1.

Active Suspension System: Why Does a Luxury Car Offer a Smoother Ride Than a
Regular Car?

"Imagine you are an engineer working for a luxury car manufacturer. Your company
wants to develop a vehicle that provides the smoothest ride possible, even on rough
roads. Traditional suspension systems struggle to adapt to varying road conditions in
real time. How can an automatic control system improve ride comfort and vehicle
stability?"

Guiding Sub-Questions:

• What is an active suspension system, and how does it differ from passive
suspension?

• How do sensors and actuators help in real-time suspension adjustments?

• What role does feedback control play in an active suspension system?

• How can mathematical models predict vehicle dynamics and optimize

2. Electronic Stability Control (ESC): Why Do Cars Skid on Wet or Icy Roads?

"A driver is navigating a sharp turn on a rainy day when the car suddenly begins to skid.
Fortunately, the vehicle corrects itself, preventing an accident. What happened inside
the car’s control system that prevented the skid?"

Guiding Sub-Questions:

• What is Electronic Stability Control (ESC), and how does it work?

• What sensors are used to detect loss of vehicle stability?

• How does ESC apply selective braking to maintain control?

• Why is feedback control critical in preventing vehicle rollover and skidding?

3. Traction Control System (TCS): How Can a Car Accelerate Smoothly on Slippery
Roads?

"A driver tries to accelerate on a snowy road, but the wheels start spinning without
moving the car forward. However, after a moment, the car regains grip and starts moving
smoothly. What control mechanisms are responsible for this?"

Guiding Sub-Questions:

• What is a traction control system, and how does it differ from ABS?
 • How does wheel slip detection work in traction control?

• What is the role of engine torque control and selective braking in traction
control?

• How do control algorithms ensure vehicle stability in various driving conditions?

4. Collision Avoidance System: Can a Car Stop Itself to Prevent an Accident?

"A distracted driver fails to notice a stopped vehicle ahead. Just before a crash, the car
automatically applies the brakes and stops safely. How did the vehicle detect the
obstacle and react so quickly?"

Guiding Sub-Questions:

• What sensors (e.g., radar, LiDAR, cameras) are used in collision avoidance?

• How does a car process real-time data to predict a potential collision?

• What is the role of automatic braking in collision avoidance systems?

• How do control system algorithms determine when to take action?

5. Why Do Some Metal Parts Fail Faster Than Others?

"A manufacturer produces two batches of metal gears for automotive engines. After a
few months, some gears wear out quickly, while others remain in good condition. Upon
investigation, engineers find that improper heat treatment caused the failure. How does
heat treatment affect material properties, and how can an automatic control system
improve the process?"

Guiding Sub-Questions:

• What are the common heat treatment processes (e.g., annealing, quenching,
tempering)?

• How do temperature and cooling rate affect the microstructure and mechanical
properties of metals?

• What types of sensors are used to monitor temperature in industrial heat

• How can feedback control systems ensure uniform and precise heat treatment?

• What are the advantages of automation in heat treatment processes?

"A steel manufacturing company faces inconsistent hardness in its metal components.
Some parts are too brittle, while others are too soft. The engineers suspect temperature
fluctuations during heat treatment. How can an automated control system help
maintain a stable heating process?"

Guiding Sub-Questions:

• Why is temperature control critical in heat treatment?

• How do PID controllers regulate temperature in industrial furnaces?

• What role do infrared sensors and thermocouples play in monitoring heat

• How can control engineering improve energy efficiency in heat treatment

7. Why Do Some Rooms in a Building Feel Hotter or Colder Than Others?

"In an office building, some rooms remain too warm, while others feel too cold, even
though the air conditioning is running. How does air flow control impact temperature
distribution, and how can an automatic control system optimize it?"

Guiding Sub-Questions:

• What factors influence air flow distribution in buildings?

• How do HVAC (Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning) systems regulate air
flow?

• What sensors are used to measure air pressure, velocity, and temperature?

• How does a feedback control system adjust dampers and fans for optimal air
flow?

• What are the benefits of smart, automated air flow control in energy
management?

8. How Do Airplane Wings Maintain Stable Lift at Different Speeds?

"An aircraft experiences turbulence and fluctuating air pressure during flight. However,
the onboard control system adjusts airflow dynamically to maintain stability. How does
air flow control contribute to flight safety?"

Guiding Sub-Questions:
• What is the relationship between air flow, lift, and drag on an aircraft wing?

• How do control surfaces (e.g., flaps, ailerons) regulate air flow during flight?

• What role do pressure sensors and airflow detectors play in aircraft control?

• How do automated control systems respond to changes in wind speed and