lasts 12 days and you can see
2 Sample answer:
the cities of Los Angeles and San Francisco, and
Circular letters are covered in Unit 2, pages 60-61. five different National Parks.
5 The Utah tour lasts 8 days and you can start or
end with a day/night in Las Vegas. There are five
Dear Travel Agent, National Parks included and suggestions of
Are your clients looking for a unique holiday in the which parts to see.
United States? Have them experience the wonders of 6 They can add on another destination to the
the Mississippi and the best of Southern hospitality itinerary or they can choose to rent a
and music with a six-day cruise on board The
motorcycle instead of a car.
Mississippi Princess.
For over two decades, All-American Cruise Line 2 deep and dramatic, eerie, incredible, moonlight
Company has been the leader in cruises in the
tour, red and gold, remote beauty, spectacular,
Caribbean, Alaska and Hawaii so we are pleased to
announce this new addition to our 2019 brochure. stunning scenery, take your breath away, will not
be disappointed
Our opulent staterooms, the finest cuisine and
entertainment and the carefully selected stops and
shore excursions along the Mississippi River from New
3 Personal answers
Orleans to Memphis are combined to offer your clients
a top-class cruise at extremely reasonable rates. Prices EXPLORE GRAMMAR
for a six-day cruise start from $1,285 per person.
As a new client for our company, we have also Go to the FLIP BOOK for the exercises.
reserved a special commission deal for your travel
agency. Full details of the cruise can be found in the
attached brochure and on our website
www.All.American.Cruise.Line.com, while the offers
4 Personal answers
reserved for agents are available following this link.
Please do not hesitate to contact us for any more
details and we look forward to welcoming your clients
Pages 310-311
on board in the future.
1 Sample answer:
Yours sincerely,
7 NIGHTS FLY-DRIVE HOLIDAY IN FLORIDA
Mark Jones
Start with a few action-packed days in Orlando, with
Marketing Manager
the thrilling theme parks, fun water parks and
All-American Cruise Line Company fantastic shopping at the outlets. Then relax on the
award-winning beaches of St Pete / Clearwater.

230 U NI T 9 | Explore the USA

 Orlando, as everyone knows, is the theme park
area of around six million acres, is located about 240
capital of the world and is the place to see behind
miles north of the city of Anchorage and 120 miles
the scenes of your favourite movies, go on some of
south of Fairbanks. You can reach the park by car
the most awesome rides in the world and experience
along Alaska Highway 3. You could also take the train,
the magic of your favourite cartoon characters. Fun
one of the many organised bus tours leaving from
and entertainment is guaranteed for all the family.
Fairbanks or Anchorage, or even fly your own private
International Drive and the many shopping outlets,
plane to the park. The park has just one road running
restaurants and diners will keep you busy if you
through it – the Denali Park Road – and it is the main
decide to have a day away from the parks.
way for visitors to see and experience Denali. Only the
Your 4-star hotel is served by free shuttle buses to
first 15 miles of this 92-mile long road are tarmacked
the parks and excellent public transport to the rest
and private cars and vehicles are only allowed access
of Orlando.
to this first stretch of road, after that you must take
On day 4, pick up your hire car and head off to St one of the park shuttle buses, walk or ride a bike.
Petersburg Clearwater on the Gulf Coast with its There is a visitor centre just after you enter the park
sugar white sand beaches. Here you can relax, swim, which provides full information on the trails, wildlife
explore the mangroves and the islands of Fort De and weather conditions. You can also sign up for one
Soto Park. There are plenty of activities and places of the many ranger-led activities and walks. At the
for the kids too, like the Clearwater MarineAquarium point where private vehicles have to stop, at Savage
or Busch Gardens in Tampa Bay. You’ll find an River Bridge, there is a car parking area. For visitors
amazing selection of seafood restaurants and great who are only staying for a few hours, there is great
fresh food markets. Your accommodation will be in a walk from here, the Savage River Loop Trail, that
self-catering bungalow within walking distance of circles around by the river for about 2 miles. There are
the beach, with a communal swimming pool and no significant changes in level making it suitable for
gardens. Return your hire car to Orlando all ages and abilities. And even though it is a simple
International Airport in time for your flight home on and short walk, you will get a real feel for the beauty
day 8. and majesty of the park, as well as having the chance
to spot some wildlife. The park shuttle buses which
Prices start from £3650* for a family of two adults take visitors along the rest of the road within the park
and two children under 14. are surprisingly a good way to spot wildlife. As you
50% reduction for children under six. are in a more elevated position than a car, you can get
15% discount for bookings made at least 210 days in a good view, and with all the pairs of eyes on the bus
advance. eagerly looking around, there is bound to be someone
who spots an animal like a moose or caribou. Bringing
*This includes:
a pair of binoculars would be a good idea. Other
• Economy class return flights from Gatwick/Heathrow to
Orlando International Airport
animals that you could see include Dall sheep, wolves
• Complimentary transfer from Orlando International and smaller mammals like foxes, hares and squirrels. A
Airport to your hotel goal for many visitors is to see a black bear rambling
• Three-day Orlando Park pass for two adults and two across the mountainside. However this is extremely
children rare and you are more likely to see a grizzly, especially
• Three nights’ accommodation in a family room in a 4-star in areas around the rivers or the high-alpine areas. For
hotel in Orlando, with breakfast visitors who would like to stay more than one day
• Car hire for four days with unlimited mileage and there are six campsites within the park, one of which is
insurance open all year round, for tents, RVs and other vehicles.
• Accommodation in St Petersburg Clearwater in a
self-catering bungalow for three nights
1 south 4 offers
2-8 Personal answers 2 some 5 rare
3 an easy 6 can

Page 312 2 1 visitor centres

2 are/will be happy to help you
1 3 drive around
4 seasonally
The National Park of Denali in Alaska, centered around 5 awe-inspiring/incredible/jaw-dropping
the tallest peak in the USA, Denali, and covering an 6 best times to observe

Explore the USA | U N I T 9 231

 3 Personal answers
includes park entrance and accommodation in an
on-site hotel as this means you are close to the
Page 314 parks and you get other benefits too such as
early entrance to the parks before all the other
1 visitors arrive so everything is less crowded.

As you know Orlando is the capital of theme 1 production studio 4 waiting times
parks. They’re huge and even better than you 2 4D simulated 5 early entrance
imagined. But at first it can seem a bit confusing 3 connects
with so many parks and things to do.
So, Universal Orlando Resort consists of two 2 1 is located
theme parks and a water park, as well as an 2 is divided into
evening entertainment complex and several 3 height and age restrictions
hotels. But what some people don’t realise is that 4 opportunity to meet
the Universal Studios theme park is actually a 5 on-site hotel
working production studio as well, and many 6 plus other benefits
films are made there. Inside the theme park, you
have plenty of choice of real rollercoasters to 3 Personal answers
thrill and entertain you as you fly through the air
and hurtle back down, but the park has also
invested lots in 4D simulated rides, such as Pages 316-317
Despicable Me Minion Mayhem, which are
absolutely incredible and hugely popular. In this 1 ES
particular ride, based on the popular movies, you
1 Because it is the route along which the
go through a training process to become a
Cherokee were forcibly removed from their land
minion. Your kids will love it. Another popular
and taken to reservations.
movie series which features heavily at the parks is
2 The best part of the powwow is the opening
Harry Potter. One of the latest rides is the
ceremony, when thousands of dancers enter the
Wizarding World of Harry Potter and the
arena wearing traditional dress and beating drums.
Hogwarts Express. This is a train, based on the
3 You can find traditional arts and crafts made of
one in the movies, which connects the two parks,
stone, bronze, or pottery, as well as jewellery
Universal Studios and Islands of Adventure. This
and paintings.
ride is only for those who have entrance tickets to
4 You can visit the Custer Battlefield Museum or
the two parks, and is fun way to get between the
the Little Bighorn Battlefield National Monument,
two parks if you want to visit them on the same
sites of the American Army’s battle and defeat by
day. There are plenty of photo opportunities and
the Sioux and the Cheyenne tribes.
HP merchandise for sale.
5 You can see traditional jackets for mothers to
As you can imagine, the parks are immense which
feed and carry babies in, pipes and costumes.
is why people spend several days there in order to
6 The imagiNATIONS Activity Center, where you
be able to see as much as possible. Download the
can explore transport, clothes, homes and tools;
Universal app for the park as it provides
and the Mitsitam Native Foods Cafe, where you
information on all the show times so that you
can eat traditional Native American food.
don’t miss anything and it also indicates the
waiting times for the rides, helping you to plan
2 Personal answers
your day better and not waste too much time
waiting in queues. Some waiting is inevitable, but
3 2.24 FCE Listening Part 3
they try to make it as enjoyable as possible.
Alternatively, with an Express Pass it is possible to
Speaker 1
avoid queuing and get direct access to the rides.
I’ve visited America many times, and the thing that
It’s important to evaluate which theme parks in
always strikes me is the national parks. They are
Orlando you are interested in and how much time
extremely varied and accessible to all. In fact you
you want to spend in each one in order to get the
can visit over 400 of them across the United
best possible package and price. A good option
States… from Alaska to Death Valley in California.
is often to get a complete package which

232 U NI T 9 | Explore the USA


And there are four national holidays a year when
4 2.24

you can visit them absolutely free. They’re awesome 1 c worth a visit 4 e you ask me
and are worth a visit if you have time! My favourite, 2 d I wish 5 a That’s such
and it’s probably the same for many people, was 3 b word of warning 6 f a bit of a
Yosemite. I wish I’d had more time to explore,
though. 5 Personal answer

Speaker 2 6 Personal answers

One thing I noticed on my first visit to the USA is
just how fast everybody walks, especially in cities 7
like New York. I come from a small town where life is

really slow and laid-back. In New York if you want to A = Tourist, B = Tour guide
fit in, you put your head down and cross the road A I’d like to book one of your guided tours of New
really quickly, even if the pedestrian traffic lights York for my family.
aren’t green. I have to admit I found this almost B Sure. Which one are you interested in?
impossible to do! A word of warning about crossing A I think a one-day tour, but we’d like to see all the
the road on red: a friend told me that you could get main sights, as many as possible.
arrested for jaywalking if you do this. But it doesn’t B Our one-day Manhattan tour takes you to Times
seem to deter people at all. Square, Wall Street and The National 9/11
Speaker 3 Memorial and Museum in the morning.
When I first got to the USA, I thought you left around A And in the afternoon?
a 10% tip in bars or restaurants if there was waiter B The tour includes Fifth Avenue and Central Park
service, as you would back home. But I quickly in the afternoon.
realised that this is not acceptable in the States. A What about the museums? My wife really wants
Waiters and bar staff earn very little money and they to go to the Guggenheim and I’m keen on seeing
are expected to integrate their wages with tips from the Metropolitan Museum. You know, you see
customers. I can understand why the waiters aren’t these places so often on TV you want to go
happy if you don’t tip well, but, if you ask me, they there in person.
should get a decent wage in the first place. B The tour finishes not far from The Met, so you
could see that afterwards on your own.
Speaker 4 A I see, thanks. Perhaps we could also do it
I discovered straight away that service is very another day. We’ll probably be too tired to do it
important in the USA ‑ people are always very polite all in one day.
and helpful and can’t do enough to make you feel B Yes, I think that would be best. So, would you
welcome. For instance, if you order a hot or a soft like to book the tour now?
drink at a diner or a restaurant, they instantly offer A Yes, thanks. For tomorrow. Are there any places left?
you a free refill when you finish it. That’s such a B Yes, that’s not a problem. How many tickets do
great idea ‑ I think they should do that everywhere! you want?
Although people might spend all day drinking tea A Two adults and two children.
back home! B Can I ask how old the children are, Sir?
Speaker 5 A They’re ten and eight.
I love visiting interesting cities around the world. In B Just a moment… so the total cost for two adults
the States, I’ve been to San Francisco, Chicago and and two children is $145 dollars.
New York ‑ all of which were awesome. My family A Can I pay by credit card?
are always telling me to be careful as there’s so B Of course you can, Sir. Thank you.
much crime, but I’ve never had any problems. Of A What time does the tour start?
course you have to be careful, as you would be B It starts at 9 o’clock. Here is a map with the
anywhere. And the people were some of the exact meeting point in Times Square.
friendliest I’ve ever met. I had imagined them to be A Thanks. That’s great!
a bit distant or superficial, but instead they were B My pleasure, Sir. See you all tomorrow!
really sincere and sociable. It was a bit of a
revelation! 8 Personal answers

1e 2d 3b 4f 5h
Explore the USA | U N I T 9 233
 ESW Itineraries
Pages 318-319 – Canada go to the beach at Camps Bay, go up Table
Mountain and visit Robben Island and a nature
1 1 It takes place in the west of the country, in the reserve to see penguins.
Canadian Rockies, from Vancouver to Calgary. 7 In the Kruger National Park, you can go on
2 Transport is by train and then by coach. open-top game drives, a bush walk and learn
3 You can spend one day in Vancouver and one day about the eco-systems and wildlife.
in Calgary; both days are free to do as you want. 8 I think this holiday would appeal to couples on their
4 The landscape changes from fields and rivers to honeymoon as it is a once-in-a-lifetime holiday, and
forests, mountain peaks and passes. also families, but with teenagers and not very
5 There is one optional helicopter tour and some young children, as the safari would be very exciting.
hiking tours that are not included in the price. As it is a mixed type of holiday, it would appeal
6 I think this could appeal to people interested in also to fairly independent travellers too.
nature and exploring, but also families as the
activities are quite varied and interesting for a 2 Possible answers:
wide age range. It would also appeal to people Accommodation: 4-star hotel, 5-star safari lodge,
that prefer organised trips and not having to offers 5-star comfort, luxurious tented suites,
worry about planning things themselves. sustainable and environmentally-friendly policies
Places: vibrant city, exciting city, dramatic scenery
2 Personal answers and a cosmopolitan atmosphere, popular zone,
fantastic aquarium, breathtaking views, cobbled
3 Personal answers
streets, brightly-coloured homes, Islamic culture
and heritage, lush botanical garden, home to the
Pages 320-321 – South Africa Big Five, friendly city, urban renewal projects, a
must-see
1 1 It is a brochure for a holiday that includes Activities: get your bearings, plenty to see and do,
elements of an independent holiday and a open-bus tour, dramatic cable car ride, free guided
guided tour as the part in Cape Town is free and walk, open-top game drives, immerse yourself in
the safari part is organised with a guide. the experiences, thrilling bush walk at sunrise
2 The itinerary includes Cape Town and the Kruger
National Park for a total of 9 days/8 nights. There 3 Personal answers
is the option of going to Johannesburg too.
3 The price includes an internal flight, 4 Personal answer
accommodation in both locations with breakfast
in Cape Town and all meals in the Kruger
National Park, the activities like the game drives Pages 322-323 – India
and airport/hotel transfers. It doesn’t include

other meals, activities or international flights. Background information
4 I think it offers a classic tour of South Africa,
The Taj Mahal is one of the most well known
because many people associate the country
buildings in the world. This beautiful marble
with safaris and the Big Five, and Cape Town is
structure located in Agra, India, is a mausoleum.
one of the most famous cities. There is also the
It is said that Shah Jahan, emperor of the Mughal
option of going to Johannesburg, another
Empire, had the tomb built as a monument in
important city.
memory of his beloved wife, Mumtaz Mahal, who
5 It is easier for visitors to find their way around
died during childbirth. Shah Jahan spent the last
Cape Town and can choose the activities and
days of his life as a prisoner in the Agra Fort,
places that interest them, whereas in the
across the River Jamuna. From here, he could only
National Park it is better to have a guide that
look at the splendid tomb he had created in
knows the area and the wildlife and can make
memory of his beloved wife.
sure everything is organised and goes to plan.
The Taj Mahal is an outstanding example of Mughal
6 In Cape Town, you can see the shops, markets
architecture, a style that combines elements from
and restaurants in the Waterfront area, the area
Persian, Asian and Islamic architecture. Thousands
of Bo Kaap and the Botanical Garden. You can

234 ESW | Itineraries


of stone carvers, masons and artists began work Pages 324-325 – Australia
on the banks of Agra’s Jamuna River in 1631 and
the monument was completed in 1648.
Background information
The Taj Mahal is set within lush ornamental gardens
The Sydney Opera House is one of the twentieth-
which are again laid out in perfect symmetry. At
century’s most distinctive buildings and one of
the centre of the garden is a pool which reflects
the most famous performing arts centres in the
the image of the mausoleum. The original gardens
world. With its modern expressionist design, it is
contained flowers and fruit trees, but during the
internationally admired and treasured by the
time of the British Empire, the British changed the
people of Australia. Situated in Sydney Harbour,
gardens to reflect the lawns of London.
the Opera House is surrounded by the harbour
This famous monument is visited by millions of
on three sides. It is one of the most famous
visitors every year. In 1983 it was designated a
symbols of Sydney and Australia and has been a
UNESCO World Heritage site and was described as
UNESCO World Heritage Site since 2007. The
‘the jewel of Muslim art in India’.
World Heritage Committee described the
building as ‘one of the indisputable masterpieces
1 1 It is a holiday package, probably from a tour of human creativity... a great urban sculpture
operator, for a two week holiday in India. carefully set in a remarkable waterscape’.
2 It covers New Delhi and cities in the north of the The project to build a new opera house started in
country, known as the golden triangle and also the late 1940s as the Sydney Town Hall was not
Goa, a beach resort. considered large enough. In 1956 a design
3 It doesn’t specify times or the exact order of competition was announced to attract the best
things, but is more descriptive. This is because it design talent in the world. The winner was a
is part of a brochure selling the holiday and at Danish architect called Jørn Utzon. His design
this stage it is not necessary for the client to was considered bold and visionary. He was a
know all the exact details. young architect who understood and recognised
4 The second part of the holiday on the beach is the potential of the stunning location. During the
completely free so that the holidaymaker can first stage of the project, he worked successfully
decide what to do. There are excursions which with his design team and the client, but later
can be booked if you want. If not, you can some problems arose due to the difficulty of the
sunbathe and relax or do water sports. design and its cost and he finally resigned in
5 It could appeal to a wide range of people. Given 1966. Utzon’s original design for the Concert Hall
the mix of activities/locations, it can appeal to was abandoned because it didn’t provide
those that like history and culture as well as sufficient seating.
those that like beach holidays. As only part of The Sydney Opera House was formally opened
the holiday is with a guide, even fairly by Queen Elizabeth II in 1973. Utzon was not
independent travellers might appreciate it. invited, but he was officially given recognition for
Having an organised part of the trip will also his work later.
reassure those people who are worried about The building is not only an opera house, as its
visiting a country like India, which might be so name suggests: it houses several performance
different from their usual lifestyle. venues and hosts different kinds of art
performances as well as conferences, ceremonies
2 Possible answers: and social functions. It also contains a recording
studio, cafés, restaurants, bars and shops.
ADJECTIVES EXPRESSIONS
Although it took 16 years to complete and the
magic, a taste of incredible India, cost went way over budget, the Sydney Opera
colourful, all the ingredients for a fantastic House pushed architecture and engineering to
bustling, holiday of a lifetime, new limits.
majestic, the chance to spot,
stunning, idyllic location,
magnificent, lie back on your sun lounger,
1 1 It is a tour from a company called Golden
Wonder Tours. It is an independent, multi-
relaxed palm-fringed sandy beaches
destination holiday of three locations in
Australia, with international and internal flights
3 Personal answer
and accommodation.

Itineraries | ES W 235
 2 It includes Sydney, Uluru and Cairns for the
Great Barrier Reef.
3 In each location, clients are free to spend their
time as they wish: they can choose guided tours
offered by the company or they can plan what
to do themselves.
4 The three locations are very different: the first is
a city, while the second is immersed in a wild,
natural landscape and the third is a city base for
exploring the natural surroundings. Sydney is a
huge, vibrant city that offers sightseeing,
museums, shops, restaurants and also beach life.
At Uluru, you can see the famous rock formation
and other parks, as well as learn about the
Aboriginal culture and history. From Cairns, you
can easily go on diving and boating excursions
to see the Great Barrier Reef and on a trip to see
the beaches and rainforests of Cape Tribulation.
5 Clients will have to pay for their meals and
drinks, apart from breakfast, and for all the
activities they decide to do in each place, so
entrance fees, guided tours and so on. They will
also need to consider public transport or taxis in
Sydney and perhaps renting a car when they are
in Cairns.
6 I think it is suitable for first-time visitors as it
includes three very famous places in the country.
It is quite short and does not give you much
time in each place so would not be suitable for
someone looking to explore in more depth.

2 Personal answers

3 Personal answer

236 ESW | Itineraries

CLIL Architecture
Pages 326-327 the world; it is similar in size to some of the smaller
Egyptian pyramids of the Giza Necropolis. Its
1 1 It is a prehistoric monument. original purpose however, is still highly debated.
3 It is made of stone. Composed mainly of chalk and clay excavated
from the surrounding area, the mound stands
2 1 3,500 4 500 40 metres high and covers about 5 acres.
2 three 5 2100 Archaeologists calculate that Silbury Hill was
3 5,000 6 50 built about 4,750 years ago. The base of the hill is
circular and 167 metres in diameter. The summit is
3 1 A monolith is a single upright stone. flat-topped and 30 metres in diameter.
2 The new concentric circles were built in the The West Kennet Long Barrow is a Neolithic tomb
centre of the ceremonial area which had a or barrow, situated on a prominent chalk ridge,
horseshoe shape. near Silbury Hill, one-and-a-half miles south of
3 They came from Wales. Avebury. Archaeologists classify it as a chambered
4 The entrance was aligned at the summer solstice long barrow. It has two pairs of opposing transept
upon sunrise. chambers and a single terminal chamber used
5 The site was abandoned 3,500 years ago, for burial. The construction of the West Kennet
around 1500 BC. Long Barrow commenced about 3600 BC, which
6 It was built as a ceremonial place, maybe an is some 400 years before the first stage of
astronomical observatory to calculate lunar and Stonehenge, and it was in use until around 2500
solar eclipses and to study the sky, the stars, BC. Archaeological excavations found at least 46
the moon and the seasons. Or it was built as a burials, ranging from babies to elderly persons.
meeting place for tribal chieftains. The bones were disarticulated with some of the
skulls and long bones missing.
4 1 lintel 4 archaeologist
2 horseshoe 5 sandstone
3 concentric Pages 328-329
1 Personal answers, for example:
5 Personal answers Olympian Zeus and Parthenon (in Athens); Temple
of Segesta
Weaker students In Italy: Valley of the Temples (near Agrigento);
Encourage the students to use the following Temple of Hera, Temple of Poseidon and Temple of
expressions to give examples of the purpose of Athens (in Paestum)
Stonehenge: in order to / to / for / so that.
Background information
6 Sample answers: The Temple of Olympian Zeus is in Athens.
The Avebury Stone Circle, Silbury Hill and West They started building this massive temple in the
Kennet Long Barrow are all part of a large sixth century BC and finally completed it in the
prehistoric landscape in Wiltshire, in south-west second century AD. It was built in the Corinthian
England, and form a UNESCO World Heritage Site. style belonging to ancient Greek and Roman
Avebury Stone Circle is a Neolithic monument architecture.
containing three stone circles, including the largest Segesta in northwestern Sicily has a Doric temple
stone circle in Europe. Built around 2600 BC, the and was probably built by an Athenian architect
monument comprises a large henge (a bank and in the 420’s BC.
a ditch). Inside this henge is a large outer stone The Valle dei Templi is an archeological site in
circle, with two separate smaller stone circles Agrigento, Sicily. The seven Doric temples are an
situated inside the centre of the monument. example of Greater Greece art and architecture
Its original purpose is unknown, although and were built in the fifth century BC.
archaeologists believe that it was most likely used Paestum was an ancient Greek city in southern
for some form of ritual or ceremony. Italy and has three ancient Greek temples in the
Silbury Hill is a prehistoric artificial chalk mound Doric order, built between 600 and 450 BC.
near Avebury. It is the tallest prehistoric human-
made mound in Europe and one of the largest in
Architecture | C L I L 237
 2 PET Reading Part 3 other buildings were built on top of them, such
1T 2T 3F 4T 5F 6F 7F as the Baths of Trajan. The lake was drained
to provide a site for the Colosseum. The lavish
3 The Greeks used three different types of column. frescoes and stucco decorations remained
5 Each temple contained a statue of the god or hidden until the Renaissance. When they were
goddess to whom it was dedicated. discovered, the wall paintings were thought
6 The first buildings were originally in wood. to have been in caverns (grotte) of the former
7 Every temple had a sloping roof. building, this is why they were called ‘grotesque’.
Since the discovery, many problems arose for
3 1 acropolis 4 basement the preservation of paintings and stuccoes,
2 agora 5 cella which had been severely damaged by humidity.
3 shaft 6 colonnade After years of restoration work, the palace was
opened to visitors in 1999, but a few years later
Pages 330-331 it was closed because of damage caused by
heavy rain. Restoration is still under way and it is
1 The Roman Empire begins with Augustus Caesar in possible to book a tour of the worksite.
the first century BC to the fifth century AD, when
the Emperor Romulus Augustus was deposed by 1F 2T 3F 4T 5F 6F
the Germanic King Odoacer.
5 Sample answers:
2 PET Reading Part 3 A Good morning, tourist information, how can I
help you?
1F 2F 3T 4T 5T
B Good morning, I’d like to book a guided tour of
the Domus Aurea.
3 1 gladiator 3 magistrate
A Yes, certainly, for what period?
2 wild animals 4 sanitation
B Any time between 10th and 12th April.
contests 5 pavilions
A Well, we do tours every day in both the morning
and the afternoon.
Weaker students
B Well, in that case the morning of the 10th would
Before playing the audio, translate for the be great.
students the most difficult words, for example: A Right, and how many people would it be for?
croplands: terreni coltivati B There are ten of us and we need and English-
vineyards: vigneti speaking guide.
pastures: pascoli A That’s not a problem. The tour starts at 9.30
sprawling: enorme and finishes at 11.30 and our guide will explain
everything in detail to you. The cost is 25 euros
4 2.25 PET Listening Part 4 each.
B Fine, do you want payment in advance.
After the Great Fire of 64 AD., which devastated A Yes please, if you could just give me your
most of Rome, the emperor Nero built a personal details with your credit card number,
magnificent house with walls covered with the then I’ll send you confirmation by email.
finest marble, decorated with gems and overlaid B OK, my name is…
with gold, and it soon became known as the
Golden House. The huge complex included
hundreds of acres of various types of land such Pages 332-333
as croplands, vineyards, pastures and woods. 1 1b 2c 3a
There was also a sprawling park with porticoes,
pavilions, baths, and fountains, and an artificial 2 1c 2d 3b 4f 5e 6a
lake. A magnificent colonnade surrounded the
colossal statue of Nero, visible from any part of
3 PET Reading Part 4
the city.
1D 2D 3B 4D 5B
After Nero’s death, his successors tried to cancel
any reminder of the unpopular emperor. The
rooms of his palace were filled with earth and

238 C LIL | Architecture

4 2.26
Follow the walking routes in Hadrian’s Wall Country
and visit all the historic sites.
Emperor Hadrian built a series of forts along
Be sure to visit the many museums and Roman
the famous Hadrian’s Wall. There were over 80
forts located along the wall
‘milecastles’ and 17 larger forts. These forts could
Don’t make the mistake that the wall is just some
house 800 soldiers and consisted of houses, a
isolated ruin. The fortification is dotted with
hospital, stables and barracks. They had large
Roman forts, milecastles, and temples as well
gates which faced north. In between the forts
as archaeological sites that are still giving us a
there were also observation towers where the
valuable insight into how the Romans lived almost
soldiers could keep watch over the countryside.
2,000 years ago. Go to places like Vindolanda,
Chester’s Fort is the best preserved Roman fort
Housesteads, Chesters or Corbridge any weekend
in Britain. It was built almost 2,000 years ago to
during the Summer months and you’ll find people
house a Roman army which guarded a bridge
reenacting battles in full costume or explaining
across the River Tyne. Today it is a very popular
how the Romans ate or washed.
tourist attraction where you can see the bath
house and steam room. There is also a museum
with a collection of Roman items found during Page 334
the excavation of the wall.
1 Personal answer, for example:
1 80 4 towers The prefix paleo- means ‘ancient, primitive’.
2 hospital 5 2,000
3 north 6 bath house Background information
The word nave comes from the Latin navis
5 Sample answer: (‘ship’). The maritime origin of the term
presumes a similarity of shape between the vault

Visit Hadrian’s Wall, of the central body of a church and the keel of
a boat. This is confirmed by the French term
a UNESCO World Heritage Site vaisseau and German Schiff which are used in
LOCATION both maritime and architectural terminology.
The wall stretches 73 miles between Wallsend
in the east and Bowness on Solway in the west. 2 PET Reading Part 3
Northumberland is home to the majority of the 1T 2F 3T 4T 5F 6T 7T
remaining sections of Hadrian’s Wall and five of the
eight excavated forts, including Housesteads and 2 The first examples of wall and ceiling paintings
Vindolanda. were found in catacombs.
5 The Christian Basilicas had an apse at one end
HISTORY
with the entrance to the church at the other end,
Hadrian’s Wall was Roman Britain’s biggest building
unlike in Roman Basilicas.
project, originally constructed in just eight years
starting in AD 122 and begun on the order of 3 1 underground 5 rising sun
Emperor Hadrian to mark the northern frontier of 2 bury 6 nave
the Roman Empire. The best thing about the Roman 3 hall 7 baptisms
wall is that, remarkably, stretches of it are still intact 4 apse 8 graves
and you can get a real sense of what life must have
been like for the Centurions and guards who once
garrisoned Rome’s northernmost frontiers.
Page 335
THINGS TO DO AND SEE 1 1 Romanesque style began around 1000 and
Follow the Hadrian’s Cycleway, recently created, lasted until about 1150.
one of the best long distance cycle routes in the UK. 2 Great social and economical changes, political
Visit the fortresses across Hadrian’s Wall to get a stability, an increase of trade and larger
first-hand experience of the sheer scales of battles populations are elements which contributed to
fought. the birth of the Romanesque style. The massive
Explore some great museums and discover what movement of people for religions and economic
life was like for those who lived and worked on reasons and the diffusion of monasticism were
Hadrian’s Wall. also essential for the creation of this style.

Architecture | C L I L 239
 3 The Roman basilica became the primary 3 Personal answer
architectural model for Romanesque churches,
which preserved the same basic design.
4 Typical architectural elements are stone vaults, Page 336
thicker walls with few windows and the use of 1 Personal answers
piers together with columns. These resulted in
massive buildings, which were quite low and 2 1 popularity 4 middle
dark inside. 2 impressed 5 tower
3 longer 6 nave
Extra activity
Ask the students to match the following words 3 1c 2d 3e 4b 5a 6f
from the text with their definitions: pilgrim,
monasticism, pier, crusades, vaults
1 the establishing of religious groups living in Page 337
monasteries 1 A cathedral is the most important church of a
2 a person who travels to a holy place for diocese, the area controlled by a bishop.
religious reasons A church is a generic word for a building where
3 a type of ceiling made up of arches Christians go to worship.
4 Christian wars to win back Palestine
5 a thick post used to support a roof Online worksheet
Keys: You can download the worksheet Lady Chapel
1 monasticism 4 crusades and Poets’ Corner from our website
2 pilgrim 5 pier www.elilaspigaedizioni.it in the section called
3 vaults Explore.

2 2.27 PET Listening Part 3 2 1 Westminster Abbey was built between the
thirteenth and the sixteenth centuries.
It was begun in 1093 and was more or less 2 The church was called the ‘west minster’.
completed within 40 years. The Cathedral is built 3 The ‘east minster’ is St Paul’s Cathedral.
on a peninsula of land created by a loop in the 4 The first monarch to be crowned in the abbey
River Wear. was William the Conqueror in 1066.
Durham Cathedral is one of few to preserve the 5 More than 3,000 people, some of Great Britain’s
unity and integrity of its original design. The greatest public figures, are buried here.
nave and transepts are all Norman and the nave 6 There are about 600 monuments and memorials.
boasts what is believed to be the world’s first
structural pointed arch.
3 Sample answers:
York Minster is a Gothic cathedral in York, in the
At the west end is the twelfth-century late
north of England. It is one of the largest in Northern
Norman style Galilee Chapel, and at the east end
Europe together with Cologne Cathedral. The
the thirteenth-century Chapel of the Nine Altars
minster is the seat of the Archbishop of York, the
is in Gothic style. The western towers date from
second-highest office of the Church of England, and
the twelfth and thirteenth centuries whilst the
is the cathedral for the Diocese of York. The title
great central tower dates from the fifteenth century
‘minster’ is attributed to churches established in the
and displays perpendicular Gothic detailing.
Anglo Saxon period as missionary teaching churches,
The Cloister, on the south side of the Cathedral,
and it is now an honorific title. The minster has a
was begun at the same time as the Cathedral but
very wide decorate Gothic nave and chapter house,
contains much work from the fifteenth century or
a Perpendicular Gothic choir and east end and Early
later. Many of the Cloister buildings are open to
English north and south transepts. In the east end is
the public, including the stunning medieval vaulted
the Great East Window, finished in 1408, the largest
Undercroft and the late fourteenth-century Monk’s
medieval stained glass in the world. Canterbury
Dormitory with its magnificent timber roof.
Cathedral in Kent is the seat of the Archbishop
1 40 4 after of Canterbury, leader of the Church of England. It
2 nave 5 vaulted contains the shrine of Thomas à Becket who was
3 west, east 6 timber murdered here in 1170. In 1982 Pope John Paul met

240 C LIL | Architecture

 here with the Anglican Archbishop Robert Runcie
The stone building was started in 1078 and
and the two men knelt together in silent prayer at
completed in 1097.
the shrine.
The cathedral was founded in the year 597, but was The style is Norman (Romanesque). The purpose
destroyed by fire in 1067. It was rebuilt in 1070-1077 of the White Tower was to provide a power
and work continued throughout the centuries. It is base for the Norman invaders and control and
renowned for its Norman crypt and its wonderful intimidate the people of the City of London. Later
chapels and monuments. In Trinity Chapel on the it became a royal residence, a prison housing some
south side is the tomb of Edward the Black Prince, very important state prisoners, and a place of
who died in 1376. On the north side lie the bodies torture in the dungeon.
of King Henry IV and his wife Joan of Navarre, in a In the reign of Edward III (1327-1377) the ‘Great
canopied tomb with alabaster effigies. Tower’ began to assume its modern name, as
Gloucester Cathedral in south-west England ‘La Blanche Tour’, the White Tower, due to the
originated as an Abbey Church. After the dissolution continuous tradition of applying whitewash to the
of the monasteries under Henry VIII, it became the walls.
seat of the Bishop of Gloucester. It consists of a Extensive building and repairs work to the Royal
Norman nucleus, with additions in every style of Lodgings was conducted under the orders of
Gothic architecture, and with beautiful stained glass Henry VIII in preparation of the coronation of
windows. The nave, the crypt and the chapter house Anne Boleyn. The work was supervised by Thomas
are Norman. The south porch is in the Perpendicular Cromwell. This included the repair and decoration
style, with a fan-vaulted roof, as also is the north of the magnificent Great Hall and new chamber for
transept. The south transept is Decorated Gothic. The the Queen.
choir has Perpendicular tracery over Norman work,
In 1666 the Tower narrowly escaped destruction
with an apsidal chapel on each side. In the late 19th
from the Great Fire of London Records show that
century the cathedral was extensively restored by
9,677 barrels of gunpowder were stored in the
Sir George Gilbert Scott. Recently the cloisters were
White Tower.
used for corridors scenes in the Harry Potter films.
In 1674 two skeletons were discovered in the White
Tower believed to be Edward V and his younger
Pages 338-339 brother Richard, Duke of York. These tragic boys
are referred to as the Princes in the Tower.
1 Personal answers
OPENING TIMES
2 1 Norman architecture in England had a defensive
purpose. Summer opening times
2 They used stone and wood. 01 March – 31 October
3 They chose strategic positions for their castles, Tuesday – Saturday 09:00 – 17:30
so that they could defend themselves from the Sunday – Monday 10:00 – 17:30
attacks of the native Saxons. Last admission 17:00
4 ‘Motte and bailey’ castles and ‘Stone Keep’ castles.
5 The Stone Keep castles developed into manor halls Winter opening times
and their defensive aim was gradually replaced 01 November – 29 February
by residential and entertainment functions. Tuesday – Saturday 09:00 – 16:30
6 The most famous examples of this kind of Sunday – Monday 10:00 – 16:30
architecture in England are the White Tower of Last admission 16:00
London, Dover Castle and Windsor Castle.
VISITOR INFORMATION
3 All internal buildings close 30 minutes after
the last admission. The Tower is closed 24-
The White Tower 26 December (inclusive) and 1st January. We
HISTORICAL INFORMATION recommend visitors allow at least 2-3 hours to
see everything.
The White Tower was built by William the
At busy times, queues are likely to form within the
Conqueror. Its chief architect and master builder
Tower. If visiting during school holidays or in the
was Gundulf, Bishop of Rochester.
summer, please allow more time to fully explore

Architecture | C L I L 241
 the Tower. The last Yeoman Warder tour starts at The result is a sophisticated castle design and one
14.30 (winter), 15.30 (summer). of the most influential sites in Europe.
The Chapel Royal of St. Peter ad Vincula is a From the surviving palace buildings, we can get an
working community chapel and can sometimes idea of what life was like for a medieval monarch,
close during opening hours. It is used for though not all monarchs enjoyed being there,
Sunday services and occasional weekend as it was also used as a prison and three English
ceremonies. queens were executed there.
The Crown Jewels have been kept in the Tower of
If there is an evening service or event the chapel
London since the seventeenth century, so it is still
will close after the last Yeoman Warder tour. If
an important part of the monarchic life of England.

you are visiting specifically to see the Chapel, we
recommend that you check before purchasing
tickets.
Tickets are available on line, in person on the day
Page 340
or by calling: 0844 482 779. 1 Personal answer, for example:
Half-timbered houses have a structure made
4 1 importance 5 west of wood, and filled with clay or plaster or other
2 storeys 6 monarch material.
3 repairs 7 wood
4 barracks 8 the Round Tower 2 PET Reading Part 3
1F 2T 3T 4T 5F 6F 7T 8T
Extra activity
1 The half-timbering technique had been used for
Ask the students to complete the following fact
centuries before the Middle Ages.
file about the Dover Castle and the Windsor
5 Timber framed houses were usually built like big
Castle:
boxes, with an upper and a lower floor.
• location:
6 This technique was used also for its ornamental
• built in:
effect, from the 15th century.
• built by:
• description:
• transformations: Online worksheet
You can download the worksheet Stratford-upon-
Avon from our website www.elilaspigaedizioni.it
5 1 site 5 staircases
in the section called Explore.
2 fortress 6 reign
3 fortifications 7 entrance
4 tower 8 barracks
Page 341
Video: The Tower of London 1 It is a style based on the buildings of humanist
and theorist Andrea Palladio, one of the greatest
The Tower of London, a medieval fortress palace,
architects of the sixteenth century and certainly
is a wonderful example of Norman military
the most influential. He adopted the classical
architecture. It was built by William The Conqueror
Roman style for both religious and domestic
on the River Thames in 1066 to protect London
architecture. His style was object of great interest
and demonstrate the importance of the Norman
in different historical periods and in many different
Conquest of England. It is a landmark of London,
geographical areas.
and is the best example of an eleventh century
fortress palace in Europe that has survived over
the years. 2 PET Reading Part 3
The construction underwent changes between the 1T 2T 3F 4T 5F 6T 7F 8T
eleventh and sixteenth century. At first, there was
3 Renaissance architecture began in Florence.
the White Tower, an excellent example of the royal
5 One of the greatest architects and engineers of
Norman Castle. Then later, other buildings were
the Renaissance was Andrea Palladio.
added with a style that was innovative for military
7 Della Pittura is a study written by Leon Battista
building technology all over the world.
Alberti.

242 C LIL | Architecture

3 1 ruins 4 dome
US soldiers killed in World War II. Many notable
2 writings 5 publishing
soldiers, artists, and intellectuals have been buried
3 treatise 6 setting
in the crypt, including Lord Nelson, the duke of
Wellington, and Wren himself, who was one of the
Page 342 first to be entombed there. Above his resting place
is the epitaph composed by his son, which may be
1 Personal answer, for example: translated ‘Reader, if you seek a monument, look
Some famous masterpieces are: The Palace of about you’.
Versailles in Paris, Schönbrunn Palace in Vienna,
St Paul’s Cathedral in London, The Winter Palace
1T 2T 3F 4T 5T 6F
in Saint Petersburg, the façade of the Cathedral of
Santiago de Compostela in Spain and St Peter’s
Square in the Vatican. Background information
St Paul’s Cathedral is located at the top of
2 1 The Baroque style Ludgate Hill, the highest point in the City of
2 Baroque theatricality London. A church may have been founded here
3 Richness and dynamism as early as AD 604. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
4 Artists records a second and a third building on the
site during the Middle Ages, both destroyed
3 2.28 PET Listening Part 4 by a fire. A fourth building, later called Old
St Paul’s, went through many changes,
Saint Paul’s Cathedral is located in London. The enlargements and repairs between 1087 and
old Cathedral, also dedicated to St Paul, was the Great Fire of London, which destroyed it in
severely damaged by Cromwellian cavalry troops 1666. The present church dating from the late
who used it as barracks. In the 1660s Christopher 17th century was built by Sir Christopher Wren
Wren was enlisted to repair the cathedral, but it in English Baroque or Late Renaissance style,
was destroyed in the Great Fire of London (1666) as part of a major rebuilding program after the
before work could begin. Great Fire.
Wren subsequently designed and oversaw the The Cathedral is the seat of the Anglican
construction of the present cathedral, which was Bishop of London and the centre for important
built mainly of Portland stone. Wren’s design national celebrations such as peace services
combined Neoclassical, Gothic, and Baroque marking the end of the World War I and World
elements. St Paul’s famous dome, which has long War II, the marriage of Prince Charles and Lady
dominated the London skyline, is composed of Diana Spencer and the thanksgiving services
three shells: an outer dome, a concealed brick for both the Golden Jubilee (2002) and the
cone for structural support, and an inner dome. Diamond Jubilee (2012) of Queen Elizabeth II.
At the base of the lantern (the apex of the outer The dome was inspired by St Peter’s Basilica in
dome) is the famous Golden Gallery, which offers Rome. It rises 108 m to the cross at its summit,
panoramas of London. Farther down, at a point dominating both the historic and modern City
just below the brick cone, is the Stone Gallery, of London through the Baroque device of axial
another popular viewing spot. The frescoes and perspectives or ‘viewing corridors’ across the
grisaille of the inner dome are best admired from cityscape. The inner dome holds three circular
the Whispering Gallery (so called because a galleries – the internal Whispering Gallery, the
whisper from one side of the gallery can be heard external Stone Gallery, and the external Golden
from the other side). To the north and south of Gallery. The Whispering Gallery runs around the
the dome section are wide transepts, each with inside of the dome 30.2 m above the cathedral
semicircular porticoes. The western façade is floor. It is reached by 259 steps from ground
framed by twin bell towers. The southwest tower is level. It gets its name because of the acoustic
famous for its Geometrical Staircase, which leads effects peculiar to domes; a whisper against its
to the cathedral library and archives. There are wall at any point is audible to a listener with an
some 300 monuments within the cathedral. In the ear held to the wall at any other point around
apse to the east of the chancel is the American the gallery.
Memorial Chapel, which was dedicated in 1958 to

Architecture | C L I L 243
 Page 343 them illustrated, online at the start of 2012. There is
also a ‘Highlights’ database with longer entries on over
Background information 4,000 objects, and several specialised online research
The Houses of Parliament or Westminster Palace or catalogues and online journals (all free to access).
the Palace of Westminster is located on the north
bank of the River Thames in the London borough 1 1 The Gothic style reappeared between the middle
of the City of Westminster, close to the historic of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries.
Westminster Abbey and the government buildings 2 The buildings designed according to the new
of Whitehall and Downing Street. The palace has the Gothic style were much more decorated than
status of a royal residence. the older originals.
The first royal palace was built on the site in the 3 Many buildings like railway stations, hotels and
11th century, and Westminster was the primary government buildings (such as the Houses of
London residence of the Kings of England until a fire Parliament, the Law Courts and Tower Bridge)
destroyed much of the complex in 1512. After that, it were designed according to this style.
served as the home of Parliament, which had been 4 The most important architect and designer
meeting there since the 13th century, and the seat during this period was Augustus Pugin, who
of the Royal Courts of Justice, based in and around designed the Houses of Parliament.
Westminster Hall. The present building was designed 5 The Neoclassical style was influenced by ancient
in 1840 by architects Charles Barry and Augustus Greek and Roman architecture.
Pugin in the Perpendicular Gothic style, and it was 6 Its main features are geometrical forms, straight
completed in the 1870s. The Palace is the meeting lines and Greek columns.
place of the two houses of Parliament, the House of 7 Neoclassicism became popular both in North
Lords and the House of Commons. America and Europe in the second half of the
The Clock Tower, which is often simply called Big Ben eighteenth century.
from the name of its main bell, is an iconic landmark 8 Robert Adam was the Scottish architect who
of London and the United Kingdom in general and an started this style in British buildings.
emblem of parliamentary democracy. The Palace of
Westminster has been a Grade I listed building since
Video: Tower Bridge
1970 and part of a UNESCO World Heritage Site since
1987.
Tower Bridge is one of the most popular tourist
The British Museum, in London, is one of the world’s
attractions in London. It is 244 m long, with two
greatest museums of human history and culture.
towers each 65 m high built on piers. The central
It was created in 1753 with the natural history
part between the towers is divided into two
collections, books and curiosities bequeathed by the
equally balanced parts that can be raised to let
physician and scientist Sir Hans Sloane. It first opened
big boats on the river pass underneath. It only
to the public on 15 January 1759 in Montague House
takes 5 minutes for the two parts to rise up, but
in Bloomsbury, on the site of the current museum
if you have a boat that needs an opening, then
building.
remember to book in advance. It usually opens
Until 1997, when the British Library moved to a new
once a day and is well worth seeing.
site, the British Museum was unique in that it housed
And if you’re driving across the bridge, then
both a national museum of antiquities and a national
make sure you go slowly otherwise you’ll get a
library in the same building. The Round Reading
fine for speeding as the limit is 20 miles per hour!
Room, designed by the architect Sydney Smirke,
It also has high-level open-air walkways, which
opened in 1857 and for almost 150 years researchers
were reopened in 1982 after being closed since
came here to consult the Museum’s vast library. It
1910 because people didn’t want to use them as
closed in 1997 when the British Library moved to a
they were frightened of pickpockets.
new building at St Pancras. At that time a vast covered
They began building the bridge in 1886 and
space was created surrounding the original Reading
it is a combination of monumental Victorian
Room: it opened in 2000 and it is known as the Great
architecture and marvellous feats of engineering.
Court – the largest covered square in Europe.
It is basically a steel frame covered in stone to
The museum has the largest online database of
give it a more traditional look.
objects in the collection of any museum in the world,
with 2,000,000 individual object entries, 650,000 of

244 C LIL | Architecture

 Painting CLIL
Pages 344-345
1 Personal answers

2
Period Main characteristics Key artists
late 13th century to 16th Greek and Roman Giotto; da Vinci
century traditions; linear Michelangelo; Raphael
perspective;
RENAISSANCE
representation of light; Donatello; Botticelli; Jan
beauty and mystery of van Eyck
natural world

1600-c.1700 exuberant and dramatic; Caravaggio; Rubens

bold and colourful details;
BAROQUE
create a sense of awe and Vermeer; Rembrandt
amazement

end of 18th century and emphasis on personal Constable; Turner; Goya;

early 19th century experience, feelings and Caspar David Friedrich
ROMANTICISM emotions; nature,
landscapes, shipwrecks, Velazquez
storms

3 Personal answers Page 347

Page 346 1 1 Cubism 4 Surrealism

2 Fauvism 5 Futurism
1 Personal answers 3 Pop Art

2 1 They preferred to paint landscapes and scenes 2 Personal answers

of everyday life at different times of day and in
different weather conditions.
2 It was easier for them to paint outdoors because
of the invention of tin tubes for oil paint which
meant that the paint didn’t dry out as happened
previously.
3 The name comes from the title of a painting by
Monet – Impression, Sunrise.
4 The philosophy of Post-Impressionists was to
break away from the naturalism of the
Impressionists and to be less idyllic, but more
expressive and to show their own personal view
of the world.
5 Georges Seurat, a French artist, invented the
pointillist style.

Painting | C L I L 245
 CLIL Sculpture
Pages 348-349
1 Personal answers

2 1 Relief sculptures are found above and around

the main entrance to a Romanesque church,
such as the lintel, the tympanum and the
archivolts.
2 Classical sculpture influenced Gothic sculpture.
3 Andrea Pisano is famous for the bronze reliefs
on the doors of the baptistery in Florence.
4 Contrapposto means the position of the body
between the shoulders and hips is twisted. This
position can give a sense of movement and
dynamism to a sculpture.
5 Both artists had an incredible knowledge of
anatomy and the proportion of the human body
and gave their sculptures intense emotion and
realism.
6 Baroque sculpture is characterised by a
theatrical style, with vivid and passionate
movements and positions.
7 Algardi had a more restrained style than Bernini,
whose work was more passionate and theatrical.
Bernini also created the textures of hair and
clothes in the marble while Algardi’s works were
of smooth and evenly-worked marble.
8 Neoclassicism is characterised by a scientific
interest in classical antiquity and a desire to
discover ideal beauty.

3 1e 2c 3f 4b 5d 6a

4 Personal answers

5 Personal answers

246 C LIL | Sculpture

 Law CLIL
Pages 350-351 2 1 The monarch is the head of state but has a
limited role and limited powers in the political
Background information system. The monarch is involved in ceremonial
duties and has to formally approve new laws.
The House of Windsor was founded by King 2 The UK Parliament is divided into the House of
George V by royal proclamation on 17th July 1917, Commons and the House of Lords, which have
when he changed the name of his family from the similar roles and work as a check and balance on
German Saxe-Coburg and Gotha to the English each other.
Windsor, due to the anti-German sentiment in the 3 The national Parliaments of Scotland, Wales and
UK during World War I. There have been four Northern Ireland have powers over matters like
monarchs of the House of Windsor so far: King education health, culture, environment and
George V reigned 1911-1936, King Edward VIII transport.
reigned from 20th January to 11th December 1936 4 The difference is that MPs in the House of
when he abdicated, King George VI reigned 1936- Commons are elected by the public every five
1952, Queen Elizabeth II came to the throne in 1952. years while the Lords are not elected. They are
Richard III (1452-1485) was King of England for two appointed by the Monarch on the Prime
years, from 1483 until his death in 1485 in the Battle Minister’s recommendation or by the official
of Bosworth Field. He was the last king of the Appointments Commission.
House of York and the last of the Plantagenet 5 Every Wednesday there is the chance for all MPs
dynasty. His defeat at Bosworth Field, the decisive to put questions to the Prime Minister on any
battle of the Wars of the Roses – when two subject they like.
branches of the Plantagenet, the House of 6 The Prime Minister is the head of the UK
Lancaster (red rose) and the House of York (white Government and is responsible for the decisions
rose) fought each other – is sometimes regarded as and policies of the Government and for
the end of the Middle Ages in England. He is the appointing the Cabinet.
subject of the play Richard III by William 7 A Secretary of State is a head of a Government
Shakespeare. His remains were discovered in department, such as Education, Defence or
Leicester recently: after carrying out numerous Economy, and a member of the Cabinet.
tests, on 4th February 2013 the University of 8 The Cabinet’s role is to make the decisions
Leicester confirmed that the skeleton was beyond regarding the government and its policies.
reasonable doubt that of King Richard III.
The Royal Houses in England from the Middle Ages
Background information
are: House of Wessex and House of Knýtlinga
(alternating 927-1066), House of Normandy (1066- Number 10 Downing Street was originally three
1135), House of Blois (1135-1154), houses: a mansion overlooking St. James’s Park
House of Plantagenet (1154-1399), House of Tudor (called ‘the House at the Back’), a townhouse
(1485-1603), House of Stuart (1603-1707) except for behind it and a cottage. The townhouse, from
the years 1653-1659 and for William III who which the modern building gets its name, was one
belonged to the House of Orange-Nassau (1689- of several built by Sir George Downing between
1702). 1682 and 1684. Downing employed Sir Christopher
After the Act of Union (1707) the Royal Houses of Wren to design his houses. Although large, they
the United Kingdom are: House of Stuart (1707- were put up quickly and cheaply on soft soil with
1714: Queen Anne), House of Hanover (1714-1901: shallow foundations. The fronts, for example, were
George I, George II, George III, George IV, William facades with lines painted on the surface imitating
IV, Victoria), House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha brick mortar. Winston Churchill wrote that Number
(1901-1910: Edward VII), House of Windsor 10 was ‘shaky and lightly built by the profiteering
(1910-present: George V, Edward VIII, George VI, contractor whose name they bear.’
Elizabeth II). In 1732 ownership of the Downing houses reverted
to the Crown. George II offered it to Sir Robert
Walpole, often called the first Prime Minister, as a
1 The reigning monarch in 2018 is Queen Elizabeth II
gift for his services to the nation. Walpole did not
of the House of Windsor. The Prime Minister is
accept the gift for himself. He proposed, and the
Theresa May.

Law | C L I L 247
 King agreed, that the Crown gives the properties to The Whigs were initially a political party who
the Office of First Lord of the Treasury. Walpole contested power with the rival Tories from the
lived in Number 10 from 1735 to 1742. But very few 1680s to the 1850s. Their leader was Robert
First Lords after him lived there, because most of Walpole, who maintained control of the
them were peers who owned homes superior in government in the period 1721–1742. The Whigs
size and quality. So the house was often lent to the supported the great aristocratic families, the
Chancellor of the Exchequer, or to lesser officials, Protestant Hanoverian succession, and toleration
or to friends or relatives. for nonconformist Protestants such as
Notwithstanding its unimpressive appearance, 10 Presbyterians. Later on, the Whigs drew support
Downing Street is one of the most famous from the emerging industrial interests and wealthy
buildings in the world. Behind its black door the merchants, while the Tories drew support from the
most important decisions affecting Britain for the landed interests and the Royal Family. In 1868 the
last 275 years have been taken. In the 20th century Whigs formed a coalition with Radicals and free-
alone, the First and Second World Wars were trade Tories to form the Liberal Party.
directed from within it, as were the key decisions The Tories from the time of the Glorious Revolution
about the end of the empire, the building of the (1688) up until the Reform Bill of 1832 were
British nuclear bomb, the handling of economic characterised by strong monarchist tendencies,
crises from the Great Depression in 1929 to the support for the Church of England, and hostility to
great recession of today, and the building up of the reform, while the Tory Party was an actual
welfare state. Some of the most famous political organisation which held power intermittently
figures of modern history have lived and worked in throughout the same period. Since 1832, the term
Number 10, including Robert Walpole, Pitt the ‘Tory’ is commonly used to refer to the
Younger, Benjamin Disraeli, William Gladstone, Conservative Party and its members.
David Lloyd George, Winston Churchill and
Margaret Thatcher.
1 1 The origins of the Labour Party were the trade
union movement and the desire to give working
class people a political voice.
Page 352 2 It has moved from being a socialist, left-wing
1 a Calling a general election party to more centre-left with free market
b Voting system policies, and lately it has returned more to its
c Coalition government socialist roots.
d Standing as a candidate 3 The Conservative Party believes in a free market,
private enterprise and a strong military presence.
2 FCE Reading Part 2 4 Traditionally, it has more support in the south of
England.
1a 2d 3b 4e
5 Parties such as the Scottish National Party, Plaid
Cymru, Sinn Féin and the Democratic Union
3 1e 2b 3a 4c 5d
Party are linked to their countries, respectively
Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. The DUP
is the only party which supports remaining part
Page 353 of the UK; the others want independence and, in
the case of Sinn Féin, a united Ireland.
Background information 6 The UK Independence Party was very prominent
Both the Whigs and the Tories began as loose during the Brexit Referendum because, due to
groupings or tendencies, but became quite formal its nationalist views, it was in favour of leaving
by 1784, when Charles James Fox became the the UK and campaigned hard for this to happen.
leader of a ‘Whig’ party ranged against the
governing party of the new ‘Tories’ under William
2 Personal answers
Pitt the Younger. Both parties were founded on rich
politicians, more than on popular votes; there were
elections to the House of Commons, but a small
number of men controlled most of the voters.

248 C LIL | Law

 3 The Bill of Rights is the name for the first ten
Pages 354-355 amendments to the Constitution, which
1 Personal answers guarantee important freedoms to every
American, including freedom of speech, press,
2 1 751 7 5-year and religion.
2 the public 8 Propose 4 27 other amendments have been made to the
3 Decide 9 internationally Constitution.
4 National ministers 10 One
5 Approve 11 treaties
Background information
6 Luxembourg 12 various EU institutions
Andrew Johnson, Democrat, was impeached in
3 2.29 1868 after violating the then-newly created Tenure
of Office Act. President Johnson was acquitted by
The European Council sets the EU’s overall
the Senate, falling one vote short of the necessary
political direction but has no powers to pass laws.
2/3 needed to remove him from office. The Tenure
Meetings take place at least every six months,
of Office Act would later be found unconstitutional
usually in Brussels, and generally last for a few
by the Supreme Court of the United States.
days, attracting a lot of media attention since the
Richard Nixon, Republican, was never impeached,
Council is composed of the national heads of state
because he resigned before the House of
or government.
Representatives could consider the impeachment
Another EU institution is the ECB – the European
resolutions. The attempt to impeach him was
Central Bank which is based in Frankfurt,
based on the Watergate scandal. On 16th June
Germany. It is responsible for managing the Euro
1972, there was a foiled attempt to break into the
and implementing the EU’s economic and
National Democratic Headquarters at Watergate.
monetary policy. It also tries to keep inflation
This was part of a larger campaign by Nixon
under control in order to keep prices stable,
Republican supporters to tarnish the reputation of
especially in the eurozone.
Democratic candidates and the Democratic Party.
The European Court of Auditors, which was set up
As soon as the attempted break-in became known,
in 1975 and is based in Luxembourg, is responsible
President Nixon ordered the entire affair to be
for auditing EU finances. The Court has one
covered up. But it soon became clear that he had
member from each EU country and they are
been involved in serious manipulation and abuses
appointed by the Council for a six-year term. Its
of power for years. Millions of dollars coming from
role is to improve EU financial management and
Nixon supporters were used to pay for the cover-
report on the use of public funds. Each year it
up in an attempt to hide the truth from Congress
presents the European Parliament and the Council
and the American people. During the investigation,
with an annual report on the previous financial year.
it was revealed that there was a taping system
installed to record conversations in the Oval Office,
13 Brussels 16 economic Camp David, the Cabinet rooms, and Nixon’s office.
14 heads of state 17 Luxembourg Nixon argued that the tapes contained only private
15 Frankfurt 18 six-year conversations between the president and his
advisors, but the Supreme Court ordered him to
4 Personal answers release the tapes. The tapes were released in the
1970s and contained 18 minutes of silence that
have never been explained. In mid-1974, the House
Pages 356-357 of Representatives approved the articles of
1 The photos on page 356 are the US Constitution impeachment against President Nixon: the charges
and the US Capitol in Washington DC. The photos were obstruction of justice, abuse of power and
on page 357 are the White House and the Supreme defiance of committee subpoena. On 8th August
Court Building, also in Washington DC. 1974, Richard Nixon announced to the American
people that he no longer had a political base
2 1 The Constitution came into force in 1788. strong enough to support his remaining time in
2 It defines the three separate branches of office and resigned the presidency.
government (legislative, executive, and judicial), Bill Clinton, Democrat, was impeached on 19th
their powers and a system of checks and balances. December 1998, by the House of Representatives

Law | C L I L 249
 on the charge of perjury (specifically, lying to a no candidate wins a majority, the House of
federal grand jury regarding his relationship with Representatives decides the next president. With
Monika Lewinski) by a 228–206 vote, and this system a candidate could win the popular vote
obstruction of justice by a 221–212 vote. The House but not win the election. The results are normally
rejected other charges. President Clinton was known soon after the election, however the
acquitted by the Senate on 12th February 1999. The Electoral College meets in December to formalize
Senate vote fell short of the necessary 2/3 needed the election. The inauguration of the president
to remove him from office, voting 45-55 to remove takes place on January 20th on the steps of the
him on obstruction of justice and 50-50 on perjury. Capitol building in Washington DC.

3 1 The President 8 The secretaries of 1 a different 4 is

2 The Supreme Court the executive 2 indirectly 5 before
3 The Senate departments 3 more 6 20th
4 House of 9 The Supreme Court
chief justice (and
Representatives
eight associate
Page 359
5 The Senate
6 The President justices) 1 The current President of the USA is Donald Trump.
7 Congress 10 Independent He represents the Republicans. The last elections
agencies were in November 2016.

4 Personal answers 2
Democratic Party Republican Party
Page 358
Foundation 1828 1854
1 1 35 years old
2 four years
3 about January to June
Political liberalism, conservative,
4 August
position centre-left centre right
5 campaign
6 electoral programme
Typical female, younger, older, high
7 millions of dollars
supporters lower income income, male
8 change

2 2.30 3 Personal answers

Each state has a number of Electoral College votes 4 Personal answers

depending on its population. It is equal to the sum
of US Representatives and Senators for that state. 5 Personal answers
California has 55 electoral votes, New York 31, while
states like Montana and Wyoming have only 3. The
District of Columbia, although not a state, has 3
votes. Although the entire country votes on the
same day, the election is not really a national poll
but a series of state-elections which decide the
members of the Electoral College. Technically,
voters do not choose a candidate but a list of
electors who have promised to vote for that
candidate when the Electoral College meets. The
candidate who wins the most votes in each state
normally wins all of that state’s electoral votes. A
presidential candidate needs 270 Electoral College
votes, out of a total of 538, to win the election. If

250 C LIL | Law

 MAP YOUR KNOWLEDGE

The Tourism Industry REVIEW

UNIT 1

TOURISM
INDUSTRY

WHAT IS TOURISM GROWTH IMPACT OF TOURISM ORGANISATIONS

domestic, investments more leisure TV and promotion sales (tour

international in increased time and other ICT economic social and (tourist operators,
(inbound, infrastructure competition disposabale media environmental boards and travel
outbound) and facilities income organisations) agents)

creation of jobs and

motivation businesses, capital
investment, source of
foreign currency

visiting pollution,
leisure friends and business damage shortage
(travelling for relatives (travelling for to local of natural sustainable
pleasure and (travelling to work-related economy, resources, tourism
enjoyment) see family reasons) jobs threat to
and friends) environment

24/7 global online travel comparison social media

access agencies websites

SUMMARY: THE TOURISM INDUSTRY

To understand the tourism industry it is firstly important to know where people travel and why people
travel. To answer the first question of where, we can divide tourism into domestic and international
tourism. Domestic tourism is within the same country ‑ so Italians going on holiday within Italy for
example. International tourism involves another country and is classified as outbound or inbound
tourism. For Italy, an Italian travelling to England is an example of outbound tourism, while for England
this would be an example of inbound tourism. The motivation behind people travelling can be split into
three main categories: leisure (travelling for pleasure and enjoyment), business (travelling for work)
and visiting friends and relatives (returning to their home country for a visit).

The Tourism Industry | RE V I E W U N I T 1 251

 The tourism industry has a long history, but the tourism we think of today really started to expand
in the second half of the twentieth century thanks to various factors. These include investments in
infrastructure and facilities in many destinations and increased competition among tour operators,
airlines and so on. People nowadays have more leisure time and disposable income, and by seeing other
countries on TV and in other media are stimulated to travel more and experience these places. ICT has
had an enormous impact on the tourism industry making many aspects for both tourists and businesses
quicker and more efficient. You have 24/7 global access and availability to reserve a hotel room,
sell tickets to a tourist attraction and let passengers check-in for a flight, for example. Online travel
agencies and comparison websites mean that tourists can organise a holiday independently, getting the
best possible deal and social media has increased visibility and customer awareness to a huge extent.

Tourism has an impact on the economy and also on the environment and society. It has a positive
economic impact by creating new businesses and jobs; it can stimulate capital investment and the
development of new infrastructure; it is a vital source of foreign currency for many countries.
Tourism however can have negative social and environmental effects. Local people might only have
unskilled, low-paid jobs, investments in local infrastructure could be aimed more at tourists than the
needs of locals, house prices can increase and there is more pollution and an overconsumption of
natural resources such as water. This is why today many governments, organisations and businesses,
together with many tourists, are involved in promoting sustainable tourism practice in order to reduce
the negative economic, environmental and social impacts of tourism as much as possible.

The organisation of the industry can be separated into those organisations involved in promoting
tourism and those selling tourism products. UNWTO is a United Nations organisation which promotes
sustainable and accessible tourism worldwide. On a national level there are tourist boards, often public
bodies, that are responsible for promoting the country as a tourist destination. In Italy, for example,
this is ENIT. On a regional, provincial and local level there are other organisations, such as APT, IAT
and Pro Loco which provide information on itineraries, accommodation, food and local events.
On the sales side, a tour operator organises and sells package holidays directly to the final customer
or through a travel agency. A travel agency can be part of a chain or independent. As well as selling
package holidays, a travel agent sells plane, ferry and rail tickets, travel insurance, car rental and so on.
The most important thing is that they provide reliable and up-to-date information, expert advice and a
personalised service.

252 REV IEW U NIT 1 | The Tourism Industry

 Marketing and Promotion REVIEW
UNIT 2

MARKETING

TARGET MARKET MARKETING MIX SWOT ANALYSIS DESTINATION LIFE CYCLE MARKET RESEARCH

motivation, product/service, strengths, exploration, involvement,

demographic, place, price, weaknesses, development, primary secondary presentation
geographic, promotion, opportunities, consolidation, stagnation, data data of data
psychographic people threats decline/rejuvenation

surveys, customer
questionnaires, records, line graph,
interviews, sales records, bar chart, pie
focus groups statistics chart, table

B2B PROMOTION B2C

ADVERTISING SPONSORSHIP FAIRS and EXHIBITIONS SALES PROMOTIONS POINT-OF-SALE MATERIAL

vouchers,
sport trade, press, coupons, brochures,
print broadcast outdoor digital events general
teams loyalty leaflets
public incentives

newspapers, billboards,
TV, radio, street furniture,
magazines,
trade press cinema public
transport

banner ads, SEO, SEA,

remarketing, websites,
pop-up ads, direct
content apps, social
pay-per- marketing
marketing media
click

SUMMARY: MARKETING and PROMOTION

Marketing helps a company to identify and analyse its customers and needs, create relevant products or
services and then promote them.
Let’s start with the target market, that is the potential people who could buy a product or service.
A target market can be classified into subgroups: the motivation for travel; the demographic group
they belong to, such as age, education, gender; the geographic location and, finally, the psychographic
elements like lifestyle and interests.

Marketing and Promotion | RE V I E W U N I T 2 253

 The principal elements of the marketing mix are the four Ps – product, price, place and promotion. To these
we can add an extra P – people – as they have a vital role in customer satisfaction in the tourism industry.

A SWOT analysis is a tool used to analyse a company’s position with a view to future changes of
strategy. Strengths and weaknesses are internal factors and therefore can be controlled or changed by
the company. Opportunities and threats are external factors which are beyond its control.

A life cycle model of a tourist destination helps analyse what stage of development it is at in order
to then devise strategies to increase its popularity and appeal. There are six stages – exploration,
involvement, development, consolidation, stagnation and decline or rejuvenation – although not all
destinations will follow this model exactly.

Market research is the collection of data from two different sources. Primary data is collected
first hand from customers or potential customers for a specific objective through things like surveys,
questionnaires, interviews and focus groups. For this reason it provides extremely relevant data, but it
is expensive and time consuming. Secondary data uses existing information such as customer and sales
records within a company, or statistics from external sources like governments and trade organisations.
It is cheaper and quicker than primary data, but care must be taken to ensure it is up-to-date, accurate
and relevant to the needs of the company.
Data and statistics are often presented visually to make it easy and quick to understand and compare
results. The most common forms include line graphs, bar charts, pie charts and tables.

Promotion, the final P of the marketing mix, can be divided into B2C – business to consumer – when it
is aimed at the general public, and B2B – business to business – when it is directed at other businesses.
Let’s look at the five main components of promotion.

Firstly, advertising, perhaps the most common form. The choice of media available includes print, with
newspapers, magazines and trade press; broadcast which is TV, radio and cinema. Outdoor advertising
is billboards, posters and street furniture in places like main streets, stations, airports and on public
transport. Digital advertising includes banner ads, pop-up ads and search engine advertising on the
Internet. It also comprises the company’s own website, social media accounts, apps and activities like
search engine optimisation, content marketing and direct marketing used to increase the position and
visibility of the company and brand.

Sponsorship is when a company, usually a global brand, sponsors sports teams or major events like the
World Cup or the Olympics, although it can be done on a smaller and local level too.

Fairs and exhibitions give a company the chance to promote the business and services to other
companies in the trade, the press and to the general public, to make new contracts and learn about new
trends or developments.

Sales promotions are commonly used in the travel and tourism industry with vouchers, coupons, loyalty
incentives like air miles schemes for customers, and bonuses and free trips for travel agents.

Lastly, point-of-sale material is the brochures and leaflets that are available to potential customers at
travel agencies, tourist information centres and online.

254 REV IEW U NIT 2 | Marketing and Promotion

 Working in Tourism REVIEW
UNIT 3

WORKING
customer-facing roles IN TOURISM behind-the-scenes roles

JOBS

tourist digital
information travel flight on a cruise event
guide centre in a hotel in a resort marketing
agent attendant ship planner
assistant assistant

bus tour guide, receptionist, social

holiday
sightseeing guide, administrative host, shore
representative,
museum guide, assistant, room excursion
entertainer
national park guide attendant assistant

SUMMARY: WORKING IN TOURISM

Jobs in the tourism sector can be divided into customer-facing roles where you have frequent contact
with clients in person, on the phone or through written correspondence, and behind-the-scenes roles
where contact with customers is non-existent or limited. Let’s look at some of the most common jobs.

Firstly, being a guide. There are different types of guide but in all of the positions you will be expected
to take charge of a group, describe the main features of a place in an interesting manner, and answer
any questions.

Tourist information centres can be found in towns and tourist destinations. Working as an assistant in
one of these centres means being in contact with tourists of different nationalities and giving them the
relevant information and help they need. You could also be involved in selling things like guide books and
souvenirs.

A travel agent, whether general or specialised in a specific area or type of travel, has to be able to
understand the client’s needs or wants, give appropriate advice and sell package holidays or individual
travel products. It’s important to stay up-to-date with what’s happening in the world of travel and
provide a very professional and efficient service.

Hotels offer positions which are both customer-facing and behind the scenes. A receptionist is in
charge of greeting guests and dealing with check-in and check-out procedures. In the back office, an
administrative assistant has little or no contact with guests and is involved in various administrative
or financial tasks to help with the running of the hotel. Being a room attendant is a physically demanding
job where you have to tidy and clean guests’ rooms quickly and efficiently.

Working in Tourism | RE V I E W U N I T 3 255

 In a resort, in addition to the jobs you can find in a hotel, there are also the positions of holiday rep
and entertainer. A holiday rep is usually in charge of collecting guests at the airport and accompanying
them to the resort, providing them with lots of information on the resort and destination. They also
have to organise and sell excursions and other activities. The role of entertainer is to ensure guests
are having fun on their holiday by organising entertainment and activities and encouraging them to take
part.

Being a flight attendant for an airline gives you the opportunity for travel. You need specific training in
order to do this job as you are responsible for the safety and comfort of passengers during a flight. You
also have to sell and serve food and drinks.

Working for a cruise company is another way of travelling the world. A social host on board a cruise
ship is a public relations role as you have a lot of contact with passengers and have to give talks,
arrange parties and make sure they are enjoying themselves. A shore excursion assistant has to sell
the excursions and other activities to passengers and accompany them on the trips on shore. They also
deal with administration and any problems that occur.

Marketing is an important and growing area for the travel and tourism industry. As a digital marketing
assistant you can be involved in designing and generating content for websites and social media
channels, analysing the competition and keeping track of new developments and trends.

As an event planner you could be involved in organising many different events such as weddings,
conferences and launch parties. You need to be able to understand your clients’ needs and come up
with interesting and suitable proposals. Before the event you have to organise all the details, and at the
event itself you are responsible for making sure everything runs smoothly.

256 REV IEW U NIT 3 | Working in Tourism

 Motivations and Destinations REVIEW
UNIT 4

MOTIVATIONS AND
DESTINATIONS
WHY PEOPLE TRAVEL WHERE PEOPLE TRAVEL

visiting purpose-
niche towns and
friends and business leisure coast mountains countryside built
tourism cities
family attractions

nature and rural, beaches, glaciers, theme

adventure, sea, valleys, parks, zoos,
meetings, weddings and
incentive travel, islands volcanoes aquariums
honeymoons,
conferences, food, medical
exhibitions, and wellness,
corporate events music and screen,
religious rivers and national flora and
lakes parks fauna

historical shopping,
museums entertainment,
and and art modern
religious architecture cultural
galleries events
monuments

SUMMARY: MOTIVATIONS AND DESTINATIONS

We have seen in Unit 1 that the three main classifications for the reason why people travel are: visiting
friends and family, business and leisure. Business travel is a specialised form of travel which globally
makes up around 13% of inbound tourism. It includes anyone travelling for business and professional
reasons. This can be to meetings, incentive travel, conferences, exhibitions and corporate events. While
with visiting friends and family and leisure tourism, people are looking for a variety of experiences,
niche tourism is when one specific aim or activity is the primary force behind the choice of a holiday or
destination and travel products are developed closely around these interests or needs. The different
areas of niche tourism include nature and rural tourism, adventure tourism, weddings and honeymoons,
food tourism, medical and wellness tourism, music and screen tourism and, lastly, religious tourism.

When deciding where to travel, people will consider factors like the natural and man-made features
present in each place which appeal to them and their needs or wants. The coast is a favourite
destination for many people with beaches, islands, underwater life and related activities.
The mountains are appealing in all seasons for the dramatic scenery, sports activities and wildlife.
In the countryside, it is possible to find rivers and lakes, explore national parks, admire the flora and
fauna. In towns and cities, the choice of places to visit is vast, ranging from historical and religious
monuments to museums, art galleries and other cultural events. Purpose-built attractions, such as
theme parks, zoos and aquariums, are built specifically to attract tourists and can be suitable for both
day trips and longer holidays.

Motivations and Destinations | RE V I E W U N I T 4 257

 REVIEW
UNIT 5 Transport
TRANSPORT

AIR LAND WATER

ferries, private boat

airport
flight types of water buses, hire, boating
flights procedures train coach/bus car cruises
classes ticket catamarans, holidays,
and facilities hydrofoils day trips

first, business, one way, cheap, extremely fly-cruise,

premium return, flexi, affordable, frequent flexible, subject cruise-
economy, open jaw, round environmentally- services, to traffic stay, round-
economy the world friendly uncomfortable conditions, the-world
for long negative cruise, river
journeys, environmental cruise
subject to bad impact, different
weather driving rules
domestic,
international, scheduled, departure arrivals
long-haul, low-cost
charter terminal terminal
short-haul

immigration,
landside airside baggage
reclaim,
customs

SUMMARY: TRANSPORT

Travelling to your chosen destination, as well as which means of transport to use during a holiday, can
be divided into travelling by air, land and water.
Flying is quick, safe and perfect for long distances. However it has a negative environmental impact and
flights can be affected by bad weather and delays. Flights are classified as domestic or international.
International flights can be long-haul (intercontinental flights) or short-haul (for example within
Europe), non-stop (with no stops at all), direct (with an intermediate stop but no change of plane) or
connecting (with one or more stops and changes of plane).
Flights can also be classified as scheduled and charter flights. Scheduled flights are operated according
to a published timetable whereas charter flights do not offer a regular service but are booked in
advance by tour operators as part of package holidays. Low-cost airlines offer scheduled flights at very
competitive prices.
The classes that can be found on board a flight are first class, business class, premium economy and
economy. The service, facilities on board and the cost of the ticket vary according to which class you
travel in. Other factors affecting ticket prices are the type of ticket and the date of travel.
Common ticket types are one way, return, flexi, open jaw and around the world.

258 REV IEW U NIT 5 | Transport

Airports can be divided into two main areas for passengers – the departure terminal and the arrivals
terminal. The departure terminal is divided into landside (all the areas before security) and airside (the
area after security). Landside, you can find the check-in and information desks, shops, toilets and so on.
Passengers then pass through security, where they and their hand luggage are checked and scanned.
Depending on the destination there is also passport control. Airside there are plenty of retail and food
outlets to help pass the time before the flight. The area where you board the plane is known as the gate.
The arrivals terminal has immigration control and baggage reclaim. Once through customs, you can find
tourist information desks, car rental kiosks and public transport links.

Travelling by train is the most environmentally-friendly form of transport and, with high speed trains
and improved services, is a popular option. It is also an affordable means of transport and there are few
luggage restrictions.
Travelling by coach is a cheap form of transport, popular with those on a budget, but it can be
uncomfortable for long distances. Private coach hire is when a coach is for the exclusive use of a guided
tour group and for excursions. In urban areas, public transport options include buses, trams and the
underground.
Travelling by car is extremely flexible as you do not have to follow any timetable. However, there are
several disadvantages including traffic jams, the negative environmental impact and different rules to
adhere to. You can choose to use your own car or to rent a vehicle from a car rental company.

Water transport can be divided into three categories. The first is composed of ferries, water buses,
catamarans and hydrofoils, which are a form of public transport used by locals and tourists to cross
rivers, lakes and seas. The larger ferries and those covering longer distances have facilities like cabins,
restaurants, cinemas and play rooms for passengers and it is possible to take your car or other vehicle
on board. Others are for foot passengers only.
The second category is of private boat hire which is primarily used by tourists. It is possible to hire a
boat for your exclusive use for a boating holiday, such as a yacht or a narrowboat. Day trips by boat are
also popular with tourists, for example on lakes.
Cruises are a separate category of water transport which combine transport, accommodation, food and
entertainment into one package. It is possible to choose a traditional cruise which starts and ends at the
same port, a fly cruise, a cruise-stay option or a round-the-world cruise. There are also river cruises.

Transport | RE V I E W U N I T 5 259
 REVIEW
UNIT 6 Accommodation
ACCOMMODATION

SERVICED ACCOMMODATION SELF-CATERING ACCOMMODATION ALTERNATIVE ACCOMMODATION

youth hostels,
B&Bs, guest holiday house
hotels halls of residence, campsites sofa surfing
houses, inns rentals swapping
religious institutions

airport, budget, tent, bungalow, chalet,

studio flat, cottage,
business, boutique, caravan, motorhome,
farmhouse, villa,
luxury, micro, glamping, wild
houseboat
motel, resort camping

SUMMARY: ACCOMMODATION
Accommodation can be divided into three categories. Serviced accommodation is accommodation
where meals are provided, mainly hotels. They can be independent or part of a chain and are generally
divided into airport, budget, business, boutique, luxury, micro, motels, or resort hotels. Facilities and
amenities include things like 24 hour room service, parking, gyms and pools. B&Bs, guest houses and
inns are on a smaller scale, with fewer facilities for guests and they provide breakfast and often other
meals too.

Self-catering accommodation is where no meals are provided and guests can decide to cook for
themselves or eat out. There is more flexibility and independence for guests. It is possible to rent a
studio flat in a city, a cottage or farmhouse in the country, a villa by the sea or even a houseboat. Youth
hostels offer good value for money and are ideal for young people travelling on their own as they offer
the chance to meet new people. University halls of residence and religious institutions also offer
rooms.
Camping is another form of self-catering accommodation. You can stay in a large or small campsite
with your own tent, caravan or motorhome or you can rent one of the bungalows or chalets on site.
Alternatives are glamping, a more luxurious style of camping, and wild camping, a rougher, more natural
form of camping.

Two forms of alternative accommodation, where you do not pay for the accommodation, are sofa
surfing and house swapping. With the first scheme, you stay as a guest on the sofa or in a spare room
in someone’s home for a few nights. With the second, you swap your home with that of another person
or family in order to have a holiday in another location, but with the comforts of a home. Both systems
rely on honesty, respect and a reputable organisation.

260 REV IEW U NIT 6 | Accommodation

 EXPLORE – PROVE D’ESAME

Answer Key and Audioscripts

TOWARDS INVALSI Language in Use 3
1 a 5 about
Page 4 2 have 6 in
3 for 7 love
Level B1: Reading Comprehension 1 4 never 8 have
1A 2C 3B 4C 5B
Language in Use 4
1 traveller 5 accommodation
Page 5 2 excited 6 departure
3 flight 7 suitcase
Level B1: Reading Comprehension 2 4 package 8 miserable
1C 2F 3E 4A
Language in Use 5

Page 6 1 will be recycled 4 is being spent

2 have been bought 5 has been done
Level B1: Reading Comprehension 3 3 will be planted
1T 2F 3T 4F 5F 6F
Page 16
Page 7 Level B2: Language in Use 1
Level B1: Reading Comprehension 4 1D 2D 3A 4B 5C 6A 7D 8A
1A 2B 3B 4C
Page 17
Pages 8-9 Level B2: Language in Use 2
Level B2: Reading Comprehension 1 1 whom 5 of
1A 2D 3C 4C 5D 6C 2 into 6 their
3 out 7 up
4 being 8 of
Pages 10-11
Level B2: Reading Comprehension 2 Page 18
1C 2G 3A 4E 5B 6F
Level B2: Language in Use 3
1 earnings 5 winning
Pages 12-13 2 favourite 6 investment
3 savings 7 owner
Level B2: Reading Comprehension 3 4 luckily 8 selling
1B 2C 3C 4D 5D 6B 7A 8C 9A

Page 19
Pages 14-15
Level B2: Language in Use 4
Language in Use 1 1 is notorious for 5 clothes suitable
1D 2B 3A 4B 5D 6A 7D 8A 2 as high as 6 must keep on
3 skinny I think running
Language in Use 2 4 set the trend
1B 2D 3C 4C 5A 6A

Towards INVALSI | P RO V E D ’ ESA ME 261

 Page 20 B But tomorrow is the thirteenth: Pete’s
birthday is the fourteenth.
Level B1: Listening 1 1
A Is it? Well, let’s give it to him the day after
tomorrow then.
Where are the man’s glasses?
A I can’t remember where I left my glasses.
1A 2B 3B 4A 5B
Have you seen them?
B Are they on the table?
A No, I’ve already looked there. Page 21
B Look, you’ve left them on the bookshelf!
A Oh yes, I was looking at a book. Level B1: Listening 2 2

1 What did the couple order? Frida Kahlo was born in 1907, in Coyoacán,
A What would you like to drink? which at the time was a small village outside
B I think I’d like a fruit juice, please. Mexico City. She was married to Diego Rivera,
A And I’ll have a cup of tea. Anything to eat? who is one of the greatest Mexican painters. In
B What about some biscuits? 1925, Kahlo was riding in a bus when it crashed
A Yes, I’ll order a plate of biscuits for us. with a car; as a result, she was seriously injured
and had to use a wheelchair. At the time of the
2 Which is the woman’s new dress? accident, she was studying medicine, but she
A It’s not bad. But isn’t black a bit sad? gave it up. After the accident, she became a
B No, it’s elegant! Do you think it’s long painter, because she had lots of free time, and
enough? she had nothing to do when she was lying in
A Well, it reaches your knees, yes, I think knee bed.
length is nice. Soon, painting became her passion. She painted
B And short sleeves? For the summer? with ‘pain and passion’, using bright colours.
A Yes, short sleeves are perfect. Many of her great works are self-portraits. Many
of her masterpieces were painted in bed. She
3 Where do the people plan to spend the painted the picture of Dr Farill when she was 44
evening? years old. ‘Doctor Farill saved me’, she said. ‘He
A I don’t know. I don’t want to stay at home in made me feel the joy of living again’.
front of the TV again! Frida was very grateful to the doctor and she
B No, neither do I. Do you feel like going out painted pictures, which she gave him, as a way
for dinner? of saying ‘thank you’. This self-portrait is one of
A Actually, I’m on a diet. What about dancing? Frida’s masterpieces. It shows her in her house
B Yeah, that sounds good, let’s go dancing at in Coyoacán sitting in a wheelchair, next to the
a club. portrait of Dr Farill. In the picture, she is small,
Dr Farill is big. This shows her admiration for
4 What is the weather going to be like tomorrow? him. In this portrait Kahlo is sitting in her
A Oh, no, look at the weather forecast for wheelchair holding her brushes and palette next
tomorrow! to the portrait of Dr Farill. It expresses her
B Tomorrow? But we’re going cycling feelings for the man who gave her hope. The
tomorrow! palette is like a heart, it expresses her passion.
A No, we aren’t, look! Rain and wind. Frida Kahlo died on July 13, 1954, in the house
B Oh, no, it’s going to rain all day. Well, what where she was born.
about Sunday?
A It’s going to be sunny. Let’s go cycling on
1C 2C 3A 4A 5B 6B
Sunday.

5 Which date is Pete’s birthday? Level B1: Listening 3 3

A Have you got Pete’s birthday present yet?
B Yes, look, I got him this book. Genes: what are they?
A That looks interesting. We can give it to him What is a genius? Are they made or are they
tomorrow. born? If, for example, you’re good at football,

262 PRO VE D’ ESAME | Towards INVALSI

 maths or chess, the reason may be in your genes. planned. It’s got wonderful public transport – its
Genes are the things that give you your physical light rail system is excellent. There’s a lot of
characteristics and lots of other things about recycling. More and more garbage from homes
you, perhaps intelligence, too. Genes which and shops is being recycled. Landfills are being
come from your family, now and in the future, closed or filled up because we believe recycling
carry information that helps make you who you is the only real answer, but this means people
are: curly or straight hair, long or short legs, how have to do it! I think it works because some
you smile or laugh. people are making money from recycling.

1 may 4 intelligence 1F 2T 3F 4F 5T 6T
2 give 5 future
3 characteristics 6 long
Page 22
Level B1: Listening 4 4
Level B2: Listening 1 5

Speaker 1
1 You overhear a woman talking to her son on
I moved to LA – the city of the Angels, because the phone. What would she like him to do?
I was offered a part in a film. I like living here A stop getting into debt
– it’s a rally cool city. The weather’s great and it’s B buy better quality clothes
number one for media and fashion – everything. C get a better paid job
It’s the home of Hollywood, the entertainment If don’t watch out, you’re going to wind up in
capital of the world. And you really do see trouble and don’t expect me to get you out
celebrities in the street! of it like I did last time. I know you needed a
But LA has got big problems. Everyone uses cars; new suit for your interview, but was it really
till now, public transport has been used by very necessary to spend over a thousand pounds
few people – and… what else… they say the water on it, knowing full well the cheque would
is being polluted by all the petrol stations or gas bounce? I was so embarrassed when the
stations, as they call them. But in the future, I think bank manager phoned this morning! What on
things will get better and better. There’ll be less earth were you thinking of? You don’t expect
pollution, because more and more electric and someone to employ you just because you’ve
hybrid cars are being bought and public transport got a brand name on your back, do you?
is being used more and more. We’ll see…
2 You hear a man talking about city life. What is
Speaker 2 he complaining about?
Our city has been awarded a horrible prize: the A that he finds it difficult to breath when he
air pollution capital of the world. goes out
People used to ride bicycles but now everyone B that he has to wear a mask when he rides to
wants a car of their own. And Beijing has got a and from the office
population of about 22 million people – that’s C that he can’t afford to live in the countryside
going to be a lot of cars! New car parks are Lots of people are moving away from the
being built all the time – Beijing will soon be one crowded city centres to the countryside
big car park. Forget the Forbidden City, come and who could blame them? Life in the city
and see our parks, they’re huge. So now, the air has become almost unbearable due to the
is filled with exhaust fumes from cars. chaos caused by traffic not to mention the
The pollution got better before the Olympics smog. There has also been quite a remarkable
but now things are getting worse and worse. increase in respiratory diseases due to people
What can you do? breathing in exhaust fumes while walking or
cycling to work and so they’ve had to opt for
Speaker 3 the healthier way of life in the countryside.
I love my city. Calgary is one of the cleanest But what about the rest of us who don’t earn
cities in the world, some people say it’s number enough to just hand in our notice and take off?
one. Calgary is the centre for oil and gas in I suppose we’ll just have to resort to wearing
Canada, but it’s not dirty – it’s beautifully protective masks when we’re out and about!

Towards INVALSI | P RO V E D ’ ESA ME 263

 3 You overhear a man and a woman talking. to the ancient city of Stratford-upon-Avon.
What is the woman upset about most? A guide took us on a tour of the city and
A that nobody raised the alarm told us all about the old buildings, historic
B that her husband could be so forgetful sites and showed us around some of the
C that she had to wait outside in her night houses belonging to the Shakespeare family.
wear In the evening, they had organized a trip
Man Did you manage to save anything at to the theatre to see one of Shakespeare’s
all from the flames? plays which was being put on by the local
Woman No, if only we had been warned, theatrical group. They were brilliant! My wife
we could have got some of our and I loved it and will certainly be returning in
belongings out. But we just stood the not too distant future.
there in our night clothes and
watched while it burned to the 6 You hear a woman talking about a diet. What
ground. does she say about the diet?
Man How awful for you! A It made her feel weak.
Woman You can say that again, but disaster B It left an awful taste in her mouth.
really struck when I found out we C She couldn’t stick to it.
weren’t insured! I’d been trying to lose weight for ages,
Man What! when I saw this diet in one of those health
Woman That’s right. My husband didn’t renew magazines and I thought I’d give it a try. All I
our insurance policy! Apparently, it could eat for the first week was minestrone.
slipped his mind, and so we’ve lost Minestrone for lunch and minestrone for
everything! dinner and by Saturday lunchtime I just
couldn’t face another dish of the awful
4 You hear a teacher reciting the myth of Jason stuff. It didn’t make me feel sick or dizzy
and the Golden Fleece. How was the Golden or anything like that, it just didn’t taste
Fleece stolen? particularly appetizing. You can’t blame me
A Hercules and Orpheus gave the dragon a for throwing in the towel and opting for a
potion to send it to sleep. nice juicy steak instead. But guess what!
B The Argonauts got it out of the wood and When I stood on the scales the next morning
took it back to Greece in the Arno. I’d lost over 2 kilos!
C Jason managed to steal the fleece while the
dragon was sleeping. 7 You overhear a man talking about his new
The Golden Fleece was the skin of a golden job. What does he do?
ram which hung in a sacred grove guarded A a doctor
by a dragon. The hero Jason was summoned B a psychologist
to win the fleece and he called upon the aid C a salesman
of other Greek heroes. These fifty heroes, Woman How do you like your new job then,
including Orpheus and Hercules, were called Steven?
the Argonauts after the ship they sailed in, the Man It’s much more rewarding than the
Argo. Upon reaching the land of the fleece, last place I worked in. People come
Jason was helped by the king’s daughter, to me for advice and I try and help
Medea, a mighty sorceress. She drugged the them solve their problems. They
dragon, so that she and Jason could escape might be suffering from backache
with the Golden Fleece. The heroes fled in the or they might just want a nice comfy
Argo and sailed along the coast until they got recliner to stretch out on and forget
back to Greece. about all their troubles. There’s a
huge range to choose from and we
5 You hear part of a talk on the radio. What is can get them delivered in no time at
the man talking about? all.
A a short trip Woman I’ll know where to come if my back
B an expert on Shakespeare starts playing up then.
C a play Man You bet!
Last Friday, we went on a weekend break

264 PRO VE D’ ESAME | Towards INVALSI

 8 You overhear a woman talking to a friend. Dr Brooks Plenty! The University of Bath
What is she doing? offers a great sounding degree in
A complaining about something Contemporary Circus and Physical
B giving him advice Performance, culminating in
C warning him performances at Glastonbury and
I wouldn’t go there if I were you. It was just Bath festivals! Even the traditional
about the worst place I’ve ever stayed at. Durham University offers a Harry
When we got there, the room wasn’t ready Potter module on its BA in Education
and they made us wait in the reception for Studies, analysing JK Rowling’s novels
ages. Then, when they finally did let us have from a sociological perspective.
the key, it wasn’t the room we’d asked for. While Baltimore University in the USA
We’d booked a sea-view room and this one proposes a course in Zombie studies
looked out over the park! The service in the where students get to watch existing
restaurant was appalling, too and I told them films and create ideas for new ones
so. I suggested the manager got a better themselves!
cook unless he wanted all his customers going Journalist Wow! They really are far from
down with food poisoning! boring!
Dr Brooks I know! And that’s not all… Glyndwr
1A 2C 3B 4C 5A 6C 7C 8B University in North Wales offers
a BSc in Equestrian Psychology,
teaching you all you need to know
Page 23 about how horses think… and
Plymouth University in the south
Level B2: Listening 2 6 of England offers you all you need
to know about surfing on their
Journalist Ever felt put off by the choice of BSC honours in Surf Science and
university degrees on offer? Limited Technology. Oh, and my personal
by how conservative or restricted favourite for people with a passion
they seem to be? Well you no longer for history, Viking Studies at the
have to worry, do you Dr Brooks? University of Nottingham!
Dr Brooks That’s right! If you are keen to Journalist Are these kinds of options only
pursue a classical line of study such available at undergraduate level?
as philosophy, but fancy a modern Dr Brooks Not at all! If you want to, you can
twist on it, the University of Berkley do a Master’s degree with a bit of
in California currently offers a a difference at Liverpool University
philosophy module examining the on The Beatles, Popular Music and
American cartoon The Simpsons Society, or a Master’s in Psychology
through the eyes of great thinkers of Exceptional Human Experiences
from Plato to Nietzsche. Or at Coventry University, which helps
Georgetown University in Washington, students investigate elements of the
D.C. provides their philosophy paranormal!
students with a course entitled Journalist It’s almost worth going back to
‘Philosophy and Star Trek’ examining University, isn’t it? Well, that’s
the sci-fi questions such as whether or all we have time for on today’s
not space travel is possible. programme…
Journalist How cool is that?
Dr Brooks I know, but wait, if you study for an 1 the modern 6 create
undergraduate degree in Sports, 2 science fiction 7 horses think
Media and Culture at the University of 3 is part 8 on surfing
Staffordshire, you can take a module 4 performing 9 of history
on footballer, David Beckham, 5 is offered 10 Masters’ studies
learning about his life and work.
Journalist ...any more crazy courses out there?

Towards INVALSI | P RO V E D ’ ESA ME 265

 Page 24 the airline went into liquidation and they were
asked to pay a further £1,000 for new flights.
Level B2: Listening 3 7
The company they had booked with, had paid
separately for flight transfers and
Speaker 1
accommodation which meant my friends had to
When we got to the airport we were offered a rebook their flights and pay the new fare. They
leaflet giving information about scams involving could have claimed a full refund because the
fake Spanish holiday clubs. It was warning airline was covered by insurance, but the travel
tourists to be wary of touts handing out scratch agency didn’t even bother to let them know.
cards which tell them they have won a prize.
Apparently, these cards were being used to lure Speaker 4
poor, unsuspecting holiday makers to a high
There’s nothing worse than going on holiday
cost sales pitch. Tourists who had attended sales
and not being able to get home because the
presentations, had ended up spending
airline has gone into liquidation. A friend of mine
thousands of pounds in membership fees by
is being badly affected. She is due to marry in
signing up for fake holiday clubs. Most of them
Florida and has booked all the flights and
found they had simply bought access to an
transfers through a local travel agency. Forty of
internet booking service offering a service which
her guests were due to fly out on 26th
they could have got for free at a travel agent.
September with XL Airlines and all the flights
The leaflet said that, on average, the victims lost
have been cancelled. Poor thing! She was so
about three thousand pounds each with
enthusiastic when she booked. She even paid
absolutely no hope of getting their money back!
£3000 in cash because she didn’t want to pay
Speaker 2 the 3% charge on her credit card and now she
might have to get a bridging loan so that she
Do you remember the good old times when
can pay for a new set of flights at a later date.
holidays were booked as a package, covering
She is worried she might not be able to get out
flights, transfers and accommodation and if there
there for her own wedding!
were any problems you could usually rely on the
travel agent to sort them out? Well, my wife and I
Speaker 5
decided to try the oldfashioned way and we
booked an all-inclusive holiday with ‘Holiday We had an awful journey to reach our holiday
World’ for our 25th wedding anniversary. destination in Turkey. Heavy traffic on the
Unfortunately, I had a bad fall while on holiday motorway in England followed by delays at the
and was advised by the doctor to get in touch airports, not to mention a three and a half hour
with my travel insurance. That’s when I discovered bus ride to reach the hotel! After sixteen hours
from the hotel manager that we had not been travelling, we were both exhausted, so we had a
booked at the hotel with ‘Holiday World’ but with quick snack and retired to bed. The next
‘Comos’ – he explained that different parts of our morning, I awoke to find my sister very excited
holiday had been booked with different after waking in the early hours to watch the
companies. So, we tried to claim through our dawn break and listen to a donkey braying, birds
agent’s insurers for the medical costs but because singing and the mosque calling people to prayer.
we weren’t actually on a package holiday, we My sister thought this was a fun start to our
weren’t able to claim compensation for the holiday, whereas I just snuggled further down
accident. Have you ever heard such nonsense?! under the covers and went back to sleep.

Speaker 3 1D 2E 3F 4A 5C
Two friends of mine booked a package holiday
to Sharm-el-Sheikh in Egypt with Corner Street
Travel at a cost of £1,438. They’d seen it Page 25
advertised on TV, so one of them rang up and
paid for the whole package, including travel Level B2: Listening 4 8

insurance, immediately. A letter confirming full

payment arrived, stating they would fly with Intvw. In the studio today is musician, James
TVA Airways, but two weeks before the holiday, Holland, who’s come to tell us about

266 PRO VE D’ ESAME | Towards INVALSI

 the pleasure and satisfaction that can mistake of starting them too young or
be gained from the love and practice of too soon because lessons can be hard to
music. cope with under the age of eight.
Man I could not imagine a life without music, Intvw. What about children with a disability?
not being able to play an instrument or Man Music can be great therapy, it can
having access to music whether through be a way of exploring the world or
radio, television, CDs or concerts. The simply a pleasurable experience in
best thing about music is that anyone its own right whether the child is
can take it up. It is easily accessible and listening to or creating music. Most
very rewarding, it is also an amazing children respond beautifully to music.
combination of physical coordination Attending music classes is stimulating
and intellectual and expressive activity. and it gives the child the chance to
Intvw. How would someone with an interest socialize with children who don’t treat
in music go about finding a suitable him any differently. One case which
instrument and learning to play? comes to mind is David, an autistic boy
Man Well, the first and obvious thing is who ignored his brother for several
to decide on the instrument. Most years. Music therapy has made a
people, whether musical or not, have positive impact on their lives and their
their favourites. Then, learning to play interaction has increased remarkably.
your chosen instrument, this can be Intvw. And where can parents find this sort of
done perhaps with private lessons or help if they have a disabled child?
depending on your choice of instrument, Man If parents are looking for a music
maybe in a class or with a group of therapist, they should contact A.P.M.T,
likeminded would be musicians. the Association of Professional Music
Intvw. What about children? When do you take Therapists, as only the therapists who
their wish to learn an instrument and have completed a recognized course
study music seriously? are allowed to be state registered.
Man You will soon discover how enthusiastic There is also a centre in London called
your child is, by the way they decide on Norway Robins, which provides music
an instrument and whether they practise therapy, training courses and a research
without always being told to do so. They department. It was founded on the
may find a new way of playing around belief that we can all respond to music
with their instrument. In other words, even when ill or disabled. The ability to
they are not just ‘practising’, but learning express ourselves through music and
to make music with it. sound is an innate capacity which does
Intvw. How would you go about helping a child not depend on musical skills or verbal
choose an instrument and what age do language. The children have lots of fun
you think they should start? and a great social life as a result of the
Man It needn’t be too much of a problem, fact that they play musical instruments.
most children will begin with a piano, They are learning a universal language
recorder, violin or cello, they need to feel beyond words and you don’t have to be
comfortable with it. Some instruments academic to be musical. So children with
are more suitable for younger children: differing abilities can play together, this
the recorder, for instance, is easy to plays an important part in that it can
handle and some stringed instruments bring together able-bodied and disabled
are available in smaller versions. Brass children to enjoy the same musical
and woodwind should be left until they pastimes.
have the strength to blow and they have
their second teeth. To find out which
1C 2A 3B 4C 5B 6B 7C
type of music your child really likes, you
can take them to concerts to listen to
live music and find out about different
instruments. You shouldn’t make the

Towards INVALSI | P RO V E D ’ ESA ME 267

 EXAM PRACTICE sisters was and its visitor centres has formed an
alliance with the Bronte Parsonage Museum to
continue providing a service to tourists.
Pages 34-35 4 TICs are in crisis because of spending cuts and
because the internet has supplanted them.
1 1 A combination of a charter flight and several
5 The advantages of e-tourism are the ease, extent
weeks’ accommodation, but it can also mean any
and accessibility of the tourist information
kind of organised holiday ‘experience’.
available online; for example the ability to
2 The first package holiday was a train journey to
‘download a walk, check last-minute hotels
the city of Loughborough provided by travel
availability’ or find a boat trip.
agent called Thomas Cook in 1841.
6 Its disadvantages are the fact that you can’t
3 Before package holidays British people went to
always get an internet signal in the countryside
seaside resorts across the UK, where they did not
and that it takes away the essential human
expect to find good weather.
element of travel, meeting local people and
4 There were several reasons for the boom in
learning about the local area from them.
package holidays: more relaxed borders and
7 The writer was made to feel truly welcome at a
greater ease in taking money abroad; an increase
TIC in Ambleside in the Lake District, where he
in available airplanes and cheaper flights after the
got some useful information about things to do
war; countries promoting themselves as holiday
with the family when it was raining heavily.
destinations in order to ‘rebuild their economies’.
8 Visit Scotland plans to replace its TICs with 1,500
5 Spain and southern Europe, in particular Costa
‘information partners’ from ‘local businesses’
Brava, Mallorca, Corsica and Greece were popular
involved in the tourist industry. It is also planning
early destinations for package holidays.
to go into partnership with a bookshop chain
6 Growth of package holidays stopped because
called Waterstones, who will provide local tourism
some tour operators got into financial difficulty. As
information literature in their shops.
a result of which many tourists were stranded
9 The writer believes that some TICs should be
abroad and others lost the money they had spent
replaced because they offer such a bad or
on booking their holidays.
outdated service, particularly as they are based
7 ATOL helped by providing ‘some financial
on an irrelevant business model, given the way
protection’ and by bringing people home, but it
we choose to travel nowadays.
soon ran out of money to do this.
10 He thinks TICs could change or evolve by
8 The writer recommends people take out travel
becoming more dynamic, maybe providing more
insurance before they travel, regardless of other
nostalgic services such as ‘tea and cake or a retro
possible compensation for holiday cancellation.
1950s milk bar’. He also suggests that they could
9 Middle class tourists can be snobbish about
share their space with other community activities
package holidays. It is unfair because for many
or become hubs for local entertainment.
people a package holiday represents “novelty”
and “adventure” and because it is also more 2 Personal answer
sustainable than long-haul flight holidays.
10 Because despite the facts that you have a lot of
freedom and choice when you book directly Pages 38-39
online, the tour operators still offer package
holidays at more competitive prices. 1 1 The internet has made it possible for us to book
flights online and to use online travel agents.
2 Personal answer Recent developments include finding hotels on
our smartphones, receiving holiday prices set
by computers, or information from ‘chatbots’. In
Pages 36-37 the future we might see ‘the first autonomous
cargo flights’.
1 1 Visit Scotland has recently announced a plan to
2 Data analysis by internet-based firms hasn’t
close over half its Tourist Information Centres in
caused a decline in jobs ‘so far’ because there
Scotland.
has been an increase in jobs in certain areas of
2 Many Information Centres for tourists in national
tourism such as accommodation.
parks have also been closed.
3 Skyscanner believes the use of ‘bots’ is more
3 Howarth is where the home of the literary Bronte
human because it is in the form of a

268 PRO VE D’ ESAME | Exam Practice

 conversation and customers often ‘ask for the 3 This is going to change in 2020 when cruise ships
bot’s name, send an emoji or sticker of will be expected to reduce sulphur emissions by
appreciation.’ 3% in order to comply with new IMO laws.
4 He believes it’s important to ‘cut costs and 4 Many cruise companies intend to use technology
focus on loyalty’ by using Artificial Intelligence that washes their exhausts with seawater, but
to find out more information about customers experts says this just moves the pollution
and deliver what they want, so they will use problem from the air to the water.
services again. 5 The installation of ‘abatement technology’ would
5 The Professor is optimistic because he believes be better according to Oeliger. This would mean
that bookings based on the reviews of real switching to cleaner fuels like LNG.
people are a better system than nepotism. He 6 Tristan Smith disagrees with this idea because
also thinks that it is inevitable that people will LNG only slightly reduces CO2 emissions in ships
ultimately be replaced by technology, but that not creating a long-term solution to pollution.
they will also be able to find better jobs. 7 Various cruise companies have adopted the use
6 AI could help people like a waiter to make food of alternative energy sources such as: plug-in
and drink recommendations to customers or batteries; hybrid power and a rotor sail system.
receptions staff to make service 8 Viking Line believes the investment will give the
recommendations based on the internet company a competitive advantage because the
information about them. current focus on reducing pollution in the North
7 Around 20% of British tourists still use of Europe will induce customers to choose to go
conventional travel agents to book they on a cruise with Viking rather than another
holidays and this is because people like the company thanks to its use of alternative energy.
‘human touch’ they get through face-to-face 9 As examples of ‘bad behaviour’ the article
contact. mentions Princess Cruises being fined £33m for
8 Some people find chatbots frustrating because illegally dumping oil in the sea, and the
they don’t always provide correct information supposedly ‘green’ Carnival cruise line being
or replies to the questions posed. They also criticised by the NGO that originally ranked them
lack personal experience that people bring highly as an environmentally friendly cruise
when offering advice. company.
9 ABTA is also concerned about potential 10 It is in the wider interest of cruise companies to
breaches of people’s privacy when information become greener because it impacts not just the
is collated about customers and possibly environment they travel to, but also the health of
shared or misused. passengers who travel on board their ships.
10 According to Ian Yeoman, visiting professor at
the European Tourism Futures Institute, AI won’t 2 Personal answer
work in many parts of the world where it’s
cheaper to employ real people and where they
don’t have the necessary ‘technological Pages 42-43
infrastructure’ to support it.
1 1 After the age of 25 you stop paying high car
2 Personal answer rental deposits and surcharges, but you lose
your right to young person’s rail discounts.
2 The idea of a ‘millennial’ railcard provoked
Pages 40-41 positive reactions from people who might
benefit from it and a negative reaction from a
1 1 The average cruise ship produces the same rail expert who thought it wasn’t needed.
amount of air pollution as five million cars do 3 Mark Smith explains that railcards should be
travelling the same distance. aimed at groups of people such as students or
2 Pollution from shipping has been less well young people who are likely to spend more on
regulated than that from road transport because travel overall if they are offered discounts on
historically ‘people didn’t care about emissions individual trips.
on open water’, and responsibility for regulating 4 The writer thinks that it’s a good idea to offer
it is often devolved outside the country to the millennials a railcard because it will encourage
IMO, or it lacks any form of regulation in small them to travel by train rather than by car
nations. unless absolutely necessary.

Exam Practice | PR O V E D ’ E S A M E 269

 5 Germany and Switzerland have National local knowledge in this way.
Railcards and in Switzerland in particular it is 5 The writer recommends choosing independent
so popular that it actually comes up as the boutique hotels, that usually have fewer rooms,
default booking option online. because the service tends to be more
6 Smith believes that the use of the National personalized, with staff keen to recommend
Railcard in Switzerland actually pushes up their favourite restaurants, bars and place to
prices for ‘first-time or occasional rail use’ visit.
making it cheaper for people to travel by car 6 There are a few problems that can be
rather than by rail. Thus he doesn’t believe experienced by travelling alone, they are
that the train operators make more money or linguistic, religious, cultural and physical
attract new customers. limitations.
7 Budget airlines support Smith’s argument 7 The writer proposes booking a ‘private guided
because they are extremely successful, but all tour’, hiring ‘a translator and a driver’, finding
passengers pay the same apart from very local residents offering ‘authentic tours of their
young children and young people under 16. hometown’, or booking small group tours.
8 The writer concludes that a millennial 8 She thinks the best way to get to know a place
Railcard will increase rail travel and is to get lost, because there is so much more to
consequently benefit the environment. a town than its main landmarks and streets. In
9 He thinks rail travel could be further this way, is possible to find attractions, museum
improved by reforming the entire system of or temple that are not in the guidebooks, or a
rail ticket pricing, which he believes is out- café or restaurant popular with locals. Another
dated. option is to check local entertainment listings to
10 When the writer says: ‘Many rail tickets are find live concerts, performances or events going
too expensive and some are too cheap – on in town.
though whenever I mention that latter point, 9 Exploring in this way she followed a Thai chi
the heckles begin. From all age groups.’ he class in a park in Tokyo, learnt how to make
means that nobody wants to pay any more Goulash in Hungary, and had a chic haircut in
for a railcard whatever category or age group Milan, all of which enabled her to meet local
they belong too and resist this kind of people, in order to truly experience the
proposal whatever its long-term merits. authentic local lifestyle and see the country as
they do.
2 Personal answer 10 She tells us not to overbook and to be flexible,
and not follow a schedule that goes from place
to place, because going with the flow is the only
Pages 44-45 way to get to know the heart and soul of a
place and its people.
1 1 People want to combine visits to iconic sights
with unique and ‘authentic, local experiences’ 2 Personal answer
when they travel nowadays.
2 The writer says that ‘timing is everything’
because she suggests travelling ‘off season’ and Pages 46-47
‘during off-peak hours’ because travel will be
cheaper, there will be fewer people around and 1 1 According to research the particular aspect
the whole experience will be more authentic. of nature that makes us feel happier is water,
3 The writer visited Paris in March, when there which might explain the regular summer
weren’t many tourists around and she was able holiday trips to the seaside.
to visit Louvre and climb the top of the Eiffel 2 Mappiness is an app which mapped how
Tower. When she returned to Paris for a second 65,000 people in different parts of the UK
visit, she went. at the height of the tourist felt at different times of the day and year,
season and found it ‘hard to enjoy’. there is a link between where we are and
4 The writer doesn’t opt for this type of how we feel.
accommodation because she travels on her own 3 This app discovered that the most northerly
and enjoys the particular type of friendships part of Scotland, the Outer Hebrides is one
you discover with other ‘likeminded travellers’ of the places where people are happiest in
or locals in small hotels. She also gains a lot of the UK.

270 PRO VE D’ ESAME | Exam Practice

 4 Hearing that inhabitants of Scotland’s Outer 3 Climate change has affected the parks by
Hebrides are the happiest in Britain might be destroying trees and threatening the habitats
surprising because they live in such a distant of wildlife on land and in the sea, thanks to
and inhospitable place. The writer reflects rising temperatures and sea levels.
that in winter the beauty of the Outer 4 If we don’t take action, we could lose the
Hebrides’s environment can be ‘hidden by glaciers from Glacier National Park, the trees
rain’, it’s dark for much of the day, the wind from the Joshua Tree National Park, bison from
can be very strong. Yellowstone National Park and the cliff
5 The Office of National Statistics judged the dwellings from Mesa Verde National Park.
Outer Hebrides to be the happiest place in 5 The NPS is trying to tackle climate change by
the UK and they also found it to be one of reducing its own C02 emissions by 35% by
the best places in the UK for ‘life 2020 and by changing the way in which it
satisfaction’. manages parks to deal with the future effects
6 The secret of the islanders’ happiness is the it may cause.
people themselves, because when you live in 6 The NPS faces an expensive and never-ending
such isolate place you develop a sense of to-do-list in maintaining the parks. In addition
community that is lacking in many other to this it tends to prioritise visitor safety and
parts of the UK. experience to the detriment of wider health
7 The reasons behind such sense of and safety issues, such as a need for rewiring.
community are probably that they have 7 Most of the parks’ funding comes from
known each other since childhood, they grew Congress, with the remainder coming from
up together, related to one another and they entrance charges, philanthropy and fees from
feel a strong sense of belonging to the place businesses operating on the land. In recent
where they live. times Congress has cut the annual budget by
8 A research in Canada supports this idea, 8% thanks to austerity.
because it found that there is a greater sense 8 There are lots of visitors to the national parks,
of ‘belonging’ and ‘trust’ amongst people but they are not very representative of the
who live in small communities. population, as they are generally older, white
9 The different reasons that people give for and middle-class.
their feeling of future optimism are various, 9 In order to try an attract younger visitors, the
some say that they feel healthier living in the parks have launched the Find Your Park
countryside because of the clean air and campaign, promoting the parks on social
abundance of nature, while others argue that media; they offer a free family pass for all
the pace of life is more relaxed. children of 10; they also offer special courses
10 The writer thinks that their secret of to graduates, families, high school pupils and
happiness is their connection between place children.
and people, deep and unbreakable. 10 According to Saul Weinberg we should follow
the advice of writer Jack Kerouac and ‘Climb
2 Personal answer that goddamn mountain!’ because it is the only
meaningful thing we will remember later in life.

Pages 48-49 2 Personal answer

1 1 There are 59 national parks in the USA, run by

the National Park Service. They were created so
that everyone could access them, rather than
being sold to private owners.
2 The North Cascades is an extremely beautiful
park, combining ice, fire, water and wood in
such a way that is looks like a ‘nature-layered
cake’. The problems evident in the North
Cascades are lack of funding, the effects of
climate change and the fact that park visitors
are all from the same background and are not
very young.

Exam Practice | PR O V E D ’ E S A M E 271

 ALTERNANZA SCUOLA-LAVORO Pages 72-73
Pages 50-51 Writing Part 1
Personal answer
1B 2E 3C 4A 5F 6D
Writing Part 2
FIRST (FCE) PRACTICE TEST Personal answer

Page 62 Page 74
Reading and Use of English Part 1
Listening Part 1 9
1B 2A 3B 4A 5D 6D 7C 8D

Part 1. You will hear people talking in eight
Page 63 different situations. For questions 1-8, choose the
best answer (A, B or C).
Reading and Use of English Part 2
9 if 13 was 1 You hear a woman talking about a young man.
10 are 14 more I don’t know what’s got into him. He used to
11 of 15 As be such a sweet boy. He’d come round to the
12 as/while/when 16 so house at Christmas time and sing such lovely
carols. My husband used to take him fishing
on Sunday mornings… if you could get him out
Page 64 of bed on time of course. Now he hardly says
Reading and Use of English Part 3 a word to either of us and he’s been getting
into terrible trouble in the classroom. The
17 phenomenal 21 walking
headmaster has asked them all to come in for
18 legendary 22 earlier
a meeting. We’re all worried he’s going to be
19 spectacular 23 congregation
expelled from school.
20 marked 24 awarded
2 You hear a man talking about a house.
Page 65 In the end I just decided it wasn’t really what
I was looking for. Sure, if you compare it to
Reading and Use of English Part 4 places in the centre of town, it certainly wasn’t
25 the last time 28 shouldn’t have bad value for money. But, at the end of the
26 can’t wait for invested day, it’s just me, no wife, no kids, why would
27 I wish I hadn’t 29 is being collected I need two extra bedrooms? I know it’s more
said 30 so it wouldn’t expensive to stay here in town, but I don’t really
want to spend an hour or more commuting
from the outskirts rather than just walking half
Pages 66-67 an hour to work.
Reading and Use of English Part 5
3 You hear someone talking about a concert they
31 C 32 B 33 D 34 A 35 C 36 B went to.
All my friends laughed when I told them I’d
Pages 68-69 bought tickets. ‘How old are you?’ they asked,
and I suppose they’ve got a point – I think the
Reading and Use of English Part 6 lead singer is only a couple of years younger
37 D 38 A 39 F 40 C 41 G 42 B than my granddad. But I’ve always loved their
music... well…their early stuff from the 60s and
70s… that’s why I felt really let down when they
Pages 70-71 spent 40 minutes playing songs from their
Reading and Use of English Part 7 new album, which I have to say, isn’t great. But
43 C 44 D 45 A 46 C 47 B 48 A 49 B/D once that was out of the way they went on to
50 D/B 51 B 52 A play just about every song they’ve ever written.

272 PRO VE D’ ESAME | First (FCE) Practice Test

 You’ve got to admire their energy… I can’t B Ah… that’s what I’ll do then. Can I have one
imagine my granddad running around on stage of those please.
for that long. A Sure. That’s £25 please.

4 You hear somebody talking about a trip they 7 You hear a young woman talking about her
are about to take. decision to leave home.
I’ve been there before, I went there with my wife I’ve been really surprised by their reaction to
to celebrate our third anniversary, which was five be honest. They’ve been really supportive,
years ago now. We had a great time just sitting Dad even lent me the money for the deposit
around in the squares, getting a tan and seeing and helped me move all my stuff in. That’s the
the sights. I don’t imagine I’ll get to see many odd thing, they have such an old fashioned
sights this time, unless you count a hotel room, attitude I thought that never in a million years
the inside of a taxi and a conference centre as would they let me. I think that’s what made
sights. Luckily it’s only 4 days and I’ll be back me decide to leave really, we never seemed
on Saturday… I’d better be, my brother’s getting to see eye to eye on anything and would get
married and I’m the best man! on each other’s nerves and row about almost
everything. My new place is a little nearer to
5 You hear a television quiz programme. the office, but only about another 10 minutes
A So Brian, this is it... here comes the final on the bus. What’s great is that now I have my
question. Let me remind you, you’ve used own space and I can just invite a friend round,
all three life lines and if you choose to play cook dinner, watch a DVD, that sort of thing,
and get the answer wrong you’ll walk home without having to check with mum and dad
with nothing. If, after hearing the question, if it’s OK… and possibly having a blazing row
you decide not to play, you keep the two about it.
thousand pounds you’ve already won. But…
if you get the answer right… you win the 8 You hear a radio advertisement.
jackpot of ten thousand pounds. OK? Here Wellco Supermarkets are offering another
it is… who won the European Football Cup sensational summer savings sizzler. In our East
in 1979 and 1980? Was it A: Real Madrid, B: Park, Church Street and North Road branches,
Liverpool or C: Nottingham Forest. buy 2 one and a half litre bottles of premiocola
B Well… I think it was Nottingham Forest but for just £1.40, that’s a saving of nearly 50%... and
I’m not absolutely sure… so I think I’ll keep that’s not all. Collect the tokens on each bottle
what I’ve already won. I’ve had a lovely day, top and for every 6 you’ll get a free margherita
thanks for everything. or tex mex pizza at PizzaNation in the high
A Well, Brian, you’re a cautious man… and you street. Enter our free draw to win a holiday for
were right... it was answer C: Nottingham two in Punta Cana, Mexico when you spend over
Forest. A round of applause everybody for £25 on any Wellco own-brand products.
Brian Smith, a worthy winner.
That is the end of Part 1.
6 You hear somebody buying a train ticket.
A Hello Scottish Rail, how can I help you?
1B 2C 3B 4A 5C 6A 7A 8A
B Hi, I’d like to buy a return ticket to Glasgow
please.
A When were you thinking of travelling back? Page 75
B I’m not exactly sure, maybe next Monday
but it’s not really definite. Listening Part 2 10
A Well, an open return is £67.20 which means
you can come back any time before the end Now turn to Part 2. You will hear an expert talking
of next month. If you decide to buy a fixed about the mystery surrounding the origins of
return for next Monday that’s £43.50. But Stonehenge. For questions 9-18, complete the
you know, a single is £25… so if you buy a sentences with a word or short phrase. You now
single and then another single when you have 45 seconds to look at Part 2.
decide to come back, you’re only spending For thousands of years archaeologists have
£6.50 more than the fixed return. been trying to solve the puzzle of the origin of

First (FCE) Practice Test | PR O V E D ’ E S A M E 273

 Stonehenge and discover a reason why this huge also been declared that the 2300 BC date relates
circle of stones was built five thousand years to the time when the stones were moved from
ago to align perfectly on the summer and winter the outer pits to the centre of the site. An earlier
solstice. For centuries experts have wondered if it theory was that the holes had held bluestones
was built as a place of worship or if it could have due to a discovery in 1920 in three of the pits of
been part of a huge astronomical calendar. Some crushed and compacted chalk. The stones were
experts believe it is possible that the stones were very closely associated with the remains of the
put in place to serve some form of ritual function dead. Cremation burials were carried out from
but despite numerous theories no one really inside the holes holding the stones and also the
knows why Stonehenge was originally built. A areas around them. The archaeologists believe
geology team declared that the stones that form that it is possible that very early in the history of
the inner ring came from the Preseli Mountains Stonehenge there were fifty-six Welsh bluestones
in Wales and had been carried two hundred and forming one ring which would have measured 87
forty miles over land and sea. A geomorphologist metres across. Although Stonehenge has existed
living in Pembrokeshire contradicted the for thousands of years, it still holds a fascination
assumption that the stones had been dug out of not only for archaeologists but also members
a quarry and transported by Bronze Age man to of the public and the site is visited by up to a
Stonehenge saying that it ‘stretched credibility’. million people every year – at the same time
It has been suggested in the Oxford Journal of Archaeologists and other enthusiasts continue
Archaeology that the bluestones were ripped their work in the hope that one day they may find
from the ground and moved by glaciers during the true reasons for the building of Stonehenge.
the ice age. The debate will go on until someone
is able to prove beyond doubt what happened That is the end of Part 2.
one way or the other. The origins of Stonehenge
have baffled archaeologists since its discovery 9 built 14 criss-cross
in seventeen twenty-three. There are ancient 10 worship 15 antler
avenues which criss-cross the land surrounding 11 inner 16 racetrack
the stones but no one knows what they mean. 12 transported 17 outer pits
The most famous of these avenues is the Cursus. 13 glaciers 18 bluestones
This is an extraordinary feature of the landscape
stretching for two miles but the reasons why it
was built and what it was built for, have not yet
Page 76
been discovered. During a recent excavation on Listening Part 3 11
the site, there was a remarkable find. A fragment
of an antler which was used as a pick was found
Now turn to Part 3. You will hear five different
while working was being done on an old burial
people talking about holidays they have had. For
barrow at the end of the Cursus.
questions 19-23, choose from the list (A–H), what
The archaeologists working on the dig hope to
each person says about the holidays. Use the letters
find material which will enable them to possibly
only once. There are three extra letters which you
date when the burial borrow was built and how
do not need to use. You now have 30 seconds to
it links to the Cursus. There have been many
look at Part 3.
theories over the years. One, that it could have
been a racetrack for Roman chariots until it Speaker 1
was discovered to be much older than that. A
It came as a complete surprise. Right out of the
new excavation puts the arrival of the stones at
blue she came home and told me she’d been made
3000 BC – which is nearly five hundred years
redundant from work and said why didn’t we just
earlier than originally thought and suggests
take off for a year and travel around the world. Well,
that perhaps it was mainly used as a burial site.
it just all seemed to make sense. I wasn’t enjoying
This conflicts with research that had dated the
my work at the time and was thinking about doing
construction of Stonehenge to 2300 BC and had
something else. Her company had given her quite a
proposed it was a healing centre. This date was
generous redundancy package and also we could
arrived at by carbon dating and was the major
rent out our house for the year; that would give us
find from an excavation inside the henge. It has
enough to live on for the year as long as we were

274 PRO VE D’ ESAME | First (FCE) Practice Test

careful with our money. And I’m pleased to say that Speaker 5
we were, apart from the occasional few luxuries I’d really been looking forward to going there and I
here and there… you know, meals in expensive wasn’t disappointed. Not in the least. From the
restaurants for special occasions like birthdays or moment you arrive there you feel immersed in its
anniversaries, that kind of thing. history. It’s the birthplace of civilisation after all, and
every street you walk down reminds you of this. I
Speaker 2 know some people wouldn’t find it much fun, to be
It’s something I’d been looking into for some time. going from boring museum to boring museum, but
To tell you the truth, it’s something I’ve wanted to it wasn’t like that. When you see some of the
do ever since I was a kid. It just never seemed that collections they have in the museums, and you see
it would be something I could realistically do, so it it in context to the city itself, well, it’s an
just remained a dream. But after somebody told me extraordinary feeling. The weather wasn’t great but
how cheap it was when you actually got there, I I don’t think that spoiled it for us at all. It’s not like
started to do some serious research. And really, you go to a place like that just to sit on the beach
although actually getting there is very expensive, and get a tan. We had a week there, but really you’d
the price of the hotels, restaurants and travelling need a month just to see everything.
around the country is so low compared to places in
Europe, it means that in total you’re not paying That is the end of Part 3.
much more than you would for a cheap holiday on
the beach in Greece or Spain. And it’s a lot more 19 H 20 A 21 B 22 C 23 F
interesting than just lying around on a beach
somewhere. It was great. I’m going back there next
year. I didn’t think I would ever be able to say that. Page 77
Speaker 3 Listening Part 4 12
It’s not every day you go on honeymoon, but if you
ask me it was all a bit over the top. We had our own
Now turn to Part 4. You will hear an interview
private beach and the staff couldn’t do enough for
with a psychologist about sharing houses.
us; they wouldn’t let us do a thing for ourselves. For
For questions 24-30, choose the best answer A,
example if I tried to pour myself a drink, somebody
B or C. You now have one minute to look at
would suddenly appear and take the bottle out of
Part 4.
my hand and finish pouring it. I know it’s all these
luxuries that you’re paying for but it’s a bit much for A Moving away from home is a big step and one
me and wasn’t something I was comfortable with. I most of us make when we go off to college or
suppose you must just get used to it after a while, university. The chances are you’ll find yourself
but all the time I kept thinking that it would have sharing a house or a flat. We’ve invited Dr.
been a better idea if we’d used that money to buy a Victoria Millington into the studio to discuss
washing machine and some new furniture instead problems with sharing accommodation and
of going to all that expense. strategies for anticipating and dealing with
them.
Speaker 4 B Sharing a house or a flat can be daunting, but
To tell you the truth, the hotel was a bit of a it can be fun, too. One of the most rewarding
letdown. The pictures in the brochure were things about living in a shared household is
flattering to say the very least. The restaurant was the social side. There’s always someone to
supposed to be five star but I can honestly say I’ve talk to; you never have to be alone unless
had better food in a motorway service station. It you wish to be. Among the best time you’ll
wasn’t all bad though, the area itself was lovely. The have living with others is when you share
beach near the village was lovely and had with friends. Also, it’s very handy to share
everything you could ask for… clean white sand, if you want to move out of home, but can’t
beautiful blue sea, palm trees. And the locals were afford your own flat. And as long as the basic
really friendly and really made a fuss of the kids. I rules and routines are clear, it’s much more
think we’ll go back there soon, but we’ll definitely interesting than living on your own.
stay in a different hotel, that one wasn’t good value A What’s the most common problem people
for money at all. face when sharing?

First (FCE) Practice Test | PR O V E D ’ E S A M E 275

 B One of the most contentious areas when accommodating to people you already know
living in a shared household has got to be and like. For another, you might not know
cleanliness, or lack thereof. Some people are, how much you can trust them. However,
frankly, lazy. At the other end of the scale, moving in with friends comes with a warning.
some flatmates hover over you while you’re What if you fall out over the washing up?
eating your dinner and when you pause at Realising that you could easily destroy a great
the end of your meal, they demand you wash friendship as housemates, and preparing
up your plate immediately. There are several for that, is one step towards harmony. But
approaches to this problem and you and your you might not want to risk the cost of a
flatmates will have to decide which is the best friendship and you could decide that living
approach for you. Maybe the best and most with strangers is the best thing to do. After
obvious idea is to make a rota. Some people all, it could be fun, you never know who you
find this restrictive, but it’s a fair system and might meet. It’s just as well to meet up with
if you work it out well beforehand, it can your new flatmates before you sign anything
really pay off. It’s up to you how you arrange though. Think about going out with them for
it: you could make sure each person takes the evening. Or at least chat to them while
responsibility for one room or alternate all you’re looking around the place. Sometimes
the jobs that need to be done. However, it fate throws you together with people and
is essential that everyone sticks to the plan, you get on famously. However, it can be a
otherwise half of you will feel resentful and shock when you have to live with people who
the others will feel guilty. Sometimes it can you have nothing in common with or who
be difficult to keep up with the rota due to do things that you consider to be anti-social
changing circumstances, so factor in some or odd. If you have a choice, try to choose
flexibility – think about taking turns for having people to live with whose behaviour you think
a week off, for example. you can bear. If you don’t like people playing
A What are other common problems? heavy rock or acid house music all day and
B Space is another serious matter. In order to night, don’t live with them. If you think it’s
get on well with your flatmates, communal fine to leave dirty socks out in the sitting
space is important. Just think about it. Living room, then make sure that you choose people
in a flat with no meeting place other than a who are similarly untidy. Being considerate
small kitchen, say, will mean that you’ll never is one of the fundamentals to living with
get friendlier than just saying hello politely other people, but it helps if you have a similar
and exchanging a few words. It’s a bit sad outlook and attitude to life. It’s no good if
when everyone goes back to their own room. just one of you likes partying all night. Much
So when you’re choosing somewhere to live, better that you all do. If you’re all into hiking
think about whether or not you want to be or cycling, you’ll understand better that
sociable. Your own space is important too. In equipment left all over the hall is a fact of life.
the beginning, if you’re finding it tough to live
with other people, your own space is a haven. That is is the end of Part 4.
It’s somewhere where you can relax.
In your own room, you can calm down if you’re
24 A 25 B 26 C 27 C 28 A 29 A 30 A
feeling rather ‘frazzled’, which will make you
better company for when you meet up with
your flatmates. It also means that you’re not Pages 78-83
always getting under each other’s feet.
A And what kind of people is it best to live with? Speaking Part 1
B Once you’ve made friends and have been Personal answers
living with them for a while, you’ll come to
realise that group dynamics are important. Speaking Part 2
There are two options as regards living Personal answers
arrangements: you can live with friends or
you can live with strangers. Some people
Speaking Parts 3-4
couldn’t share a place with someone they
don’t know. For one thing, you can be more Personal answers

276 PRO VE D’ ESAME | First (FCE) Practice Test

 Silvana Sardi

EXPLORE TRAVEL & TOURISM

TESTS AND RESOURCES

Unit Tests p. 278

Obiettivi minimi -- Unit Tests p. 332

Answer key and audioscripts p. 386

Obiettivi minimi -- Answer key p. 394

and audioscripts

First (FCE) Practice Test | PR O V E D ’ E S A M E 277

 TEST UNIT 1 Name : _______________________________
The Tourism Industry Class : ___________ Date : _____________

TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE 1 (pp. 10-19)

1 Choose the correct option.
1 Which of the following best defines a visitor? 4 Which statement best describes the Grand Tour?
A A traveller who does a trip to a main destination A It was undertaken by members of the British
in his/her usual environment. aristocracy and upper classes.
B A traveller whose trip lasts more than a year. B It involved travelling all over the world.
C A traveller whose objective is to start a new C It was a trip that lasted up to five years.
job. D It was purely seen as a means of pleasure.
D A traveller who does a trip for business, leisure
or other personal purpose. 5 In the document Tourism Towards 2030, what has
UNWTO predicted?
2 What is domestic tourism? A International tourism will decrease.
A When the trip involves staying as a guest at B Europe and the Americas will see an increase in
somebody’s house. their share of international tourism.
B When the trip takes place within a person’s C Emerging economies will reach the same level of
country of residence. international tourist arrivals as advanced economies.
C When the trip involves families and not D Arrivals in emerging economies will exceed those in
singles. advanced economies.
D When the trip takes place outside a person’s
country of residence. 6 Which statement best defines sustainable tourism?
A Its main objective is to offer holidays that can be
3 Tourism can be said to date back to… afforded by everybody.
A the end of the 18th century. B It aims to reduce to a minimum the negative economic,
B the Middle Ages. social and environmental impacts of tourism.
C the Romans and Greeks. C Its purpose is to concentrate only on the present
D the Renaissance. and promote tourism as much as possible.
D It follows one set of standard rules that are applied to
all situations.
___ 12
2 Answer these questions.
1 Explain the most common reasons for travelling.
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
2 Describe how the Industrial Revolution influenced tourism.
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
3 Explain the reasons which have contributed to the continued growth of tourism to the present date.
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
4 Describe the economic impact of tourism.
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________

___ 12

3 Write a short essay (about 100 words) describing the advantages and disadvantages of tourism for a
country.

___ 16

Total ___ 40

278 TEST UN IT 1 | The Tourism Industry Photocopiable | Explore © ELI

 Name : _______________________________
Class : ___________ Date : _____________

TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE 2 (pp. 20-25)

1 Choose the correct option.
1 Which statement best describes a Pro Loco? 4 A package holiday is sold to the consumer by…
A It aims to stimulate tourism in Italy as a whole A an airline.
and for each region. B a tour operator.
B It is a non-profit association run by volunteers C a travel agency.
to promote local traditions. D both a tour operator and a travel agency.
C It works on a regional level.
D It provides accommodation for tourists. 5 A tour operator…
A sells plane, rail and ferry tickets.
2 VisitBritain… B organises travel insurance.
A is a private company dealing with tourism. C combines two or more travel services offered by
B promotes tourism only in England. primary suppliers.
C is a public body funded by the government. D provides information on visa requirements.
D has partner agencies all over the world.
6 Expedia.com is an example of…
3 In the distribution chain for tourism products… A a comparison site.
A there are four main components. B an online travel agency.
B tour operators are considered as retailers. C a social media.
C hotels and airlines are known as wholesalers. D an online travel insurance company.
D travel agencies are the primary providers of
travel products.
___ 12

2 Answer these questions.

1 Explain the main functions of the World Tourism Organization (UNWTO).
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
2 Describe how a tour operator works.
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
3 Explain what is usually included in a package holiday.
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
4 Describe the effect of ICT and the Internet on the tourism industry.
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________

___ 12

3 Write a short essay (about 100 words) describing how tourism is promoted in Italy.

___ 16

Total ___ 40

Photocopiable | Explore © ELI The Tourism Industry | TES T U N I T 1 279

 Name : _______________________________
Class : ___________ Date : _____________

TEST YOUR LANGUAGE

Vocabulary
1 Complete the sentences with the words in the box.

provides − purpose − aimed − offers − responsible − active

1 The US website of the National Travel and Tourism Office is _________ at creating a positive climate for
growth in US travel and tourism.
2 The Italian National Tourism Board, ENIT, is _________ in promoting Italy as a tourist destination.
3 In the UK, the national tourism agency, VisitBritain, is _________ for promoting Britain across the world.
4 The APT (Azienda di Promozione Turistica) _________ information for tourists regarding itineraries and
accommodation in a given area.
5 There is also a US government website that _________ tourists practical information on how to apply for
visas.
6 There are many international, national, regional and local agencies whose _________ is to promote tourism.

___ 6

2 Choose the correct alternative to complete the sentences.

1 Travel agents make a commission/contract on the packages and tickets sold.
2 Nowadays, many consumers bypass/overcome intermediaries and make their own travel plans.
3 Airline passengers can now check in/check out online.
4 Expedia.com gives you the opportunity of selling/purchasing flight tickets on their site.
5 Travellers can research and contrast/compare products online.
6 Consumers can also divide/share their personal experiences of a resort through social networking sites.
7 Companies can use social networks to increase/rise customer awareness.
8 Package holidays usually complete/comprise a return flight, transfer to and from the airport,
accommodation, meals and drinks.
___ 8

Communication
3 Match the expressions that mean the same.
1 Could you please a Thanks for contacting us
2 Can’t wait to see you b If you need any more information
3 We were pleased to receive your enquiry c What’s more
4 Please find attached d We look forward to meeting you
5 If you require further details e We enclose
6 In addition f Would you mind

___ 6

4 Decide if these expressions are formal (F) or informal (I).

F I
1 We would appreciate if you could send us your latest price list.
2 Let me know if you can come.
3 Please do not hesitate to contact us.
4 Can you send me a booking form?
5 We wish to inform you that…
6 Do you want me to come tomorrow?

___ 6

280 TEST U NIT 1 | The Tourism Industry Photocopiable | Explore © ELI

 Name : _______________________________
Class : ___________ Date : _____________

5 Complete the email with the words in the box.

sincerely − advance − should − check − reply − from − including

accommodation − quote − could

From: Jane Mitchell, <j.mitchell@sunnytours.com>

To: Rachel Peterson, <rachel.peterson@grangelodge.com>

Date: 11 June 20..

Subject: Hotel (1) ____________________

Dear Ms Peterson,
(2) ____________________ you please (3) ____________________ availability for ten double rooms
(4) ____________________ 10th to 17th August for a group of doctors who will attend the medical
conference to be held in your town? All rooms (5) ____________________ have two single beds and
bathroom with shower.
Please (6) ____________________ your best offer (7) ____________________ breakfast and evening
meal.
Thanking you in (8) ____________________, we look forward to your prompt
(9) ____________________.
Yours (10) ___________________,
Jane Mitchell

___ 10

6 Complete the telephone conversation.

Secretary Good morning, Globetrotters Inc. How (1) _________________________?
Barbara Gordon Good morning, this is Barbara Gordon. (2) _________________________ to Bob Collins,
please.
Secretary (3) _________________________, but he’s out of the office at the moment.
(4) _________________________?
Barbara Gordon Yes, thank you. (5) _________________________ him to phone me back as soon as
possible, please?
Secretary Yes, (6) _________________________. I’ll get him to ring you as soon as he arrives.
Barbara Gordon Thank you, goodbye.
Secretary (7) _________________________.
___ 14

Total ___ 50

Photocopiable | Explore © ELI The Tourism Industry | TES T U N I T 1 281

 Name : _______________________________
Class : ___________ Date : _____________

TEST YOUR SKILLS

Reading comprehension
1 Read this article and answer the questions.

Brexit and Tourism amounting to a 12% increase compared to the same period the
year before.
fter Brexit, the EU referendum when Britain decided to The national tourism agency, VisitBritain, has confirmed that so
A leave the European Union, the British currency, the sterling,
became weaker against the euro and the dollar. This however
far, 2017 has been another successful year for the tourism industry
and has registered an increase of 16% of flight bookings to the
resulted in attracting more tourists to Britain, especially from UK between February and April compared to the year before.
North America, who wanted to take advantage of the favourable This tourist boost is, they say, due primarily to the weak pound.
exchange rate, with the pound dropping in value against the At the end of January 2017, for example, it was 10% cheaper for
dollar. This drop meant that Americans visiting Britain paid much Chinese tourists to visit the UK than the previous year.
less for hotels and therefore had more holiday money to spend. However, while the number of visitors to the UK has risen,
The number of visitors from EU countries also increased by 8% economists say that this increase in tourism will not completely
in 2016 compared to the previous year. solve the general trend of a slowdown on domestic spending.
The British tourism minister however stressed that this increase in Reports after the referendum suggested that retail sales went
visitors was not only due to the weaker pound, but was also proof up as overseas visitors took advantage of the weak pound to
that Britain has everything the tourist wants, from vibrant cities purchase luxury goods like watches and jewellery. However,
to stunning landscapes and many cultural attractions. Yorkshire British shoppers are reducing their spending as they try to cope
seems to be one of the areas that benefited most with a record with higher fuel prices and food bills that are eating into their
476,000 visitors in the three months following the referendum, household finances.

1 What consequences has Brexit had on the UK currency and how has this helped the tourism industry?
2 What other reasons does the British tourism minister give for this result in the tourism sector?
3 What evidence does VisitBritain have to confirm this trend in tourism?
4 Why are economists not totally convinced that tourism can solve all the problems caused by Brexit?
___ 16

Listening
2 You will hear a reporter talking about the negative effects of the tourism boom on Barcelona.
2
Decide if these sentences are true (T) or false (F).
T F
1 In 2016, 18 million people stayed in some kind of accommodation in Barcelona.
2 Visitors to Barcelona are aware of the problems that tourism is causing its residents.
3 Those taking part in the march are mainly worried about renting out their flats.
4 Tourists are willing to pay more to rent a flat in the city than local residents.
5 The local council is trying to help its residents by prohibiting the construction of new hotels.
6 The council is also helping Airbnb to find new apartments to advertise on their site.
7 Spain has now come out of its economic crisis.

___ 14
Writing
3 This is part of a letter you receive from a friend. Answer your friend’s questions (about 100 words).

I’ve just finished school for the summer and I would like to come and visit your area with two friends.
What interesting places are there to see? Are there any special events or festivals in July?

___ 20

Total ___ 50

282 TEST U NIT 1 | The Tourism Industry Photocopiable | Explore © ELI

 Name : _______________________________
Class : ___________ Date : _____________

TEST YOUR COMPETENCES

1 You are Sally Davison, a tour operator. Answer this fax you have received from a travel agency, giving the
information requested.

TO: Sally Davison

FROM: Joan Marshall
SUBJECT: Request for latest package deals for over 60s

Dear Sally,

As you know, our agency specialises in package holidays for the over 60s. In fact, last year, if you
remember, we managed to conclude many successful deals with you for this sector. Therefore,
could you please send me details of what special offers you have from June to August for Italy?
Please specify flight times from Gatwick, London, to Fiumicino, Rome, accommodation, meals and
excursions included in the price. One last thing, do you have any package holidays based on a
specific theme like art or music?

I look forward to hearing from you.

Best regards,

Joan Marshall

___ 20

2 Translate these sentences into English.

1 Le persone viaggiano per molti motivi: per svago, per affari o per fare visita ad amici e parenti.
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
2 L’enorme rete stradale costruita dai Romani permetteva loro di viaggiare comodamente.
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
3 Durante il Rinascimento, le persone facevano dei pellegrinaggi religiosi e avevano bisogno di servizi come
cibo e un posto per dormire.
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
4 Durante la Rivoluzione Industriale, le classi medie in Inghilterra facevano delle brevi vacanze per motivi di
salute e andavano alle terme e in città balneari.
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
5 I viaggi internazionali diventarono improvvisamente più diffusi negli anni Settanta quando le persone
potevano raggiungere posti lontani con l’aereo.
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________

___ 20

Total ___ 40

Photocopiable | Explore © ELI The Tourism Industry | TES T U N I T 1 283

 TEST UNIT 2 Name : _______________________________
Marketing and Promotion Class : ___________ Date : _____________

TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE 1 (pp. 44-47)

1 Choose the correct option.
1 Which market segmentation examines lifestyle 4 In a SWOT analysis, what would plans for a new
in the tourism and hospitality industry? airport be considered as?
A demographic A an external opportunity
B geographic B an internal weakness
C psychographic C an internal strength
D travel motivation D an external threat

2 What are the 4 Ps? 5 In the life cycle of a tourist destination, when are
A price, place, profit and promotion there few visitors and high costs for tourists?
B product, profit, promotion and place A during stagnation
C price, product, profit and place B during decline
D product, price, place and promotion C during development
D during exploration
3 In the tourism and hospitality sector,
a product is… 6 During the development stage of the life cycle of
A something that can be possessed. a tourist destination…
B something perishable and intangible. A local people start to provide facilities for tourists.
C something that can be touched. B tensions and conflicts may arise with the local people.
D something that can be eaten. C the market share is maintained but with little or no
growth.
D competition increases and prices begin to fall.
___ 12

2 Answer these questions.

1 Explain what the tourism and hospitality sector can achieve through marketing.
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
2 Describe the four elements of the marketing mix and their importance to the tourism and hospitality sector.
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
3 Explain the key issues examined in a SWOT analysis and how it can be useful in the tourism and hospitality
sector.
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
4 Describe the choices available at the decline/rejuvenation stage in the life cycle of a tourist destination.
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________

___ 12

3 Write a short essay (about 100 words) describing what is meant by market segmentation and its importance
for the tourism and hospitality industry.

___ 16

Total ___ 40

284 TEST U NIT 2 | Marketing and Promotion Photocopiable | Explore © ELI

 Name : _______________________________
Class : ___________ Date : _____________

TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE 2 (pp. 48-53)

1 Choose the correct option.
1 In market research, primary data… 4 Billboards are an example of…
A is also known as desk research. A advertising through print.
B is collected directly from customers. B digital advertising.
C is a cheap and quick source of information. C outdoor advertising.
D can be gathered from sales records. D broadcasting.

2 A pie chart… 5 Trade fairs…

A shows trends or slight changes over a period A are usually run by airlines.
of time. B are involved with major events like the Olympics.
B contains numerical data in columns and rows. C give companies money to help with promotion.
C shows parts of a whole but not changes over time. D help businesses and organisations to stay updated
D compares things between different groups using on industry trends.
bars.
6 Loyalty incentives can be found in…
3 Promotional activities can be divided into… A point-of-sale material.
A two categories. B sponsorship.
B three categories. C fairs and exhibitions.
C four categories. D sales promotions.
D five categories.

___ 12
2 Answer these questions.
1 Define market research and how it can be carried out.
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
2 Describe the tables and charts most commonly used in presenting data analysis and what information they
provide.
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
3 Explain how advertising campaigns can be created and planned and what the choice of media depends on.
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
4 Explain what point-of-sale material consists of and give an example of when it can be used effectively in the
tourism industry.
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________

___ 12

3 Write a short essay (about 100 words) describing digital promotion and its advantages.

___ 16

Total ___ 40

Photocopiable | Explore © ELI Marketing and Promotion | TES T U N I T 2 285

 Name : _______________________________
Class : ___________ Date : _____________

TEST YOUR LANGUAGE

Vocabulary
1 Transform each verb into a noun.
1 grow ______________________ 4 organise ______________________
2 compete ______________________ 5 decide ______________________
3 analyse ______________________ 6 advertise ______________________

___ 6

2 Match the best adjectives to describe the noun.

1 trendy, modern, vibrant a food
2 fine, golden, sandy b weather
3 delicious, hot, home-made c guesthouse
4 wonderful, spectacular, stunning d city
5 terrible, freezing, miserable e view
6 cosy, comfortable, family-run f beach

___ 6

3 Complete the sentences with the words in the box.

sources − target − percentage − chain − resort − logo − campaigns − customers

1 One of the first things to understand through marketing is the ________________ market.
2 Market segmentation classifies ________________ into subgroups.
3 During its life cycle, a tourist ________________ can gain or lose popularity.
4 Market research collects data from various ________________.
5 A ________________ of hotels will use B2B to promote itself to a travel agency.
6 Advertising ________________ can be created and planned in-house.
7 Promotional material through sponsorship usually carries the company name and ________________.
8 A large ________________ of the population nowadays knows how to use a computer.
___ 8

Communication
4 Choose the correct alternative to complete this paragraph about advertising.

Adverts (1) catch/take our attention by the skilful use of (2) imagination/images and language.
The (3) number/amount and style of the words used depends on the type of advert and the media it is
(4) designed/drawn for. A tour (5) operator/agency might use a slogan or tagline and a picture to promote
the company. Instead, an ad that wants to promote a specific destination or (6) parcel/package deal will
have a longer text with more details.

___ 6

286 TEST U NIT 2 | Marketing and Promotion Photocopiable | Explore © ELI

 Name : _______________________________
Class : ___________ Date : _____________

5 Complete this circular letter from a tour operator with the expressions in the box.

we are pleased − to have fun − all bookings made − tired of − do not hesitate − the ideal place
both thrilling and safe − forthcoming summer season − satisfy the needs − come up with

Dear Travel Agent,

Are your clients (1) ________________ the usual seaside holiday resorts in Spain and Greece? Well, this year
we have (2) ________________ something quite different that should (3) ________________ of your more
adventurous clients. For those who are ready for the challenge of learning a variety of water sports, Sardinia
is (4) ________________ to propose.
On this beautiful island with crystal-clear waters, your clients will find everything they need (5) ______________
on the water, from catamarans to canoes and pedalos. Sardinia is also a paradise for windsurfers and sailors
due to the constant winds that blow along the coastline. For the more adventurous, there is water skiing, jet
skiing and diving which are (6) ________________ as Sardinia’s seabed is free of rocks.
As you are aware, our company, Sun and Sea Travel, has over 20 years’ experience in summer holidays, so
(7) ________________ to add this adventure holiday in Sardinia to our extensive list of resorts in Italy for the
(8) ________________, from June to September. One week, B&B comes in at the reasonable price of £600
including all sports facilities and ferry costs. We are also offering a 15% discount for (9) ________________
before the end of November.
Enclosed you will find our extensive brochure, but please (10) ________________ to contact us for any
further details you may require.
Looking forward to hearing from you,
Kindest regards,
James Hartfield
Sun and Sea Travel

___ 10

6 Now, complete the telephone conversation from Mr Jones, a travel agent who has received the circular
letter above, to Mr Hartfield.
Mr Jones Good morning, (1) ________________ Mr Jones, (2) ________________ speak to Mr James
Hartfield, please?
Mr Hartfield (3) ________________! What can I (4) ________________, Mr Jones?
Mr Jones Well, I (5) ________________ in your Sardinia adventure holiday. In your letter, the price
quoted includes ferry costs but some of my clients would rather travel by plane. Therefore,
could you quote me (6) ________________ including air travel?
Mr Hartfield Of course, Mr Jones. I (7) ________________ you our quote by email today.
Mr Jones Thank you very much, goodbye.
Mr Hartfield Thank you, goodbye.

___ 14

Total ___ 50

Photocopiable | Explore © ELI Marketing and Promotion | TES T U N I T 2 287

 Name : _______________________________
Class : ___________ Date : _____________

TEST YOUR SKILLS

Reading comprehension
1 Read this article and answer the questions.

Ad-blocking who post comments or pictures of their holidays on social networks

just do it for the fun of it. There is also another marketing strategy,
owadays, it’s difficult to understand what is advertising and called ‘native advertising’, where news organisations personally
N what isn’t on the Internet, even in the tourism sector. We often
find ourselves reading an article or watching a video about a holiday
create adverts for business partners, like tour operators, and include
them on their website without actually saying that they are adverts.
destination without realising that it is actually a form of advertising, This means that even expert consumers can’t always tell what is an
because it has been presented or sponsored by a company. Our advert and what isn’t.
smartphones are also bombarded by all kinds of travel ads that we However, a lot of the time it’s up to us to make the right choices if we
don’t particularly want to see. So what can we do? Well, we can don’t want to unconsciously interact with advertising. For example,
install ad-blockers to avoid waiting ages for a webpage about a resort do you prefer to pay to see a film without interruptions or are you
to appear because it is slowed down by ads from other servers, but willing to put up with constant ads, often about cheap flights, just to
this doesn’t solve the problem completely. see the same film for free? The same applies to music. Most people
Ad and marketing people now have a new way of advertising are happy to put up with ads, maybe about holiday apartments to rent,
everything from hotels to weekend breaks called ‘content marketing’ while listening to their favourite playlist in order not to pay for the
and we are actually the ones that help them. How do they do it? Well, music. However, there may also be times when we are quite happy to
advertisers produce a ‘viral’ video, about a spa for example, that very show our appreciation of a hotel or holiday resort on a social network,
cleverly hides the fact that it’s a form of advertising. Then they sit back so our ‘like’ does not just give an advantage to the advertiser but
and simply wait for us to do the job of ‘sharing’ this travel news with satisfies us as well. Therefore, advertising plays an important role in
all our friends! This in jargon is called ‘unsponsored word of mouth’. the tourism industry and it’s quite natural for us nowadays to share
However, not everything we share online is advertising. Many people our experiences even if this means making the advertiser’s life easier.

1 Why does the author suggest installing ad-blockers?

2 What is ‘content marketing’ and how do we help with this form of advertising?
3 What choices can ordinary people make to avoid encouraging advertising?
4 What reasons instead does the author give for putting up with advertising?
___ 16

Listening
2 3You will hear a travel operator talking about Sicily as a holiday destination. Decide if these sentences
are true (T) or false (F).
T F
1 The tour operator believes that Sicily can’t compete with cities like Florence and Rome.
2 Not only tourists from Europe visit Sicily.
3 It’s better to see the whole island on one trip.
4 The best time to visit Syracuse is in the morning.
5 Oysters are considered street food in Syracuse.
6 After the earthquake in 1693 many films were made in south-east Sicily.
7 Local people go to the same beach as tourists.

___ 14

Writing
3 Your head teacher has asked you to write a leaflet to attract new students to your school. Write the leaflet
(about 100 words) including this information:
• location and facilities;
• subjects studied;
• after-school activities and clubs. ___ 20

Total ___ 50

288 TEST U NIT 2 | Marketing and Promotion Photocopiable | Explore © ELI

 Name : _______________________________
Class : ___________ Date : _____________

TEST YOUR COMPETENCES

1 You work for a company that organises English language courses. You receive a phone call from an Italian
school interested in taking a group of 17 year olds on a study holiday to London for two weeks. The head
teacher of the school wants to know details about your offer. Write the telephone conversation including
this information:
• details of travel arrangements and accommodation;
• details of courses available, facilities, excursions etc;
• best period, prices and any special offers.
___ 20

2 Translate these sentences into English.

1 Dobbiamo promuovere la nostra città presso la clientela americana che ama la cultura del nostro Paese.
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
2 Questa offerta speciale sarà disponibile solo fino alla fine del mese, perciò affrettatevi e non perdete questa
occasione.
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
3 Siamo lieti di informarVi che quest’anno abbiamo aggiunto altre due splendide destinazioni da proporre alla
Vostra clientela.
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
4 Come potete notare, i nostri prezzi sono molto ragionevoli e comprendono anche due escursioni di mezza
giornata ciascuna.
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
5 Ha un biglietto da visita in modo che possa inviarLe ulteriori dettagli delle nostre proposte per la prossima
stagione?
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________

___ 20

Total ___ 40

Photocopiable | Explore © ELI Marketing and Promotion | TES T U N I T 2 289

 TEST UNIT 3 Name : _______________________________
Working in Tourism Class : ___________ Date : _____________

TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE 1 (pp. 68-73)

1 Choose the correct option.
1 If you wish to continue your studies in the 4 If you become a digital marketing manager, …
tourism and hospitality industry, … A you need to be interested in travelling a lot for your
A you have to go abroad. job.
B you have to study archaeology as part of your B you have to work in direct contact with the public.
course. C you need to be creative with lots of ideas.
C you can only do a postgraduate degree course. D you have to have a good knowledge of history and
D you can attend a course run by the local art.
authorities.
5 A sightseeing guide…
2 The bachelor’s degree programme offered at A accompanies a group on a holiday to another
the Cornell School of Hotel Administration… location or country.
A does not include marketing on its course. B takes groups around exhibitions.
B includes 800 hours of work experience. C helps visitors explore the natural areas of a place.
C is only open to students from the USA. D conducts tours of his/her city or town.
D mostly attracts students who have had no
previous hospitality experience. 6 If you work at a Tourist Information Centre, you
have to…
3 In the tourism and hospitality industry… A answer customer queries.
A employees don’t need any particular skills. B book package holidays for customers.
B employees have direct contact with customers C take tourists around the city.
even if they work behind-the-scenes. D pick tourists up from the airport.
C employees need to be able to work in a team.
D employees are not expected to deal with
aggressive customers.
___ 12

2 Answer these questions.

1 Explain the importance of customer service in the tourism and hospitality industry.
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
2 Describe what is involved when working as a guide and the disadvantages of this kind of job.
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
3 Describe the main duties you have to cover when working in a Tourist Information Centre (TIC) and the
skills required.
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
4 Describe the main duties you have to cover when working in a travel agency and the skills required.
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________

___ 12

3 Write a short essay (about 100 words) describing the advantages and disadvantages of working in the
tourism sector.
___ 16

Total ___ 40

290 TEST U NIT 3 | Working in Tourism Photocopiable | Explore © ELI

 Name : _______________________________
Class : ___________ Date : _____________

TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE 2 (pp. 74-79)

1 Choose the correct option.
1 As a front desk clerk in a hotel, you will be 4 To be a flight attendant…
expected to… A you don’t need any particular type of training.
A deal with purchasing orders. B you don’t have to have any particular certificates.
B change the bed linen and towels. C you must look smart at all times.
C issue keys or pass cards. D you needn’t attend any briefing before a flight.
D help people with their luggage.
5 The job entitled social host can only be found…
2 A room attendant… A on a cruise ship.
A has limited contact with guests. B on an aircraft.
B requires a lot of experience. C in a resort.
C cannot find employment for a temporary period. D in a travel agency.
D doesn’t have to work shifts.
6 The sector of digital and web marketing…
3 A holiday rep… A is slowing down gradually.
A has a lot of free time. B requires well-qualified assistants.
B doesn’t have to work with children. C doesn’t have many job placements to offer.
C doesn’t have to pick up guests at the airport. D only deals with websites.
D needs to have an in-depth knowledge of the
resort.
___ 12

2 Answer these questions.

1 Describe the qualifications, duties, and the skills required to be a successful receptionist in a hotel.
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
2 Explain what is expected of a holiday rep and what negative aspects there are in this kind of job.
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
3 Describe the kind of practical and social skills you need to be an entertainer in a resort.
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
4 Explain what kind of job opportunities can be found on a cruise ship and any negative aspects of working
on a ship.
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________

___ 12

3 Write a short essay (about 100 words) explaining the role of an event planner and the main duties involved
in this type of job.

___ 16

Total ___ 40

Photocopiable | Explore © ELI Working in Tourism | TES T U N I T 3 291

 Name : _______________________________
Class : ___________ Date : _____________

TEST YOUR LANGUAGE

Vocabulary
1 Complete the sentences with the words in the box.

charge − knowledge − duties − skills − features − prospects

1 At university, you will learn about the __________ and challenges of the tourism and hospitality industry.
2 At the end of your degree course, you will have a range of __________ that can be applied to many
different managerial and entrepreneurial roles.
3 The tourism sector, which is in constant growth, offers many job opportunities and career __________.
4 A guide has to take __________ of a group, organising and controlling it.
5 The majority of people working in the tourism and hospitality industry must have an excellent __________
of English.
6 One of the __________ of a flight attendant is to serve and sell food and drink, as well as duty free items.

___ 6

2 Match the two halves to make sentences about what is expected of you in various jobs in the tourism and
hospitality industry.
1 carry out a social media accounts
2 handle b to the success of holidays taken every year
3 ensure c calm in an emergency
4 remain d with pressure, sales targets and long hours
5 contribute e the safety demonstration
6 keep f customer bookings and schedules
7 manage g up to date with local events and activities
8 cope h the safety and comfort of passengers

___ 8

Grammar
3 Complete the sentences with the past simple, present perfect simple or present perfect continuous of the
verbs in brackets.
1 I _________________ (work) in the tourism and hospitality industry for the last five years.
2 During my work placement in Brighton, last year, I _________________ (improve) my English speaking skills.
3 My degree in Tourism, Management and Territorial Development at IULM, _________________ (provide) me
with first-class training for the tourism sector.
4 Sara _________________ (look for) a job for the last two months but without any success.
5 Yesterday Mr Jones _________________ (deal) with an angry client about the cancellation of his flight.
6 _________________ you ever _________________ (book) a hotel online?
7 Martin _________________ (be) abroad on business three times this month.
8 The last three months in my previous job that I left in February, _________________ (give) me the
opportunity of working directly with the public.
9 The customers are angry because they _________________ (wait) for confirmation of their flight details for
the last three weeks.
10 Over the last few months the company _________________ (try) to promote new destinations in Africa.

___ 10

292 TEST U NIT 3 | Working in Tourism Photocopiable | Explore © ELI

 Name : _______________________________
Class : ___________ Date : _____________

Communication
4 Match the information to be included in a Europass CV with the correct heading.
1 Degree in Tourism Management and Marketing a Work experience
2 English b Personal skills and competences
3 Back office administration assistant c Personal information
4 Female d Education and training
5 Excellent ability at organising workload e Computer skills and competences
6 Excellent computer skills f Other skills and competences

___ 6

5 Complete the job advertisement with the expressions in the box.

working as part of a team − fluency in − we are seeking − informing them of

efficiently and promptly − a wide range of tasks

Job title: Resort Entertainer

Job type: Seasonal
(1) _____________ young, dynamic people who are intereste
d
in (2) _____________ at our holiday resort in Puglia. This
exciting job entails (3) _____________, which should be carried
out (4) _____________. You will be responsible for keeping
the guests happy and (5) _____________ the entertainment
programme for each day. (6) _____________ English is
necessary as many of our clients come from abroad.

___ 6

6 Now, complete this letter of application in response to the job advertisement above.

In (1) _____________ to your advertisement in the local newspaper dated 3rd April, I would like to
(2) _____________ for the post of entertainer for your resort in Puglia. After finishing university, where
I obtained a (3) _____________ in Tourism and Hospitality Management, I was offered a work
(4) _____________ in summer camps for school children, run by the local authorities in my town last year.
Here I (5) _____________ to lead activities and make sure that the children had fun.
I would welcome the opportunity to give you (6) _____________ information should you decide to call me
for an (7) _____________.
Yours faithfully,
Katie Sanders

___ 14

Total ___ 50

Photocopiable | Explore © ELI Working in Tourism | TES T U N I T 3 293

 Name : _______________________________
Class : ___________ Date : _____________

TEST YOUR SKILLS

Reading comprehension
1 Read this article and answer the questions.

that poor management skills are a serious problem that directly

Productivity in Hospitality and Tourism affects the performance of staff and their wish to remain with the
he hospitality and tourism sector currently contributes £53 company. They must teach managers how to motivate and keep
T billion to the UK economy, an increase of 52% since 2008.
However, manufacturing, transport and retail sectors all contribute
staff effectively by running specific training courses on dealing
with personnel.
more to the economy and more importantly, people working in Unfortunately, many people believe that the tourism industry only
these sectors tend to remain much longer than those working in offers low paid and low skilled jobs, so employers are trying to
tourism. In fact, surveys indicate that by 2024, the sector will need change this opinion by offering graduates top managerial positions
to recruit another 1.3 million people, with more than half of these and higher-level apprenticeships for those looking for a job straight
needed to replace staff who choose to give up their jobs in this field. after school. The tourism industry is also showing more interest in
Therefore, one of the main objectives is to find ways of convincing older workers, women who want to get back on the job scene after
people employed in tourism and hospitality to stay, as currently, having a family, and staff from other sectors. Many businesses in
75% of staff decide to abandon their jobs. this sector are also examining the possibility of redesigning jobs
One of the first steps to improving this situation is to recruit staff to increase efficiency and flexibility through new technological
who are more likely to stay in the business, so more time is needed devices that involve the customer as well. They also want to start
for interviews to find the most suitable person not only for the keeping records on the reasons why employees leave the tourism
specific job in question, but also with a real interest in making a industry for other jobs, in order to understand how they can improve
career in tourism. Many businesses in tourism now also realise work conditions and make their job offers more attractive.

1 What are the main differences between the hospitality and tourism sector in the UK compared to other sectors?
2 Why does the author suggest that more time is required for interviewing?
3 What are employers doing to attract graduates to working in tourism and what other people are they
aiming to offer employment to?
4 How can technology help to make jobs in the tourism and hospitality sector more attractive?
___ 16
Listening
2 You will hear a tour director talking about the advantages and disadvantages of her job.
4
Decide if these sentences are true (T) or false (F).
T F
1 The tour director says that working in an office was what she always dreamt of.
2 A tour guide is constantly with the tour director to answer people’s questions.
3 She likes this job because she doesn’t do the same thing every day.
4 Another advantage of this job is that you work for yourself.
5 Most evenings are spent preparing for the next day.
6 Some people on tours like to be given homework on the places they have visited.
7 Sometimes you might not be free to go home for important family occasions.
___ 14
Writing
3 This is part of a letter you receive from an English friend. Write a letter (about 100 words), answering your
friend’s questions.

I’ve just finished school and would like to find a summer job for July and August. Do you know any hotels in your area that are looking
for extra staff for the summer season? What kind of jobs could I do there? You know, I haven’t started university yet, but I’m planning on
studying Tourism Management. Do you think they’d offer me accommodation too? Would I need to speak fluent Italian? I can read Italian
quite well, but my listening and speaking skills aren’t as strong.

___ 20

Total ___ 50

294 TEST U NIT 3 | Working in Tourism Photocopiable | Explore © ELI

 Name : _______________________________
Class : ___________ Date : _____________

TEST YOUR COMPETENCES

1 You have seen this advertisement for a summer job with a local tourist operator.

TOURING AND CULTURE

We are looking for young dynamic people as tourist guides for local cultural attractions.
No previous experience required.
Good knowledge of local area and English essential.
Contact Sara Wilson, Touring and Culture, P.O. Box 32, Rome, Italy

Write a covering letter to send with your CV. In your letter, you should:
• say why you have the right personality for this job;
• give details of the skills you possess;
• refer to your knowledge of the area.
___ 20

2 Translate this job interview into English.

A Buongiorno, si accomodi. Allora Francesco, prima di tutto, mi dica qualcosa di lei.
B Allora, ho diciannove anni e ho appena finito la scuola alberghiera, dove mi sono specializzato in cucina.
A Ah bene, e ha qualche esperienza lavorativa nel nostro settore?
B Beh, dal terzo anno della scuola superiore ho lavorato in ristoranti della zona dove dovevo aiutare in
cucina.
A E quali erano le sue mansioni?
B All’inizio mi facevano solo lavare e tagliare la verdura, poi hanno cominciato a farmi fare delle cose più
interessanti, tipo preparare vari sughi e qualche secondo. Ah, e so anche fare la pasta a mano, ma questo
me l’ha insegnato mia nonna.
A E, secondo lei, quali sono i suoi pregi e difetti?
B Secondo me, il mio pregio più grande è la pazienza, perché credo che bisogna essere molto pazienti sia
con le persone con cui lavori sia con il tipo di lavoro che vorrei fare — in cucina ci vuole tempo per far sì
che un piatto riesca bene. Come difetto, invece, forse sono un po’ timido.
A Bene, Francesco, la ringrazio per il momento e le faremo sapere la nostra decisione appena possibile.
B Grazie per avermi dato questa possibilità, buongiorno.
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________

___ 20

Total ___ 40

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 TEST UNIT 4 Name : _______________________________
Motivations and Destinations Class : ___________ Date : _____________

TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE 1 (pp. 98-104)

1 Choose the correct option.
1 What category of travellers does MICE refer to? 4 What does VFR stand for in the tourism industry?
A Those travelling for leisure. A Visiting friendly resorts.
B Those travelling for professional reasons. B Visiting family and relaxing.
C Those travelling to visit friends or relatives. C Visiting fjords and rivers.
D Those travelling for study purposes. D Visiting friends and relatives.

2 What is meant by ‘incentive travel’? 5 What sector should you choose if you wish to do
A Employees are sent on courses to improve a cookery course?
their abilities. A agritourism in Italy
B Companies offer employees a discount on B farm holidays in the UK
travelling expenses. C a safari in Tanzania
C Companies reward employees with a trip for D a working ranch holiday in the USA
their past performance.
D Employees are encouraged to get work 6 Which statement best describes adventure tourism?
experience abroad. A It only involves physical activity that pushes your
limits to the extreme.
3 Which of the following best describes the B It has nothing to do with ecotourism.
purpose of a conference? C It provides people with an experience they wouldn’t
A It’s a good way to gather together employees normally have.
from different divisions or areas. D It is cheap and doesn’t involve long journeys.
B It’s an opportunity for a company to show their
products to the public and the press.
C It’s an opportunity to discuss new strategies with
people working in the same company or industry.
D It’s a company’s way of showing appreciation of
its employees’ efforts.
___ 12

2 Answer these questions.

1 Describe the characteristics of business tourism and how it differs from leisure tourism.
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
2 Explain the differences between niche and mass tourism.
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
3 Explain what is meant by ‘ecotourism’ and what motivates people to make this choice.
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
4 What role do tour operators and wedding planners play in the organisation of a destination wedding?
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________

___ 12

3 Write a short essay (about 100 words) explaining what a tourist can learn from food tourism and how it also
benefits the local people of the holiday destination.
___ 16

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 Name : _______________________________
Class : ___________ Date : _____________

TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE 2 (pp. 105-113)

1 Choose the correct option.
1 Music and screen tourism… 4 Which of the following can be considered a
A offers the tourist the chance of meeting a famous purpose-built attraction?
singer or actor. A the Shard in London
B only organises tours of this kind in the USA. B the Basilica of Saint Francis of Assisi
C gives the tourist the opportunity of watching a C the Opera House in Sydney
film being shot. D Legoland in Denmark
D offers the tourist the chance of visiting the
locations where music legends lived. 5 Which of the following could NOT be included in
UNESCO’s Intangible Cultural Heritage list?
2 Which statement best describes religious A a puppet theatre
tourism? B an area of exceptional natural beauty
A It is one of the most recent forms of tourism in C pastoral songs
the world. D traditional crafts
B Tourists are only informed of religious aspects
during the tour. 6 Temperate climates do NOT include…
C This sector is expected to grow in the future. A near-Mediterranean climates.
D This kind of tourism can only be done in B sub-tropical climates.
organised groups. C arid climates.
D maritime climates.
3 Why do tourists choose the Maldives as a tourist
destination?
A To do scuba diving and snorkelling in the lagoons.
B To visit a famous waterfall.
C To do white water rafting.
D To visit famous lochs located in dramatic landscapes.

___ 12

2 Answer these questions.

1 Explain how and why medical tourism has changed over the past few years.
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
2 Explain what is meant by ‘wellness tourism’ and what kind of professional figures are involved in this sector.
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
3 Explain what tourists take into consideration when choosing a holiday destination.
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
4 Explain why the Serengeti National Park in Tanzania is a famous tourist attraction.
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________

___ 12

3 Write a short essay (about 100 words) explaining the main objectives of UNESCO and how places are
chosen to be included on its list of sites.
___ 16

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 Name : _______________________________
Class : ___________ Date : _____________

TEST YOUR LANGUAGE

Vocabulary
1 Match the words with their synonyms.
1 leisure a portion
2 segment b free time
3 plenary c extremely large
4 boost d provide what is needed
5 huge e full
6 cater f help or increase

___ 6

2 Choose the correct alternative to complete the sentences.

1 On a safari, you can sit outside a lodge in the evening and watch the sunset/sunrise.
2 Marine tourism gives you the chance to combine/capture recreational activities with study and research.
3 Ecotourism is a form of responsible trip/travel which must be as low-impact as possible on the environment.
4 On a working ranch holiday, tourists can take/join part in agricultural and livestock activities.
5 In agritourism, tourists can appreciate the beauty and products of the earth/land.
6 Adventure holidays may require/request specialist equipment and gear.
7 Destination weddings are held/kept in a foreign country and are considered a form of specialised tourism.
8 A tourist can enjoy a food tour/journey on foot around a city or town that lasts about two hours.

___ 8

Grammar
3 Complete the paragraph about New England with the, a or an.

New England is located in (1) _________ northeast corner of (2) _________ USA. It is made up of six
different states: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island and Vermont.
New England has four distinct seasons and is (3) _________ all-year-round destination. (4) _________
most popular season is autumn or ‘fall’, as they say in this part of the world. During this period you can
admire (5) _________ lot of different colours from reds to golds, oranges and yellows.

___ 5

Communication
4 Complete the paragraph about how to present a destination with the words in the box.

highlighting − aspects − attractive − symbols − navigate − users

A good tourism website has to be as (1) _________ as possible. This can be achieved by (2) _________ the
most important (3) _________ of interest to the target audience. (4) _________ are also a good idea to
make it easy for (5) _________ to (6) _________ quickly to their specific area of interest.

___ 6

298 TEST U NIT 4 | Motivations and Destinations Photocopiable | Explore © ELI

 Name : _______________________________
Class : ___________ Date : _____________

5 Complete the second sentence so that it means the same as the first. Use no more than three words.
1 What about staying in a hotel near the centre?
I suggest that we _______________ in a hotel near the centre.
2 It is advisable not to go in July as it rains a lot.
If I were you, I _______________ in July as it rains a lot.
3 You should definitely try that restaurant, as the food is delicious.
I strongly recommend _______________ that restaurant, as the food is delicious.
4 It’s a good idea to book in advance, otherwise you might not get a ticket for the show.
I _______________ to book in advance, otherwise you might not get a ticket for the show.
5 You should think about hiring bikes while you’re there.
Why _______________ hire bikes while you’re there?

___ 5

6 Match the two halves to make sentences you would find in a destination description.
1 It is ideal a are home to a variety of wildlife.
2 It attracts those interested b back to the 17th century.
3 It is really worth c for its historical town centre.
4 It is well known d for nature enthusiasts.
5 It dates e visiting the 18th century castle.
6 The unspoilt woods f in local history.

___ 6

7 Complete this descriptive text of the British Museum in London.

The British Museum is (1) _______________ in

the Bloomsbury area of London. The museum
(2) _______________ one of the largest
permanent collections in the world that illustrates
the history of human culture. The museum is easily
(3) _______________ by tube or bus and
(4) _______________ is free which is good news
for all those art lovers who usually can’t afford to
visit places like these. It is open
(5) _______________ from 10 a.m. to 5.30 p.m.
and it is (6) _______________ to see a wide
(7) _______________ of works of art from all
over the world.

___ 14

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 Name : _______________________________
Class : ___________ Date : _____________

TEST YOUR SKILLS

Reading comprehension
1 Read this article and answer the questions.

started leaving presents for them long after the tour has finished.
HOMELESS TOURISM However, homeless tourism isn’t just available in Prague. Now you
here’s a new trend in many big cities from Los Angeles to can find homeless guides in other European capitals like Berlin,
T Prague, where you can go on a tour of the darker side of the
city and your guide is a homeless person. Your homeless guide will
Copenhagen, Athens and Edinburgh. In London, if you’re a music
fan, you can go on a special theme tour of Camden and learn all
take you on a tour of his or her favourite places and you’ll see what about rock’n’roll from an ex music manager, who thanks to this
life is like living on the streets. Here there are no fancy coaches but new job is no longer homeless. This trend has also arrived in the
you’ll use the public transport available in your city of choice, like US. In Los Angeles, for example, a group of young people pay $75
trams or buses, to reach the limits of the city and there’ll be a lot of each so that their homeless guide can spend a day and a night in a
walking down dark streets too. charity hostel.
This idea was first started in 2012 by two civil studies students The strange thing is that these tours are becoming popular just at
in Prague as a way of giving homeless people a job. The other the time when many big cities are trying to stop homeless people
important purpose of this project is to show people what it’s really filling their streets as the authorities feel that they ruin the image
like to live on the streets, in the hope that they’ll try and help in some of the city. So can these tours help you find out how the other half
way after this unusual experience. Prague has eight homeless guides lives? The two students from Prague are convinced they can, but the
who do tours lasting two hours. As you walk about the streets, you big question is if they can make any lasting change in the lives of
can take in local traditions and learn about your guide’s personal the people involved. At least this project puts a little money in the
experience. Some guides have become so popular that people have pockets of those people not covered by government funding.

1 What new kind of tourism is now available in some cities and what is particular about it?
2 What does this project aim at achieving?
3 How has the city of London carried this idea even further?
4 What conclusion does the writer come to in the last paragraph regarding this type of tourism?
___ 16

Listening
2 5You will hear a reporter talking about ecotourism in Costa Rica. Decide if these sentences are true (T)
or false (F).
T F
1 The Costa Rican government has been involved in wildlife conservation for many years.
2 Corcovado National Park is famous for its biodiversity.
3 Nowadays local businesses organise gold-digging tours.
4 There are different itineraries for the tourist to choose from.
5 Ecotourism started in the 1970s.
6 Tourists can enjoy swimming in the Pacific Ocean.
7 You have to bring suitable footwear with you for this tour.
___ 14
Writing
3 This is part of a letter you receive from an English friend. Write a letter (about 100 words), answering your
friend’s questions.

Our teachers are trying to organise an exchange visit with students in Italy. I immediately thought of you and
your class as we’re the same age. Could you write a letter describing your area and the kind of accommodation
on offer (with families, hotels or B&Bs)?
Our teachers are really keen on doing a holiday with a specific theme – any ideas?
Also, say what you think the best period would be, keeping in mind that we don’t stop school till the end of
July and we’d like to stay a month. ___ 20

Total ___ 50

300 TEST U NIT 4 | Motivations and Destinations Photocopiable | Explore © ELI

 Name : _______________________________
Class : ___________ Date : _____________

TEST YOUR COMPETENCES

1 You have received this enquiry from Mr Dawson in Edinburgh, Scotland.

We are a Scottish travel agent specialising in group tours and we are interested in increasing our
tours in Italy.

Having seen your website, we would like to include your Rome/Sorrento itinerary in our tours. We
would be grateful if you could let us know if you can accept bookings for groups of twenty or more
and the discount you can apply. Could you also send us some information about the most important
sights included in the trip?

I look forward to receiving your reply,

James Dawson

FlyHigh Travel

Write a reply to Mr Dawson’s letter of enquiry. Include these points:

• specify two-centre holiday available from May to September;
• quote prices for transport and accommodation B&B with 10% discount on bookings for 14 days and extra 5%
discount for parties of 30 or more;
• enclose brochure with major sites and inform him of possibility to do personalised tours based on a specific
theme.
___ 20

2 Translate into English this phone enquiry between Sonya Palombo and Heather Macpherson at the tourist
information office in Glasgow, Scotland.
Sonya Buongiorno, chiamo per avere delle informazioni riguardanti un soggiorno nella vostra città.
Heather Certo, le interessano alberghi oppure delle soluzioni più economiche?
Sonya Beh, dato che sono studentessa, preferirei una sistemazione non troppo cara, ma comunque il più
vicino possibile al centro perché dovrei usare i mezzi pubblici per andare in giro.
Heather Quante notti ha intenzione di rimanere?
Sonya Penso, cinque, poi vorrei fare un giro al nord. Non sono mai stata in Scozia e vorrei vedere il più
possibile.
Heather Certo, in tal caso penso che la soluzione migliore per lei siano gli ostelli. Sono comodi, costano poco
e ci sono in tutta la Scozia.
Sonya Perfetto! E qual è il periodo migliore per visitare il vostro Paese?
Heather Veramente, se parliamo del tempo non c’è un periodo dove il bel tempo è garantito, nemmeno
d’estate, ma se vuole vedere una cosa davvero spettacolare le consiglio di venire in agosto quando
c’è il festival di Edimburgo. Vuole che le mandi ulteriori informazioni?
Sonya Sarebbe perfetto. Ecco il mio indirizzo.

___ 20

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 TEST UNIT 5 Name : _______________________________
Transport Class : ___________ Date : _____________

TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE 1 (pp. 130-137)

1 Choose the correct option.
1 Tourist visas… 4 Passengers travelling in Premium Economy…
A are used in some countries instead of a passport. A will have wide reclining seats with good leg room.
B are issued by the local police. B will be able to order a free snack at any time.
C are usually valid between 30 and 90 days. C will have a seat that turns into a bed.
D contain a chip with biometric data. D will be seated at the front of the plane.

2 When travelling abroad, … 5 An open jaw air ticket is suitable for passengers…
A it is better to take cash rather than use your A who will return with a different means of transport.
credit card. B taking a gap year.
B you cannot use your credit card to withdraw C who have booked a holiday for a fixed period.
money from an ATM machine. D who do not want to go back to their starting point.
C Euros are accepted worldwide.
D you can get local currency at the post office. 6 When do you pass through customs at an airport?
A Before going through security.
3 Someone travelling between London and B After baggage reclaim.
Melbourne will take… C Before going through immigration.
A a domestic flight. D At passport control before your flight.
B a long-haul flight.
C a short-haul flight.
D a cheap, non-stop flight.
___ 12

2 Answer these questions.

1 Explain the importance of travel insurance and what kind of policies are available on the market.
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
2 Explain how Business class differs from Economy class on board an aircraft.
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
3 Describe the services and facilities available at an international airport.
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
4 Describe the procedure to follow at an airport before boarding a flight.
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________

___ 12

3 Write a short essay (140-190 words) describing the advantages and disadvantages of flying (write about
time factor, environmental impact and your own idea). Give reasons for your point of view.

___ 16

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302 TEST U NIT 5 | Transport Photocopiable | Explore © ELI

 Name : _______________________________
Class : ___________ Date : _____________

TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE 2 (pp. 138-145)

1 Choose the correct option.
1 Intercity trains…
A run at peak times for people travelling into 4 In the 1970s cruises…
cities for work. A were popular with couples with young children.
B run on a specific track to go faster than other B could only be afforded by the upper classes.
trains. C attracted young people in search of a new
C do not do intermediate stops between major experience.
cities. D were a cheap option for an all-inclusive holiday.
D serve smaller towns and communities.
5 If you want to explore the canals of central England,
2 Coach travel… you should…
A is only used for domestic routes. A charter a luxury yacht.
B is really expensive. B rent a self-drive narrowboat.
C has limited luggage space. C hire a sailing boat.
D is a common choice for private hire by travel D choose a boat day-trip.
agents.
6 Cruise ships are often called…
3 If you hire a car, … A floating cities.
A you have to be 21 or over. B floating resorts.
B a sat nav is included in the basic price. C floating hotels.
C a SUV is not usually an option to choose from. D floating tourist havens.
D normal insurance covers any damage to the
vehicle.
___ 12

2 Answer these questions.

1 Describe the advantages and disadvantages of travelling by coach.
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
2 Explain the different types of water transport available and what each one is most suitable for.
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
3 Describe what kind of cruises are available on the market nowadays and the most popular destinations.
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
4 Explain the embarkation and disembarkation procedures for a cruise ship.
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________

___ 12

3 Write a short essay (140-190 words) comparing rail travel with travelling by car (write about costs, comfort
and your own idea). Give reasons for your point of view.

___ 16

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 Name : _______________________________
Class : ___________ Date : _____________

TEST YOUR LANGUAGE

Vocabulary
1 Complete the table with the missing words.

NOUN VERB ADJECTIVE

(1) _________________________ extend (2) _________________________
(3) _________________________ (4) _________________________ insured
(5) _________________________ cancel (6) _________________________
(7) _________________________ (8) _________________________ treated

___ 8
2 Match the two halves to make sentences about different types of transport used in tourism.
1 With connecting flights a only the departure date is fixed.
2 Airlines offer the maximum luxury to b make changes after booking without any penalty.
3 If you purchase an open ticket, c purchasing a non-refundable, advance ticket.
4 Flexible tickets allow you to d passengers have to disembark and take another flight.
5 Rail travel can be affordable by e tiring due to traffic jams and bad weather.
6 Travelling by coach can be f passengers travelling first class.
___ 6
Grammar
3 Choose the correct alternative to complete the sentences.
1 The tour operator, which/whose coach tours are especially popular with the elderly, has excellent facilities to
make the journey as comfortable as possible.
2 Our company has been operating in the tourism sector since/for 2003.
3 We offer passengers the best in low cost/price rail travel.
4 Unfortunately there are no flights that leave early enough in/on the morning to get us to London on time for
our connecting flight.
5 In our hotel, dinner is served between/from 19.30 and 21.30.
6 On/At New Year’s Eve they always have fireworks in the square in our city.
7 The crossing takes/wants ten hours, and if there’s fog, even longer.
8 There are/We are five of us, two adults and three children.
9 Do/Have you need any special assistance at the airport?
10 We wish/like to confirm your booking for three nights in our luxury suite.
___ 10
Communication
4 Put the sentences into the correct order in this letter of enquiry (1-6).

Dear Mr Palmers,
a Thank you in advance for your cooperation and I look forward to hearing from you.
b I would like to enquire about the possibility of taking part in one of your extreme sports weekend breaks.
c I refer to the recent article on your website about your new fun weekend programme for sports lovers.
d Could you also tell me what kind of accommodation is available and if it costs more for a single room?
e I would be interested in trying this new experience in the month of June or July.
f Therefore could you please tell me your best offer for one person for your white water rafting weekend
during this period?
Best regards,
Lucy Miles

___ 6

304 TEST U NIT 5 | Transport Photocopiable | Explore © ELI

 Name : _______________________________
Class : ___________ Date : _____________

5 Complete the advertisement about a holiday cruise with two words for each gap.

Book your Caribbean Cruise early and (1) _______________ to 25%

on the holiday of your dreams.
Need help planning your cruise? Visit our website for full
(2) _______________ all our cruises (3) _______________ January
to December 2018.
Send us an email with all your requests and our experienced staff
will process it and get (4) _______________ you as soon as possible.
Remember all our ships (5) _______________ five-star floating hotels with every kind of amenity you
can imagine!
So what are (6) _______________ for? Contact us today and we’ll start planning your holiday
(7) _______________ lifetime!

___ 14

6 Complete this letter of enquiry to Caribbean Cruises Ltd with the expressions in the box.

ideal departure date − would be grateful − specify what is included − your availability and price
the following itinerary − quote us your best price

Dear Sirs,
With reference to your advertisement regarding your Caribbean Cruises, I (1) _______________ if you could
let me know (2) _______________ for my family and I (two adults and three children aged 10, 12 and 14) for
(3) _______________.
We’d like to fly from London to Barbados and then start our voyage which should include Antigua, St. Kitts
and the Dominican Republic. Our (4) _______________ would be 10th February for 15 nights. We would
prefer a 5-berth suite with balcony so could you please (5) _______________ for this or alternatively two
cabins each with balcony to sleep two and three people.
Please could you also (6) _______________ in the basic price and what facilities are available on board
especially for our children?
Thanking you in advance, I look forward to hearing from you.
Yours faithfully,
Brian Stockwell

___ 6

Total ___ 50

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 Name : _______________________________
Class : ___________ Date : _____________

TEST YOUR SKILLS

Reading comprehension
1 Read this article and answer the questions.

that its members don’t have to suffer the horror of being stuck in a
A NEW PRIVATE TERMINAL FOR THE RICH traffic jam like most normal people. A special road has been created
os Angeles international airport (LAX) has a new terminal which takes members directly to a set of tall grey gates that are then
L that seems to have been designed to cater for the super-rich. It
guarantees peaceful privacy with all the comforts you can imagine
opened by armed guards once they have checked your identity.
Annual membership costs $7,500 plus you have to pay $2,700 for
including beds, massages and tonnes of chocolates and sweets. This a domestic flight and $3,000 for an international flight. This price
is in stark contrast with what usually goes on at the main terminal covers the cost of a group of up to four people. If you aren’t a
building of any normal airport full of crowds of loud noisy people member you have to pay $3,500 for a domestic flight and $4,000
being pushed in all directions. for an international flight for a group of up to three people.
However, only 1% of all passengers being processed through this There is everything you can think of included in the price: 13 suites
airport will have the joy of this luxury experience as not many each with bathrooms, TVs, drinks, organic snacks, Wi-Fi and a view
can afford membership to this elite club. It cost $22m to build so of planes going down the runways. They also cater for children with
obviously the airport needs to make huge sums of money out of special menus and toys. They even provide a change of clothes from
it. Therefore, it is bound to attract only the rich and probably also the best designer labels if you need something warmer or lighter
famous who want to get away from paparazzi who are always on for your destination. When it’s time to board your plane, there’s no
the lookout for a celebrity at the airport or top businessmen. need to wait at the gate. Instead, a private car will take you over to
The idea was copied from the Windsor Suite at London’s Heathrow your plane and when you arrive at your destination, you will still be
airport, situated in terminal 5, which is reserved for popes, presidents pampered with comfortable armchairs and chocolates at customs
and other VIPs. Reaching the Private Suite has been made easier so and immigration.

1 What have they provided at LAX to enable people to avoid the confusion normally found at an airport?
2 What kind of people will probably take advantage of this new service and why?
3 What was LAX inspired by when designing this new terminal?
4 Apart from the comforts to be found inside the terminal, what other aspects have been taken care of to make
the whole experience as easy as possible?
___ 16
Listening
2 You will hear a writer talking about his journey on the Trans-Siberian Railway in Russia. Decide if these
6
sentences are true (T) or false (F).
T F
1 The railway line is more than a hundred years old.
2 The majority of tourists opt to do this journey in winter.
3 The second-class berths were very spacious.
4 Most Russians travelled First class.
5 The highest speed the train reached was 43 mph.
6 Nobody ever came to give them clean sheets.
7 The dining car was always full of local people eating their picnics.
___ 14
Writing
3 This is part of a letter you receive from an English friend. Write a letter (140-190 words), answering your
friend’s questions.

You’ll never guess, mum and dad have said I can come and see you this summer for a month!
I’d really like to see as much of your country as possible while I’m there, especially Venice, Rome, Florence,
and then Sicily and Sardinia. Can you help me plan a good itinerary? What’s the cheapest way of getting about?
Is it dangerous travelling on your own?
I’d obviously like to spend a few days with you either at the start or the end of my trip. ___ 20
What do you think is best? Where do you think I should start from?
Total ___ 50

306 TEST U NIT 5 | Transport Photocopiable | Explore © ELI

 Name : _______________________________
Class : ___________ Date : _____________

TEST YOUR COMPETENCES

1 You are Mr Brown who owns a travel agency. You have received a request for car hire from a group of
clients, seven in all, who will be travelling with their ski equipment. Write a letter of enquiry (140-190
words) to Mr Giovanni Testa, who specialises in car hire, asking for advice for the best option and price for
10 days hire. Specify that your clients will arrive and leave from Florence airport.

___ 20

2 Translate into English this email in reply to the enquiry from Mr Brown.

Egregio Sig. Brown,

grazie per la Sua richiesta riguardo al noleggio di un minibus.
Come vettura da noleggiare senza autista (= self-drive), Vi possiamo dare in noleggio una macchina
a sette posti oppure un minibus che ospita fino a nove persone. Qualsiasi vettura più grande, per
legge, deve essere noleggiata con un autista. Per i suoi clienti, che viaggiano con attrezzature
sportive, Le consiglio il minibus anche se ci sono solo sette persone nel gruppo. In questo modo,
avranno molto spazio per i bagagli e staranno più comodi. I nostri minibus sono i modelli Custom
oppure Transporter e hanno massimo tre anni.
Per un noleggio di 10 giorni, con ritiro e restituzione all’aeroporto di Firenze, l’importo totale è di 759
euro. Questo include chilometraggio illimitato, assicurazione e tasse e la possibilità di indicare due
autisti, che devono avere più di 25 anni. Se desiderate aggiungere altri autisti, fatecelo sapere per
cortesia.
Rimaniamo in attesa di ricevere la Vostra prenotazione.
Cordiali saluti,
Giovanni Testa

___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________

___ 20

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 TEST UNIT 6 Name : _______________________________
Accommodation Class : ___________ Date : _____________

TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE 1 (pp. 166-171)

1 Choose the correct option.
1 For someone who isn’t bothered about space, 4 Which sentence best describes boutique hotels?
doesn’t want to cook and loves sightseeing, the A They are large and offer basic services at a
best option is… reasonable rate.
A a luxurious international hotel chain with many B They are small, upmarket hotels in unique settings.
facilities, near the beach. C They offer shuttle services to and from the airport.
B a self-catering apartment with Wi-Fi, in the city D They are located in strategic points, like for example
centre. near city centres.
C a family run hotel in the city centre with an
intimate atmosphere. 5 A serviced apartment…
D a self-catering apartment with air-conditioning, A gives you the chance to cook for yourself if you
near the beach. wish.
B is never within a hotel complex.
2 A person booking full board will pay… C is usually only used for overnight stays.
A for the room and three main meals a day. D only has a bedroom and bathroom.
B for the room and breakfast in the morning.
C for the room, breakfast and evening meal. 6 Facilities to be found in hotel rooms do NOT usually
D for the room only. include…
A tea and coffee making facilities.
3 Two business colleagues travelling together with B complimentary personal toiletries.
a normal budget will choose… C complimentary monogrammed bathrobes and
A a suite. towels.
B a triple room. D a TV and hairdryer.
C a double room.
D a twin room.
___ 12

2 Answer these questions.

1 Explain what people have to take into consideration when choosing holiday accommodation.
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
2 Describe the characteristics of micro hotels and who they are suitable for.
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
3 Explain the similarities and differences between a resort hotel and a holiday village.
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
4 Describe what facilities hotels usually offer their guests and how they advertise them.
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________

___ 12

3 Write a short essay (140-190 words) describing the advantages and disadvantages of hotel accommodation
(write about price, amenities and your own idea). Give reasons for your point of view.

___ 16

Total ___ 40

308 TEST U NIT 6 | Accommodation Photocopiable | Explore © ELI

 Name : _______________________________
Class : ___________ Date : _____________

TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE 2 (pp. 172-177)

1 Choose the correct option.
1 Compared to hotels, B&Bs… 4 Holiday rentals…
A are bigger. A are unfurnished apartments.
B have a more informal atmosphere. B provide plates, knives and forks.
C offer the same standard of service. C can only be booked directly with the owners.
D have the same amount of facilities for guests. D always provide sheets and towels.

2 Which statement best describes inns? 5 Which of the following statements is NOT true
A They can be found all over the world. about hostels?
B They are usually situated in city centres. A They are not expensive.
C They do not provide any meals. B They all belong to a German organisation.
D They are typically pubs that provide C They have communal areas to relax and cook.
accommodation and breakfast. D They have single-sex or mixed dormitories.

3 Hotel rating systems… 6 A motorhome…

A use a star system worldwide. A is separated from the car on arriving at a campsite.
B award up to six stars for the best hotels. B is sold with bikes included in the price.
C follow an international rating system. C offers more protection than a tent.
D can be regulated by law or assessed by various D is reasonably cheap to buy.
organisations.

___ 12

2 Answer these questions.

1 Explain the similarities and differences between a bed and breakfast and a guesthouse.
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
2 Explain the rating system for accommodation in the UK.
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
3 Explain the advantages and disadvantages of a self-catering holiday.
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
4 Explain what is meant by ‘house swapping’ and ‘sofa surfing’.
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________

___ 12

3 Write a short essay (140-190 words) comparing hotel ratings and online review websites, and describe their
advantages and disadvantages for the tourist (write about the information provided, their popularity with
the public and your own idea). Give reasons for your point of view.

___ 16

Total ___ 40

Photocopiable | Explore © ELI Accommodation | TES T U N I T 6 309

 Name : _______________________________
Class : ___________ Date : _____________

TEST YOUR LANGUAGE

Vocabulary
1 Match the two halves to make sentences about different types of accommodation used in tourism.
1 Meals are provided a guests can be assured of consistent levels of service.
2 TV, a pool and a gym b it can benefit from brand awareness and advertising.
3 A suite is a c operated as family businesses.
4 A hotel that is a franchise d alongside major motorways and roads.
5 If a budget hotel is part of a chain, e offers access to hotel-like services.
6 A serviced apartment f larger room with separate living and sleeping areas.
7 Motels are located g in serviced accommodation.
8 Guesthouses are usually h are examples of facilities to be found in some hotels.

___ 8

2 Match these expressions with their synonyms.

1 good value for money a the principal disadvantage
2 the main downside b a good deal
3 crockery and cutlery c peculiar aspects
4 assessment criteria d home exchange
5 quirky details e dishes and knives, forks and spoons
6 house swapping f evaluation standards

___ 6

3 Match the information about hotels to the correct heading.

1 a stone’s throw away from a Rooms
2 low key and laidback b Menus
3 outdoor pool, tennis court and barbecue terrace c Prices
4 superb suites with antique furniture d Amenities
5 all dishes prepared with local organic ingredients e Location
6 based on 2 nights, mid-May f Style

___ 6

4 Choose the correct alternative to complete the sentences.

1 This apartment can sleep four people and has a fully-equipped/efficient kitchen.
2 Situated in a prime/compact position in the city centre, it is ideal for sightseeing.
3 The impeccable/stylish service will add to the enjoyment of your stay.
4 The marble/heated staircase is a feature of this hotel.
5 The friendly/personal staff will do their best to satisfy you.

___ 5

310 TEST U NIT 6 | Accommodation Photocopiable | Explore © ELI

 Name : _______________________________
Class : ___________ Date : _____________

Grammar
5 Transform these sentences into the the passive form.
1 They will turn this Victorian building into holiday flats next year.
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
2 They take guests to the airport in the private mini-bus.
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
3 They built this holiday village five years ago.
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
4 They serve lunch between noon and 2 p.m.
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
5 They have not included drinks in the price of the meal.
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________

___ 5

Communication
6 Complete the description of The Grand Hotel with the expressions in the box.

the heart of − four-star hotels − landscaped tropical − impressive range of

a delightful feature − equipped with

The Grand Hotel is among the best (1) _______________ in this city. It is set in beautifully (2) _______________
gardens in (3) ________________ the old part of the city. This luxurious hotel offers an (4) _______________
facilities. (5) ________________ is the rooftop swimming pool and terrace. All 200 rooms are
(6) ________________ bath/shower, toilet, cable TV, minibar and tea and coffee making facilities.

___ 6

7 Complete this letter of enquiry about the Grand Hotel.

Dear Sirs,
I read about your hotel on booking.com and I would like to enquire about (1) ________________ for the
period from 10th to 17th August. I (2) ________________ one double room and a (3) ________________
with two single beds, if possible next to (4) ________________ as we are a family of four with two teenage
children and would prefer them to be near us. Both rooms should have (5) ________________ with shower.
Could you also specify if (6) ________________ air-conditioning in the rooms and if you provide a free
(7) ________________ from the airport to the hotel?
Looking forward to your best quote,
Yours faithfully,
James Stewart

___ 14

Total ___ 50

Photocopiable | Explore © ELI Accommodation | TES T U N I T 6 311

 Name : _______________________________
Class : ___________ Date : _____________

TEST YOUR SKILLS

Reading comprehension
1 Read this article and answer the questions.

Wild Camping in Oman and super shopping malls, which have been designed in an English style.
With this investment, Oman hopes to welcome 11.7 million visitors a
ow does a family camping holiday in the wild deserts of Oman year by 2040.
H sound? It’s certainly different from a traditional camping holiday
but at the same time it’s definitely the best and cheapest way to see the
Desert camping is a far cry from all this prospected luxury and even the
few hotels available at the moment are beyond most normal people’s
amazing scenery of this country. While you admire the sunrise from the budgets. One bonus is that you don’t need to bring your own camping
top of the Al Ahkdar mountain range though, you have to be aware that stuff as all the equipment you require can easily be hired from various
your campsite might be invaded by a herd of mountain goats. This is local companies. For your wild camping experience, you can choose
exactly what happened to us and they weren’t just content with eating from the luxury offered by up-market tour operators to more basic,
all the fruit and honey we’d saved for our breakfast but weren’t exactly standard equipment that is obviously a lot less expensive and not quite
keen on moving either, so it took a lot of plate banging to get rid of them. so comfortable, but they provide the basics such as a tent, sleeping bags,
You’re allowed to do wild camping by law in Oman which means you can a cool box, and cooking equipment. If requested, the tour operator will
pitch your tent on any plot of public land, whether that be mountain tops, also take care of organising vehicle rental and finding you a good map
beaches or golden sand dunes. There’s no other kind of accommodation to follow. Expeditions are led by experienced guides who make sure
that gives you the chance of seeing this Middle Eastern country first hand you enjoy all aspects of this beautiful country. There’s something for
and from a totally different viewpoint than that usually offered by tour everyone, from the peacefulness of the deserts for those who want to
operators. Tourism is definitely on the increase in Oman with the help get away from the frenzy of city life, to mountain trekking for the more
of the government that is putting billions into the development of luxury energetic and, of course, miles and miles of sandy beaches where you
accommodation and facilities like a superyacht marina, five-star hotels can just simply chill out.

1 At the start of the article, what advantages and disadvantages of camping in Oman are mentioned by the writer?
2 How is the government helping to develop tourism in Oman and what are its expectations?
3 What is provided for people who choose to go wild camping in Oman?
4 Who is this type of holiday suitable for and what can you expect to see?
___ 16
Listening
2 You will hear a reviewer talking about his impressions of a youth hostel in Nottingham, England.
7
Decide if these sentences are true (T) or false (F).
T F
1 The hostel doesn’t offer the same value for money as hotels.
2 The reviewer doesn’t usually have a high opinion of hostel accommodation.
3 What convinced him to try this hostel was the price.
4 The dormitories can’t accommodate more than six people.
5 Before you leave, someone comes and takes the sheets off the bed.
6 This hostel used to be a factory.
7 One disadvantage of staying here is that you can only eat in nearby restaurants.
___ 14
Writing
3 You recently saw this notice on an English language website called ‘Dream Holidays’.

REVIEWS WANTED
A Holiday to Remember
Have you been anywhere on holiday recently? Write us a review about the place you stayed in.
You should explain what the accommodation had to offer, its location, facilities and so on, and
whether you would recommend it to other young people giving reasons for your point of view.
___ 20

Now write your review (140-190 words). Total ___ 50

312 TEST U NIT 6 | Accommodation Photocopiable | Explore © ELI

 Name : _______________________________
Class : ___________ Date : _____________

TEST YOUR COMPETENCES

1 Translate the telephone conversation between an annoyed client, Mr Jones, and the travel agent he booked
his holiday with.

Agente di viaggio Buongiorno, Sun and Sea Travel, come la posso aiutare?
Sig. Jones Buongiorno, vorrei parlare con il direttore.
Agente di viaggio Mi dispiace, ma il Sig. Thompson non è in ufficio in questo momento. Vuole lasciare un
messaggio e la faccio richiamare appena possibile?
Sig. Jones Può dire al Sig. Thompson che sono molto arrabbiato e deluso della nostra vacanza di
una settimana a Maiorca che ho prenotato tramite la vostra agenzia? Sono appena
tornato e sento che io e mia moglie abbiamo bisogno di un’altra vacanza per riprenderci!
Agente di viaggio Mi dispiace tantissimo. Cosa è successo?
Sig. Jones Beh, prima di tutto il nostro volo ha avuto un ritardo di 10 ore, perciò abbiamo perso il
primo giorno della nostra vacanza perché non siamo arrivati a destinazione fino alle 2 di
notte. Poi il nostro albergo, il Grand Hotel, non aveva una prenotazione a nome mio,
perciò abbiamo dovuto aspettare fino alle 7 prima di prendere una camera.
Agente di viaggio Sono sicura che il Sig. Thompson indagherà per capire come sia potuta succedere una
cosa simile nell’albergo. Poi spero che il resto della vacanza sia andato bene…
Sig. Jones Affatto! Il personale dell’albergo era molto scortese, il servizio era pessimo e anche il
cibo. Nel vostro catalogo questo albergo viene descritto come hotel di lusso a 4 stelle…
non meritavano nemmeno una stella! Perciò, penso che sia giusto che la vostra agenzia
ci offra qualche tipo di rimborso per tutto quello che abbiamo passato.
Agente di viaggio Va bene, Sig. Jones, riferirò tutto al Sig. Thompson non appena rientrerà in ufficio.

___ 20

2 You are Mr Thompson, manager of the travel agency Sun and Sea Travel. Write a letter to Mr Jones (140-190
words) apologising for what happened. Explain what circumstances were out of your control and what
mistakes were made by your agency. Comment on the standard of the hotel and offer some kind of
compensation.

_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________

___ 20

Total ___ 40

Photocopiable | Explore © ELI Accommodation | TES T U N I T 6 313

 TEST UNIT 7 Name : _______________________________
Explore Italy Class : ___________ Date : _____________

TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE (pp. 210-229)

1 Choose the correct option.
1 Italy has land borders with… 6 A tourist visiting Italy…
A France, Germany, Austria and Slovenia. A will find that credit cards are accepted
B Croatia, Austria, Slovenia and Switzerland. everywhere.
C Slovenia, Switzerland, France and Austria. B will be able to use selfie sticks wherever they go.
D France, Switzerland, Austria and Croatia. C will need an adaptor for electrical items.
D will be able to enter churches wearing shorts.
2 In the Italian political system…
A power in Parliament is divided into two 7 A tourist in search of ceramics to take home
branches. should visit…
B the legislative branch is run by the Senate A Venice.
alone. B Deruta.
C the President of the Republic nominates the C Turin.
Prime Minister. D Florence.
D the Prime Minister is elected for a seven-year
term. 8 A historical centre with Arab, Byzantine, Spanish
and Norman influences is…
3 Which period in Italian history saw a growing A Polignano a Mare.
interest in the fields of art and science? B Santa Maria di Leuca.
A the Renaissance C San Giovanni Rotondo.
B the Middle Ages D Alberobello.
C at the start of the Roman Empire
D during the unification of Italy 9 Tourists wishing to take a boat trip to Isola Bella
should go to…
4 In World War I, Italy fought against… A Lake Orta.
A France and Britain. B Lake Garda.
B Austria and Hungary. C Lake Como.
C Germany. D Lake Maggiore.
D the USA.
10 Visitors wishing to visit Palazzo Pitti should go to…
5 During the economic boom, after World War II… A Lecce.
A trade unions had a lot of power. B Florence.
B production costs were high. C Milan.
C work in agriculture increased. D Venice.
D railways suffered.
___ 20

314 TEST U NIT 7 | Explore Italy Photocopiable | Explore © ELI

 Name : _______________________________
Class : ___________ Date : _____________

2 Decide if these sentences are true (T) or false (F).

T F
1 The River Po starts in the north central Apennines.
2 The Tremiti Islands are on the Adriatic Coast.
3 During the Bronze Age, tribes in Sardinia were farmers.
4 Magna Graecia included settlements north of the Tiber.
5 At its height, the Roman Empire included parts of North Africa.
6 Rome became the capital of Italy in 1861.
7 Pantelleria is famous for its capers.
8 The Riviera di Levante borders with France.
9 Valle D’Aosta has famous ski resorts like Courmayeur.
10 The Basilica in Venice is an example of Baroque architecture.

___ 20

3 Answer these questions.

1 Explain the different means of transport available to tourists when travelling around Italy.
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
2 Explain why the Dolomites is a favourite tourist attraction both in winter and summer.
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
3 Describe the most famous sights to be seen in Milan and what else it offers tourists.
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
4 Explain what influenced the different kinds of architectural styles to be found in Lecce, giving examples of
each type.
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________

___ 20

4 A group of English tourists would like to visit Italy. Write an article about Rome (140-190 words), explaining
why you think it is the best choice and what it has to offer.

___ 40

Total ___ 100

Photocopiable | Explore © ELI Explore Italy | TES T U N I T 7 315

 Name : _______________________________
Class : ___________ Date : _____________

TEST YOUR LANGUAGE

Vocabulary
1 Complete the text about the Marche region with the words in the box. There are two extra words.

itinerary − founded − popularity − ideal − boasts − highlights − strolling − boat − hilltop − stop − guided − travel

ver the last few years, the Marche region has grown in impressive port with links to Greece and Croatia. If you want
O (1) ____________ with British tourists. The Marche
has everything the visitor can wish for, from beaches to
to learn more about this city that was (6) ____________ by the
ancient Greeks, take advantage of the free (7) ____________
(2) ____________ villages and art-filled towns. Inland, don’t tour that is organised on the first Sunday of every month.
miss the opportunity of seeing the steep, stone, medieval town The Marche coast stretches for about one hundred miles along
of Urbino and the renaissance art of its Palazzo Ducale, which the Adriatic coast and just south of Ancona is the Conero
is one of Italy’s best galleries. Another major attraction on your peninsula, which is (8) ____________ for hiking or mountain-
(3) ____________ should be Ascoli Piceno in the south. It bike excursions. If you prefer relaxing, (9) ____________ off
has a spectacular square and while you’re (4) ____________ anywhere along the coast road to visit one of the many sandy
about, don’t forget to try the local speciality − stuffed olives beaches. The prettiest by far is the Due Sorelle, but this can
that are breaded then deep-fried. Ancona (5) ____________ an only be reached by (10) ____________ from Numana.

___ 20
Communication
2 Translate the expressions in the box and use them to complete this conversation between an American
tourist, who wants to plan a fly-drive holiday in Sicily, and a TIC assistant.

il migliore periodo dell’anno è giugno − se gradisci qualcosa di più movimentato − scegliere fra i tanti
visitare Taormina è d’obbligo − sarebbe un peccato perdere − fare una piacevole passeggiata nel
suggerirei di andare in macchina − prima conoscenza della storia e dell’arte
dovreste programmare di trascorrere almeno due settimane − troverai senz’altro

Tourist How long do you think we need to see a good part of the island?
TIC assistant (1) _______________________ so you can get a real feel of the island and see the most
important places.
Tourist OK, and what period do you think would be most suitable?
TIC assistant Well, I think (2) ______________________ because it isn’t too hot, so it’s ideal for getting about.
Tourist So where should we start from?
TIC assistant Well, Cefalù is a popular tourist resort. (3) _______________________ lots of lovely beaches in
the little bays and rocky coves. After that, (4) _______________________, another great base
for a couple of days with its picturesque town with some valuable historical buildings and the
world famous Greek theatre.
Tourist Sounds great! Where should we go from there?
TIC assistant (5) _______________________ to Sampieri, but on the way, stop off at Syracuse.
(6) _______________________ this town, which is included in the Unesco World Heritage List
for its Archaeological Park. You can also (7) _______________________ the historic centre of
Syracuse and admire the mix of Greek, Roman, medieval and Baroque buildings.
After this (8) _______________________ of Sicily, Sampieri is perfect for relaxing on the wide
sandy beaches. Instead, (9) _______________________ with the chance of snorkeling, then
Licata is the place for you, with lots of lively beach activities.
Tourist What about accommodation?
TIC assistant You can (10) ______________________ B&Bs or hotels on the island, depending on your budget.
Tourist Great, thanks for all the information. I’ll get back to you in the next few days.
___ 30

Total ___ 50

316 TEST U NIT 7 | Explore Italy Photocopiable | Explore © ELI

 Name : _______________________________
Class : ___________ Date : _____________

TEST YOUR SKILLS

Reading comprehension
1 Read this article and answer the questions.

Bargain Holidays in Italy As far as accommodation is concerned, most Italians now go for homely
working farms rather than sophisticated hotels in major cities. These working
talian people love getting their money’s worth, so the best way to have farms set in spectacular countryside, offer accommodation that is by far much
I a great holiday in Italy even if you have to keep to a strict budget is
to do what the locals do. If you follow their example, you’ll find a host
cheaper than in hotels as well as giving the guest the chance to get a real
insight into the lives of the local people. Just imagine yourself surrounded by
of reasonably priced hotels and low-cost or even free beaches and spas the picturesque landscapes of Tuscany in its Val D’Orcia, whose countryside
to choose from as well as fantastic places to visit that won’t burn a hole is now protected by UNESCO. Here almost everything you eat is home-
in your pocket. produced and you can lull in the comforting atmosphere of the seclusion it
Food, as everyone knows, plays an important role in Italian lifestyle offers, far from the frenetic, noisy, stress-filled life of the city. However, for
and people definitely don’t just eat to live. Instead, it is considered a those who are looking for the glamourous comforts of city life, along the
major social event and a chance of trying many exquisite specialities. Tuscan coast, you can find stone cottages with Jacuzzis heated by wood fires
Take for example, an Italian picnic – they are awesome compared to the that combine with breath-taking sea views to offer you the best of both worlds.
sad little soggy sandwiches that epitomise British picnics. Here you can For those of you more interested in sunbathing, it’s a good idea to avoid the
find different kinds of cold meat and cheese, all of high quality, as well endless rows of pricey beach umbrellas and sunbeds and head for one of the
as fresh bread, and fruit that can all be easily picked up from the local many beautiful, free beaches, which are generally more popular with Italian
food shops and bakeries. Best of all, it’ll cost you half the amount you’d families. One to try out is the Maremma National Park that offers not only
normally pay for these products in Britain, and the quality of course is sandy beaches and clear blue sea, but also hiking trails and lots of wildlife to
far superior. look out for.

1 What is the best way of saving money for a tourist visiting Italy?
2 Why does the writer compare British picnics with the Italian version?
3 What advantages are there for the tourist who chooses to stay in the countryside?
4 How can money be saved for those who love the seaside?
___ 16
Listening
2 You will hear a reporter talking about Rome’s MAAM gallery (Museum of the Other and Elsewhere).
8
Complete the text with the words you hear.
One of the lesser-known galleries in Rome, but nonetheless well worth a visit, is Rome’s MAAM gallery that
(1) __________________ works from artists from all over the world. Before becoming a gallery, this building
was a (2) __________________. Nowadays, many of the works of art on show are inspired by the lives of its
(3) __________________, 200 squatters, 80 of them children. It all started in 2011, when Giorgio de Finis came
across the building, occupied by (4) __________________ migrants. He started to organise performances and
art events there with the help of the (5) __________________ and it has now become one of Rome’s most
important (6) __________________ art spaces exhibiting murals, (7) __________________ and paintings
produced by over three hundred artists from all over the world.
___ 14
Writing
3 You recently saw this notice on an English language website about holidays.

REVIEWS WANTED
A day in an Italian city
Have you visited a city in Italy recently with your classmates or family? Write us a review of
the city, explaining what you liked about it and why other students might find it interesting.
___ 20
Now write your review (140-190 words). Total ___ 50

Photocopiable | Explore © ELI Explore Italy | TES T U N I T 7 317

 Name : _______________________________
Class : ___________ Date : _____________

TEST YOUR COMPETENCES

1 Read this information about a day trip in Tuscany and decide if the sentences are true (T) or false (F).

One-day escorted coach tour to

FLORENCE ➔ SIENA ➔ SAN GIMIGNANO ➔ PISA
Schedule: May-October TOUR DETAILS
Departure: Every Monday, Wednesday
Departing from Santa
and Friday, 8 a.m.
Maria Novella train
Departure/Arrival: Santa Maria Novella train
station at 8 a.m., your
station, Florence
guide will take you on
Transport: Luxury coach
a 2-hour walking tour of
Cost per person: Adult e150
Florence, including all
Child (3-16) e100
the most famous sights
Senior/Student e125
like the Duomo and Uffizi
Lunch included
Gallery, where you can admire the wealth of art and history of
this magnificent city. Then, you will be taken by coach through
the Tuscan countryside to the gothic city of Siena, famous for
HIGHLIGHTS
its Cathedral and medieval streets. After a guided tour, you
• Private luxury coach bus with WC, Wi-Fi will also have some time on your own to enjoy a drink at an
and DVD open-air café and have a chat with the locals. Next, you will
• Guided walking tour of Florence be taken on a drive into the Sienese hills, home to the famous
• Scenic drive through Tuscan countryside Chianti wine, where there will be a stop for lunch among these
• Guided tour of Siena and some free spectacular vineyards. After lunch, the coach will take you to
time to explore on your own San Gimignano, where
• Drive through Sienese hills you can enjoy a relaxing
• Lunch among Chianti vineyards with walk along the cobbled
opportunity of purchasing local wines streets and maybe have
and olive oil an ice cream. Then it’s on
• Visit to San Gimignano famous for its to Pisa where you can
14 towers take selfies with its famous
• Last stop, Pisa with audio tour in Leaning Tower. Estimated
several languages of its Leaning Tower, arrival time back in
Cathedral and Baptistery Florence is 8 p.m.

T F
1 Tourists choosing this tour will not need to take their own cars.
2 There will be a stop in the countryside between Florence and Siena.
3 During the tour of Siena, tourists must stay with the guide at all times.
4 Tourists will be able to buy some local produce at lunchtime.
5 San Gimignano is a modern town.
6 The tour includes dinner in Pisa.

___ 12

318 TEST U NIT 7 | Explore Italy Photocopiable | Explore © ELI

 Name : _______________________________
Class : ___________ Date : _____________

2 Complete the questions a tourist asks the tour guide about the day trip in Tuscany.

Tourist (1) ___________________________________________________________________________?

Guide The tour starts at 8 in the morning and the pick-up point is across the road from your hotel.
Tourist (2) ___________________________________________________________________________?
Guide No, I’m afraid, no animals are allowed on the coach, so you’ll have to ask someone to look after
your dog for the day.
Tourist (3) ___________________________________________________________________________?
Guide It should take about an hour to get to Siena.
Tourist (4) ___________________________________________________________________________?
Guide Of course! Lunch is included in the price of the trip and I can assure you that you won’t be
disappointed.
Tourist (5) ___________________________________________________________________________?
Guide If you want, you can go up the Leaning Tower of Pisa, but you’ll have to pay for that.
Tourist (6) ___________________________________________________________________________?
Guide The tour is mainly for English speakers, so I’m afraid that you’ll have to translate for your German
friend when he doesn’t understand.
___ 18

3 Write the itinerary of a fly-drive package.

You work for a travel agency in London. A family of four, mother, father and two children aged 12 and 16,
would like to plan a one-week holiday to Italy, dividing their time between Rome and Naples. Create an
outline of how the holiday could be organised which includes:
• flights London/Rome;
• car hire;
• accommodation in a three-star hotel in Rome and Naples on a half board basis;
• suggested itinerary Rome 3 nights – most important landmarks;
• Naples 3 nights with option of boat trip to Capri or Ischia;
• return to Rome and last night in four-star hotel near airport.

_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________

___ 50

Total ___ 80

Photocopiable | Explore © ELI Explore Italy | TES T U N I T 7 319

 TEST UNIT 8 Name : _______________________________
Explore the British Isles Class : ___________ Date : _____________

TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE (pp. 246-265)

1 Choose the correct option.
1 The British Isles… 6 The best place to find Cornish pasties is…
A is composed of two islands. A England.
B is off the south-west coast of mainland Europe. B Scotland.
C has a temperate climate. C Ireland.
D has more rainfall in the east. D Wales.

2 The River Shannon… 7 Which sentence best describes London?

A flows through Oxford and London. A It is the capital of the British Isles.
B starts in Mid Wales. B It has a population of less than 8.5 million.
C ends in the Bristol Channel. C Its buses are black and its taxis are red.
D is the longest river in the British Isles. D Many of its buildings represent different
religious beliefs.
3 Which of the following countries is NOT part of
the United Kingdom? 8 To visit the Houses of Parliament in London, you
A Scotland should go to…
B the Republic of Ireland A South Kensington.
C Wales B Westminster.
D Northern Ireland C The City.
D The West End.
4 The Romans…
A conquered Scotland as well as England and 9 Cardiff…
Wales. A has always been the capital of Wales.
B arrived in Britain after the Anglo-Saxons. B is in the north of Wales.
C built roads and introduced sewage systems. C was once famous for its coal and iron industries.
D built many stone churches and cathedrals. D no longer makes use of the area around its port.

5 Margaret Thatcher… 10 Edinburgh…

A was the leader of the Labour Party. A is on the east coast of Scotland.
B increased government spending. B has a population of over 500,000.
C was the first female British Prime Minister. C has a new part built in Victorian style.
D increased employment in state-owned sectors. D hosts an international festival in July.

___ 20

320 TEST U NIT 8 | Explore the British Isles Photocopiable | Explore © ELI
 Name : _______________________________
Class : ___________ Date : _____________

2 Decide if these sentences are true (T) or false (F).

T F
1 Stirling Castle is still used by the Royal Family for holidays.
2 Belfast is where the Titanic was built.
3 In 1999, devolution created a national Parliament in Scotland.
4 The Industrial Revolution happened in the Georgian period.
5 In 1918, women under the age of 30 could not vote.
6 Blackpool offers the tourist a taste of quiet village life.
7 Entrance to the Natural History Museum in South Kensington is free.
8 Ticket prices for the Tube in London are the same for all zones.
9 St Giles Cathedral can be found in Edinburgh.
10 The Book of Kells is kept at Dublin Castle.

___ 20

3 Answer these questions.

1 Describe the various types of landscape to be found in the British Isles.
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
2 Explain what dramatic changes happened during the Victorian period to Britain and its people.
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
3 Explain what an ‘Oyster card’ is and why it is useful for tourists visiting London.
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
4 Describe the tourist attractions to be found in Dublin.
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________

___ 20

4 Your school would like to organise a two-week trip around England. Write a report (140-190 words),
recommending what places should be included in the itinerary and what attractions they offer.

___ 40

Total ___ 100

Photocopiable | Explore © ELI Explore the British Isles | T EST U N I T 8 321

 Name : _______________________________
Class : ___________ Date : _____________

TEST YOUR LANGUAGE

Vocabulary
1 Complete the text about Glasgow with the words in the box. There are two extra words.

get − explore − turn − discover − works − lose − dates − look − find − head − marvel − miss

hen visiting Glasgow, the biggest city in Scotland, you way from one gig to the next and you will (6) ___________ lots of
W will (1) ___________ out about the wealth of this city’s
architecture as you take a tour of some of its most famous landmarks.
interesting facts about the city’s music scene. In the West End of
the city (7) ___________ Ashton Lane, a cobbled back street full of
Glasgow Cathedral for example, (2) ___________back to medieval loads of different bars and restaurants, where you can try home-made
times, while the University of Glasgow is a prime example of neo- haggis, one of Scotland’s specialities. If on the other hand you prefer
gothic architecture. The City Chambers instead was built in the sport, don’t (8) ___________ the chance of visiting both Celtic and
Victorian period. All these impressive buildings have appeared in Rangers Football Clubs where they will give you a guided tour.
many Hollywood films, like World War Z and Fast & Furious 6. If However, Glasgow is not just about football. The city is often host to
you are interested in art, then (3) ___________for the collection on international athletics events like the European Championships. For
show at the Kelvingrove Art Gallery and Museum and more good those who love shopping, you’ll (9) ___________ at what Glasgow
news is that it’s all for free. To (4) ___________ around easily, take has to offer, as it’s the largest retail centre in the UK, where you can
Glasgow’s subway. It’s 120 years old, which makes it the third oldest find all the big brand names you’d expect, but (10) ___________
underground system in the world, but it still (5) ___________ well out for the many vintage stores and boutiques as well that make their
and is ideal for reaching some of the city’s favourite attractions. own merchandise. Finally, you can relax in one of Glasgow’s many
For those of you who are music lovers, Glasgow is definitely the green areas. In fact, in Gaelic the word Glasgow means ‘dear green
place for you, where about 130 live concerts are held every week! place’ and there’s no doubt about it, there are plenty of green areas to
There are special music tours organised, so that you can walk your choose from with over 90 parks and gardens.

Communication ___ 20

2 Translate the expressions in the box and use them to complete this conversation between a tourist guide and an
American tourist who wants information about a guided tour of Oxford, Stratford-Upon-Avon and the Cotswolds.

avrai l’opportunità di − sarai affascinato da − tempo libero per visite individuali − a differenza di altre gite
iniziamo la nostra giornata − avrai un sacco di tempo per − sono veramente appassionato di

Tourist So, could you give me some details about this tour?
Guide Well, (1) _________________________ at 8.00 a.m. from outside Victoria Train Station in London.
On this great tour, (2) _________________________ visit the beautiful market town of Stratford-
Upon-Avon with its historical Tudor architecture, as well as discovering the natural beauty of the
Cotswolds as we make our way to Oxford, where (3) _________________________ the famous
buildings of its university.
Tourist Well, I must admit (4) _________________________ Shakespeare and I can’t wait to find out more
about his life.
Guide Well, you’ll definitely enjoy our visit to Stratford-Upon-Avon. We’ll stay there for a couple of hours, so
(5) _________________________ viewing all the sites connected with the life of Shakespeare, like his
birthplace, school and his grave in the Holy Trinity church.
Tourist What happens after Stratford?
Guide We will drive through the Cotswolds with its breathtaking scenery and (6) ________________________
that just drive through, we will stop for photos and a walk in one of the many picturesque villages in
this area. On our way to Oxford, our guide will recommend the best places to see and once you get
there, there will be (7) _______________________ of the impressive college buildings, so everyone
can do what they want.
Tourist Well, thank you for all your help. I’ll confirm with you in a couple of days. ___ 30

Total ___ 50

322 TEST U NIT 8 | Explore the British Isles Photocopiable | Explore © ELI
 Name : _______________________________
Class : ___________ Date : _____________

TEST YOUR SKILLS

Reading comprehension
1 Read this article and answer the questions.

Slow Tourism in Wales daily routine, the chance to recharge their batteries. One simple step
local authorities can take to encourage this slow pace is to put benches in
ecent research into tourism trends in the UK suggests that, due to the tranquil areas, where people can have a seat and simply watch the world
R recession, more and more British families will choose to spend their
holidays in Britain rather than spending money on expensive long-haul
go by or admire the view.
Ludlow, in the West Midlands, borders with Wales to the west and is
flights to some exotic destination abroad. ‘Slow’ tourism seems to be top Britain’s first official Slow Town, where the philosophy is to maintain the
of the list, as it gives people the chance to get to know the place they are quality of life, highlighting the local aspects of the area that distinguish
visiting in a much calmer and relaxed way than other forms of tourism. it from others, like traditional artisan products, and making visitors feel
Slow tourism has grown out of the slow food movement that began in part of the place. However, this does not mean that tourists will have
Italy in the 1980s, to counteract the onslaught of fast-food outlets there. to do without technology; it’s just that the best of new technology goes
The more gentle nature of ‘slow’ tourism allows people to really savour hand in hand with protecting old habits. Visitors can learn about the
their holiday experience and Wales offers many fantastic opportunities. culture of the place they visit, while still doing exciting things like a
Those promoting this kind of tourism say that the visitor who normally canoe trip, sailing, or white water rafting. All of these are available in
would pack everything into one day will opt to extend their stay to a North Wales and will offer people a thrilling time. Until recently, people
few days, while those coming for a long weekend will stay even longer had a negative opinion of ‘slow’ tourism, but things are starting to take
if they follow this new trend. Wales has a wide variety of activities off as people are now realising that this kind of holiday can also offer
on offer, such as fishing, walking or shopping, which can all be done quality time with family, an aspect that is often undervalued when
without having to rush giving people, stressed out by work and their choosing a holiday destination.

1 What is the connection between slow food and ‘slow’ tourism?

2 Why does the author consider Wales an ideal destination choice for those interested in ‘slow’ tourism?
3 What has the town of Ludlow done that has earned it the title of Britain’s first official Slow Town?
4 Why have people recently changed their opinion of ‘slow’ tourism?
___ 16
Listening
2 9 You will hear a tourist guide describing a guided tour of the British Museum in London. Complete the
text with the words you hear.
This captivating visit lasts (1) _______________ and during this time, you will learn about the existence of man
and his progress through the centuries. This guided tour will explain many questions about the history of the
world and mankind, like why our ancestors chose to abandon their nomadic way of life (2) _______________.
You will be able to view objects from all over the world. The tour is available on Thursdays, Fridays and
Saturdays and starts at 2 p.m. and includes some of the museum’s (3) _______________, like the Rosetta
Stone, dating back to 196 BC. A short break is included and you can buy something to eat or drink at the
Court Café and Pizzeria. Your guide will meet you at the King Edward entrance on Montague Place. If you’re
not very familiar with London, this is the (4) _______________ and you will recognise it because there are
(5) _______________ on each side of the main door. After you have gone through the bag check, you will
meet your guide. You will be able to spot your guide no bother as he or she will be the one with the
(6) _______________. The tour will then start in the Queen Elizabeth II Great Court, at the heart of the British
Museum. This was once an open courtyard, but it is now the largest covered public square in Europe, covered
by an awesome (7) _______________. The court contains twelve sculptures from the museum collection that
introduce you to the cultures represented in the galleries you will go on to visit.
___ 14
Writing
3 In your English class, you have been talking about where to go on your next school trip and the class has
decided on London. Write a report outlining these points:
• museums to visit; • what sights should be included in the trip; • free time activities. ___ 20

Total ___ 50

Photocopiable | Explore © ELI Explore the British Isles | T EST U N I T 8 323

 Name : _______________________________
Class : ___________ Date : _____________

TEST YOUR COMPETENCES

1 Read this information about Stirling Castle and decide if the sentences are true (T) or false (F).

HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
Stirling Castle sits on a massive volcanic rock overlooking
the river Forth between the Lowlands and the Highlands
of Scotland and is of significant importance in the history
of Scotland. The first written record of the castle dates
back to 1107 when Alexander I had a chapel built on the
site. Over the centuries, it became a royal residence and a
powerful Scottish stronghold and was often the centre of
government.
It played an important role in the many civil wars
between the Scots and the English. Famous battles
like Stirling Bridge, when William Wallace and his army
trapped and defeated the much bigger English army on
the bridge, and the Battle of Bannockburn, when Robert
Bruce forced the English to surrender and give the castle back to the Scots, took place within sight of its walls.
The oldest surviving part of the castle, the North Gate was built in 1381. Over the years, various Scottish kings invested in
the castle with building projects like the Great Hall, the largest in Scotland, which was commissioned by James IV, the Chapel
Royal and the Palace of James V, which all make it one of the most important sites in Scotland. It was also home to famous
historical figures like Mary Queen of Scots and James VI. In 1617, over £13,000 was spent on works in anticipation of a visit
by James VI, who had also become James I of England.
More recently, a £2 million project was started in 2000 to create The Hunt of the Unicorn tapestries for the castle.
This project lasted 15 years with the unveiling of the last of these tapestries in 2015. Nowadays, Stirling Castle is famous
worldwide as one of Scotland’s most popular attractions among tourists and major projects have been carried out to restore
the main buildings to their previous glory.

T F
1 You can see the river Forth from the castle.
2 Scottish kings and queens never lived there.
3 The castle was used as a stronghold during the battle of Bannockburn.
4 The castle contains the largest hall in Scotland.
5 James VI and James I are the same person.
6 The tapestry project took more than fifteen years to complete.

___ 12

324 TEST U NIT 8 | Explore the British Isles Photocopiable | Explore © ELI
 Name : _______________________________
Class : ___________ Date : _____________

2 Read more information about Stirling Castle and complete the conversation between a tourist guide and a
tourist interested in visiting the castle.

GENERAL INFORMATION
Open 7 days a week
Winter 9.30 a.m. to 5 p.m.
Summer 9.30 a.m. to 6 p.m.
Standard adult ticket £14.50
Guided tours Not compulsory but highly recommended.
How to get there 10-minute walk uphill from Stirling train
station. Regular train service from Glasgow
or Edinburgh.

ATTRACTIONS
The Great Hall Banqueting hall for feasts and pageants. Completion 1503 for James IV. Four pairs of tall windows,
heated by five large fireplaces.
The Royal Palace Era of James V, 1500s. Renaissance building, completely refurbished. Childhood home of Mary Queen
of Scots. Guides in costumes of that time, recounting tales of palace. Includes royal chambers.
Stirling Tapestries Cost to weave £2, located in Queen’s inner hall, 7 in all, hand-woven.
The Chapel Royal Seven months to build, commissioned by James VI for son and heir, Prince Henry’s baptism. First
Protestant church in Scotland and last royal building in castle, 1593-4. Frieze painted by Valentine Jenkin,
1628 – depicts arrival in Scotland of new king.
The Queen Anne Gardens Peaceful, pretty on south side of the castle overlooked by Queen’s lodgings and Prince’s Tower. Beech
tree over 200 years old. After main gate, through archway then left.
The Palace Vaults Beneath the palace – fun, interactive exhibitions suitable for children. Things to discover: music and
instruments of the 1500s, creation of paints and dyes, stone carving tools and techniques, fabrics and
gems, jokes fit for kings and queens.
Castle Exhibition History of castle, wars of independence between the Scots and the English, kings James III, IV and V.
Stirling Heads Gallery Metre-wide 16th century oak medallions – carvings of kings, queens, nobles, Roman emperors,
characters from Bible and Classical mythology. Location, upper floor of palace.

Tourist What’s the best way of getting to the castle?

Guide (1) ____________________________________________________________________________.
Tourist When is it open and how much does it cost?
Guide (2) ____________________________________________________________________________.
Tourist Is there anything that might interest my ten-year-old boy?
Guide (3) ____________________________________________________________________________.
Tourist I’ve heard about the Stirling Heads. What are they exactly and where can I find them?
Guide (4) ____________________________________________________________________________.
Tourist Do I have to take a guide or can we just walk about ourselves?
Guide (5) ____________________________________________________________________________.
Tourist What about the Royal Palace? Is it worth seeing?
Guide (6) ____________________________________________________________________________.
___ 18

3 Write a report (140-190 words) about a castle or museum you are familiar with in your country, outlining its
history, characteristics and main attractions and recommend why tourists should visit it.
___ 20

Total ___ 50

Photocopiable | Explore © ELI Explore the British Isles | T EST U N I T 8 325

 TEST UNIT 9 Name : _______________________________
Explore the USA Class : ___________ Date : _____________

TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE (pp. 282-301)

1 Choose the correct option.
1 The United States does NOT border with… 6 Barack Obama…
A Alaska. A was born in Alabama.
B Canada. B was President for three terms.
C Mexico. C increased combat operations in Iraq.
D Gulf of Mexico. D introduced a healthcare reform bill.

2 When was the Declaration of Independence 7 What should a visitor to the United States
signed? NOT do?
A 4th July 1773 A Use cash and not credit cards.
B 4th July 1776 B Have a suitable adaptor for two-pronged plugs.
C 4th July 1783 C Take out travel insurance that also covers
D 4th July 1789 medical care.
D Drive on the right.
3 During the period of World War II…
A the Americans did not fight in Europe. 8 Tourists in Florida can sunbathe on…
B the Americans declared war on Russia. A Santa Monica.
C the Americans used nuclear bombs against B Venice Beach.
Japan. C South Beach.
D the Americans were allied with Germany. D Malibu.

4 Which of the following statements is NOT true 9 Tourists visiting Hawaii, who want to see tropical
of the Cold War? rainforests, should go to…
A It took place in the second half of the 20th A the Hamakua Coast.
century. B Waikiki.
B It involved the USA and the USSR. C the Puna region.
C The countries involved developed more D Punaluu.
nuclear weapons.
D It ended before the fall of the Berlin Wall. 10 Tourists who want to see the geyser ‘Old Faithful’
need to visit…
5 After the 9/11 attacks… A Death Valley.
A the USA invaded Saudi Arabia. B Yellowstone.
B the USA became allies with the Taliban. C Glacier National Park.
C the USA invaded Iraq. D Yosemite National Park.
D the USA helped Saddam Hussein to capture
Osama Bin Laden. ___ 20

326 TEST U NIT 9 | Explore the USA Photocopiable | Explore © ELI

 Name : _______________________________
Class : ___________ Date : _____________

2 Decide if these sentences are true (T) or false (F).

T F
1 The Cascade Mountains are in the states of Oregon and Washington.
2 The first English colonies were in California and Texas.
3 After the Civil War, the USA began to change from a rural nation to an urban one.
4 The Montgomery bus boycott resulted in segregation on the city’s public buses.
5 Three passenger airlines were hijacked by terrorists during the 9/11 attacks.
6 Hilary Clinton represented the same political party as Obama.
7 Florida Keys is famous for its frenetic nightlife.
8 The White House is on Capitol Hill in Washington DC.
9 The Golden Gate Bridge is in New York.
10 Hollywood is in Los Angeles.

___ 20

3 Answer these questions.

1 Explain the political system in the USA.
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
2 Explain what the main differences were between the northern and southern states that led to the civil war in
the USA.
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
3 Explain what Martin Luther King’s ‘dream’ was and who he was inspired by.
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
4 Describe Las Vegas and why it is a favourite tourist destination.
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________

___ 20

4 In your English class, you have been talking about where to go on your next school trip and the class has
decided on New York. Write a report (140-190 words), outlining these points:
• museums to visit;
• what sights should be included in the trip;
• free time activities.
___ 40

Total ___ 100

Photocopiable | Explore © ELI Explore the USA | TES T U N I T 9 327

 Name : _______________________________
Class : ___________ Date : _____________

TEST YOUR LANGUAGE

Vocabulary
1 Complete the text about the Grand Teton National Park with the words in the box. There are two extra words.

beauty − stunning − admire − extends − situated − thrilling − lodges − immerse − float − covers − trails − swim

rand Teton National Park is (1) ___________ in northwestern magical with an abundance of contrasting colours throughout the
G Wyoming and (2) ____________ an area of 310,000 acres.
(3) ______________ yourself in the (4) ______________ of this
park. However, keep in mind that the weather can be unpredictable
during this time of the year and many of the (10) _____________
protected recreational area, which includes all the major peaks of used for accommodation inside the park shut down in late
the 40-mile-long Teton Mountain Range, Jackson Lake, and part September, so you will have to arrange things in advance and book
of the valley called Jackson Hole. Look up at the glaciated, snow- into one of the gateway communities in the park.
covered Teton Range or (5) ___________ down the Snake River
on rafts. The park is full of small lakes and has several glaciers
and forests where you can (6) ______________ a wide variety of
wildlife. Spend a day doing something (7) _____________ like
horseback riding, or mountaineering, or enjoy hiking along 200
miles of (8) ___________. If you prefer a quieter experience,
you can join the many visitors who come to the park for some
of the best trout fishing in the world. Grand Teton National Park
is (9) ______________ all year round, but autumn is particularly

___ 20
Communication
2 Translate the expressions in the box and use them to complete this circular letter from an American company
specializing in Ohio River cruises.

faremo sosta in sei porti − interessanti escursioni − salpiamo da

per prenotazioni effettuate entro la fine di − intrattenimento ogni sera − bagno privato e doccia
altre strutture a bordo − la crociera dura nove giorni − ponti spaziosi − un’atmosfera più informale

Dear Sirs,
We are pleased to present our latest cruise on the Ohio River for the coming holiday season. This particular cruise
is from Louisville to Cincinnati aboard the lavish American Duchess paddlewheeler and will be available from April
to September. (1) _____________________ Louisville, KY and (2) _____________________.
(3) _____________________, such as the quiet city of Brandenburg where you can visit Fort Knox.
There are also many other (4) _____________________ which are detailed in our enclosed brochure.
The American Duchess is one of the most luxurious all-suite paddlewheelers on US rivers, and can carry up to 166
guests. Those looking for extra comfort can choose one of our unique Loft Suites with
(5) ______________________, lounge section and private balcony. This graceful vessel offers 5-star cuisine in the
beautifully elegant Grand Dining Room or, for those who prefer (6) _____________________, there is the River
Club and Terrace. (7) ______________________ are ideal for a leisurely stroll after dinner before enjoying the
(8) _____________________ of Broadway caliber. (9) _____________________ include a fitness centre, hair salon
and kids’ club.This cruise costs $1,999 per person, but there is a 15% discount (10) _____________________ April.
Please find enclosed our latest illustrated catalogue with detailed information about our cruise.
Do not hesitate to contact us if you require any further information.
Yours faithfully,
American Luxury Cruises

___ 30

Total ___ 50

328 TEST U NIT 9 | Explore the USA Photocopiable | Explore © ELI

 Name : _______________________________
Class : ___________ Date : _____________

TEST YOUR SKILLS

Reading comprehension
1 Read this article and answer the questions.

CHICAGO down with one of the 500 different

types of beer to be found at Chicago’s
cheapest hotels are downtown and
tourists can find a good deal in this
ver the last few years, tourism in ‘slashes’ which are a combination of a area. For those looking for something
O Chicago, the US’s third-largest
city, has been on the rise and now new
liquor store and bar.
For those who like music, a must is
extra special, there are also boutique
hotels that are artfully designed with
direct flights from the UK are making the Korean-Polish street food project, both modern and vintage features in the
it even more accessible as a holiday called Kimski, that organises some Logan Square area.
destination for British tourists. Visitors of the best DJ nights in the city. The In summer, tourists flock to Chicago’s
to Chicago will quickly find out that the Wicker Park area is also home to lakefront beaches where the city’s
most popular types of food to be found several music venues and record stores, buildings almost touch the sand.
on the menu are hotdogs and pizza, where tourists can enjoy in-store Montrose Beach to the north is the
but there is another less well-known performances by local bands or, if they largest where you can play beach
speciality, the Italian beef sandwich. are lucky, by even more famous singers volleyball, see sand dunes and enjoy
This sandwich was first created as an like Franz Ferdinand. a delicious plate of fish tacos while
inexpensive way of satisfying guests Chicago is also a very green city with gazing at a spectacular sunset. The
at a large Italian wedding in the 1900s. many large parks connected by a system summer season also includes the
It then arrived in Chicago in the 1930s of historic leafy boulevards. Tourists Chicago Blues Festival in June, the
and was made popular by Al’s stand can explore this area along the 606 world’s largest free blues festival. For
in the Little Italy University Village urban hiking trail, a 2.7 mile elevated the more energetic tourist, there’s the
neighbourhood. This stand has now pathway on an abandoned railway line chance to take part in the Chicago
become a food chain, but tourists can try that connects several neighbourhoods. Marathon that takes place in October
out this speciality at the original stand As far as accommodation is concerned, with some of the city’s most pleasant
on Taylor Street. This can be washed most of the city’s most popular and weather.

1 Why does the writer think that more British tourists are likely to spend their holidays in Chicago?
2 What are the origins of the Italian beef sandwich and how has it developed in Chicago?
3 How can tourists enjoy the natural scenery to be found in Chicago?
4 What special events are held in Chicago?
___ 16

Listening
2 You will hear a reporter talking about Portland, Maine in the USA. Complete this summary with the
10
words you hear.
This (1) _______________ city on the New England coast has a strong sense of (2) _______________.
Americans come in the summer to enjoy its coastline, (3) _______________ and outdoor activities. However
local residents also enjoy savouring the excellent fish and (4) _______________ to be found here in winter.
The Maine College of Art (MECA) is situated in the arts district and holds the permanent collection of Bob
Crewe, (5) _______________ and producer for the Four Seasons, while (6) _______________ are organised in
the Space Gallery. The Art Department gives local artists the chance to create and sell their products like
(7) _______________, crafts and clothing.
___ 14

Writing
3 Your school would like to organise a two-week trip around the USA. Write a report (140-190 words),
recommending what places should be included in the itinerary and what attractions they offer.

___ 20

Total ___ 50

Photocopiable | Explore © ELI Explore the USA | TES T U N I T 9 329

 Name : _______________________________
Class : ___________ Date : _____________

TEST YOUR COMPETENCES

1 Read this information about Cuyahoga Valley National Park and decide if the sentences are true (T) or
false (F).

CUYAHOGA VALLEY NATIONAL PARK

Cuyahoga Valley National Park is the only national park
situated in Northern Ohio along the Cuyahoga River
between Akron and Cleveland, covering an area of 32,572
acres of rural landscape. It is a paradise for those who love
wildlife with a huge variety of animals including raccoons,
coyotes, red foxes, deer and birds like falcons and bald
eagles.
People living in cities have been coming to this area since
the 1870s as a way of escaping the stress of urban life, but it
was only officially registered as a national park in 2000. The
park welcomes more than two million visitors every year
who can do a variety of activities like hiking, cycling, and
camping.
For those who prefer a more relaxing holiday, you can
simply enjoy sight-seeing or do some bird-watching. There
are 250 species of birds in the park, but watch out for the
snakes as there are 20 reptile species too!
The good news is that entrance to the park is free but
special organised events have to be paid for. Visitors can
walk among several different types of trees and plants
or, for the lazier ones, there’s a passenger train that takes
visitors through the park along the Towpath Trail. In the past,
this trail was used by mules that walked along it as they
pulled boats along the canal.

T F
1 Cuyahoga Valley National Park is one of the many national parks to be found in Ohio.
2 The area has been a favourite with urban dwellers for years.
3 It was recognised as a national park at the start of this century.
4 Almost two million people come to the park every year.
5 There is a wide variety of fauna and vegetation in the park.
6 A passenger train pulls boats along the canal.

___ 12

330 TEST U NIT 9 | Explore the USA Photocopiable | Explore © ELI

 Name : _______________________________
Class : ___________ Date : _____________

2 Use the information below to write a presentation about the Busch Gardens Williamsburg Theme Park.

BUSCH GARDENS THEME PARK

Location
Williamsburg,Virginia
Admission
all year, water park May to September
Cost of Day Pass
ages 10+: $77 − ages 3-9: $67
Theme
nine different European cities with unique attractions,
style and food
Top inspirations
streets of Paris, France; Oktoberfest celebration,
Germany; hamlets of Scotland
Top rides
kid-friendly rides and thrilling roller coasters
Other attractions
wild animals, shows and entertainment for the whole
family
Water Park
slides, lazy rivers, child-friendly play areas, wave pool

Appropriate for all ages

Handicap accessible
Both cameras and video cameras permitted
Restaurant and gift shop on-site

___ 18

3 Write a review (140-190 words) about a theme park you are familiar with in your country, outlining its
theme, characteristics and main attractions and recommend why tourists should visit it.

___ 20

Total ___ 50

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 OBIETTIVI MINIMI – TEST UNIT 1 Name : _______________________________
The Tourism Industry Class : ___________ Date : _____________

TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE 1 (pp. 10-19)

1 Choose the correct option.
1 Which of the following best defines a visitor? 4 In the document Tourism Towards 2030,
A A traveller whose trip lasts more than a what has UNWTO predicted?
year. A International tourism will decrease.
B A traveller whose objective is to start a B Europe and the Americas will see an
new job. increase in their share of international
C A traveller who does a trip for business, tourism.
leisure or other personal purpose. C Arrivals in emerging economies will
exceed those in advanced economies.
2 What is domestic tourism?
A When the trip involves staying as a guest 5 Which statement best defines sustainable
at somebody’s house. tourism?
B When the trip takes place within a A Its main objective is to offer holidays that
person’s country of residence. can be afforded by everybody.
C When the trip involves families and not B It aims to reduce to a minimum the
singles. negative economic, social and
environmental impacts of tourism.
3 Tourism can be said to date back to… C Its purpose is to concentrate only on the
A the end of the 18th century. present and promote tourism as much as
B the Middle Ages. possible.
C the Romans and Greeks.
___ 10

2 Answer these questions.

1 What are the most common reasons for travelling?
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
2 How did the Industrial Revolution influence tourism?
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
3 Which reasons have contributed to the continued growth of tourism to the present date?
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
4 What impact does tourism have on the economy of a country?
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
5 What disadvantages can tourism have for a country?
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________

___ 15

Total ___ 25

332 O BIETTI V I M INI MI – TES T UNI T 1 | The Tourism Industry Photocopiable | Explore © ELI
 Name : _______________________________
Class : ___________ Date : _____________

TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE 2 (pp. 20-25)

1 Choose the correct option.
1 Which statement best describes a Pro Loco? 4 A tour operator…
A It aims to stimulate tourism in Italy as A sells plane, rail and ferry tickets.
a whole and for each region. B organises travel insurance.
B It is a non-profit association run by C combines two or more travel services
volunteers to promote local traditions. offered by primary suppliers.
C It works on a regional level.
5 Expedia.com is an example of…
2 VisitBritain… A a comparison site.
A is a private company dealing with tourism. B an online travel agency.
B promotes tourism only in England. C a social media.
C is a public body funded by the government.

3 In the distribution chain for tourism

products…
A there are four main components.
B tour operators are considered as retailers.
C hotels and airlines are known as
wholesalers. ___ 10

2 Answer these questions.

1 What are the main functions of the World Tourism Organization (UNWTO)?
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
2 How does a tour operator work?
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
3 What is usually included in a package holiday?
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
4 What effect has the Internet had on the tourism industry?
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
5 How is tourism promoted in Italy?
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________

___ 15

Total ___ 25

Photocopiable | Explore © ELI The Tourism Industry | OB IE T TI V I M I N IM I – TES T U N I T 1 333

 Name : _______________________________
Class : ___________ Date : _____________

TEST YOUR LANGUAGE

Vocabulary
1 Complete the sentences with the words in the box.
provides − purpose − aimed − responsible − active

1 The US website of the National Travel and Tourism Office is _________ at creating a positive
climate for growth in US travel and tourism.
2 The Italian National Tourism Board, ENIT, is _________ in promoting Italy as a tourist
destination.
3 In the UK, the national tourism agency, VisitBritain, is _________ for promoting Britain across
the world.
4 The APT (Azienda di Promozione Turistica) _________ information for tourists regarding
itineraries and accommodation in a given area.
5 There are many international, national, regional and local agencies whose _________ is to
promote tourism.
___ 5

2 Choose the correct alternative to complete the sentences.

1 Travel agents make a commission/contract on the packages and tickets sold.
2 Nowadays, many consumers bypass/overcome intermediaries and make their own travel plans.
3 Airline passengers can now check in/check out online.
4 Expedia.com gives you the opportunity of selling/purchasing flight tickets on their site.
5 Consumers can also divide/share their personal experiences of a resort through social
networking sites.
___ 5

Communication
3 Match the expressions that mean the same.
1 Could you please a Thanks for contacting us
2 Can’t wait to see you b If you need any more information
3 We were pleased to receive your enquiry c Would you mind
4 Please find attached d We look forward to meeting you
5 If you require further details e We enclose
___ 5

4 Decide if these expressions are formal (F) or informal (I).

F I
1 We would appreciate if you could send us your latest price list.
2 Let me know if you can come.
3 Please do not hesitate to contact us.
4 Can you send me a booking form?
5 We wish to inform you that…

___ 5

334 O BIETTI V I M INI MI – TES T UNI T 1 | The Tourism Industry Photocopiable | Explore © ELI
 Name : _______________________________
Class : ___________ Date : _____________

5 Complete the email with the words in the box.

sincerely − reply − from − including − quote − could

From: Jane Mitchell, <j.mitchell@sunnytours.com>

To: Rachel Peterson, <rachel.peterson@grangelodge.com>

Date: 11 June 20..

Subject: Hotel Accommodation

Dear Ms Peterson,
(1) ____________________ you please check availability for ten double rooms
(2) ____________________ 10th to 17th August for a group of doctors who will attend
the medical conference to be held in your town? All rooms should have two single beds
and bathroom with shower.
Please (3) ____________________ your best offer (4) ____________________
breakfast and evening meal.
We look forward to your prompt (5) ____________________.
Yours (6) ___________________,
Jane Mitchell

___ 6

6 Complete the telephone conversation.

Secretary Good morning, Globetrotters Inc. How can I (1) ______________________
you?
Barbara Gordon Good morning, this is Barbara Gordon. I’d (2) ______________________
to speak to Bob Collins, please.
Secretary I’m (3) ______________________, but he’s out of the office at the moment.
Can I take a (4) ______________________?
Barbara Gordon Yes, thank you. Could you (5) ______________________ him to phone me
back as soon as possible, please?
Secretary Yes, (6) ______________________. I’ll get him to ring you as soon as
he arrives.
Barbara Gordon Thank you, goodbye.
Secretary (7) ______________________.

___ 14

Total ___ 40

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 Name : _______________________________
Class : ___________ Date : _____________

TEST YOUR SKILLS

Reading comprehension
1 Read this article and answer the questions.

Brexit and Tourism 3 The national tourism agency, VisitBritain, has

confirmed that so far, 2017 has been another
1 After Brexit, the EU referendum when Britain successful year for the tourism industry and has
decided to leave the European Union, the British registered an increase of 16% of flight bookings
currency, the sterling, became weaker against to the UK between February and April compared
the euro and the dollar. This however resulted in to the year before. This tourist boost is, they
attracting more tourists to Britain, especially from say, due primarily to the weak pound. At the
North America, who wanted to take advantage end of January 2017, for example, it was 10%
of the favourable exchange rate, with the pound cheaper for Chinese tourists to visit the UK than
dropping in value against the dollar. This drop the previous year.
meant that Americans visiting Britain paid much
less for hotels and therefore had more holiday 4 However, while the number of visitors to the
money to spend. The number of visitors from EU UK has risen, economists say that this increase
countries also increased by 8% in 2016 compared in tourism will not completely solve the general
to the previous year. trend of a slowdown on domestic spending.
Reports after the referendum suggested that
2 The British tourism minister however stressed retail sales went up as overseas visitors took
that this increase in visitors was not only due to advantage of the weak pound to purchase luxury
the weaker pound, but was also proof that Britain goods like watches and jewellery. However,
has everything the tourist wants, from vibrant British shoppers are reducing their spending
cities to stunning landscapes and many cultural as they try to cope with higher fuel prices and
attractions. Yorkshire, for example, had a record food bills that are eating into their household
476,000 visitors in the three months following the finances.
referendum, amounting to a 12% increase compared
to the same period the year before.

1 Why did more Americans want to visit Britain after Brexit?

2 What other reasons did the British tourism minister give for the increase in visitors?
3 What data does the national tourism agency, VisitBritain, have to confirm this increase in tourists?
4 Why aren’t British people spending as much as they did before?
___ 12

Listening
2 You will hear a reporter talking about the negative effects of the tourism boom on
2

Barcelona. Decide if these sentences are true (T) or false (F).

T F
1 In 2016, 9 million people stayed in hotels in Barcelona.
2 Visitors to Barcelona understand the problems that tourism is causing its residents.
3 Tourists will pay more than the local people to rent a flat in the city.
4 The local council is trying to help its residents by stopping the building of new hotels.
___ 8

Total ___ 20

336 O BIETTI V I M INI MI – TES T UNI T 1 | The Tourism Industry Photocopiable | Explore © ELI
 Name : _______________________________
Class : ___________ Date : _____________

TEST YOUR COMPETENCES

1 Read this fax to Sally Davison, a tour operator, from a travel agency asking for information
about package deals for over 60s.

Dear Sally,
As you know, our agency specialises in package holidays for the over 60s. In fact, last year,
if you remember, we managed to conclude many successful deals with you for this sector.
Therefore, could you please send me details of what special offers you have from June to
August for Italy? Please, specify flight times from Gatwick, London, to Fiumicino, Rome,
accommodation, meals and excursions included in the price. One last thing, do you have any
package holidays based on a specific theme like art or music?
I look forward to hearing from you.
Best regards,
Joan Marshall

Now complete Sally’s answer.

Dear Joan,
Thank you for your enquiry. I am pleased to inform you that this year we again have excellent
offers for the over 60s sector. Here is the (1) _________________ for holidays on offer
between (2) _________________ Italy. (3) _________________, London, at 15.00 and
arriving in Fiumicino, Rome, at 18.00 local time, on a daily basis. (4) _________________
four-star hotel in the centre of Rome. The price of 2,500 euros is based on half board for 14
nights in a double room with bathroom and of course return flight. This price also
(5) _________________ to Florence, and another one to Naples.
Unfortunately, we have no excursions with a particular theme, but I am sure that all art lovers
will appreciate the beauty of the above-mentioned cities.
I look forward to hearing from you.
Best regards,
Sally Davison

___ 20

2 Translate these sentences into Italian.

1 People travel for many reasons: for leisure, business or to visit friends and relatives.
2 The huge road network built by the Romans enabled them to travel with ease.
3 During the Renaissance, people went on religious pilgrimages and needed services like food and
a place to sleep.
4 During the Industrial Revolution, the middle classes in England took short breaks for health
reasons and went to spas and seaside towns.
5 International travel suddenly became more widespread in the 1970s when people could reach
far-flung parts by plane.
___ 20

Total ___ 40

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 OBIETTIVI MINIMI – TEST UNIT 2 Name : _______________________________
Marketing and Promotion Class : ___________ Date : _____________

TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE 1 (pp. 44-47)

1 Choose the correct option.
1 Which market segmentation examines 4 In the life cycle of a tourist destination,
lifestyle in the tourism and hospitality when are there few visitors and high costs
industry? for tourists?
A demographic A during exploration
B geographic B during decline
C psychographic C during development

2 What are the 4 Ps? 5 During the development stage of the life
A price, place, profit and promotion cycle of a tourist destination…
B product, profit, promotion and place A local people start to provide facilities for
C product, price, place and promotion tourists.
B competition increases and prices begin to
3 In the tourism and hospitality sector, fall.
a product is… C the market share is maintained but with
A something that can be possessed. little or no growth.
B something perishable and intangible.
C something that can be touched.
___ 10

2 Answer these questions.

1 How can marketing help the tourism and hospitality sector?
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
2 What are the four elements of the marketing mix?
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
3 What are the key issues examined in a SWOT analysis?
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
4 How can a SWOT analysis be useful in the tourism and hospitality sector?
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
5 What choices can be made at the decline/rejuvenation stage in the life cycle of a tourist
destination?
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________

___ 15

Total ___ 25

338 O BIETTI V I M INI MI – TES T UNI T 2 | Marketing and Promotion Photocopiable | Explore © ELI
 Name : _______________________________
Class : ___________ Date : _____________

TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE 2 (pp. 48-53)

1 Choose the correct option.
1 In market research, primary data… 4 Billboards are an example of…
A is also known as desk research. A advertising through print.
B is collected directly from customers. B digital advertising.
C is a cheap and quick source of information. C outdoor advertising.

2 A pie chart… 5 Trade fairs…

A shows trends or slight changes over a A help businesses and organisations to stay
period of time. updated on industry trends.
B contains numerical data in columns and rows. B are involved with major events like the
C shows parts of a whole but not changes Olympics.
over time. C give companies money to help with
promotion.
3 Promotional activities can be divided into…
A two categories.
B three categories.
C four categories.
___ 10

2 Answer these questions.

1 What is market research?
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
2 What tables and charts are used in presenting data analysis?
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
3 What do you need to think about when creating an advertising campaign?
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
4 What does point-of-sale material consist of?
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
5 What are loyalty incentives?
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
___ 15

Total ___ 25

Photocopiable | Explore © ELI Marketing and Promotion | OB IE T TI V I M I N IM I – TES T U N I T 2 339

 Name : _______________________________
Class : ___________ Date : _____________

TEST YOUR LANGUAGE

Vocabulary
1 Transform each verb into a noun.
1 grow ______________________
2 compete ______________________
3 analyse ______________________
4 organise ______________________
5 decide ______________________
___ 5

2 Match the best adjectives to describe the noun.

1 trendy, modern, vibrant a food
2 fine, golden, sandy b weather
3 delicious, hot, home-made c beach
4 wonderful, spectacular, stunning d city
5 terrible, freezing, miserable e view
___ 5

3 Complete the sentences with the words in the box.

sources − target − chain − resort − customers

1 One of the first things to understand through marketing is the _________ market.
2 Market segmentation classifies _________ into subgroups.
3 During its life cycle, a tourist _________ can gain or lose popularity.
4 Market research collects data from various _________.
5 A _________ of hotels will use B2B to promote itself to a travel agency.

___ 5

Communication
4 Choose the correct alternative to complete this paragraph about advertising.

Adverts (1) catch/take our attention by the skilful use of (2) imagination/images and language.
The (3) number/amount and style of the words used depends on the type of advert and the
media it is (4) designed/drawn for. A tour (5) operator/agency might use a slogan or tagline and
a picture to promote the company. Instead, an ad that wants to promote a specific destination
or package deal will have a longer text with more details.

___ 5

340 O BIETTI V I M INI MI – TES T UNI T 2 | Marketing and Promotion Photocopiable | Explore © ELI
 Name : _______________________________
Class : ___________ Date : _____________

5 Complete this circular letter from a tour operator with the expressions in the box.
we are pleased − all bookings made − the ideal place
thrilling and safe − forthcoming summer season − come up with

Dear Travel Agent,

Are your clients tired of the usual seaside holiday resorts in Spain and Greece? Well, this year
we have (1) ________________ something quite different that should satisfy the needs of
your more adventurous clients. For those who are ready for the challenge of learning a variety
of water sports, Sardinia is (2) ________________ to propose.
On this beautiful island with crystal-clear waters, your clients will find everything they need from
catamarans to canoes and pedalos. Sardinia is also a paradise for windsurfers and sailors.
For the more adventurous, there is water skiing, jet skiing and diving which are both
(3) ________________ as Sardinia’s seabed is free of rocks.
As you are aware, our company, Sun and Sea Travel, has over 20 years’ experience in summer
holidays, so (4) ________________ to add this adventure holiday in Sardinia to our extensive
list of resorts in Italy for the (5) ________________, from June to September. One week, B&B
comes in at the reasonable price of £600 including all sports facilities and ferry costs. We are
also offering a 15% discount for (6) ________________ before the end of November.
Enclosed you will find our extensive brochure, but please do not hesitate to contact us for any
further details you may require.
Looking forward to hearing from you,
Kindest regards,
James Hartfield
Sun and Sea Travel

___ 6

6 Now, complete the telephone conversation from Mr Jones, a travel agent who has received
the circular letter above, to Mr Hartfield.
Mr Jones Good morning, (1) ________________ Mr Jones, (2) ________________
I speak to Mr James Hartfield, please?
Mr Hartfield (3) ________________! What can I (4) ________________, Mr Jones?
Mr Jones Well, I am (5) ________________ in your Sardinia adventure holiday. In your
letter, the price quoted includes ferry costs but some of my clients would rather
travel by plane. Therefore, could you quote me (6) ________________ including
air travel?
Mr Hartfield Of course, Mr Jones. I will (7) ________________ you our quote by email today.
Mr Jones Thank you very much, goodbye.
Mr Hartfield Thank you, goodbye.
___ 14

Total ___ 40

Photocopiable | Explore © ELI Marketing and Promotion | OB IE T TI V I M I N IM I – TES T U N I T 2 341

 Name : _______________________________
Class : ___________ Date : _____________

TEST YOUR SKILLS

Reading comprehension
1 Read this article and answer the questions.

Ad-blocking 3 However, not everything we share online is

advertising. Many people who post comments or
1 Nowadays, it’s difficult to understand what is pictures of their holidays on social networks just do
advertising and what isn’t on the Internet, even in it for the fun of it. There is also another marketing
the tourism sector. We often find ourselves reading strategy, called ‘native advertising’, where news
an article or watching a video about a holiday organisations personally create adverts for business
destination without realising that it is actually a form partners, like tour operators, and include them on
of advertising, because a company has presented or their website without actually saying that they are
sponsored it. We also find all kinds of travel ads that adverts. This means that even expert consumers
we don’t particularly want to see on our smartphones. can’t always tell what is an advert and what isn’t.
So what can we do? Well, we can install ad-blockers
to avoid waiting ages for a webpage about a resort to 4 However, sometimes we make the wrong choices
appear because it is slowed down by ads from other that lead us to interact with advertising without
servers, but this doesn’t solve the problem completely. realising it. For example, many of us will put up with
constant ads, often about cheap flights, just to see a
2 Ad and marketing people now have a new way film for free or listen to music without paying for it.
of advertising everything from hotels to weekend There may also be times though, when we are quite
breaks called ‘content marketing’ and we are actually happy to show our appreciation of a hotel or holiday
the ones that help them. How do they do it? Well, resort on a social network, so our ‘like’ does not just
advertisers produce a ‘viral’ video, about a spa for give an advantage to the advertiser but satisfies us
example, that very cleverly hides the fact that it’s a as well. Therefore, advertising plays an important
form of advertising. Then they sit back and simply wait role in the tourism industry and it’s quite natural
for us to do the job of ‘sharing’ this travel news with for us nowadays to share our experiences even if
all our friends! This in jargon is called ‘unsponsored this means making the advertiser’s life easier.
word of mouth’.

1 Why does the writer suggest installing ad-blockers?

2 What is ‘content marketing’?
3 What is ‘native marketing’?
4 What examples does the writer give of times when we interact with advertising unconsciously?
___ 12
Listening
2 You will hear a travel operator talking about Sicily as a holiday destination.
3

Decide if these sentences are true (T) or false (F).

T F
1 Sicily has something for all your senses to enjoy.
2 You can’t see the market in Syracuse in the morning.
3 Oysters are considered street food in Syracuse.
4 Local people don’t go to the same beach as tourists.

___ 8

Total ___ 20

342 O BIETTI V I M INI MI – TES T UNI T 2 | Marketing and Promotion Photocopiable | Explore © ELI
 Name : _______________________________
Class : ___________ Date : _____________

TEST YOUR COMPETENCES

1 You work for a company that organises English language courses. You receive a phone call
from an Italian school interested in taking a group of students on a study holiday to London.
The head teacher of the school, Mrs Rinaldi, wants to know details about your offer.
Complete the telephone conversation between you and Mrs Rinaldi.

Mrs Rinaldi Good morning, this is Mrs Rinaldi from Liceo S. Agostino, Rome. I’d like some
information about your English language courses in July. I have a group of 20 boys
and girls, who are seventeen, and I would like to spend two weeks in London.
You Well, I think we have just (1) _____________ for. We have an excellent school in
the heart of London with (2) _____________ language labs, canteen, outdoor
tennis courts, an indoor swimming pool and a computer room with free Wi-Fi.
Mrs Rinaldi That sounds super, just what I’m looking for. What about the courses, are they all day?
You There are 15 students to each class and lessons are from 9.00 to 11.45 a.m. During
the lessons, the students will have the chance of doing group work and preparing
presentations for the rest of the class.
Mrs Rinaldi Perfect! And what about accommodation?
You The students will stay with families, who all live near the school, so that they can get
there on foot. Each family takes two students who will share (3) _____________
and have their evening meal with the family.
Mrs Rinaldi Excellent! What about travel arrangements? Are there any (4) _____________
Rome? And are there any special offers for students under 18?
You Yes, you will fly directly from Rome to London Gatwick, where a coach will pick you
up to take you to the school. Our price of 1,200 euros includes everything already
mentioned plus two excursions during your stay. This price has (5) _____________
by 20% since your students are all under 18.
Mrs Rinaldi Well thank you for all the information and I’ll let you know as soon as possible.
Goodbye. ___ 20

2 Translate these sentences into Italian.

1 We have to promote our town to American clients who love the culture of our country.
_______________________________________________________________________
2 This special offer will be available only until the end of the month so hurry up and don’t miss
this opportunity.
_______________________________________________________________________
3 We are delighted to inform you that this year we have added another two fabulous destinations
to offer to your customers.
_______________________________________________________________________
4 As you can see, our prices are very reasonable and also include two half-day excursions.
_______________________________________________________________________
5 Have you got a business card so I can send you further details of our proposals for the
forthcoming season?
_______________________________________________________________________
___ 20

Total ___ 40

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 OBIETTIVI MINIMI – TEST UNIT 3 Name : _______________________________
Working in Tourism Class : ___________ Date : _____________

TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE 1 (pp. 68-73)

1 Choose the correct option.
1 If you wish to continue your studies in the 4 If you become a digital marketing manager,
tourism and hospitality industry, you… you…
A can attend a course run by the local A need to be interested in travelling a lot
authorities. for your job.
B have to study archaeology as part of B have to work in direct contact with the
your course. public.
C can only do a postgraduate degree C need to be creative with lots of ideas.
course.
5 If you work at a Tourist Information Centre,
2 The bachelor’s degree programme offered at you have to…
the Cornell School of Hotel Administration… A answer customer queries.
A does not include marketing on its course. B book package holidays for customers.
B includes 800 hours of work experience. C take tourists around the city.
C is only open to students from the USA.

3 In the tourism and hospitality industry…

A employees don’t need any particular skills.
B employees have direct contact with customers
even if they work behind-the-scenes.
C employees need to be able to work in a team.
___ 10

2 Answer these questions.

1 Why is customer service important in the tourism and hospitality industry?
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
2 What must you do if you are a guide?
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
3 What are the disadvantages of working as a guide?
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
4 What skills do you need to work in a Tourist Information Centre?
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
5 What skills do you need to work in a travel agency?
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________

___ 15

Total ___ 25

344 O BIETTI V I M INI MI – TES T UNI T 3 | Working in Tourism Photocopiable | Explore © ELI
 Name : _______________________________
Class : ___________ Date : _____________

TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE 2 (pp. 74-79)

1 Choose the correct option.
1 As a front desk clerk in a hotel, you will be 4 To be a flight attendant…
expected to… A you don’t need any particular type of
A deal with purchasing orders. training.
B change the bed linen and towels. B you don’t have to have any particular
C issue keys or pass cards. certificates.
C you must look smart at all times.
2 A room attendant…
A has limited contact with guests. 5 The job entitled social host can only be
B requires a lot of experience. found…
C cannot find employment for a temporary A on a cruise ship.
period. B on an aircraft.
C in a resort.
3 A holiday rep…
A needs to have an in-depth knowledge of
the resort.
B doesn’t have to work with children.
C doesn’t have to pick up guests at the
airport.
___ 10

2 Answer these questions.

1 What qualifications do you need to be a receptionist in a hotel?
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
2 What negative aspects are there in a job as a holiday rep?
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
3 What kind of practical and social skills do you need to be an entertainer in a resort?
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
4 What kind of job opportunities can be found on a cruise ship?
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
5 What are the negative aspects of working on a ship?
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________

___ 15

Total ___ 25

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 Name : _______________________________
Class : ___________ Date : _____________

TEST YOUR LANGUAGE

Vocabulary
1 Complete the sentences with the words in the box.
charge − knowledge − skills − features − prospects

1 At university, you will learn about the _________________ and challenges of the tourism and
hospitality industry.
2 At the end of your degree course, you will have a range of _________________ that can be
applied to many different managerial and entrepreneurial roles.
3 The tourism sector, which is in constant growth, offers many job opportunities and career
_________________.
4 A guide has to take _________________ of a group, organising and controlling it.
5 The majority of people working in the tourism and hospitality industry must have an excellent
_________________ of English.
___ 5

2 Match the two halves to make sentences about what is expected of you in various jobs in the
tourism and hospitality industry.
1 carry out a social media accounts
2 handle b to the success of holidays taken every year
3 cope c calm in an emergency
4 remain d with pressure, sales targets and long hours
5 contribute e the safety demonstration

___ 5

Grammar
3 Complete the sentences with the past simple, present perfect simple or present perfect
continuous of the verbs in brackets.
1 I _________________ (work) in the tourism and hospitality industry for the last five years.
2 During my work placement in Brighton, last year, I _________________ (improve) my English
speaking skills.
3 Sara _________________ (look for) a job for the last two months but without any success.
4 _________________ you ever _________________ (book) a hotel online?
5 Martin _________________ (be) abroad on business three times this month.

___ 5

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 Name : _______________________________
Class : ___________ Date : _____________

Communication
4 Match the information to be included in a Europass CV with the correct heading.
1 Degree in Tourism Management and Marketing a Work experience
2 English b Personal skills and competences
3 Back office administration assistant c Personal information
4 Female d Education and training
5 Excellent ability at organising workload e Other skills and competences
___ 5

5 Complete the job advertisement with the expressions in the box.

working as part of − fluency in − are seeking − informing them
efficiently and − a wide range

Job title: Resort Entertainer

Job type: Seasonal
We (1) _____________ young, dynamic people who are
interested in (2) _____________ a team at our holiday resort
in Puglia. This exciting job entails (3) _____________ of tasks,
which should be carried out (4) _____________ promptly.
You will be responsible for keeping the guests happy and
(5) _____________ of the entertainment programme for each
day. (6) _____________ English is necessary as many of our
clients come from abroad.

___ 6

6 Now, complete this letter of application in response to the job advertisement above.
In response to your (1) _____________ in the local newspaper dated 3rd April, I would like
to apply for the post of entertainer for your (2) _____________ in Puglia. After finishing
university, where I obtained a (3) _____________ in Tourism and Hospitality Management,
I was offered a work (4) _____________ in summer camps for school children, run by the local
authorities in my town last year. Here I (5) _____________ to lead activities and make sure
that the children had fun. I would welcome the opportunity to give you further
(6) _____________ should you decide to call me for an (7) _____________.
Yours faithfully,
Katie Sanders

___ 14

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 Name : _______________________________
Class : ___________ Date : _____________

TEST YOUR SKILLS

Reading comprehension
1 Read this article and answer the questions.

Productivity in Hospitality and Tourism skills are a serious problem that directly affects
the performance of staff and their wish to remain
1 The hospitality and tourism sector currently with the company. They must teach managers how
contributes £53 billion to the UK economy, to motivate and keep staff effectively by running
an increase of 52% since 2008. However, specific training courses on dealing with personnel.
manufacturing, transport and retail sectors
all contribute more to the economy and more 3 Unfortunately, many people believe that the
importantly, people working in these sectors tourism industry only offers low paid and low skilled
usually remain much longer than those working jobs, so employers are trying to change this opinion
in tourism. In fact, surveys indicate that by 2024, by offering graduates top managerial positions and
the sector will require another 1.3 million people, higher-level apprenticeships for those looking for
with more than half of these needed to replace a job straight after school. The tourism industry
staff who choose to give up their jobs in this field. is also showing more interest in older workers,
Therefore, one of the main objectives is to find women who want to go back to work after having a
ways of convincing people employed in tourism family, and staff from other sectors.
and hospitality to stay, as currently, 75% of staff
decide to abandon their jobs. 4 Many businesses in this sector are also
examining the possibility of redesigning jobs to
2 One of the first steps to improving this situation increase efficiency and flexibility through new
is to find staff who will stay in the business, so technological devices that involve the customer
more time is needed for interviews to find the as well. They also want to start keeping records
most suitable person not only for the specific on the reasons why employees leave the tourism
job in question, but also with a real interest in industry for other jobs, in order to understand how
making a career in tourism. Many businesses in they can improve work conditions and make their
tourism now also realise that poor management job offers more attractive.

1 What is one of the main objectives of the hospitality and tourism sector?
2 What must managers in this sector learn?
3 What are employers doing to attract graduates to working in tourism?
4 Why do they want to keep records on why employees leave their jobs?
___ 12

Listening
2 You will hear a tour director talking about the advantages and disadvantages of her job.
4

Decide if these sentences are true (T) or false (F).

T F
1 A tour director needs to know a lot about history and culture.
2 In this kind of job, every day is the same.
3 Most tour directors are employed by a company.
4 You sometimes cannot go home for weeks.

___ 8

Total ___ 20

348 O BIETTI V I M INI MI – TES T UNI T 3 | Working in Tourism Photocopiable | Explore © ELI
 Name : _______________________________
Class : ___________ Date : _____________

TEST YOUR COMPETENCES

1 You have seen this advertisement for a summer job with a local tourist operator.

TOURING AND CULTURE

We are looking for young dynamic people as tourist guides for local cultural attractions.
No previous experience required.
Good knowledge of local area and English essential.
Contact Sara Wilson, Touring and Culture, P.O. Box 32, Rome, Italy

Complete this covering letter to send with your CV.

Dear Ms Wilson,
I am interested in working as a (1) _______________ attractions (2) _______________ in the
local newspaper last week. I have just finished high school, where I did a 5-year course in
Tourism and I have studied (3) _______________ and French for eight years.
I also have a (4) _______________ my local area, as I have lived here all my life. I am 18 years
old and I am considered friendly and dynamic, so I feel I (5) _______________ ideal for this
kind of job, as I love meeting new people.
I enclose my CV from which you can see that for the last 2 years I have worked with children___in20
summer camps run by our local council.
I look forward to hearing from you and I would be happy to come for an interview at any time.
Yours sincerely,
___ 20

2 Translate this job interview into Italian.

A Good morning, please take a seat. Well Francesco, first of all, tell me about yourself.
B Well, I’m nineteen years old and I have just finished high school for catering, where I specialized in
cooking.
A Ah, good, and do you have any working experience in our sector?
B Well, since third year high school I have worked in local restaurants where I had to help in the kitchen.
A And what were your duties?
B At first they only made me wash and cut up vegetables, then they started getting me to do some
more interesting things like making different sauces and some second courses. Ah, and I can also
make homemade pasta, but it was my grandmother that taught me to do this.
A And, in your opinion, what are your strengths and weaknesses?
B In my opinion, my best quality is patience, because I think you need to be very patient both with the
people you work with and with the type of job I would like to do — in the kitchen it takes time to
make sure that a dish comes out well. As a weakness, however, maybe I’m a bit shy.
A Well, Francesco, thank you for the moment and we will let you know our decision as soon as possible.
B Thanks for having given me this opportunity, good morning.
___ 20

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 OBIETTIVI MINIMI – TEST UNIT 4 Name : _______________________________
Motivations and Destinations Class : ___________ Date : _____________

TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE 1 (pp. 98-104)

1 Choose the correct option.
1 What category of travellers does MICE 3 Which of the following best describes the
refer to? purpose of a conference?
A Those travelling for leisure. A It’s a good way to gather together employees
B Those travelling for professional from different divisions or areas.
reasons. B It’s an opportunity for a company to show
C Those travelling to visit friends or their products to the public and the press.
relatives. C It’s an opportunity to discuss new
strategies with people working in the same
2 What is meant by ‘incentive travel’? company or industry.
A Employees are sent on courses to improve
their abilities. 4 What does VFR stand for in the tourism
B Companies offer employees a discount industry?
on travelling expenses. A Visiting friendly resorts.
C Companies reward employees with a B Visiting friends and relatives.
trip for their past performance. C Visiting fjords and rivers.

5 What sector should you choose if you wish

to do a cookery course?
A agritourism in Italy
B farm holidays in the UK
C a safari in Tanzania
___ 10

2 Answer these questions.

1 What are the characteristics of business tourism?
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
2 What are the differences between niche and mass tourism?
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
3 What is meant by ‘ecotourism’?
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
4 What role do tour operators and wedding planners play in the organisation of a destination wedding?
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
5 What kind of people would choose adventure tourism?
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________

___ 15

Total ___ 25

350 O BIETTI V I M INI MI – TES T UNI T 4 | Motivations and Destinations Photocopiable | Explore © ELI
 Name : _______________________________
Class : ___________ Date : _____________

TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE 2 (pp. 105-113)

1 Choose the correct option.
1 Music and screen tourism… 3 Why do tourists choose the Maldives as a
A offers the tourist the chance of meeting a tourist destination?
famous singer or actor. A To do scuba diving and snorkelling in the
B offers the tourist the chance of visiting the lagoons.
locations where music legends lived. B To visit a famous waterfall.
C gives the tourist the opportunity of C To do white water rafting.
watching a film being shot.
4 Which of the following can be considered a
2 Which statement best describes religious purpose-built attraction?
tourism? A Legoland in Denmark
A It is one of the most recent forms of B the Basilica of Saint Francis of Assisi
tourism in the world. C the Opera House in Sydney
B Tourists are only informed of religious
aspects during the tour. 5 Which of the following could NOT be
C This sector is expected to grow in the included in UNESCO’s Intangible Cultural
future. Heritage list?
A a puppet theatre
B an area of exceptional natural beauty
C pastoral songs
___ 10

2 Answer these questions.

1 How has medical tourism changed over the past few years?
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
2 What is meant by ‘wellness tourism’?
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
3 What do tourists consider when choosing a holiday destination?
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
4 Why is the Serengeti National Park in Tanzania a famous tourist attraction?
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
5 What is a temperate climate?
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________

___ 15

Total ___ 25

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 Name : _______________________________
Class : ___________ Date : _____________

TEST YOUR LANGUAGE

Vocabulary
1 Match the words with their synonyms.
1 leisure a portion
2 segment b free time
3 boost c extremely large
4 huge d provide what is needed
5 cater e help or increase
___ 5

2 Choose the correct alternative to complete the sentences.

1 On a safari, you can sit outside a lodge in the evening and watch the sunset/sunrise.
2 Marine tourism gives you the chance to combine/capture recreational activities with study and
research.
3 On a working ranch holiday, tourists can take/join part in agricultural and livestock activities.
4 In agritourism, tourists can appreciate the beauty and products of the earth/land.
5 A tourist can enjoy a food tour/journey on foot around a city or town that lasts about two hours.
___ 5

Grammar
3 Complete the paragraph about New England with the, a or an.

New England is located in (1) _________ northeast corner of (2) _________ USA. It is made up of
six different states: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island and Vermont.
New England has four distinct seasons and is (3) _________ all-year-round destination.
(4) _________ most popular season is autumn or ‘fall’, as they say in this part of the world.
During this period you can admire (5) _________ lot of different colours from reds to golds,
oranges and yellows.

___ 5

Communication
4 Complete the paragraph about how to present a destination with the words in the box.
highlighting − aspects − attractive − symbols − users

A good tourism website has to be as (1) _________ as possible. This can be achieved by
(2) _________ the most important (3) _________ of interest to the target audience.
(4) _________ are also a good idea to make it easy for (5) _________ to navigate quickly to
their specific area of interest.

___ 5

352 O BIETTI V I M INI MI – TES T UNI T 4 | Motivations and Destinations Photocopiable | Explore © ELI
 Name : _______________________________
Class : ___________ Date : _____________

5 Match the two halves to make sentences you would find in a destination description.
1 It is ideal a are home to a variety of wildlife.
2 It attracts those interested b back to the 17th century.
3 It is really worth c for its historical town centre.
4 It is well known d for nature enthusiasts.
5 It dates e visiting the 18th century castle.
6 The unspoilt woods f in local history.
___ 6

6 Complete this descriptive text of the British Museum in London.

The British Museum is

(1) _______________ in the
Bloomsbury area of London.
The museum (2) _______________
one of the largest permanent
collections in the world that illustrates
the history of human culture.
The museum is easily
(3) _______________ by tube
or bus and (4) _______________
is free which is good news for all
those art lovers who usually can’t
afford to visit places like these.
It is open (5) _______________
from 10 a.m. to 5.30 p.m. and
it is (6) _______________ to
see a wide (7) _______________
of works of art from all over the
world.

___ 14

Total ___ 40

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 Name : _______________________________
Class : ___________ Date : _____________

TEST YOUR SKILLS

Reading comprehension
1 Read this article and answer the questions.

HOMELESS TOURISM 3 However, homeless tourism isn’t just available

in Prague. Now you can find homeless guides in
1 There’s a new trend in many big cities from Los other European capitals like Berlin, Copenhagen,
Angeles to Prague. You can see the darker side of Athens and Edinburgh. In London, if you’re a
the city with a guide who is a homeless person. music fan, you can go on a special theme tour
Your homeless guide will take you on a tour of his of Camden and learn all about rock’n’roll from
or her favourite places and you’ll see what life is an ex music manager, who thanks to this new
like living on the streets. Here there are no fancy job is no longer homeless. This trend has also
coaches but you’ll use public transport, like trams arrived in the US. In Los Angeles, for example, a
or buses, to reach the limits of the city and there’ll group of young people pay $75 each so that their
be a lot of walking down dark streets too. homeless guide can spend a day and a night in a
charity hostel.
2 This idea was first started in 2012 by two civil
studies students in Prague as a way of giving 4 The strange thing is that these tours are
homeless people a job. The other important becoming popular while many big cities are trying
purpose of this project is to show people what it’s to stop homeless people filling their streets as the
really like to live on the streets, in the hope that authorities feel that they ruin the image of the
they’ll try and help in some way after this unusual city. So can these tours help you find out how the
experience. Prague has eight homeless guides who other half lives? The two students from Prague
do tours lasting two hours. As you walk about the are convinced they can, but the big question is if
streets, you can learn about local traditions and they can make any lasting change in the lives of
your guide’s personal experience. Some guides the people involved. At least this project puts a
have become so popular that people have started little money in the pockets of those people who
leaving presents for them long after the tour has do not receive any money from the government.
finished.

1 What new kind of tourism is now available in some cities?

2 What was this kind of tourism started?
3 What does London offer in this kind of tourism?
4 What does the writer think about this project?
___ 12

Listening
2 You will hear a reporter talking about ecotourism in Costa Rica. Decide if these
5

sentences are true (T) or false (F).

T F
1 The Costa Rican government has been involved in wildlife conservation for years.
2 Nowadays local businesses organise gold-digging tours.
3 Ecotourism didn’t start in the 1970s.
4 It’s better not to swim in the Pacific Ocean because there are sharks.

___ 8

Total ___ 20

354 O BIETTI V I M INI MI – TES T UNI T 4 | Motivations and Destinations Photocopiable | Explore © ELI
 Name : _______________________________
Class : ___________ Date : _____________

TEST YOUR COMPETENCES

1 You have received this enquiry from Mr Dawson in Edinburgh, Scotland.
We are a Scottish travel agent specialising in group tours and we are interested in increasing our tours in Italy.
Having seen your website, we would like to include your Rome/Sorrento itinerary in our tours. We would be
grateful if you could let us know if you can accept bookings for groups of twenty or more and the discount you
can apply. Could you also send us some information about the most important sights included in the trip?
I look forward to receiving your reply, James Dawson
FlyHigh Travel

Complete this reply to Mr Dawson’s letter of enquiry.

Dear Mr Dawson, along the Amalfi coast, with a stop at Positano for
Thank you (1) ______________ about our Rome/ lunch. There is also an optional day trip to Capri, but
Sorrento itinerary. We are delighted to inform you this is not (4) ______________ of the tour.
that we accept bookings for groups up to forty. We This package is available from May to September and
(2) ______________ a 10% discount for groups up the total cost of 2,300 euros includes half-board in
to twenty, and a further 10% discount for groups both hotels and the excursions mentioned, except
above this number. This two-centre holiday includes Capri. A guide will accompany your clients throughout
four days in Rome, where your clients will have the their stay, and will be (5) ________________ with
opportunity to see all the (3) ______________ the interesting historical and cultural facts about the
Colosseum, the Trevi Fountain and Piazza Navona. places they will visit. Enclosed, you will find our
Accommodation is in a four-star hotel in a quiet brochure with further information, but please do not
position on a hill overlooking the city. Your clients will hesitate to contact us if you have any other queries.
then spend the remaining four days in Sorrento, Yours sincerely,
where they will have the chance to explore Naples Maria Volponi
one afternoon, and also to enjoy a day excursion Italian Tours
___ 20

2 Translate into Italian this phone enquiry between Sonya Palombo and Heather Macpherson
at the tourist information office in Glasgow, Scotland.
Sonya Good morning, I’m calling for some information about a holiday in your city.
Heather Certainly, are you interested in hotels or cheaper options?
Sonya Well, since I’m a student, I’d prefer accommodation which isn’t too expensive, but still
near as possible to the centre because I’ll need to use public transport to get around.
Heather How many nights are you going to stay?
Sonya Five, I think, then I’d like to tour up north. I’ve never been to Scotland and I’d like to see
as much as possible.
Heather Of course, in that case I think the best option for you is hostels. They’re comfortable and
don’t cost much and they’re all over Scotland.
Sonya Great! And what’s the best period to visit your country?
Heather To be honest, if we’re talking about the weather, there’s never a period when good
weather is guaranteed, not even in summer, but if you want to see something really
spectacular, I advise you to come in August when there’s the Edinburgh Festival.
Would you like me to send you further information? ___ 20
Sonya That would be great. Here’s my address.
Total ___ 40

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 OBIETTIVI MINIMI – TEST UNIT 5 Name : _______________________________
Transport Class : ___________ Date : _____________

TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE 1 (pp. 130-137)

1 Choose the correct option.
1 Tourist visas… 4 Passengers travelling in Premium
A are used in some countries instead of a Economy…
passport. A will have wide reclining seats with good leg
B are issued by the local police. room.
C are usually valid between 30 and 90 days. B will be able to order a free snack at any
time.
2 When travelling abroad, … C will have a seat that turns into a bed.
A you can get local currency at the post
office. 5 When do you pass through customs at an
B you cannot use your credit card to airport?
withdraw money from an ATM machine. A Before going through security.
C Euros are accepted worldwide. B After baggage reclaim.
C Before going through immigration.
3 Someone travelling between London and
Melbourne will take…
A a domestic flight.
B a long-haul flight.
C a short-haul flight.
___ 10

2 Answer these questions.

1 What kind of travel insurance and what kind of policies are available on the market?
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
2 How does Business class differ from Economy class on board an aircraft?
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
3 Who is an open jaw air ticket suitable for?
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
4 What services and facilities are available at an international airport?
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
5 What is the procedure to follow at an airport before boarding a flight?
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________

___ 15

Total ___ 25

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 Name : _______________________________
Class : ___________ Date : _____________

TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE 2 (pp. 138-145)

1 Choose the correct option.
1 Intercity trains… 4 In the 1970s cruises…
A run at peak times for people travelling A were popular with couples with young
into cities for work. children.
B run on a specific track to go faster than B could only be afforded by the upper
other trains. classes.
C do not do intermediate stops between C attracted young people in search of a new
major cities. experience.

2 Coach travel… 5 Cruise ships are often called…

A is only used for domestic routes. A floating cities.
B is a common choice for private hire by B floating resorts.
travel agents. C floating hotels.
C has limited luggage space.

3 If you hire a car, …

A you have to be 21 or over.
B a sat nav is included in the basic price.
C a SUV is not usually an option to choose
from.
___ 10

2 Answer these questions.

1 What are the advantages and disadvantages of travelling by coach?
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
2 What different types of water transport are available?
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
3 What are the most popular cruises available on the market nowadays?
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
4 What are the disadvantages of travelling by car?
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
5 What are the advantages of travelling by rail?
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________

___ 15

Total ___ 25

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 Name : _______________________________
Class : ___________ Date : _____________

TEST YOUR LANGUAGE

Vocabulary
1 Transform each verb into a noun.
1 extend _______________________
2 insure _______________________
3 cancel _______________________
4 treat _______________________
5 choose _______________________
___ 5

2 Match the two halves to make sentences about different types of transport used in tourism.
1 With connecting flights a only the departure date is fixed.
2 Airlines offer the maximum luxury to b make changes after booking without any penalty.
3 If you purchase an open ticket, c purchasing a non-refundable, advance ticket.
4 Flexible tickets allow you to d passengers have to disembark and take another flight.
5 Rail travel can be affordable by e passengers travelling first class.
___ 5

Grammar
3 Choose the correct alternative to complete the sentences.
1 The tour operator, which/whose coach tours are especially popular with the elderly, has
excellent facilities to make the journey as comfortable as possible.
2 Our company has been operating in the tourism sector since/for 2003.
3 Unfortunately there are no flights that leave early enough in/on the morning to get us to
London on time for our connecting flight.
4 In our hotel, dinner is served between/from 19.30 and 21.30.
5 We wish/like to confirm your booking for three nights in our luxury suite.
___ 5

Communication
4 Put the sentences into the correct order in this letter of enquiry (1-5).
Dear Mr Palmers,
a Thank you in advance for your cooperation and I look forward to hearing from you.
b I would like to enquire about the possibility of taking part in one of your extreme sports
weekend breaks.
c I refer to the recent article on your website about your new fun weekend programme
for sports lovers.
d I would be interested in trying this new experience in the month of June or July.
e Therefore could you please tell me your best offer for one person for your white water
rafting weekend during this period?
Best regards,
Lucy Miles

___ 5

358 O BIETTI V I M INI MI – TES T UNI T 5 | Transport Photocopiable | Explore © ELI

 Name : _______________________________
Class : ___________ Date : _____________

5 Complete the advertisement about a holiday cruise with a word for each gap.

Book your Caribbean Cruise early and (1) _______________

up to 25% on the holiday of your dreams.
Need help planning your cruise? Visit our website for full
(2) _______________ of all our cruises available
(3) _______________ January to December 2018.
Send us an email with all your requests and our experienced staff will process it and get
(4) _______________ to you as soon as possible.
Remember all our ships are (5) _______________ five-star floating hotels with every
kind of amenity you can imagine!
So what are you (6) _______________ for? Contact us today and we’ll start planning
your holiday (7) _______________ a lifetime!

___ 14

6 Complete this letter of enquiry to Caribbean Cruises Ltd with the expressions in the box.
departure date − be grateful − what is − availability and
following itinerary − quote us

Dear Sirs,
With reference to your advertisement regarding your Caribbean Cruises, I would
(1) _______________ if you could let me know your (2) _______________ price for my family
and I (two adults and three children aged 10, 12 and 14) for the (3) _______________.
We’d like to fly from London to Barbados and then start our voyage which should include
Antigua, St. Kitts and the Dominican Republic. Our ideal (4) _______________ would be
10th February for 15 nights. We would prefer a 5-berth suite with balcony so could you please
(5) _______________ your best price for this or alternatively two cabins each with balcony
to sleep two and three people.
Please could you also specify (6) _______________ included in the basic price and what
facilities are available on board especially for our children?
Thanking you in advance, I look forward to hearing from you.
Yours faithfully,
Brian Stockwell

___ 6

Total ___ 40

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 Name : _______________________________
Class : ___________ Date : _____________

TEST YOUR SKILLS

Reading comprehension
1 Read this article and answer the questions.

3 The idea was copied from the Windsor Suite at

A NEW PRIVATE TERMINAL FOR THE RICH London’s Heathrow airport, situated in terminal 5,
1 Los Angeles international airport (LAX) has a which is reserved for popes, presidents and other
new terminal that seems to have been designed VIPs. Reaching the Private Suite has been made
for the super-rich. It guarantees peaceful privacy easier so that its members don’t have to suffer
with all the comforts you can imagine including the horror of being stuck in a traffic jam like most
beds, massages and tonnes of chocolates and normal people. A special road has been created
sweets. This is in direct contrast with what which takes members directly to a set of tall grey
usually happens at the main terminal building of gates that are then opened by armed guards once
any normal airport full of crowds of loud noisy they have checked your identity.
people being pushed in all directions.
4 Annual membership costs $7,500 plus you have
2 However, only 1% of all passengers being to pay $2,700 for a domestic flight and $3,000 for
processed through this airport enjoy this luxury an international flight. This price covers the cost
experience as not many can afford membership of a group of up to four people. There is everything
to this elite club. It cost $22m to build so you can think of included in the price: 13 suites
obviously the airport needs to make huge sums each with bathrooms, TVs, drinks, organic snacks,
of money out of it. Therefore, it will certainly Wi-Fi and a view of planes going down the
only attract the rich and probably also famous runways. They also cater for children with special
who want to get away from paparazzi who are menus and toys. They even provide a change of
always on looking a celebrity at the airport or top clothes from the best designer labels if you need
businessmen. something warmer or lighter for your destination.

1 What have they built for the super-rich at LAX?

2 Why will only 1% of passengers enjoy this experience?
3 What has been done so that the Private Suite can be reached easily?
4 In what way do they cater for children?
___ 12

Listening
2 You will hear a writer talking about his journey on the Trans-Siberian Railway in Russia.
6

Decide if these sentences are true (T) or false (F).

T F
1 The railway line is more than a hundred years old.
2 Most people choose to do this journey in winter.
3 The highest speed the train reached was 43 mph.
4 Nobody ever came to check the tickets.

___ 8

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360 O BIETTI V I M INI MI – TES T UNI T 5 | Transport Photocopiable | Explore © ELI

 Name : _______________________________
Class : ___________ Date : _____________

TEST YOUR COMPETENCES

1 You are Mr Brown who owns a travel agency. Complete this request to Mr Giovanni Testa for
car hire from a group of clients, seven in all, who will be travelling with their ski equipment.
Mr Testa, specialises in car hire. Ask for advice for the best option and price for 10 days hire.
Specify that arrival and departure of your clients will be Florence airport.

Dear Mr Testa,
I (1) ________________ on behalf of a group (2) ________________ who would like to do a
self-drive holiday. They will travel with their ski equipment so (3) ________________ a spacious
vehicle. Could you (4) ________________ best option for my clients and quote your best price
for ten days hire. Please note that my clients will (5) ________________ Florence airport.
Thanking you in advance for your cooperation, I look forward to hearing from you.
Yours sincerely,
Mr James Brown ___ 20

2 Translate the following email in reply to the enquiry from Mr Brown into Italian.

Dear Mr Brown,
Thank you for your enquiry regarding the hire of a minibus.
As a self-drive, we can rent you a 7-seater car or a minibus for up to nine people.
Any larger vehicle, by law, must be rented with a driver.
For your clients, who are travelling with sports equipment, I recommend the minibus
even if there are only seven people in the group. In this way, they will have plenty of
space for their luggage and they will be more comfortable. Our minibuses are Custom or
Transporter models and they are maximum three years old.
For 10 days hire, with pick up and drop off at Florence airport, the total amount is
€759.00. This includes unlimited mileage, insurance and tax and the possibility of naming
two drivers, who must be over 25. If you wish to add other drivers, please let us know.
We look forward to receiving your booking.
Kind regards,
Giovanni Testa

___ 20

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 OBIETTIVI MINIMI – TEST UNIT 6 Name : _______________________________
Accommodation Class : ___________ Date : _____________

TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE 1 (pp. 166-171)

1 Choose the correct option.
1 For someone who isn’t bothered about 4 Which sentence best describes boutique
space, doesn’t want to cook and loves hotels?
sightseeing, the best option is… A They are large and offer basic services at a
A a luxurious international hotel chain with reasonable rate.
many facilities, near the beach. B They are small, upmarket hotels in unique
B a self-catering apartment with Wi-Fi, in settings.
the city centre. C They offer shuttle services to and from the
C a family run hotel in the city centre with airport.
an intimate atmosphere.
5 A serviced apartment…
2 A person booking full board will pay… A gives you the chance to cook for yourself if
A for the room and three main meals a day. you wish.
B for the room and breakfast in the morning. B is never within a hotel complex.
C for the room, breakfast and evening meal. C is usually only used for overnight stays.

3 Two business colleagues travelling together
with a normal budget will choose…
A a twin room.
B a triple room.
C a double room.
___ 10

2 Answer these questions.

1 What do people have to take into consideration when choosing holiday accommodation?
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
2 What are the characteristics of micro hotels?
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
3 What are the differences between a resort hotel and a holiday village?
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
4 What facilities do hotels usually offer their guests?
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
5 How do hotels usually advertise their facilities?
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________

___ 15

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 Name : _______________________________
Class : ___________ Date : _____________

TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE 2 (pp. 172-177)

1 Choose the correct option.
1 Compared to hotels, B&Bs… 4 Holiday rentals…
A are bigger. A are unfurnished apartments.
B have a more informal atmosphere. B provide plates, knives and forks.
C offer the same standard of service. C can only be booked directly with the
owners.
2 Which statement best describes inns?
A They are typically pubs that provide 5 Which of the following statements is NOT
accommodation and breakfast. true about hostels?
B They are usually situated in city centres. A They are not expensive.
C They do not provide any meals. B They all belong to a German organisation.
C They have communal areas to relax and
3 Hotel rating systems… cook.
A use a star system worldwide.
B award up to six stars for the best hotels.
C can be regulated by law or assessed by
various organisations.
___ 10

2 Answer these questions.

1 What are the similarities and differences between a bed and breakfast and a guesthouse?
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
2 What is the rating system for accommodation in the UK?
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
3 What are the advantages and disadvantages of a self-catering holiday?
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
4 What is meant by ‘house swapping’?
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
5 What is meant by ‘sofa surfing’?
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________

___ 15

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 Name : _______________________________
Class : ___________ Date : _____________

TEST YOUR LANGUAGE

Vocabulary
1 Match the two halves to make sentences about different types of accommodation used in
tourism.
1 Guesthouses are usually a it guests can be assured of consistent levels of service.
2 Motels are located b it can benefit from brand awareness and advertising.
3 Meals are provided c operated as family businesses.
4 A hotel that is a franchise d alongside major motorways and roads.
5 If a budget hotel is part of a chain, e in serviced accommodation.
___ 5

2 Match these expressions with their synonyms.

1 good value for money a the principal disadvantage
2 the main downside b a good deal
3 crockery and cutlery c evaluation standards
4 assessment criteria d peculiar aspects
5 quirky details e dishes and knives, forks and spoons

___ 5

3 Match the information about hotels to the correct heading.

1 a stone’s throw away from a Rooms
2 low key and laidback b Menus
3 outdoor pool, tennis court and barbecue terrace c Style
4 superb suites with antique furniture d Amenities
5 all dishes prepared with local organic ingredients e Location

___ 5

4 Choose the correct alternative to complete the sentences.

1 This apartment can sleep four people and has a fully-equipped/efficient kitchen.
2 Situated in a prime/compact position in the city centre, it is ideal for sightseeing.
3 The impeccable/stylish service will add to the enjoyment of your stay.
4 The marble/heated staircase is a feature of this hotel.
5 The friendly/personal staff will do their best to satisfy you.
___ 5

364 O BIETTI V I M INI MI – TES T UNI T 6 | Accommodation Photocopiable | Explore © ELI

 Name : _______________________________
Class : ___________ Date : _____________

Communication
5 Complete the description of The Grand Hotel with the expressions in the box.
the heart of − four-star hotels − landscaped tropical − impressive range of
a delightful feature − equipped with

The Grand Hotel is among the best

(1) _______________ in this city.
It is set in beautifully
(2) _______________ gardens in
(3) ________________ the old part of
the city.
This luxurious hotel offers an
(4) _______________ facilities. All 200 rooms are (6) ________________
(5) ________________ is the rooftop bath/shower, toilet, cable TV, minibar and
swimming pool and terrace. tea and coffee making facilities.

___ 6

6 Complete this letter of enquiry about the Grand Hotel.

Dear Sirs,
I read about your hotel on booking.com and I would like to enquire about availability for the
(1) ________________ from 10th to 17th August. I (2) ________________ one double
room and a (3) ________________ room with two single beds, if possible next to each
(4) ________________ as we are a family of four with two teenage children and would prefer
them to be near us. Both rooms should have ensuite (5) ________________ with shower.
Could you also specify if (6) ________________ is air-conditioning in the rooms and if you
provide a free shuttle (7) ________________ from the airport to the hotel?
Looking forward to your best quote,
Yours faithfully,
James Stewart

___ 14

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 Name : _______________________________
Class : ___________ Date : _____________

TEST YOUR SKILLS

Reading comprehension
1 Read this article and answer the questions.

Wild Camping in Oman

1 How does a family camping holiday in the wild 3 Desert camping is very different from all this
deserts of Oman sound? It’s certainly different prospected luxury. One advantage is that you
from a traditional camping holiday but at the same don’t need to bring your own camping stuff.
time it’s definitely the best and cheapest way to You can hire all the equipment you need from
see the amazing scenery of this country. While you various local companies. For your wild camping
admire the sunrise from the top of the Al Ahkdar experience, you can choose from the luxury
mountain range though, a herd of mountain goats offered by up-market tour operators to more
might invade your campsite. This is exactly what basic, standard equipment. This is obviously a lot
happened to us and they ate all the fruit and honey less expensive and not quite so comfortable, but
we’d saved for our breakfast! they provide the basics such as a tent, sleeping
bags, a cool box, and cooking equipment.
2 You’re allowed to do wild camping by law in
Oman which means you can put your tent on any 4 If requested, the tour operator will also take
piece of public land, from a mountain top to a beach care of organising vehicle rental and finding you
or golden sand dunes. This type of accommodation a good map to follow. Experienced guides lead
gives you the chance of seeing this Middle Eastern these expeditions and they make sure you enjoy
country from a very different viewpoint than all aspects of this beautiful country. There’s
that usually offered by tour operators. Tourism something for everyone, from the peacefulness
is definitely increasing in Oman with the help of of the deserts for those who want to get away
the government that is putting billions into the from the frenzy of city life, to mountain trekking
development of luxury accommodation and facilities for the more energetic and, of course, miles
like a superyacht marina, five-star hotels and super and miles of sandy beaches where you can just
shopping malls. With this investment, Oman hopes simply relax.
to welcome 11.7 million visitors a year by 2040.

1 What’s the best and cheapest way to see Oman?

2 What is the government doing to increase tourism in Oman?
3 What is included in basic standard camping equipment?
4 What can energetic people enjoy on this type of holiday?
___ 12
Listening
2 You will hear a reviewer talking about his impressions of a youth hostel in Nottingham,
7

England. Decide if these sentences are true (T) or false (F).

T F
1 The hostel offers better value for money than many hotels.
2 The reviewer doesn’t usually have a high opinion of hostel accommodation.
3 The hostel only has dormitories.
4 The hostel isn’t popular with young people.
___ 8

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366 O BIETTI V I M INI MI – TES T UNI T 6 | Accommodation Photocopiable | Explore © ELI

 Name : _______________________________
Class : ___________ Date : _____________

TEST YOUR COMPETENCES

1 Translate into Italian the telephone conversation between an annoyed client, Mr Jones, and
the travel agent he booked his holiday with.
Travel agent Good morning, Sun and Sea Travel, how can I help you?
Mr Jones Good morning, I’d like to speak to the manager please.
Travel agent I’m sorry, but Mr Thompson isn’t in at the moment, do you want to leave a message and
I’ll get him to call you back as soon as possible?
Mr Jones Can you tell Mr Thompson that I’m annoyed and very disappointed about our week’s
holiday in Maiorca that I booked through your agency? I’ve just come back and I feel that
my wife and I need another holiday to recover!
Travel agent I’m very sorry. What happened?
Mr Jones Well, first of all, our flight was delayed for 10 hours so we lost the first day of our holiday
because we didn’t arrive at our destination until 2 in the morning. Then our hotel, the
Grand Hotel, didn’t have a reservation in my name so we had to wait until 7 before getting
a room.
Travel agent I’m sure Mr Thompson will look into the matter to understand how such a thing could
have happened in the hotel. Then I hope the rest of your holiday went well…
Mr Jones Not at all! The hotel staff was very rude, the service was awful and the food too. In your
catalogue, this hotel is described as a four-star luxury hotel… here they didn’t deserve
even one star! Therefore, I think that it is only right that your agency offers us some kind
of compensation for all that we’ve been through.
Travel agent Very well, Mr Jones, I’ll tell Mr Thompson all about it as soon as he gets back to the office.
___ 20

2 You are Mr Thompson, manager of the travel agency Sun and Sea Travel.
Complete this letter to Mr Jones apologising for what happened.

Dear Mr Jones,
With reference to your telephone call, we (1) _________________________ hear that you
were dissatisfied with your holiday in Maiorca.
First, I feel I must point out that flight delays are completely beyond our control though we can
fully understand how upsetting this must have been for you. However, we are most surprised
that the hotel did not have a record (2) _________________________ when you arrived. We
have worked with this hotel for years and have never had any problems. In fact, we also find it
difficult to understand (3) _________________________ appreciate the staff who are highly
trained and the food in the hotel restaurant that is famous all over the island.
As a gesture of goodwill, we enclose a voucher for a 10% discount that can be used when
booking your next holiday with us. This (4) _________________________ for twelve months.
We trust you will find this satisfactory and once again, (5) _________________________ our
most sincere apologies.
Yours sincerely,
Mr Thompson
Manager

___ 20

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 OBIETTIVI MINIMI – TEST UNIT 7 Name : _______________________________
Explore Italy Class : ___________ Date : _____________

TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE (pp. 210-229)

1 Choose the correct option.
1 Italy has land borders with… 6 A tourist visiting Italy…
A France, Germany, Austria and Slovenia. A will find that credit cards are accepted
B Croatia, Austria, Slovenia and everywhere.
Switzerland. B will be able to use selfie sticks wherever
C Slovenia, Switzerland, France and they go.
Austria. C will need an adaptor for electrical items.

2 In the Italian political system… 7 A tourist in search of ceramics to take home

A power in Parliament is divided into two should visit…
branches. A Venice.
B the legislative branch is run by the B Deruta.
Senate alone. C Turin.
C the President of the Republic nominates
the Prime Minister. 8 A historical centre with Arab, Byzantine,
Spanish and Norman influences is…
3 Which period in Italian history saw a A Polignano a Mare.
growing interest in the fields of art and B Santa Maria di Leuca.
science? C San Giovanni Rotondo.
A the Renaissance
B the Middle Ages 9 Tourists wishing to take a boat trip to Isola
C at the start of the Roman Empire Bella should go to…
A Lake Orta.
4 In World War I, Italy fought against… B Lake Garda.
A France and Britain. C Lake Maggiore.
B Austria and Hungary.
C Germany. 10 Visitors wishing to visit Palazzo Pitti should
go to…
5 During the economic boom, after World A Lecce.
War II… B Florence.
A trade unions had a lot of power. C Milan.
B railways suffered.
C work in agriculture increased.

___ 20

368 O BIETTI V I M INI MI – TES T UNI T 7 | Explore Italy Photocopiable | Explore © ELI
 Name : _______________________________
Class : ___________ Date : _____________

2 Decide if these sentences are true (T) or false (F).

T F
1 The River Po starts in the north central Apennines.
2 The Tremiti Islands are on the Adriatic Coast.
3 During the Bronze Age, tribes in Sardinia were farmers.
4 Magna Graecia included settlements north of the Tiber.
5 At its height, the Roman Empire included parts of North Africa.

___ 10

3 Answer these questions.

1 What are the different means of transport available to tourists when travelling around Italy?
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
2 Why are the Dolomites a favourite tourist attraction both in winter and summer?
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
3 What are the most famous sights to be seen in Milan?
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
4 What influenced the different kinds of architectural styles to be found in Lecce?
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________

___ 20

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 Name : _______________________________
Class : ___________ Date : _____________

TEST YOUR LANGUAGE

Vocabulary
1 Complete the text about the Marche region with the words in the box.
itinerary − popularity − ideal − boasts − hilltop − stop − guided

Over the last few years, the Marche region has grown port with links to Greece and Croatia. If you want to learn
in (1) ____________ with British tourists. The Marche more about this city that was founded by the ancient
has everything the visitor can wish for, from beaches to Greeks, take advantage of the free (5) ____________
(2) ____________ villages and art-filled towns. Inland, tour that is organised on the first Sunday of every month.
don’t miss the opportunity of seeing the steep, stone, The Marche coast stretches for about one hundred
medieval town of Urbino and the renaissance art of its miles along the Adriatic coast and just south of Ancona
Palazzo Ducale, which is one of Italy’s best galleries. is the Conero peninsula, which is (6) ____________
Another major attraction on your (3) ____________ for hiking or mountain-bike excursions. If you prefer
should be Ascoli Piceno in the south. It has a spectacular relaxing, (7) ____________ off anywhere along the
square and while you’re strolling about, don’t forget to try coast road to visit one of the many sandy beaches. The
the local speciality − stuffed olives that are breaded then prettiest by far is the Due Sorelle, but this can only be
deep-fried. Ancona (4) ____________ an impressive reached by boat from Numana.

Communication
___ 14

2 Use the expressions in the box to complete this conversation between an American tourist,
who wants to plan a fly-drive holiday in Sicily, and a TIC assistant.

the best time of year is June − if you fancy something more exciting − choose from the many
you’re bound to come across − it would be a shame to miss − take a leisurely stroll through
I’d recommend driving − you should plan to spend at least two weeks

Tourist How long do you think we need to see a good part of the island?
TIC assistant (1) ____________________ so you can see the most important places.
Tourist OK, and what period do you think would be most suitable?
TIC assistant Well, I think (2) ____________________ because it isn’t too hot.
Tourist So where should we start from?
TIC assistant Well, Cefalù is a popular tourist resort.(3) ____________________ lots of lovely
beaches in the little bays and rocky coves. After that, visiting Taormina is a must, a great
base for a couple of days with its picturesque town and the world famous Greek theatre.
Tourist Sounds great! Where should we go from there?
TIC assistant (4) ____________________ to Sampieri, but on the way, stop off at Syracuse.
(5) ____________________ this town, which is included in the Unesco World Heritage
List for its Archaeological Park. You can also (6) ____________________ the historic
centre of Syracuse and admire the mix of Greek, Roman, medieval and Baroque buildings.
After this insight into just some of the history and art of Sicily, Sampieri is perfect for
relaxing on the wide sandy beaches. Instead, (7) ____________________ with the
chance of snorkeling, then Licata is the place for you, with lots of lively beach activities.
Tourist What about accommodation?
TIC assistant You can (8) ____________ B&Bs or hotels on the island, depending on your budget.
Tourist Great, thanks for all the information. I’ll get back to you in the next few days. ___ 16

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 Name : _______________________________
Class : ___________ Date : _____________

TEST YOUR SKILLS

Reading comprehension
1 Read this article and answer the questions.

Bargain Holidays in Italy

1 Italian people love getting their money’s worth, so the 3 As far as accommodation is concerned, most
best way to have a great holiday in Italy, even if you have Italians now prefer homely working farms rather
to keep to a strict budget, is to do what the Italians do. than sophisticated hotels in major cities. These
If you follow their example, you’ll find lots of reasonably working farms set in spectacular countryside, offer
priced hotels and low-cost or even free beaches and spas accommodation that is much cheaper than in hotels as
to choose from as well as fantastic places to visit without well as giving guests the chance to see how the local
spending too much. people live. Just imagine yourself surrounded by the
picturesque landscapes of Tuscany in its Val D’Orcia.
2 Food, as everyone knows, plays an important role in
Here almost everything you eat is home-produced
Italian lifestyle and people definitely don’t just eat to live.
and you can relax in the peace and quiet, far from the
Instead, it is considered a major social event and a chance
frenetic, noisy, stress-filled life of the city.
of trying many exquisite specialities. Take for example, an
Italian picnic – they are awesome compared to the sad 4 For those of you more interested in sunbathing,
little soggy sandwiches that British people usually prepare it’s a good idea to avoid the endless rows of pricey
for their picnics. On an Italian picnic, you can find different beach umbrellas and sunbeds and head for one of the
kinds of cold meat and cheese, all of high quality, as well many beautiful, free beaches, which are generally
as fresh bread, and fruit that can all be easily bought from more popular with Italian families. One to try out is
the local food shops and bakeries. Best of all, it’ll cost you the Maremma National Park that offers not only sandy
half the amount you’d normally pay for these products in beaches and clear blue sea, but also hiking trails and
Britain, and the quality of course is superior. lots of wildlife too.

1 What should tourists visiting Italy do if they don’t want to spend too much?
2 What does an Italian picnic usually consist of?
3 What advantages are there for the tourist who chooses to stay in the countryside?
4 How can tourists who love the seaside save money?
___ 12

Listening
2 8You will hear a reporter talking about Rome’s MAAM gallery (Museum of the Other and
Elsewhere). Complete the text with the words you hear.
One of the lesser-known galleries in Rome, but nonetheless well worth a visit, is Rome’s MAAM
gallery that houses works from artists from all over the world. Before becoming a gallery, this
building was a (1) __________________. Nowadays, many of the works of art on show are
inspired by the lives of its residents, 200 squatters, 80 of them children. It all started in 2011,
when Giorgio de Finis came across the building, occupied by (2) __________________ migrants.
He started to organise performances and art events there with the help of the inhabitants and it
has now become one of Rome’s most important (3) __________________ art spaces exhibiting
murals, installations and (4) __________________ produced by over three hundred artists
from all over the world.
___ 8

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 Name : _______________________________
Class : ___________ Date : _____________

TEST YOUR COMPETENCES

1 Read this information about a day trip in Tuscany and decide if the sentences are true (T) or false (F).

One-day escorted coach tour to

FLORENCE ➔ SIENA ➔ SAN GIMIGNANO ➔ PISA
Schedule: May-October TOUR DETAILS
Departure: Every Monday, Wednesday
Departing from Santa
and Friday, 8 a.m.
Maria Novella train
Departure/Arrival: Santa Maria Novella train
station at 8 a.m., your
station, Florence
guide will take you on
Transport: Luxury coach
a 2-hour walking tour of
Cost per person: Adult e150
Florence, including all
Child (3-16) e100
the most famous sights
Senior/Student e125
like the Duomo and Uffizi
Lunch included
Gallery, where you can admire the wealth of art and history of
this magnificent city. Then, you will be taken by coach through
the Tuscan countryside to the gothic city of Siena, famous for
HIGHLIGHTS
its Cathedral and medieval streets. After a guided tour, you
• Private luxury coach bus with WC, Wi-Fi will also have some time on your own to enjoy a drink at an
and DVD open-air café and have a chat with the locals. Next, you will
• Guided walking tour of Florence be taken on a drive into the Sienese hills, home to the famous
• Scenic drive through Tuscan countryside Chianti wine, where there will be a stop for lunch among these
• Guided tour of Siena and some free spectacular vineyards. After lunch, the coach will take you to
time to explore on your own San Gimignano, where
• Drive through Sienese hills you can enjoy a relaxing
• Lunch among Chianti vineyards with walk along the cobbled
opportunity of purchasing local wines streets and maybe have
and olive oil an ice cream. Then it’s on
• Visit to San Gimignano famous for its to Pisa where you can
14 towers take selfies with its famous
• Last stop, Pisa with audio tour in Leaning Tower. Estimated
several languages of its Leaning Tower, arrival time back in
Cathedral and Baptistery Florence is 8 p.m.

T F
1 This tour is organised three days a week.
2 The walking tour of Florence will last one hour.
3 During the tour of Siena, tourists must stay with the guide at all times.
4 Tourists can buy local wines and olive oil.
5 San Gimignano is famous for its Leaning Tower.
6 The tour will finish at 10 p.m.
___ 12

372 O BIETTI V I M INI MI – TES T UNI T 7 | Explore Italy Photocopiable | Explore © ELI
 Name : _______________________________
Class : ___________ Date : _____________

2 Complete the questions a tourist asks the tour guide about the day trip in Tuscany.
Tourist What time (1) ____________________________________________________?
Guide The tour starts at 8 in the morning and the pick-up point is across the road from your hotel.
Tourist Can I (2) ____________________________________________________?
Guide No, I’m afraid, no animals are allowed on the coach, so you’ll have to ask someone to
look after your dog for the day.
Tourist How long (3) ____________________________________________________?
Guide It takes about an hour to get to Siena.
Tourist Is (4) ____________________________________________________?
Guide Yes! Lunch is included in the price of the trip and I can assure you that you won’t be
disappointed.
Tourist Can I (5) ____________________________________________________?
Guide If you want, you can go up the Leaning Tower of Pisa, but you’ll have to pay for that.
Tourist Is there (6) ____________________________________________________?
Guide The tour is mainly for English speakers, so I’m afraid that you’ll have to translate for
your German friend when he doesn’t understand.
___ 12

3 Mr and Mrs Watson and their two children, aged 12 and 16, would like to do a one-week
fly-drive holiday to Italy, dividing their time between Rome and Naples. Read the information
a travel agent has found for them and complete the email to the family.
• flights London/Rome;
• car hire;
• accommodation in a three-star hotel in Rome and Naples on a half board basis;
• suggested itinerary Rome 3 nights – most important landmarks;
• Naples 3 nights with option of boat trip to Capri or Ischia;
• return to Rome and last night in four-star hotel near airport.

Dear Mr and Mrs Watson,

Thank you for your enquiry about a (1) ____________________ in Italy. I am pleased to inform you
that I have found direct flights from (2) ____________________. At Fiumicino airport you will find
the (3) ____________________ company who will give you the keys of your vehicle. The best value for
money regarding accommodation is a three- (4) ____________________ on a half board basis, so you
will only have to buy a snack for lunch. I am enclosing a brochure with the (5) ____________________
of Rome and you can decide which ones you’d prefer to see. As for Naples, I strongly recommend the
fantastic (6) ______________________ Capri or Ischia as these two islands are very special.
I suggest that on your last night in Rome, you stay in a (7) ______________________ so that you
don’t have to worry about looking for taxis to get to the airport first thing in the morning.
Please let me know if this (8) ______________________ is suitable for you and do not hesitate to ask
for any further information you may need.
Yours sincerely,
Ted Barnes
Travel and Fun Inc.

___ 16

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 OBIETTIVI MINIMI – TEST UNIT 8 Name : _______________________________
Explore the British Isles Class : ___________ Date : _____________

TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE (pp. 246-265)

1 Choose the correct option.
1 The British Isles… 6 The best place to find Cornish pasties is…
A is composed of two islands. A England.
B is off the south-west coast of mainland B Scotland.
Europe. C Ireland.
C has a temperate climate.
7 Which sentence best describes London?
2 The River Shannon… A Many of its buildings represent different
A is the longest river in the British Isles. religious beliefs.
B starts in Mid Wales. B It has a population of less than 8.5
C ends in the Bristol Channel. million.
C Its buses are black and its taxis are red.
3 Which of the following countries is NOT
part of the United Kingdom? 8 To visit the Houses of Parliament in London,
A Scotland you should go to…
B the Republic of Ireland A South Kensington.
C Wales B Westminster.
C The City.
4 The Romans…
A conquered Scotland as well as England 9 Cardiff…
and Wales. A has always been the capital of Wales.
B arrived in Britain after the Anglo-Saxons. B is in the north of Wales.
C built roads and introduced sewage C was once famous for its coal and iron
systems. industries.

5 Margaret Thatcher… 10 Edinburgh…

A was the leader of the Labour Party. A is on the east coast of Scotland.
B increased government spending. B has a population of over 500,000.
C was the first female British Prime C has a new part built in Victorian style.
Minister.
___ 20

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 Name : _______________________________
Class : ___________ Date : _____________

2 Decide if these sentences are true (T) or false (F).

T F
1 Stirling Castle is still used by the Royal Family for holidays.
2 Belfast is where the Titanic was built.
3 In 1999, devolution created a national Parliament in Scotland.
4 The Industrial Revolution happened in the Georgian period.
5 In 1918, women under the age of 30 could not vote.

___ 10

3 Answer these questions.

1 What types of landscape can you find in the British Isles?
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
2 What dramatic changes happened during the Victorian period to Britain and its people?
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
3 What is an ‘Oyster card’ and why is it useful for tourists visiting London?
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
4 What tourist attractions are there in Dublin?
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________

___ 20

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 Name : _______________________________
Class : ___________ Date : _____________

TEST YOUR LANGUAGE

Vocabulary
1 Complete the text about Glasgow with the words in the box.
discover − works − dates − find − head − marvel − miss

When visiting Glasgow, the biggest city in Scotland, (5) ___________ lots of interesting facts about the city’s
you will (1) ___________ out about the wealth of music scene. In the West End of the city, Ashton Lane, a
this city’s architecture as you take a tour of some of cobbled back street is full of loads of different bars and
its most famous landmarks. Glasgow Cathedral for restaurants, where you can try home-made haggis, one
example, (2) ___________ back to medieval times, of Scotland’s specialities. If on the other hand you prefer
while the University of Glasgow is a prime example of sport, don’t (6) ___________ the chance of visiting both
neo-gothic architecture. If you are interested in art, Celtic and Rangers Football Clubs where they will give you
then (3) ___________ for the collection on show at a guided tour. However, Glasgow is not just about football.
the Kelvingrove Art Gallery and Museum and more good The city is often host to international athletics events like
news is that it’s all for free. To get around easily, take the European Championships. For those who love shopping,
Glasgow’s subway. It’s 120 years old, which makes it the you’ll (7) ___________ at what Glasgow has to offer, as
third oldest underground system in the world, but it still it’s the largest retail centre in the UK, where you can find
(4) ___________ well and is ideal for reaching some all the big brand names you’d expect. Finally, you can relax
of the city’s favourite attractions. For those of you in one of Glasgow’s many green areas. In fact, in Gaelic
who are music lovers, Glasgow is definitely the place the word Glasgow means ‘dear green place’ and there’s no
for you. They organise special music tours, so that you doubt about it, there are plenty of green areas to choose
can walk your way from one gig to the next and you will from with over 90 parks and gardens.

Communication ___ 14

2 Use the expressions in the box to complete this conversation between a tourist guide and an
American tourist who wants information about a guided tour of Oxford, Stratford-Upon-
Avon and the Cotswolds.

I am really keen − you’ll have the chance − time for individual sightseeing − we begin our day
you’ll have plenty of − unlike other tours − you’ll be captivated − well as discovering
Tourist So, could you give me some details about this tour?
Guide Well, (1) _________________ at 8.00 a.m. from outside Victoria Train Station in London.
On this great tour, (2) _________________ to visit the beautiful market town of Stratford-
Upon-Avon with its historical Tudor architecture, as (3) _________________ the natural
beauty of the Cotswolds as we make our way to Oxford, where (4) _________________ by
the famous buildings of its university.
Tourist Well, I must admit (5) _________________ on Shakespeare and his life.
Guide Well, you’ll definitely enjoy our visit to Stratford-Upon-Avon. We’ll stay there for a couple of
hours, so (6) _________________ time for viewing all the sites connected with Shakespeare.
Tourist What happens after Stratford?
Guide We will drive through the Cotswolds with its breathtaking scenery and (7) _______________
that just drive through, we will stop for photos and a walk in one of the many picturesque
villages in this area. Once you get to Oxford, there will be free (8) _________________ of
the impressive college buildings, so everyone can do what they want.
Tourist Well, thank you for all your help. I’ll confirm with you in a couple of days. ___ 16

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 Name : _______________________________
Class : ___________ Date : _____________

TEST YOUR SKILLS

Reading comprehension
1 Read this article and answer the questions.
local authorities can take to encourage this slow pace is to put
Slow Tourism in Wales benches in tranquil areas, where people can have a seat and
1 Recent research into tourism trends in the UK suggests that, simply admire the view.
due to the recession, more and more British families will choose
to spend their holidays in Britain rather than spending money on 3 Ludlow, in the West Midlands, borders with Wales to
expensive long-haul flights to some exotic destination abroad. the west and is Britain’s first official Slow Town, where the
‘Slow’ tourism seems to be one of the most popular choices, as philosophy is to maintain the quality of life, highlighting the
it gives people the chance to get to know the place they are local aspects of the area that distinguish it from others, like
visiting in a much calmer and relaxed way than other forms of traditional artisan products, and making visitors feel part of the
tourism. The more gentle nature of ‘slow’ tourism allows people place. However, this does not mean that tourists will have to do
to really enjoy their holiday experience and Wales offers many without technology; it’s just that the best of new technology
fantastic opportunities. goes hand in hand with protecting old habits.

2 Those promoting this kind of tourism say that the visitor 4 Visitors can learn about the culture of the place they visit,
who normally would pack everything into one day will decide while still doing exciting things like a canoe trip, sailing, or
to extend their stay to a few days, while those coming for a white water rafting. All of these are available in North Wales
long weekend will stay even longer if they follow this new and will offer people a thrilling time. Until recently, people
trend. Wales has a wide variety of activities on offer, such as had a negative opinion of ‘slow’ tourism, but things are
fishing, walking or shopping. Tourists can do these activities changing as people are now realising that this kind of holiday
without having to rush giving people, stressed out by work can also offer quality time with family, an aspect that is often
and their daily routine, the chance to relax. One simple step undervalued when choosing a holiday destination.

1 Why is ‘slow’ tourism becoming more and more popular?

2 Why is Wales an ideal destination choice for those interested in ‘slow’ tourism?
3 What is the philosophy of the town of Ludlow?
4 Why have people recently changed their opinion of ‘slow’ tourism? ___ 12

Listening
2 You will hear a tourist guide describing a guided tour of the British Museum in London.
9

Complete the text with the words you hear.

This captivating visit lasts (1) ________________ hours and during this time, you will learn about the
existence of man and his progress through the centuries. This guided tour will explain many questions,
like why our ancestors chose to abandon their nomadic way of life (2) ________________. The tour is
available on Thursdays, Fridays and Saturdays and starts at 2 p.m. and includes some of the museum’s
most cherished objects, like the Rosetta Stone, dating back to 196 BC. Your guide will meet you at the King
Edward entrance on Montague Place. If you’re not very familiar with London, this is the north entrance
and you will recognise it because there are (3) ________________ stone lions on each side of the main
door. After you have gone through the bag check, you will be able to spot your guide no bother as he or she
will be the one with the orange umbrella. The tour will then start in the Queen Elizabeth II Great Court,
at the heart of the British Museum. This was once an open courtyard, but it is now the largest covered
public square in Europe, covered by an awesome (4) ________________ roof. The court contains twelve
sculptures from the museum collection that introduce you to the cultures represented in the galleries you
will go on to visit.
___ 8

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 Name : _______________________________
Class : ___________ Date : _____________

TEST YOUR COMPETENCES

1 Read this information about Stirling Castle and decide if the sentences are true (T) or false (F).

HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
Stirling Castle sits on a massive volcanic rock
overlooking the river Forth between the Lowlands
and the Highlands of Scotland and is of significant
importance in the history of Scotland. The first
written record of the castle dates back to 1107
when Alexander I had a chapel built on the site.
Over the centuries, it became a royal residence and
a powerful Scottish stronghold and was often the
centre of government.
It played an important role in the many civil wars
between the Scots and the English. Famous battles
like Stirling Bridge, when William Wallace and his army trapped and defeated the much bigger English army on
the bridge, and the Battle of Bannockburn, when Robert Bruce forced the English to surrender and give the castle
back to the Scots, took place within sight of its walls.
The oldest surviving part of the castle, the North Gate was built in 1381. Over the years, various Scottish kings
invested in the castle with building projects like the Great Hall, the largest in Scotland, which was commissioned
by James IV, the Chapel Royal and the Palace of James V, which all make it one of the most important sites in
Scotland. It was also home to famous historical figures like Mary Queen of Scots and James VI. In 1617, over
£13,000 was spent on works in anticipation of a visit by James VI, who had also become James I of England.
More recently, a £2 million project was started in 2000 to create The Hunt of the Unicorn tapestries for the
castle. This project lasted 15 years with the unveiling of the last of these tapestries in 2015. Nowadays, Stirling
Castle is famous worldwide as one of Scotland’s most popular attractions among tourists and major projects have
been carried out to restore the main buildings to their previous glory.

T F
1 Stirling Castle is an important historical building.
2 Scottish kings and queens lived there.
3 In the battle of Stirling Bridge, the English won against the Scots.
4 Stirling Castle has the biggest hall in Scotland.
5 James VI became James I of England.
6 The tapestry project took more than fifty years to complete.

___ 12

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 Name : _______________________________
Class : ___________ Date : _____________

2 Read more information about Stirling Castle and complete the conversation between a tourist
guide and a tourist interested in visiting the castle.

GENERAL INFORMATION
Open 7 days a week
Winter 9.30 a.m. to 5 p.m.
Summer 9.30 a.m. to 6 p.m.
Standard adult ticket £14.50
Guided tours Not compulsory but highly recommended.
How to get there 10-minute walk uphill from Stirling train
station. Regular train service from Glasgow
or Edinburgh.

ATTRACTIONS
The Great Hall Banqueting hall for feasts and pageants. Completion 1503 for James IV. Four pairs of tall
windows, heated by five large fireplaces.
The Royal Palace Era of James V, 1500s. Renaissance building, completely refurbished. Childhood home of
Mary Queen of Scots. Guides in costumes of that time, recounting tales of palace. Includes
royal chambers.
Stirling Tapestries Cost to weave £2, located in Queen’s inner hall, 7 in all, hand-woven.
The Chapel Royal Seven months to build, commissioned by James VI for son and heir, Prince Henry’s baptism.
First Protestant church in Scotland and last royal building in castle, 1593-4. Frieze painted
by Valentine Jenkin, 1628 – depicts arrival in Scotland of new king.
The Queen Anne Gardens Peaceful, pretty on south side of the castle overlooked by Queen’s lodgings and Prince’s
Tower. Beech tree over 200 years old. After main gate, through archway then left.
The Palace Vaults Beneath the palace – fun, interactive exhibitions suitable for children. Things to discover:
music and instruments of the 1500s, creation of paints and dyes, stone carving tools and
techniques, fabrics and gems, jokes fit for kings and queens.
Castle Exhibition History of castle, wars of independence between the Scots and the English, kings James III,
IV and V. Access exhibition via Queen Anne Gardens.
Stirling Heads Gallery Metre-wide 16th century oak medallions – carvings of kings, queens, nobles, Roman
emperors, characters from the Bible and Classical mythology. Location, upper floor of palace.

Tourist What’s the best way of getting to the castle?

Guide The best way of getting to the castle (1) ___________________.
Tourist When is it open?
Guide It is open (2) ___________________.
Tourist Is there anything that might interest my ten-year-old boy?
Guide Yes, in the palace vaults there are (3) ___________________.
Tourist I’ve heard about the Stirling Heads. What are they exactly and where can I find them?
Guide They are (4) ___________________ and you can find them in the Stirling Heads
Gallery on the upper floor of the castle.
Tourist Do I have to take a guide or can we just walk about ourselves?
Guide No, you (5) ___________________ but I highly recommend you do so.
Tourist What about the Royal Palace? Is it worth seeing? ___ 12
Guide Yes, it’s definitely (6) ___________________ visit.
Total ___ 24

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 OBIETTIVI MINIMI – TEST UNIT 9 Name : _______________________________
Explore the USA Class : ___________ Date : _____________

TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE (pp. 282-301)

1 Choose the correct option.
1 The United States does NOT border with… 6 Barack Obama…
A Alaska. A was born in Alabama.
B Canada. B was President for three terms.
C Mexico. C introduced a healthcare reform bill.

2 When was the Declaration of Independence 7What should a visitor to the United States
signed? NOT do?
A 4th July 1773 A Use cash and not credit cards.
B 4th July 1776 B Have a suitable adaptor for two-pronged
C 4th July 1783 plugs.
C Take out travel insurance that also covers
3 During the period of World War II… medical care.
A the Americans did not fight in Europe.
B the Americans declared war on Russia. 8 Tourists in Florida can sunbathe on…
C the Americans used nuclear bombs A Santa Monica.
against Japan. B Venice Beach.
C South Beach.
4 Which of the following statements is NOT
true of the Cold War? 9 Tourists visiting Hawaii, who want to see
A It ended before the fall of the Berlin Wall. tropical rainforests, should go to…
B It involved the USA and the USSR. A the Hamakua Coast.
C The countries involved developed more B Waikiki.
nuclear weapons. C the Puna region.

5 After the 9/11 attacks… 10 Tourists who want to see the geyser ‘Old
A the USA invaded Saudi Arabia. Faithful’ need to visit…
B the USA became allies with the Taliban. A Death Valley.
C the USA invaded Iraq. B Yellowstone.
C Glacier National Park.
___ 20

380 O BIETTI V I M INI MI – TES T UNI T 9 | Explore the USA Photocopiable | Explore © ELI
 Name : _______________________________
Class : ___________ Date : _____________

2 Decide if these sentences are true (T) or false (F).

T F
1 The Cascade Mountains are in the states of Oregon and Washington.
2 The first English colonies were in California and Texas.
3 After the Civil War, the USA began to change from a rural nation to an urban one.
4 The Montgomery bus boycott resulted in segregation on the city’s public buses.
5 Three passenger airlines were hijacked by terrorists during the 9/11 attacks.

___ 10

3 Answer these questions.

1 What is the political system in the USA?
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
2 What were the main differences between the northern and southern states that led to the civil
war in the USA?
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
3 What was Martin Luther King’s ‘dream’?
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
4 Why is Las Vegas a favourite tourist destination?
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________

___ 20

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 Name : _______________________________
Class : ___________ Date : _____________

TEST YOUR LANGUAGE

Vocabulary
1 Complete the text about the Grand Teton National Park with the words in the box.
beauty − stunning − situated − thrilling − lodges − float − trails

Grand Teton National Park is (1) _________________ in but autumn is particularly magical with an abundance of
northwestern Wyoming and covers an area of 310,000 acres. contrasting colours throughout the park. However, keep in
Immerse yourself in the (2) ____________ of this protected mind that the weather can be unpredictable during this time
recreational area, which includes all the major peaks of the of the year and many of the (7) ____________ used for
40-mile-long Teton Mountain Range, Jackson Lake, and part of accommodation inside the park shut down in late September,
the valley called Jackson Hole. Look up at the glaciated, snow- so you will have to arrange things in advance and book into one
covered Teton Range or (3) ___________ down the Snake of the gateway communities in the park.
River on rafts. The park is full of small lakes and has several
glaciers and forests where you can admire a wide variety of
wildlife. Spend a day doing something (4) ____________
like horseback riding, or mountaineering, or enjoy hiking
along 200 miles of (5) __________. If you prefer a quieter
experience, you can join the many visitors who come to the
park for some of the best trout fishing in the world. Grand
Teton National Park is (6) _____________ all year round,

Communication
___ 14

2 Use the expressions in the box to complete this circular letter from an American company
specializing in Ohio River cruises.
six ports of call − interesting shore excursions − we set sail − nightly entertainment
bookings made before the end − ensuite bathroom and shower − a more casual atmosphere

Dear Sirs,
We are pleased to present our latest cruise on the Ohio River for the coming holiday season. This particular
cruise is from Louisville to Cincinnati aboard the lavish American Duchess paddlewheeler and will be available
from April to September. (1) _________________ from Louisville, KY and the cruise lasts nine days. There
are (2) _________________, such as the quiet city of Brandenburg where you can visit Fort Knox. There
are also many other (3) _________________ which are detailed in our enclosed brochure. The American
Duchess is one of the most luxurious all-suite paddlewheelers on US rivers, and can carry up to 166 guests.
Those looking for extra comfort can choose one of our unique Loft Suites with (4) _________________,
lounge section and private balcony. This graceful vessel offers 5-star cuisine in the beautifully elegant Grand
Dining Room or, for those who prefer (5) _________________, there is the River Club and Terrace. Spacious
decks are ideal for a leisurely stroll after dinner before enjoying the (6) _________________ of Broadway
caliber. Other facilities onboard include a fitness centre, hair salon and kids’ club. This cruise costs $1,999
per person, but there is a 15% discount for (7) _________________ of April. Please find enclosed our latest
illustrated catalogue with detailed information about our cruise.
Do not hesitate to contact us if you require any further information.
Yours faithfully,
American Luxury Cruises

___ 16

Total ___ 30

382 O BIETTI V I M INI MI – TES T UNI T 9 | Explore the USA Photocopiable | Explore © ELI
 Name : _______________________________
Class : ___________ Date : _____________

TEST YOUR SKILLS

Reading comprehension
1 Read this article and answer the questions.

CHICAGO 2 For those who like music, a

must is the Korean-Polish street
those looking for something extra
special, there are also boutique
1 Over the last few years, tourism food project, called Kimski, that hotels that are artfully designed with
in Chicago has increased and now organises some of the best DJ nights both modern and vintage features in
new direct flights from the UK are in the city. The Wicker Park area is the Logan Square area.
making it even more popular as also home to several music venues
a holiday destination for British and record stores, where tourists 4 In summer, tourists love
tourists. Visitors to Chicago will can enjoy in-store performances by Chicago’s lakefront beaches where
quickly find out that the most local bands or, if they are lucky, by the city’s buildings almost touch the
popular types of food are hotdogs even more famous singers like Franz sand. Montrose Beach to the north is
and pizza, but there is another less Ferdinand. the largest where you can play beach
well-known speciality, the Italian volleyball, see sand dunes and enjoy
beef sandwich. This sandwich was 3 Chicago is also a very green city a delicious plate of fish tacos while
first created as a cheap way of with many large parks. Tourists watching a spectacular sunset. The
satisfying guests at a large Italian can explore this area along the summer season also includes the
wedding in the 1900s. It then 606 urban hiking trail, a 2.7 mile Chicago Blues Festival in June, the
arrived in Chicago in the 1930s and elevated pathway on an abandoned world’s largest free blues festival.
was made popular by Al’s stand in railway line that connects several For the more energetic tourist,
the Little Italy University Village neighbourhoods. there’s the chance to take part in
neighbourhood. This stand has now For accommodation, most of the the Chicago Marathon that takes
become a food chain, but tourists city’s most popular and cheapest place in October with some of the
can try out this speciality at the hotels are downtown and tourists city’s nicest weather.
original stand on Taylor Street. can find good prices in this area. For

1 What are the origins of the Italian beef sandwich?

2 What can tourists do in the Wicker Park area?
3 What kind of accommodation can tourists find in the Logan Square area?
4 What special events are held in Chicago?
___ 12

Listening
2 You will hear a reporter talking about Portland, Maine in the USA. Complete this
10

summary with the words you hear.

This buzzing city on the New England coast has a strong sense of (1) _______________. Americans
come in the summer to enjoy its coastline, campsites and outdoor activities. However local residents
also enjoy savouring the excellent fish and (2) _______________ to be found here in winter. The
Maine College of Art (MECA) is situated in the arts district and holds the permanent collection of Bob
Crewe, (3) _______________ and producer for the Four Seasons, while gigs are organised in the
Space Gallery. The Art Department gives local artists the chance to create and sell their products like
(4) _______________, crafts and clothing.
___ 8

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 Name : _______________________________
Class : ___________ Date : _____________

TEST YOUR COMPETENCES

1 Read this information about Cuyahoga Valley National Park and decide if the sentences are
true (T) or false (F).

CUYAHOGA VALLEY NATIONAL PARK

Cuyahoga Valley National Park is the only national

park situated in Northern Ohio along the Cuyahoga
River between Akron and Cleveland, covering an area
of 32,572 acres of rural landscape. It is a paradise for
those who love wildlife with a huge variety of animals
including raccoons, coyotes, red foxes, deer and birds
like falcons and bald eagles.
People living in cities have been coming to this area
since the 1870s as a way of escaping the stress of
urban life, but it was only officially registered as a
national park in 2000. The park welcomes more than
two million visitors every year who can do a variety of
activities like hiking, cycling, and camping.
For those who prefer a more relaxing holiday, you can
simply enjoy sight-seeing or do some bird-watching.
There are 250 species of birds in the park, but watch
out for the snakes as there are 20 reptile species too!
The good news is that entrance to the park is free but
special organised events have to be paid for. Visitors
can walk among several different types of trees and
plants or, for the lazier ones, there’s a passenger train
that takes visitors through the park along the Towpath
Trail. In the past, this trail was used by mules that
walked along it as they pulled boats along the canal.

T F
1 Cuyahoga Valley National Park is far from the Cuyahoga River.
2 The area has been a favourite with people from cities for years.
3 It was registered as a national park at the start of this century.
4 There are no activities organised in the park.
5 There are lots of different kinds of plants and trees in the park.
6 There’s a bus that takes visitors through the park.

___ 12

384 O BIETTI V I M INI MI – TES T UNI T 9 | Explore the USA Photocopiable | Explore © ELI
 Name : _______________________________
Class : ___________ Date : _____________

2 Use the information below to complete this presentation about the Busch Gardens
Williamsburg Theme Park.

BUSCH GARDENS THEME PARK

Location
Williamsburg,Virginia

Admission
all year, water park May to September

Cost of Day Pass

ages 10+: $77 − ages 3-9: $67

Theme
nine different European cities with unique
attractions, style and food

Top inspirations
streets of Paris, France; Oktoberfest celebration,
Germany; hamlets of Scotland

Top rides
kid-friendly rides and thrilling roller coasters

Other attractions
wild animals, shows and entertainment for the
whole family

Water Park
slides, lazy rivers, child-friendly play areas, wave
pool

Appropriate for all ages

Handicap accessible
Both cameras and video cameras permitted
Restaurant and gift shop on-site

Busch Gardens Theme park is situated in (1) _________________________ and is open all year round,
except for the (2) ________________________ that is only open from May to September.
A (3) __________________________ costs $77 for children 10 or over and $67 for children
between the ages of 3 and 9. The theme of this park is (4) ______________________ and you
will be able to enjoy the unique style of each and try the food from each country too.
The most popular countries are (5) ______________________. Kids will love the rides and especially
the (6) ______________________.
___ 12

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 TESTS
Answer key and audioscripts
Test Unit 1 cruise ships, as Barcelona is an important port.
Many tourists couldn’t understand why the protesters
Test your knowledge 1 were marching down the Rambla, one of the most
famous streets in Barcelona. In fact, tourists think that
1 1 D 2B 3C 4A 5D 6B the local people should be happy that so many people
want to visit Barcelona, as it must surely help the
2 Personal answers local economy. However, the real problem is that local
residents can no longer manage to pay the high cost
3 Personal answer of renting a flat in the city. This was one of the main
reasons for the march. People who have flats to rent
Test your knowledge 2 in Barcelona can make more money by renting them
to holidaymakers rather than to the local people. This
1 1B 2C 3A 4D 5C 6B means that local residents are forced to leave the city
and look for cheaper flats far from the centre.
2 Personal answers One example is Christine, an English woman, who
has been paying rent on the same flat in the old
3 Personal answer town of Barcelona for 17 years. She may now have
to leave what she considers her home, because the
Test your language owners can make more money with tourists. However,
Barcelona city council are trying to help its residents.
1 1 aimed 4 provides
In fact, they have just introduced a new law to try
2 active 5 offers
and keep the effects of tourism under control. They
3 responsible 6 purpose
have decided not to allow the building of any more
new hotels. What’s more, they will not give any more
2 1 commission 5 compare new licences to people who want to rent their flats to
2 bypass 6 share tourists. This should limit the number of beds on offer.
3 check in 7 increase At the moment, half of the beds in tourist flats have no
4 purchasing 8 comprise licence and are therefore illegal. In fact, the city council
is fighting against Airbnb, the main agency that often
3 1f 2d 3a 4e 5b 6c advertises flats to rent, even if the owners don’t have
a licence. Airbnb says that the majority of its clients
4 1F 2I 3F 4I 5F 6I in the city are people who rent rooms to make a little
extra money, as Spain is still going through a long
5 1 accommodation 6 quote period of financial crisis. The local people of Barcelona
2 Could 7 including would also like to have more local shops, more homes
3 check 8 advance instead of businesses, and control of the pollution
4 from 9 reply caused by private cars and cruise ships. The question
5 should 10 sincerely is: will somebody listen to them?

6 1 may I help you 4 Can I take a message 1 T 2F 3F 4T 5T 6F 7F

2 I’d like to speak 5 Can/Could you tell/ask
6 of course/certainly
3 I’m sorry
7 Goodbye
3 Personal answer

Test your skills Test your competences

1 Personal answers
1 Personal answer

2 2
2 1 People travel for many reasons: for leisure, business or
to visit friends and relatives.
About 2,000 people in Barcelona recently organised 2 The huge road network built by the Romans enabled
a protest against mass tourism in their city. This group them to travel with ease.
included residents and community groups from all 3 During the Renaissance, people went on religious
over Barcelona. These people are worried about the pilgrimages and needed services like food and a place
effects of tourism on their city as more and more to sleep.
tourists are arriving every year. In 2016, 9 million 4 During the Industrial Revolution, the middle classes in
people stayed in hotels in Barcelona, while another 9 England took short breaks for health reasons and went
million stayed in holiday apartments. Barcelona also to spas and seaside towns.
had another 12 million visitors who only came for the 5 International travel suddenly became more widespread
day, without staying overnight. These people arrived in the 1970s when people could reach far-flung parts
by car and train and also included passengers from by plane.

386 TESTS | Answer key and audioscripts

Test Unit 2 Sicily. Then there is the wonderful smell of orange
blossom, oregano and mint and the spectacular
Test your knowledge 1 view of the mountains and the crystal-clear blue
sea. So Sicily offers something for all your senses
1 1 C 2D 3B 4A 5D 6D to enjoy and attracts many tourists, above all, from
northern Europe. The problem is that Sicily is a big
2 Personal answers island so it’s difficult to see everything in just one
trip. Therefore, I recommend that you visit one part
3 Personal answer at a time. In my opinion, the ideal place to start is the
Ionian Coast, with its beautiful towns of Syracuse,
Test your knowledge 2 Taormina and Catania and of course Mount Etna,
Sicily’s famous volcano. Syracuse is a lively ancient
1 1B 2C 3A 4C 5D 6D city especially if you visit it when there is the street
market in the morning in the oldest part of the town.
2 Personal answers At the market, you can find all kinds of fresh fish, fruit
and vegetables and you can sample Syracuse’s street
3 Personal answer food, but don’t expect chips. Here they give you
freshly fried fish or oysters! Syracuse is also a great
Test your language place for sightseeing. The ruins of the 6th century
temple of Apollo, medieval palaces and the cathedral
1 1 growth 4 organisation
are just some of the historical places to visit. After a
2 competition 5 decision
huge earthquake in 1693, much of south-east Sicily
3 analysis 6 advertisement
was rebuilt in baroque style. Architects designed
the cities well so that the streets catch the sunlight,
2 1d 2f 3a 4e 5b 6c which gives you the feeling that you’re walking
through a vast work of art or a film set. There’s also
3 1 target 5 chain lots to do and see for those who prefer the coast.
2 customers 6 campaigns South of Syracuse, you can find one of Sicily’s biggest
3 resort 7 logo and most beautiful sandy beaches with clean, clear
4 sources 8 percentage water and in the background a wood of pine trees.
It’s easy to reach by car and is also a favourite with
4 1 catch 4 designed the local people. If, on the other hand, you prefer
2 images 5 operator something more energetic, you can turn inland and
3 number 6 package go trekking. Here you can admire the many waterfalls
and smooth rocks you pass on your way. So, I think
5 1 tired of 7 we are pleased you’ll agree with me when I say that Sicily has
2 come up with 8 forthcoming summer something to offer for everybody.
3 satisfy the needs season
4 the ideal place 9 all bookings made
1 F 2T 3F 4T 5T 6F 7T
5 to have fun 10 do not hesitate
6 both thrilling and safe 3 Personal answer

6 1 this is 5 am interested
Test your competences
2 could I/can I 6 your best price/offer

3 Speaking 7 will send
1 Personal answer
4 do for you
2 1 We have to promote our town to American clients who
Test your skills love the culture of our country.
2 This special offer will be available only until the end of
1 Personal answers the month, so hurry up and don’t miss this opportunity.
3 We are delighted to inform you that this year we have
2 3 added another two fabulous destinations to offer to
your customers.
German writer Goethe once said: ‘To have seen 4 As you can see, our prices are very reasonable and
Italy without having seen Sicily is not to have seen also include two half-day excursions.
Italy at all.’ If you think of all the beautiful cities in 5 Have you got a business card so I can send you further
Italy like Florence and Rome, then Sicily has a lot to details of our proposals for the forthcoming/next
compete with, but I can guarantee that you won’t season?
be disappointed. The first thing you will notice is
the quality of the light that reflects off the many
magnificent palaces and churches to be found in

Answer key and audioscripts | TE S TS 387

 Test Unit 3 advantages of this kind of job is that you have the chance
to do something different every day. It also gives you
Test your knowledge 1 the possibility of travelling all over the world and seeing
spectacular events like the Olympics or the World Cup,
1 1 D 2B 3C 4C 5D 6A or doing unusual things like having dinner in the Eiffel
Tower. It also gives you great satisfaction when you see
2 Personal answers the look of pleasure on people’s faces when they see or
do something for the first time. You’re there to share this
3 Personal answer fantastic experience with them. However, there are some
disadvantages too. For example, most tour directors are
Test your knowledge 2 not actually employed by a company, but they work for
themselves which means you need to have your own health
1 1C 2A 3D 4C 5A 6B insurance and are always looking for enough work to live
on. This can be especially difficult at the beginning of your
2 Personal answers career. Another downside to the job is that you might not
get much sleep, as evenings are spent confirming activities
3 Personal answer for the following day or preparing notes on the history or
culture of the next place you’re going to visit with your
Test your language group. People will notice straight away if you are not well
informed about the place you are visiting and that can
1 1 features 4 charge be very embarrassing especially if there’s someone in the
2 skills 5 knowledge group who loves asking difficult questions just to see if
3 prospects 6 duties you’ve done your homework on the place. Lastly, tours may
keep you away from home for weeks, which means you
2 1e 2a 3h 4c 5b 6g 7f 8d might have to miss important family events like weddings
or graduations. So for this job, you need to love every part
3 1 have been working 6 Have … booked of travelling and accept that you will have to live out of a
2 improved 7 has been suitcase and never get enough sleep. But I really love what I
3 has provided 8 gave do and could never do a normal 9 to 5 job.
4 has been looking for 9 have been waiting
5 dealt 10 has been trying 1 F 2F 3T 4F 5T 6F 7T

4 1d 2b 3a 4c 5f 6e 3 Personal answer

5 1 We are seeking 4 efficiently and promptly Test your competences

2 working as part of a 5 informing them of
team 6 Fluency in 1 Personal answer
3 a wide range of tasks
2 A Good morning, please take a seat. Well Francesco, first
6 1 response 5 learnt of all, tell me about yourself.
2 apply 6 further B Well, I’m 19 years old and I’ve just finished high school
3 degree 7 interview for Catering where I specialized in cooking.
4 placement A Ah good! And do you have any working experience in
our sector?
Test your skills B Well, since third year high school I have worked in local
restaurants where I had to help in the kitchen.
1 Personal answers A And what were your duties?
B At first, they only let me wash and cut up vegetables,
2 4 then they started getting me to do more interesting
things like making different sauces and some second
Finding your dream job isn’t easy. The only thing I was courses. Ah, and I can also make homemade pasta, but
sure of when I first started looking for a job was that I It was my grandmother that taught me to do this.
didn’t want to sit in an office all day long and sell holiday A And, in your opinion, what are your qualities and your faults?
destinations. That’s why I chose to become a tour director. B In my opinion, my best quality is my patience, because I
A tour director is responsible for logistics, confirmations, think you need to be very patient both with the people
planning and group dynamics. You also have to have a you work with and with the type of job I’d like to do – in
wide knowledge of history and culture. If for example you the kitchen it takes time to make sure that a dish comes
are with a tour group doing a cruise, you may have the out well. Maybe a fault might be that I’m a bit shy.
help of a tour guide for a few hours who will give specific A Well, Francesco, thank you for the moment and we
information about a particular place, but you are the one will let you know our decision as soon as possible.
that has to answer all the other never-ending questions B Thank you for having given me this opportunity, good
that your group comes up with. One of the greatest morning.

388 TESTS | Answer key and audioscripts

Test Unit 4 whether you choose the water trail or the land trail. Each
however includes a visit to the indigenous communities
Test your knowledge 1 of this area. If you decide to do the water trail, as you
go down the Sierpe River, you’ll get the chance to
1 1 B 2C 3C 4D 5A 6C see crocodiles, toucans and crazy lizards that walk on
water. Another good way to appreciate this spectacular
2 Personal answers landscape and its biodiversity is on horseback. As you
ride through the forests, you come across a wide variety
3 Personal answer
of trees, plants and animals all concentrated into this area.
Costa Rica invested in its national parks system in the
Test your knowledge 2
70s and it has been very successful in conservation but
1 1D 2C 3A 4D 5B 6C ecotourism is still relatively new. People who live in the
parks would like to earn a living through tourism, but at
2 Personal answers the moment there are too many regulations that make the
whole procedure very difficult. Apart from its rainforests,
3 Personal answer the Osa peninsula has a wild coastline. The crashing waves
of the Pacific land on the sandy beaches and behind the
Test your language beaches there is the jungle. However, tourists are advised
not to go swimming in these waters as there are sharks,
1 1b 2a 3e 4f 5c 6d but scuba diving off the coast is a big attraction. There is
a biological reserve 10 miles from the coast where you can
2 1 sunset 5 land do scuba diving and see turtles and sharks in their natural
2 combine 6 require habitat, and not disturbed by the presence of tourists.
3 travel 7 held After a night camping on the beach, the last part of the
4 take 8 tour tour takes you through the jungle, where there is a huge
variety of animals to catch a glimpse of if you’re lucky. It’s
3 1 the 4 the

a great tour if you like nature, but remember to bring your
2 the 5a

trekking boots and leave your surfboard at home, just in
3 an case any sharks are about.

4 1 attractive 4 Symbols

1 F 2T 3F 4T 5F 6F 7T
2 highlighting 5 users

3 aspects 6 navigate
3 Personal answer

5 1 stay 4 advise you Test your competences

2 wouldn’t go 5 don’t you
3 trying/that you try 1 Personal answer

6 1d 2f 3e 4c 5b 6a 2 Sonya Good morning, I’m phoning for some

information about a holiday in your city.
7 1 located /situated 5 daily
Heather Of course, are you interested in hotels or
2 hosts/houses 6 possible
cheaper options?
3 accessible 7 variety
Sonya Well, since I’m a student, I’d prefer somewhere
4 admission to stay that isn’t too expensive but at the same
time as near the centre as possible because I’ll
Test your skills need to use public transport to get about.
Heather How many nights are you going to stay?
1 Personal answers Sonya I think five, then I’d like to tour up north. I’ve
never been to Scotland and I’d like to see as
2 5 much as possible.
Heather Of course, in that case I think hostels are the best
Costa Rica has been well known for its national parks solution for you. They are comfortable, don’t cost
for many years, but the government has only recently a lot and can be found all over Scotland.
become involved in protecting the people and wildlife that Sonya Great! And what’s the best period to visit your
live in these spectacular habitats. National Geographic has country?
called Costa Rica’s Osa peninsula, ‘the most biologically Heather To be honest, if we’re talking about the weather
intense place on Earth,’ and most of this biodiversity is there isn’t a period where you are guaranteed
protected by the Corcovado National Park. Before, people good weather, not even in summer, but if
used to ruin this area digging for gold or hunting wild you want to see something really spectacular
pigs, but now local businesses have got together and I suggest coming in August when there’s the
organise four to six day tours of this area. These trips can Edinburgh Festival. Would you like me to send
include special interest activities like trekking, kayaking, you further information?
horse riding or diving and snorkelling, depending on Sonya That would be great. Here’s my address.

Answer key and audioscripts | TE S TS 389

 Test Unit 5 departs from Moscow twice a week and this is where I
set off from in February. Although most people choose
Test your knowledge 1 a summer trip because of the endless hours of daylight,
I preferred to do the journey in winter when Siberia is at
1 1 C 2D 3B 4A 5D 6B its most beautiful, immersed in a blanket of pure white
snow. I travelled in second-class, in a neat and narrow
2 Personal answers four-berth compartment that even had TV. I chose
second-class as there was more of a chance of meeting
3 Personal answer the local people, rather than the more sophisticated but
more antisocial first-class compartments. Luckily, under
Test your knowledge 2 the bunks, there were powerful heaters that kept the
place nice and warm. The first leg of the journey lasted
1 1C 2D 3A 4B 5B 6C three days and when we got to Irkutsk in Siberia there
was a break of two nights before continuing the journey
2 Personal answers for another three days to Vladivostok on the Pacific edge
of Asia. Progress was slow and we never went any faster
3 Personal answer than 43mph. The most wonderful aspect of this journey
is what you can see looking out of the window. As we
Test your language left Moscow I could see the painted summer houses
then later was able to compare them with the very
1 1 extension 5 cancellation different Siberian huts with their painted shutters. Every
2 extended 6 cancelled now and then, someone passed to check our tickets
3 insurance 7 treatment and give us clean bedding. They also sold stuffed buns,
4 insure 8 treat which were eaten with hot tea made by the passengers
themselves. Outside, there were huge housing blocks
2 1d 2f 3a 4b 5c 6e around industrial towns and the temperature outside was
minus 20, but we were cosy enough in our berths. There
3 1 whose 6 On was also a dining car on the train that served thick soup
2 since 7 takes with sour cream and lots of fried potatoes so I didn’t
3 cost 8 There are go hungry. However, the dining car was pretty empty as
4 in 9 Do most Russians prefer to eat their own picnic. All and all
5 between 10 wish I can honestly say this train journey is the best way to
enjoy the spectacular scenery that is unique to this part
4 1c 2b 3e 4f 5d 6a of the world, especially in winter!

5 1 save up 5 are like

1 T 2F 3F 4F 5T 6F 7F
2 details of 6 you waiting
3 available from 7 of a 3 Personal answer
4 back to
Test your competences
6 1 would be grateful 4 ideal departure date
2 your availability and 5 quote us your best 1 Personal answer
price price
3 the following itinerary 6 specify what is included 2 Dear Mr Burton,
Thank you for your enquiry regarding the hire of a minibus.
Test your skills As a self-drive, we can rent you a 7-seater car or a
minibus for up to nine people. Any larger vehicles, by
1 Personal answers law, must be rented with a driver.
For your clients, who are travelling with sports
2 6 equipment, I recommend the minibus even if there are
only seven people in the group. In this way, they will have
I was very excited about the thought of travelling plenty of space for their luggage and they will be more
on the world’s longest railway line that was built just comfortable. Our minibuses are Custom or Transporter
over a hundred years ago. My journey from Moscow models and are maximum three years old.
to Vladivostok in Russia would last seven days and For 10 days hire, with pick up and drop off at Florence
promised to pass through some spectacular snowy airport, the total amount is €759. This includes unlimited
landscapes to be found in the heart of winter in this part mileage, insurance and tax and the possibility of naming
of the world. For many foreigners in fact, it represents two drivers, who must be over 25. If you wish to add
one of the most romantic train journeys on offer with other drivers, please let us know.
the chance to travel across the largest country on Earth We look forward to receiving your booking.
while getting an insight into the Russian mentality that Kind regards,
normal tourists don’t get a chance to discover. The train Giovanni Testa

390 TESTS | Answer key and audioscripts

Test Unit 6 be “budget hotels”. Sometimes these high prices are just
not justified. After all, all you really need is a good bed, a
Test your knowledge 1 bathroom with shower and maybe a TV. This new hostel
in Nottingham has everything I was looking for. They offer
1 1 C 2 A 3 D 4 B 5A 6C
different types of accommodation from private double
2 Personal answers rooms with private bathroom, family rooms, pod-like ‘sleep
boxes’ and dormitories with up to six beds. Obviously, the
3 Personal answer standard is very basic and there are no free toiletries here,
but the place is clean and safe. Everyone has to strip their
Test your knowledge 2 own bed before they leave, but the mattress is comfortable
and you are assured of a relatively peaceful night’s sleep
1 1B 2D 3D 4B 5B 6C
even if the thin walls of this former office building mean
2 Personal answers that you might need earplugs to block out the noise from
the other rooms nearby. The place has a cosy atmosphere
3 Personal answer with its mix of modern and vintage furniture and is carpeted
throughout. The rooms even have a mirror and a writing
Test your language desk. Everything is neat and functional. There’s a kitchen
on the ground floor where guests can cook their own meals
1 1g 2h 3f 4b 5a 6e 7d 8c and a lounge area and courtyard where you can hang out
and meet new people. The average age of guests is 25 or
2 1b 2a 3e 4f 5c 6d
under so it’s definitely a winner with young travellers. The
3 1e 2f 3d 4a 5b 6c only downside is that there is no restaurant or bar, so if
you don’t like cooking that could be a bit of a drawback,
4 1 fully-equipped 4 marble but there are plenty of eating places nearby. Therefore,
2 prime 5 friendly I’d definitely recommend trying out this hostel as a way
3 impeccable of avoiding the overpriced rooms in most chain hotels. A
double room here with bathroom costs only £39, so it’s a
5 1 This Victorian building will be turned into holiday flats real money-saver.
next year.
2 Guests are taken to the airport in the private mini-bus. 1 F 2T 3T 4T 5F 6F 7F
3 This holiday village was built five years ago.
4 Lunch is served between noon and 2 p.m.
3 Personal answer
5 Drinks have not been included in the price of the meal. Test your competences
6 1 four-star hotels 4 impressive range of
1 Travel Agent Good morning, Sun and Sea Travel, how can I
2 landscaped tropical 5 A delightful feature
help you?
3 the heart of 6 equipped with
Mr Jones Good morning, I’d like to speak to the
manager please.
7 1 availability 5 (ensuite) bathrooms
Travel Agent I’m sorry, but Mr Thompson isn’t in at the
2 require/need 6 there is
moment. Do you want to leave a message
3 twin room 7 transfer/shuttle service
and I’ll get him to call you back as soon as
4 each other possible?
Mr Jones Can you tell Mr Thompson that I’m very
Test your skills annoyed and disappointed about our week’s
1 Personal answers holiday in Maiorca that I booked through your
agency? I’ve just come back and feel that my
2 7 wife and I need another holiday to recover!
Travel Agent I’m very sorry. What happened?
I’m not usually that keen on youth hostels, but I have to say Mr Jones Well, first of all, our flight was delayed for 10
that I was pleasantly surprised and impressed by this hostel hours, so we lost the first day of our holiday
in Nottingham that offers much better value for money than because we didn’t arrive at our destination
many big hotel chains. Up until now, I’ve always had a rather until 2 in the morning. Then our hotel, the
low opinion of hostels. I don’t like the idea of those kind of Grand Hotel, didn’t have a reservation in my
places where you have to sleep in a room full of people you name so we had to wait until 7 before
don’t know and probably shouldn’t really trust. Therefore, getting a room.
I wasn’t exactly looking forward to my experience in the Travel Agent I’m sure Mr Thompson will look into the
hostel in Nottingham, already imagining a rather unhealthy matter to understand how such a thing could
and dirty environment that even might be a bit dangerous. have happened in the hotel. Then I hope the
However, what persuaded me to try out the experience of rest of your holiday went well…
hostels accommodation was the fact that nowadays it’s Mr Jones Not at all! The hotel staff was very rude, the
becoming more and more expensive to find value for money service was awful and the food too. In your
in hotels in UK cities, even in the ones that are supposed to catalogue, this hotel is described as a

Answer key and audioscripts | TE S TS 391

 four-star luxury hotel… here they didn’t Test your competences
deserve even one star! Therefore, I think that
it is only right that your agency offers us 1 1 T 2F 3F 4T 5F 6F
some kind of compensation for all that we’ve
been through. 2 1 What time does the tour start?
Mr Jones Very well, Mr Jones, I’ll tell Mr Thompson all 2 Can I bring my pet/dog?
about it as soon as he gets back to the office. 3 How long does it take to get to Siena?
4 Is lunch included in the price of the trip?
2 Personal answer
5 Can I go up the Leaning Tower of Pisa?
6 Is there anyone who speaks German on the tour?
Test Unit 7
3 Personal answer
Test your knowledge
1 1 C 2C 3A 4B 5D 6C 7B 8A 9D 10 B Test Unit 8
2 1 F 2T 3T 4F 5T 6F 7T 8F 9T 10 F Test your knowledge

3 Personal answers 1 1 C 2D 3B 4C 5C 6A 7D 8B 9C 10 A

4 Personal answer 2 1 F 2T 3T 4F 5T 6F 7T 8F 9T 10 F

Test your language 3 Personal answers

1 1 popularity 6 founded 4 Personal answer
2 hilltop 7 guided
3 itinerary 8 ideal Test your language
4 strolling 9 stop
5 boasts 10 boat 1 1 find 6 discover
2 dates 7 explore
8 miss
2 1 You should plan to spend at least two weeks 3 head
4 get 9 marvel
2 the best time of year is June
5 works 10 look
3 You’re bound to come across
4 visiting Taormina is a must
5 I’d recommend driving 2 1 we begin our day
6 It would be a shame to miss 2 you’ll have the chance to
7 take a leisurely stroll through 3 you’ll be captivated by
8 insight into just some of the history and art 4 I am really keen on
9 if you fancy something more exciting 5 you’ll have plenty of time for
10 choose from the many 6 unlike other tours
7 free time for individual sightseeing
Test your skills
Test your skills
1 Personal answers
1 Personal answers
2 8
2 9
One of the lesser-known galleries in Rome, but
This captivating visit lasts (1) two and a half hours and
nonetheless well worth a visit, is Rome’s MAAM gallery
during this time, you will learn about the existence of
that (1) houses works from artists from all over the world.
man and his progress through the centuries. This guided
Before becoming a gallery, this building was a (2) salami
tour will explain many questions about the history of
factory. Nowadays, many of the works of art on show are
the world and mankind, like why our ancestors chose to
inspired by the lives of its (3) residents, 200 squatters,
abandon their nomadic way of life (2) for farming. You
80 of them children. It all started in 2011, when Giorgio
will be able to view objects from all over the world.
de Finis came across the building, occupied by
The tour is available on Thursdays, Fridays and Saturdays
(4) homeless migrants. He started to organise
and starts at 2 p.m. and includes some of the museum’s
performances and art events there with the help of the
(3) most treasured objects, like the Rosetta Stone,
(5) inhabitants and it has now become one of Rome’s
dating back to 196 BC. A short break is included and you
most important (6) contemporary art spaces exhibiting
can buy something to eat or drink at the Court Café and
murals, (7) installations and paintings produced by over
Pizzeria. Your guide will meet you at the King Edward
three hundred artists from all over the world.
entrance on Montague Place. If you’re not very familiar
3 Personal answer with London, this is the (4) north entrance and you will

392 TESTS | Answer key and audioscripts

 recognise it because there are (5) two stone lions on 9 Other facilities onboard
each side of the main door. After you have gone through 10 for bookings made before the end of
the bag check, you will meet your guide. You will be able
to spot your guide no bother as he or she will be the one Test your skills
with the (6) orange umbrella. The tour will then start in
the Queen Elizabeth II Great Court, at the heart of the 1 Personal answers
British Museum. This was once an open courtyard, but
it is now the largest covered public square in Europe,
2 10
covered by an awesome (7) glass and steel roof. The This buzzing city is on the New England coast of the USA
court contains twelve sculptures from the museum and offers the tourist the chance to discover the art and
collection that introduce you to the cultures represented music of this area. There is a strong sense of community
in the galleries you will go on to visit. and locals are proud of the transformation Portland has
undergone over the past two decades from a rough-
3 Personal answer and-ready port town to one of the best places to live in
the US. Maine has been a popular tourist attraction for
Test your competences Americans in the summer for years. Come to enjoy its
coastline, campsites and outdoor activities. However,
1 1 T 2F 3F 4T 5T 6F residents in Portland are out and about every weekend
in the winter too, mostly to savour the excellent fish and
2 1 The best way of getting to the castle is by train from seafood that can be found in this area. The arts district
Glasgow or Edinburgh. can be found in the west end of town, where the Maine
2 It is open seven days a week and it costs £14.50. College of Art (Meca) is situated. Here you can see the
3 Yes, in the palace vaults there are fun, interactive permanent collection of Bob Crewe, songwriter and
exhibitions suitable for children. producer for the Four Seasons. Through him, Portland
4 They are oak medallions of kings, queens, nobles, has the first art school in America that also has a music
Roman emperors, characters from the Bible and programme. This music theme is also present in the
Classical mythology and you can find them in the Space Gallery, just a short distance away that organises
Stirling Heads Gallery on the upper floor of the castle. gigs, events and exhibitions. There is also a not-for-profit
5 No, you don’t have to/needn’t take a guide but I organisation, called The Art Department, that gives local
highly recommend you do so. artists the opportunity to create and sell their products,
6 Yes, it’s definitely worth a visit. that range from prints and crafts to clothing. The Bayside
area of the city used to be an industrial zone but has
3 Personal answer been given a face-lift and is now home to delis, bike
shops, pottery and woodworking studios and promotes
projects aimed at helping the local youth and low-
Test Unit 9 income residents. It has also become the place to be for
bowling, since an old vending-machine warehouse was
Test your knowledge transformed into a 12-lane bowling alley.

1 1 A 2B 3C 4D 5C 6D 7A 8C 9A 10 B 1 buzzing 5 songwriter
2 community 6 gigs
2 1 T 2F 3T 4F 5F 6T 7F 8F 9F 10 T
3 campsites 7 prints
3 Personal answers 4 seafood

4 Personal answer 3 Personal answer

Test your language Test your competences

1 1 situated 6 admire 1 1 F 2T 3T 4F 5T 6F
2 covers 7 thrilling
3 immerse 8 trails 2 Busch Gardens Theme park is situated in Wiliamsburg,
4 beauty 9 stunning Virginia and is open all year round, except for the
5 float 10 lodges Water Park that is only open from May to September.
A day pass costs $77 for children 10 or over and $67 for
2 1 We set sail from children between the ages of 3 and 9. The theme of this
2 the cruise lasts nine days park is nine different European cities and you will be
3 There are six ports of call able to enjoy the unique style of each and try the food
4 interesting shore excursions from each country too. The most popular countries are
5 ensuite bathroom and shower France, Scotland and Germany. Kids will love the rides
6 a more casual atmosphere and especially the thrilling roller coasters.
7 Spacious decks
8 nightly entertainment 3 Personal answer

Answer key and audioscripts | TE S TS 393

 OBIETTIVI MINIMI - TESTS
Answer key and audioscripts
Test Unit 1 residents can no longer manage to pay the high cost
of renting a flat in the city. This was one of the main
Test your knowledge 1 reasons for the march. People who have flats to rent
in Barcelona can make more money by renting them
1 1 C 2B 3C 4C 5B
to holidaymakers rather than to the local people. This
means that local residents are forced to leave the city
2 Personal answers
and look for cheaper flats far from the centre.
One example is Christine, an English woman, who
Test your knowledge 2
has been paying rent on the same flat in the old
town of Barcelona for 17 years. She may now have
1 1B 2C 3A 4C 5B
to leave what she considers her home, because the
2 Personal answers owners can make more money with tourists. However,
Barcelona city council are trying to help its residents.
Test your language In fact, they have just introduced a new law to try
and keep the effects of tourism under control. They
1 1 aimed 4 provides have decided not to allow the building of any more
2 active 5 purpose new hotels. What’s more, they will not give any more
3 responsible new licences to people who want to rent their flats to
tourists. This should limit the number of beds on offer.
2 1 commission 4 purchasing At the moment, half of the beds in tourist flats have no
2 bypass 5 share licence and are therefore illegal. In fact, the city council
3 check in is fighting against Airbnb, the main agency that often
advertises flats to rent, even if the owners don’t have
3 1c 2d 3a 4e 5b a licence. Airbnb says that the majority of its clients
in the city are people who rent rooms to make a little
4 1F 2I 3F 4I 5F extra money, as Spain is still going through a long
period of financial crisis. The local people of Barcelona
5 1 Could 4 including would also like to have more local shops, more homes
2 from 5 reply instead of businesses, and control of the pollution
3 quote 6 sincerely caused by private cars and cruise ships. The question
is: will somebody listen to them?
6 1 help 5 tell/ask
2 like 6 of course/certainly 1 T 2F 3T 4T
3 sorry 7 Goodbye
4 message Test your competences

Test your skills 1 1 information you requested

2 June and August for
1 Personal answers 3 Flights leaving Gatwick
4 Accommodation in a
2 2 5 includes an excursion

About 2,000 people in Barcelona recently organised

a protest against mass tourism in their city. This group
2 1 Le persone viaggiano per molti motivi: per svago, per
affari o per fare visita ad amici e parenti.
included residents and community groups from all
2 L’enorme rete stradale costruita dai Romani
over Barcelona. These people are worried about the
permetteva loro di viaggiare comodamente.
effects of tourism on their city as more and more
3 Durante il Rinascimento, le persone facevano dei
tourists are arriving every year. In 2016, 9 million
pellegrinaggi religiosi e avevano bisogno di servizi
people stayed in hotels in Barcelona, while another 9
come cibo e un posto per dormire.
million stayed in holiday apartments. Barcelona also
4 Durante la Rivoluzione Industriale, le classi medie in
had another 12 million visitors who only came for the
Inghilterra facevano delle brevi vacanze per motivi di
day, without staying overnight. These people arrived
salute e andavano alle terme e in città balneari.
by car and train and also included passengers from
5 I viaggi internazionali diventarono improvvisamente
cruise ships, as Barcelona is an important port.
più diffusi negli anni Settanta quando le persone
Many tourists couldn’t understand why the protesters
potevano raggiungere posti lontani con l’aereo.
were marching down the Rambla, one of the most
famous streets in Barcelona. In fact, tourists think that
the local people should be happy that so many people
want to visit Barcelona, as it must surely help the
local economy. However, the real problem is that local

394 O BIETTI V I M INI MI – TES TS | Answer key and audioscripts

Test Unit 2 opinion, the ideal place to start is the Ionian Coast,
with its beautiful towns of Syracuse, Taormina and
Test your knowledge 1 Catania and of course Mount Etna, Sicily’s famous
volcano. Syracuse is a lively ancient city especially
1 1 C 2C 3B 4A 5B if you visit it when there is the street market in
the morning in the oldest part of the town. At the
2 Personal answers market, you can find all kinds of fresh fish, fruit and
vegetables and you can sample Syracuse’s street
Test your knowledge 2 food, but don’t expect chips. Here they give you
freshly fried fish or oysters! Syracuse is also a great
1 1B 2C 3A 4C 5A place for sightseeing. The ruins of the 6th century
temple of Apollo, medieval palaces and the cathedral
2 Personal answers are just some of the historical places to visit. After a
huge earthquake in 1693, much of south-east Sicily
Test your language was rebuilt in baroque style. Architects designed the
cities well so that the streets catch the sunlight, which
1 1 growth 4 organisation
gives you the feeling that you’re walking through
2 competition 5 decision
a vast work of art or a film set. There’s also lots to
3 analysis do and see for those who prefer the coast. South of
Syracuse, you can find one of Sicily’s biggest and
2 1d 2c 3a 4e 5b
most beautiful sandy beaches with clean, clear water
and in the background a wood of pine trees. It’s easy
3 1 target 4 sources
to reach by car and is also a favourite with the local
2 customers 5 chain
people. If, on the other hand you prefer something
3 resort
more energetic, you can turn inland and go trekking.
Here you can admire the many waterfalls and smooth
4 1 catch 4 designed
rocks you pass on your way. So, I think you’ll agree
2 images 5 operator
with me when I say that Sicily has something to offer
3 number
for everybody.
5 1 come up with 5 forthcoming summer
2 the ideal place season 1 T 2F 3T 4F
3 thrilling and safe 6 all bookings made
4 we are pleased Test your competences

6 1 this 5 interested 1 1 what you’re looking

2 could /can 6 price/offer 2 many facilities like
3 Speaking 7 send 3 a double room
4 do 4 direct flights from
5 already been reduced
Test your skills
2 1 Dobbiamo promuovere la nostra città presso la
1 Personal answers clientela americana che ama la cultura del nostro
Paese.
2 3 2 Questa offerta speciale sarà disponibile solo fino alla
fine del mese, perciò affrettatevi e non perdete questa
German writer Goethe once said: ‘To have seen occasione.
Italy without having seen Sicily is not to have seen 3 Siamo lieti di informarVi che quest’anno abbiamo
Italy at all.’ If you think of all the beautiful cities in aggiunto altre due splendide destinazioni da proporre
Italy like Florence and Rome, then Sicily has a lot to alla Vostra clientela.
compete with, but I can guarantee that you won’t 4 Come potete notare, i nostri prezzi sono molto
be disappointed. The first thing you will notice is ragionevoli e comprendono anche due escursioni di
the quality of the light that reflects off the many mezza giornata ciascuna.
magnificent palaces and churches to be found in 5 Ha un biglietto da visita in modo che possa inviarLe
Sicily. Then there is the wonderful smell of orange ulteriori dettagli delle nostre proposte per la prossima
blossom, oregano and mint and the spectacular view stagione?
of the mountains and the crystal-clear blue sea. So
Sicily offers something for all your senses to enjoy
and attracts many tourists, above all, from northern
Europe. The problem is that Sicily is a big island so it’s
difficult to see everything in just one trip. Therefore,
I recommend that you visit one part at a time. In my

Answer key and audioscripts | OB I ET TI V I M I N I M I – T E STS 395

 Test Unit 3 look of pleasure on people’s faces when they see or
do something for the first time. You’re there to share
Test your knowledge 1 this fantastic experience with them. However, there
are some disadvantages too. For example, most tour
1 1 A 2B 3C 4C 5A directors are not actually employed by a company but
work for themselves which means you need to have
2 Personal answers your own health insurance and are always looking
for enough work to live on. This can be especially
Test your knowledge 2 difficult at the beginning of your career. Another
downside to the job is that you might not get much
1 1C 2A 3A 4C 5A sleep, as evenings are spent confirming activities for
the following day or preparing notes on the history or
2 Personal answers
culture of the next place you’re going to visit with your
group. People will notice straight away if you are not
Test your language well informed about the place you are visiting and that
can be very embarrassing especially if there’s someone
1 1 features 4 charge
in the group who loves asking difficult questions just to
2 skills 5 knowledge
see if you’ve done your homework on the place. Lastly,
3 prospects
tours may keep you away from home for weeks, which
means you might have to miss important family events
2 1e 2a 3d 4c 5b
like weddings or graduations. So for this job, you need
to love every part of travelling and accept that you will
3 1 have been working 4 Have … booked
have to live out of a suitcase and never get enough
2 improved 5 has been
sleep. But I really love what I do and could never do a
3 has been looking for
normal 9 to 5 job.
4 1d 2e 3a 4c 5b
1 T 2F 3F 4T
5 1 are seeking 4 efficiently and

2 working as part of 5 informing them
Test your competences
3 a wide range 6 Fluency in

1 1 tourist guide for local cultural
6 1 advertisement 5 learnt 2 as advertised
2
resort 6 information 3 both English
3
degree 7 interview 4 good knowledge of
4
placement 5 would be

Test your skills 2 A Buongiorno, si accomodi. Allora Francesco, prima di

tutto, mi dica qualcosa di lei.
1 Personal answers B Allora, ho diciannove anni e ho appena finito la scuola
alberghiera, dove mi sono specializzato in cucina.
2 4 A Ah bene, e ha qualche esperienza lavorativa nel nostro
settore?
Finding your dream job isn’t easy. The only thing I was B Beh, dal terzo anno della scuola superiore ho lavorato
sure of when I first started looking for a job was that in ristoranti della zona dove dovevo aiutare in cucina.
I didn’t want to sit in an office all day long and sell A E quali erano le sue mansioni?
holiday destinations. That’s why I chose to become a B All’inizio mi facevano solo lavare e tagliare la verdura,
tour director. A tour director is responsible for logistics, poi hanno cominciato a farmi fare delle cose più
confirmations, planning and group dynamics. You also interessanti, tipo preparare vari sughi e qualche
have to have a wide knowledge of history and culture. secondo. Ah, e so anche fare la pasta a mano, ma
If for example you are with a tour group doing a cruise, questo me l’ha insegnato mia nonna.
you may have the help of a tour guide for a few hours A E, secondo lei, quali sono i suoi pregi e difetti?
who will give specific information about a particular B Secondo me, il mio pregio più grande è la pazienza,
place, but you are the one that has to answer all the perché secondo me bisogna avere pazienza sia con
other never-ending questions that your group comes le persone con cui lavori sia con il tipo di lavoro che
up with. One of the greatest advantages of this kind vorrei fare — in cucina ci vuole tempo per far sì che un
of job is that you have the chance to do something piatto riesca bene. Come difetto, invece, forse sono un
different every day. It also gives you the possibility of po’ timido.
travelling all over the world and seeing spectacular A Bene, Francesco, la ringrazio per il momento e le
events like the Olympics or the World Cup, or doing faremo sapere la nostra decisione appena possibile.
unusual things like having dinner in the Eiffel Tower. B Grazie per avermi dato questa possibilità, buongiorno.
It also gives you great satisfaction when you see the

396 O BIETTI V I M INI MI – TES TS | Answer key and audioscripts

Test Unit 4 landscape and its biodiversity is on horseback. As
you ride through the forests, you come across a wide
Test your knowledge 1 variety of trees, plants and animals all concentrated
into this area. Costa Rica invested in its national parks
1 1 B 2C 3C 4B 5A system in the 70s and it has been very successful in
conservation but ecotourism is still relatively new.
2 Personal answers People who live in the parks would like to earn a living
through tourism but at the moment there are too
Test your knowledge 2 many regulations that make the whole procedure very
difficult. Apart from its rainforests, the Osa peninsula
1 1B 2C 3A 4A 5B has a wild coastline. The crashing waves of the Pacific
land on the sandy beaches and behind the beaches
2 Personal answers
there is the jungle. However, tourists are advised not to
go swimming in these waters as there are sharks, but
Test your language scuba diving off the coast is a big attraction. There is
a biological reserve 10 miles from the coast where you
1 1b 2a 3e 4c 5d
can do scuba diving and see turtles and sharks in their
natural habitat, and not disturbed by the presence of
2 1 sunset 4 land
tourists. After a night camping on the beach, the last
2 combine 5 tour
part of the tour takes you through the jungle, where
3 take
there is a huge variety of animals to catch a glimpse
of if you’re lucky. It’s a great tour if you like nature, but
3 1 the 4 the

remember to bring your trekking boots and leave your
2 the 5a

surfboard at home, just in case any sharks are about.
3 an

1 F 2F 3T 4T
4 1 attractive 4 Symbols

2 highlighting
5 users

3 aspects

Test your competences

5 1d 2f 3e 4c 5b 6a 1 1 for your enquiry 4 included in the price

2 can offer/give you 5 able to provide them
6 1 located /situated 5 daily
3 most famous sights like
2
hosts/houses 6 possible

3
accessible 7 variety
2 Sonya Buongiorno, chiamo per avere delle
4
admission informazioni riguardanti un soggiorno nella
vostra città.
Test your skills Heather Certo, le interessano alberghi oppure delle
soluzioni più economiche?
1 Personal answers Sonya Beh, dato che sono studentessa, preferirei
una sistemazione non troppo cara, ma
2 5 comunque il più vicino possibile al centro
perché dovrei usare i mezzi pubblici per
Costa Rica has been well known for its national parks andare in giro.
for many years, but the government has only recently Heather Quante notti ha intenzione di rimanere?
become involved in protecting the people and wildlife Sonya Penso, cinque, poi vorrei fare un giro al
that live in these spectacular habitats. National nord. Non sono mai stata in Scozia e vorrei
Geographic has called Costa Rica’s Osa peninsula, ‘the vedere il più possibile.
most biologically intense place on Earth,’ and most Heather Certo, in tal caso penso che la soluzione
of this biodiversity is protected by the Corcovado migliore per lei siano gli ostelli. Sono comodi,
National Park. Before, people used to ruin this area costano poco e ci sono in tutta la Scozia.
digging for gold or hunting wild pigs, but now local Sonya Perfetto! E qual è il periodo migliore per
businesses have got together and organise four to six visitare il vostro Paese?
day tours of this area. These trips can include special Heather Veramente, se parliamo del tempo non c’è
interest activities like trekking, kayaking, horse riding un periodo dove il bel tempo è garantito,
or diving and snorkelling, depending on whether you nemmeno d’estate, ma se vuole vedere una
choose the water trail or the land trail. Each however cosa davvero spettacolare le consiglio di
includes a visit to the indigenous communities of this venire in agosto quando c’è il festival di
area. If you decide to do the water trail, as you go Edimburgo. Vuole che le mandi ulteriori
down the Sierpe River, you’ll get the chance to see informazioni?
crocodiles, toucans and crazy lizards that walk on Sonya Sarebbe perfetto. Ecco il mio indirizzo.
water. Another good way to appreciate this spectacular

Answer key and audioscripts | OB I ET TI V I M I N I M I – T E STS 397

 Test Unit 5 berth compartment that even had TV. I chose second-
class as there was more of a chance of meeting the
Test your knowledge 1 local people, rather than the more sophisticated but
more antisocial first-class compartments. Luckily,
1 1 C 2A 3B 4A 5B under the bunks, there were powerful heaters that kept
the place nice and warm. The first leg of the journey
2 Personal answers lasted three days and when we got to Irkutsk in Siberia
there was a break of two nights before continuing the
Test your knowledge 2 journey for another three days to Vladivostok on the
Pacific edge of Asia. Progress was slow and we never
1 1C 2B 3A 4B 5C went any faster than 43mph. The most wonderful
aspect of this journey is what you can see looking
2 Personal answers
out of the window. As we left Moscow I could see the
painted summer houses then later was able to compare
Test your language them with the very different Siberian huts with their
painted shutters. Every now and then, someone passed
1 1 extension 4 treatment
to check our tickets and give us clean bedding. They
2 insurance 5 choice
also sold stuffed buns, which were eaten with hot tea
3 cancellation
made by the passengers themselves. Outside, there
were huge housing blocks around industrial towns and
2 1d 2e 3a 4b 5c
the temperature outside was minus 20, but we were
cosy enough in our berths. There was also a dining car
3 1 whose 4 between
on the train that served thick soup with sour cream and
2 since 5 wish
lots of fried potatoes so I didn’t go hungry. However,
3 in
the dining car was pretty empty as most Russians
4 1c 2b 3d 4e 5a
prefer to eat their own picnic. All and all I can honestly
say this train journey is the best way to enjoy the
5 1 save 5 like
spectacular scenery that is unique to this part of the
2
details 6 waiting
world, especially in winter!
3
from 7 of

4
back 1 T 2F 3T 4F

6 1 be grateful 4 departure date

Test your competences
2 availability and 5 quote us

3 following itinerary 6 what is
1 1 am writing 4 please suggest the
2 of seven clients 5 arrive and leave from
3 they will need
Test your skills
2 Egregio Sig. Brown,
1 Personal answers grazie per la Sua richiesta riguardo al noleggio di un
minibus.
2 6 Come vettura da noleggiare senza autista Vi possiamo
dare a noleggio una macchina a sette posti oppure un
I was very excited about the thought of travelling minibus che ospita fino a nove persone. Qualsiasi vettura
on the world’s longest railway line that was built just più grande, per legge, deve essere noleggiata con un
over a hundred years ago. My journey from Moscow autista. Per i suoi clienti, che viaggiano con attrezzature
to Vladivostok in Russia would last seven days and sportive, Le consiglio il minibus anche se ci sono solo
promised to pass through some spectacular snowy sette persone nel gruppo. In questo modo, avranno
landscapes to be found in the heart of winter in this molto spazio per i bagagli e staranno più comodi.
part of the world. For many foreigners in fact, it I nostri minibus sono i modelli Custom oppure
represents one of the most romantic train journeys Transporter e hanno massimo tre anni.
on offer with the chance to travel across the largest Per un noleggio di 10 giorni, con ritiro e restituzione
country on Earth while getting an insight into the all’aeroporto di Firenze, l’importo totale è di 759 euro.
Russian mentality that normal tourists don’t get a Questo include chilometraggio illimitato, assicurazione e
chance to discover. The train departs from Moscow tasse e la possibilità di indicare due autisti, che devono
twice a week and this is where I set off from in avere più di 25 anni. Se desiderate aggiungere altri
February. Although most people choose a summer trip autisti, fatecelo sapere per cortesia.
because of the endless hours of daylight, I preferred Rimaniamo in attesa di ricevere la Vostra prenotazione.
to do the journey in winter when Siberia is at its most Cordiali saluti,
beautiful, immersed in a blanket of pure white snow. Giovanni Testa
I travelled in second-class, in a neat and narrow four-

398 O BIETTI V I M INI MI – TES TS | Answer key and audioscripts

Test Unit 6 mattress is comfortable and you are assured of a relatively
peaceful night’s sleep even if the thin walls of this former
Test your knowledge 1 office building mean that you might need earplugs to block
out the noise from the other rooms nearby. The place has a
1 1 C 2A 3A 4B 5A cosy atmosphere with its mix of modern and vintage furniture
and is carpeted throughout. The rooms even have a mirror
2 Personal answers
and a writing desk. Everything is neat and functional. There’s a
kitchen on the ground floor where guests can cook their own
Test your knowledge 2
meals and a lounge area and courtyard where you can hang
1 1B 2A 3C 4B 5B out and meet new people. The average age of guests is 25
or under so it’s definitely a winner with young travellers. The
2 Personal answers only downside is that there is no restaurant or bar, so if you
don’t like cooking that could be a bit of a drawback, but there
Test your language are plenty of eating places nearby. Therefore, I’d definitely
recommend trying out this hostel as a way of avoiding the
1 1c 2d 3e 4b 5a overpriced rooms in most chain hotels. A double room here
with bathroom costs only £39, so it’s a real money-saver.
2 1b 2a 3e 4c 5d
1 T 2T 3F 4F
3 1e 2c 3d 4a 5b
Test your competences
4 1 fully-equipped 4 marble

2 prime 5 friendly
1 Agente di viaggio Buongiorno, Sun and Sea Travel, come
3 impeccable posso aiutarla?
Sig. Jones Buongiorno, vorrei parlare con il direttore.
5 1 four-star hotels 4 impressive range of
Agente di viaggio Mi dispiace, ma il Sig. Thompson non è in
2 landscaped tropical 5 A delightful feature
ufficio in questo momento. Vuole lasciare un
3 the heart of 6 equipped with
messaggio e la faccio richiamare appena
possibile?
6 1 period 5 bathrooms
Sig. Jones Può dire al Sig. Thompson che sono molto
2 require/need 6 there
arrabbiato e deluso della nostra vacanza di
3 twin 7 service
una settimana a Maiorca che ho prenotato
4 other tramite la vostra agenzia? Sono appena
tornato e sento che io e mia moglie abbiamo
Test your skills bisogno di un’altra vacanza per riprenderci!
Agente di viaggio Mi dispiace tantissimo. Cosa è successo?
1 Personal answers
Sig. Jones Beh, prima di tutto il nostro volo ha avuto
un ritardo di 10 ore, perciò abbiamo perso
2 7
il primo giorno della nostra vacanza perché
I’m not usually that keen on youth hostels, but I have to say non siamo arrivati a destinazione fino alle 2
that I was pleasantly surprised and impressed by this hostel di notte. Poi il nostro albergo, il Grand Hotel,
in Nottingham that offers much better value for money than non aveva una prenotazione a nome mio,
many big hotel chains. Up until now, I’ve always had a rather perciò abbiamo dovuto aspettare fino alle 7
low opinion of hostels. I don’t like the idea of those kind of prima di prendere una camera.
places where you have to sleep in a room full of people you Agente di viaggio Sono sicura che il Sig. Thompson indagherà
don’t know and probably shouldn’t really trust. Therefore, I per capire come sia potuta succedere una
wasn’t exactly looking forward to my experience in the hostel cosa simile nell’albergo. Poi spero che il resto
in Nottingham, already imagining a rather unhealthy and dirty della vacanza sia andato bene…
environment that even might be a bit dangerous. However, Sig. Jones Affatto! Il personale dell’albergo era molto
what persuaded me to try out the experience of hostels scortese, il servizio era pessimo e anche il
accommodation was the fact that nowadays it’s becoming cibo. Nel vostro catalogo questo albergo
more and more expensive to find value for money in hotels in viene descritto come hotel di lusso a 4 stelle…
UK cities, even in the ones that are supposed to be ‘budget non meritavano nemmeno una stella! Perciò,
hotels’. Sometimes these high prices are just not justified. penso che sia giusto che la vostra agenzia ci
After all, all you really need is a good bed, a bathroom with offra qualche tipo di rimborso per tutto
shower and maybe a TV. This new hostel in Nottingham has quello che abbiamo passato.
everything I was looking for. They offer different types of Agente di viaggio Va bene, Sig. Jones, riferirò tutto al Sig.
accommodation from private double rooms with private Thompson non appena rientrerà in ufficio.
bathroom, family rooms, pod-like ‘sleep boxes’ and dormitories
with up to six beds. Obviously, the standard is very basic and 2 1 are sorry to 4 voucher is valid
2 of your booking 5 please accept
there are no free toiletries here, but the place is clean and safe.
Everyone has to strip their own bed before they leave, but the 3 why you did not

Answer key and audioscripts | OB I ET TI V I M I N I M I – T E STS 399

 Test Unit 7 4 star hotel in Rome and Naples
5 most important landmarks
Test your knowledge 6 boat trip to
7 four-star hotel near the airport
1 1 C 2C 3A 4B 5B 6C 7B 8A 9C 10 B 8 itinerary

2 1 F 2T 3T 4F 5T
Test Unit 8
3 Personal answers
Test your knowledge
Test your language
1 1 C 2A 3B 4C 5C 6A 7A 8B 9C 10 A
1 1 popularity 5 guided

2 hilltop 6 ideal
2 1 F 2T 3T 4F 5T
3 itinerary 7 stop

4 boasts 3 Personal answers

2 1 You should plan to spend at least two weeks Test your language
2 the best time of year is June
3 You’re bound to come across 1 1 find 5 discover
2 dates 6 miss
4 I’d recommend driving
3 head 7 marvel
5 It would be a shame to miss
6 take a leisurely stroll through 4 works
7 if you fancy something more exciting
8 choose from the many 2 1 we begin our day
2 you’ll have the chance
Test your skills 3 well as discovering
4 you’ll be captivated
1 Personal answers 5 I am really keen
6 you’ll have plenty of
7 unlike other tours
2 8
8 time for individual sightseeing
One of the lesser-known galleries in Rome, but
nonetheless well worth a visit, is Rome’s MAAM gallery Test your skills
that houses works from artists from all over the
world. Before becoming a gallery, this building was a 1 Personal answers
salami (1) factory. Nowadays, many of the works of
art on show are inspired by the lives of its residents, 2 9
200 squatters, 80 of them children. It all started in
2011, when Giorgio de Finis came across the building, This captivating visit lasts (1) two and a half hours and
occupied by (2) homeless migrants. He started to during this time, you will learn about the existence
organise performances and art events there with the of man and his progress through the centuries.
help of the inhabitants and it has now become one of This guided tour will explain many questions about
Rome’s most important (3) contemporary art spaces the history of the world and mankind, like why our
exhibiting murals, installations and (4) paintings ancestors chose to abandon their nomadic way of life
produced by over three hundred artists from all over (2) for farming. You will be able to view objects from
the world. all over the world. The tour is available on Thursdays,
Fridays and Saturdays and starts at 2 p.m. and includes
some of the museum’s most treasured objects, like
Test your competences the Rosetta Stone, dating back to 196 BC. A short
break is included and you can buy something to eat
1 1 T 2F 3F 4T 5F 6F or drink at the Court Café and Pizzeria. Your guide will
meet you at the King Edward entrance on Montague
2 1 does the tour start? Place. If you’re not very familiar with London, this is
2 bring my pet/dog? the north entrance and you will recognise it because
3 does it take to get to Siena? there are (3) two stone lions on each side of the main
4 lunch included in the price of the trip? door. After you have gone through the bag check,
5 go up the Leaning Tower of Pisa? you will meet your guide. You will be able to spot
6 anyone who speaks German on the tour? your guide no bother as he or she will be the one with
the orange umbrella. The tour will then start in the
3 1 one-week fly-drive holiday Queen Elizabeth II Great Court, at the heart of the
2 London to Rome British Museum. This was once an open courtyard,
3 car hire

400 O BIETTI V I M INI MI – TES TS | Answer key and audioscripts

 but it is now the largest covered public square in out and about every weekend in the winter too, mostly
Europe, covered by an awesome (4) glass and steel to savour the excellent fish and seafood that can be
roof. The court contains twelve sculptures from the found in this area. The arts district can be found in
museum collection that introduce you to the cultures the west end of town, where the Maine College of Art
represented in the galleries you will go on to visit. (Meca) is situated. Here you can see the permanent
collection of Bob Crewe, songwriter and producer for
Test your competences the Four Seasons. Through him, Portland has the first
art school in America that also has a music programme.
1 1 T 2T 3F 4T 5T 6F This music theme is also present in the Space Gallery,
just a short distance away that organises gigs,
2 1 is by train from Glasgow to Edinburgh. events and exhibitions. There is also a not-for-profit
2 seven days a week. organisation, called The Art Department, that gives
3 fun, interactive exhibitions suitable for children. local artists the opportunity to create and sell their
4 oak medallions of kings, queens, nobles, Roman products, that range from prints and crafts to clothing.
emperors, characters from the Bible and Classical The Bayside area of the city used to be an industrial
mythology zone but has been given a face-lift and is now home
5 don’t have to/needn’t take a guide to delis, bike shops, pottery and woodworking studios
6 worth a and promotes projects aimed at helping the local youth
and low-income residents. It has also become the
place to be for bowling, since an old vending-machine
Test Unit 9 warehouse was transformed into a 12-lane bowling
alley.
Test your knowledge
1 community
1 1 A 2B 3C 4A 5C 6C 7A 8C 9A 10 B 2 seafood
3 songwriter
2 1 T 2F 3T 4F 5F 4 prints

3 Personal answers
Test your competences
Test your language
1 1 F 2T 3T 4F 5T 6F
1 1 situated 5 trails

2 beauty 6 stunning
2 1 Wiliamsburg, Virginia
3 float 7 lodges
2 Water Park
4 thrilling 3 day pass
4 nine different European cities
2 1 We set sail 5 France, Scotland and Germany
2 six ports of call 6 thrilling roller coasters
3 interesting shore excursions
4 ensuite bathroom and shower
5 a more casual atmosphere
6 nightly entertainment
7 bookings made before the end

Test your skills

1 Personal answers

2 10

This buzzing city is on the New England coast of the

USA and offers the tourist the chance to discover the
art and music of this area. There is a strong sense of
community and locals are proud of the transformation
Portland has undergone over the past two decades
from a rough-and-ready port town to one of the best
places to live in the US. Maine has been a popular
tourist attraction for Americans in the summer for
years. Come to enjoy its coastline, campsites and
outdoor activities. However, residents in Portland are

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