01 MAR 2023

6MM GUARDIAN SILVER ULTRA MIRROR

DATA SHEET

SPECIFICATIONS:

Produced as per ASTM C 1503-01 Standard

Copper-Free Mirror – User friendly
Coated with double layers of organic anti-corrosive plant (Base – Red color; Top – Blue color) with mfg. logo
Paint Thickness 42-52 microns
Palladium and GMP Layers

GLASS SPECIFICATIONS:

Produed as per JIS Standard

Size tolerance : +/- 0.3 mm
Glass transmission : +/- 2 mm
Approximate Glass Composition : 70-75%
SiO2 : 71.6%
NA2O : 14.4%
CaO : 9.2%
MgO : 4.0%
Al2O3 : 0.4%
K2 O : 0.05%
SO3 : 0.2%
TiO2 : 0.05%
Fe2O3 : 0.5%

QUALITY STANDARDS:

CASS (Copper Accelerated Acetic Acid Salt Spray) Test: ISO 9227
NSS (Neutral Salt Spray) Test: ISO 9227
Condensation Water Test: EN 1036
Ferric Chloride Immersion Test
Ammonia Resistance Test
Cross-cut Test: ISO 2409

QUALITY PROPERTIES:

CASS Test : 100-200 microns

Black Edge Corrosion : 75 microns
Ferric Chloride Resistance : 100 microns / 24 hours
Ammonia Resistance : No failure.
Reflectance (luminous coefficient) : >83%
Rub Test : >100 Strokes
ES 200

Sliding door operator

dormakaba ES 200

Flexible, simple
and modular
With drive power
to spare

The new, innovative ES 200 sliding door operator system

offers the perfect solution for all applications and
service requirements. The ES 200, equipped with the
dormakaba PowerDrive technology, fulfills every demand
imposed on operators in terms of adaptability to
different door widths, door weight capacity and func-
tionality.

The modular system A system for the future

The modular design of the ES 200 provides an ideal basis for the With this system you are investing in the future. You also have the
implementation of new ideas and individual concepts in the design security d
­ erived from our decades of experience in the automatics
and construction of sliding door systems. business – a history that sets dormakaba apart as the market
leader in drive and control systems for doors.
The identical mechanical components may be installed in all three
The ES 200 corresponds to all the latest European and German
versions of the oper­ator (ES 200, ES 200-2D and ES 200 Easy).
standards and safety regulations.
dormakaba has also opened up a new dimension with its control
system. Now there is no longer any need to replace components
when you want to expand the functionality of your system. In future, Delivery formats
“docking” will be the order of the day. The modular control system The ES 200 is available as a component kit, as a complete,
comprises of the basic module (BM) and the function module (FM). pre-assembled operator or ready integrated in all dormakaba sliding
Consequently, upgrading in accordance with individual customer door systems.
requirements may be carried out without problem.
Accessories
Particularly impressive is the prefabricated MiniDriveUnit, dormakaba furthermore provides program switches, activators and
industrially tested and ­equipped with all the ­neces­sary electrical and door profiles all per­fectly matched to the oper­ator as ideal comple-
electronic components. mentary components.

Integrated power Features and benefits

With its extra-powerful motor and a dynamic driving phase control, • Modular, flexible system
the integrated PowerDrive system ensures safe and reliable • With dormakaba PowerDrive: Dynamic driving phase control for
operation. And it can readily cope with sliding door weights of up to particularly powerful operation – and with emergency power
2 x 160 kg per door panel weight. backup in the form of a rechargeable battery pack
• Industrially prefabricated and tested MiniDriveUnit
Exceptional cost-efficiency • Modular control system upgradeable with additional function
With the ES 200, dormakaba offers a drive system of modular modules
design capable of covering every application on the basis of just a • Integrated DCW® (DORMA Connect and Work) bus system for
few components. The system offers easy assembly and installation, easy integration of DORMA DCW® sensors and activators
reduced storage and stocking costs, and simple maintenance for • Easy commissioning via the integrated display
enhanced operational cost efficiency. • May be combined with all customary door profiles
• Fully comprehensive range of accessories
• Reliable investment due to compliance with all ­relevant European
and German standards

Our commitment to a sustainable future

We are committed to sustainable development as one of our business maxims. dormakaba’s aim is to
ensure energy-saving and resource-conserving production, a high recycling ratio and the longevity of our
quality products. Environmental Product Declarations (EPD), based on a holistic life cycle assessment, are
used for the calculation of the sustainability of buildings. EPD certificates are on www.dormakaba.com
available.

2
Data and features

Door parameters ES 200 Basic module (BM) ES 200

Single-panel – Clear passage width LW 700 ­– 3000 mm Modular design ●

sliding door – Door panel weight, max. 1 x 200 kg
Microprocessor-controlled – Off ●
Double-panel – Clear passage width LW 800 – 3000 mm function programs – Automatic ●
sliding door – Door panel weight, max. 2 x 160 kg – Permanent Open ●
– Partial Open ●
Clear passage height* 2100 – 3200 mm
– Exit Only ●
*Other dimensions on request. – Night-/Bank Function ●

Connections for – electro-mechanical ●

locking device ●
– light barriers
Technical data of operator Adjustment of all basic parameters ●
via integrated display and pushbuttons

Height 100 and 150 mm 24 V output for external accessory ●

Installation depth 180 mm Read-out error memory with error codes ●

Opening and closing force, max. 150 N ● DCW® bus interface ●

(Protokoll DORMA Connect and Work)
Opening speed 10 – 70 cm/s
(incremental setting) Rechargeable battery pack for emergency operation ●

Closing speed 10 – 50 cm/s

(incremental setting)
Hold-open time 0 – 180 s
Function module (FM) – optional extra
Supply voltage, frequency 230 V, 50/60 Hz
Power consumption 250 W
Pharmacy Function ●
Class of protection IP 20
Door status contact (three) ●
Admissible temperature - 20 – + 60 °C
Main and secondary closing edge protection ●
Admissible humidity (relative) max. 93 %
Panic Closing Function ●
(non condensing)
Bell contact ●
Compliant with EU ●
Low Voltage Directive and EMC Directive Airlock control ●
Manufactured to ISO 9001 ● Synchronous operation ●
Environmental product declaration in ●
accordance with ISO 14025
Programme holder: Institute Construction
and Environment e.V. DIN 18650 and EN 16005 function module – optional
Declaration number: EPD-DOR-2013511-E

The DIN 18650 and EN 16005 function module enables ○

the tested monitoring of the secondary closing edges in
order to comply with the German standard DIN 18650
and EN 16005.

Additional equipment

Electro-mechanical locking device (bistable) ○

Manual lock release for electro-mechanical locking ○
device
Light barriers ○
Rechargeable battery pack ○
(emergency opening, emergency closing)
Module for coupling to EIB or ○
LON building management systems
Infrared detector ○
● standard ○ optional

3
dormakaba ES 200

7
8
10
15

11

13
9

13

12

Pulley with integrated locking device

and belt tensioning device

Profiles for corridor installation, 100 mm Profiles for wall installation, 100 mm
Our profiles for installation heights of
100 mm and 150 mm, which are
suitable for both corridor or wall
installation, make the system suitable
for all kinds of applications.
The basic mechanical system, with a 2 2
5 5
low number of components, is the
same for both installation heights 1 4

1 Aluminium girder (LM) 3 3

2 Basic operator profile
3 Internal cover,
100 mm or 150 mm high
4 Wall connection profile
5 Service cover bracket

Profiles for corridor installation, 150 mm Profiles for wall installation, 150 mm

2 5 2 5

1 4

3 3

4
 2
4 3
5
6

13 1

13
14

MiniDriveUnit

6 5 4 3 2

At the core of the ES 200 Components

The prefabricated MiniDriveUnit has 1 MiniDriveUnit
been industrially tested with all the 2 Power supply unit
requisite electrical and electronic 3 Motor
components, thus greatly facilitating 4 Decoder
the assembly, installation and 5 Basic module (BM)
maintenance of the operator. 6 Function module (FM)
7 Track rail and mounting profile
8 Rechargeable battery pack (optional)
9 Carrier head
10 Pulley (locking device)
11 Service cover bracket
12 End stop
13 Door connection with
adjustment device
14 Belt connection
15 Belt tensioning device

5
 dormakaba ES 200

The professional operator for individual door design

Door variants with ES 200, 100 mm installation height and special ”profile“ version
dormakaba PowerDrive System
for particularly punchy performance
53 180 55 36.5 180 180 5550 180
180

The door variants on this page are

shown as corridor installation with

100
100

aluminium girder (LM).

111 111 111

See page 4 for profiles
111111
for wall
installation.

with MANET with double-

single-point fixings glazing profiles
type FLEX

55 55 180180 50 180

111 111 111 111

with standard with thermo profiles

frame profiles FLEX Green

Door variants with ES 200, 150 mm installation height and special ”profile“ version

53 180 55 55 180 180 55 180 72

150
150

200

111 111 111 111

with MANET with doubleglazing

single-point fixings profiles type FLEX

180 55 55 180 180 72 72 180 180

200

200

111 111 111 111

86 86

with standard with thermo

frame profiles profiles
FLEX Green

6
Connections

6 x 0.8

Activator each 8 x 0,8

(combined sensor: 6 x 0.8
activator/safety
sensor)

* ** *

Drive unit
Control unit

4 x 0.8
100 m
3 x 1.5 m m 2

10 x 0.8
2 x 0.8

2 x 0.8
100 m

100 m

100 m
Outside: Key
switch, code
card reader with
floating contact
or sim.
16 A
Emergency Program switch Inside:
230/240 V AC pushbutton, Pushbutton
50/60 Hz close to door

* Safety sensors to monitor the secondary closing edges in accordance with DIN 18650 and EN 16005
**Safety sensors to monitor the main closing edge in accordance with DIN 18650 and EN 16005

7
 The complete solution
Automatic entrance systems require careful specification and installation to ensure safety and reliability in use.
Commencing with a risk assessment survey, dormakaba will advise at all stages of design and installation so the correct
methods of operation and user safety protection are adopted.

Risk Assessment
All automatic doors must be specified and installed following
appropriate safety standards requiring risk assessment prior to
installation and periodically during the life of the product. dormakaba
are experienced with safety specification and can provide further
details on request.

Professional and impartial advice from staff assessed and accredited

by ADSA (Automatic Door Suppliers Association):

• Site surveys, escape routes, impaired user access.

• Risk assessment reports
• Consultation with leading safety bodies and equipment
manufacturers.
• CPD delivery to specifiers and professional organisations

Protection
Automatic doors installed in the UK are subject to the highest safety
demands in accordance with EN 16005:2012. To meet these
requirements consideration must be given to the use of barriers,
self-monitoring sensors and other protective devices. These are
mandatory for each door and uniquely specific to its location.

Advanced, standards-compliant technologies for all door types:

• Compact sensors with microwave Doppler technology for motion

detection
• Combination sensors with active infrared technology for
simultaneous motion and passageway protection
• Active infrared motion detectors based on the triangulation
principle for protection of users or obstructions located in the door
panel travel path
• Laser sensors with precision monitoring and extended field of view
over the door face
• Barriers, fingerguards and appropriate signage for increased
risk users, children or failsafe situations
 Activation
dormakaba automatic doors are designed and tested to meet a wide
range of building entrance styles and user requirements. Access to the
building can be controlled through a number of methods from simple
switches and keylocks to intelligent access control readers.

Wide choice of access methods from dormakaba:

• Radar approach sensors, opening integrated with emergency

escape systems
• Manual pushbuttons with high visibility and ease of use for
disabled users.
• Access control readers using simple access fobs or fully integrated
with a monitored access control system

Maintenance
Automatic doors must be maintained and periodically assessed to be
safety compliant. dormakaba have the UK’s largest service network
of trained engineers experienced on all types of door system both
dormakaba and from other manufacturers.

Qualified service engineers assessed and accredited by ADSA:

• Scheduled maintenance visits and emergency callout.

• Risk assessment reports
• Trained and accredited service engineers with national coverage
and logistic support

For further advice on dormakaba products and accessories please contact:

info.gb@dormakaba.com

01462 477600
 dormakaba
Wilbury Way
Hitchin
Herts
SG5 2TA

www.dormakaba.co.uk T: 01462 477600

E: info.gb@dormakaba.com
Reflecting your vision
since 1978
CONTENTS

TABLE OF CONTENTS
What is Glass? 3
Company Profile 5
K-LITE MSVD Sputter-Coated Energy-Saving High Performance Glass 7
K-LITE KE 74 Standard Low-E Series 9
K-LITE Optima Multi-Functional Low-E Series 11
K-LITE Reflective Solar Control Series 13
The Contribution of K-LITE HP glass to Sustainable Green Building Design and Construction 14
SAG Technical Advisory Services 15 - 16
SAG Heat Treated Glass (Fully Tempered & Heat-Strengthened) 17 - 19
SAG Heat Soak Testing 20 - 21
Comparison of Fully Tempered & Heat-Strengthened Glass 22
SAFE-T-LAM Laminated Architectural Glass 23 - 28
SAG SAFE-T-LAM One-Way Mirror 29
SAG Sealed Insulated Glass Units 30 - 32
SAG-CERAM Ceramic Frit Silk-Screened Decorative Glass 33 - 34
Thermal Movement Characteristics of Standard Window Glass 35 - 36
Acoustic Insulation Characteristics and Performance 37 - 41
Definitions of Performance for Visible Light, Solar Transmittance and Thermal Insulation 42 - 45
Performance Testing and QA/QC Procedures 47
QA / QC Standards and Conformances 48
Production Capacities and Manufacturing Limitations 49

1
A VERTICALLY - INTEGRATED FLAT GLASS INDUSTRY IN THE GULF REGION

Emirates Float Glass, Abu Dhabi

Primary Float Glass Manufacture

Saudi American Glass Company, Riyadh

Architectural Flat Glass Processor

Emirates Glass LLC, Dubai

Architectural Flat Glass Processor

Lumiglass Industries LLC, Dubai

Automotive and Architectural Laminated Glass
WHAT IS GLASS?

Glass is a material with remarkable properties of fragility, durability and transparency and is an essential component of civilised life as we know it
in the modern world. It protects us from short-term changes in the weather as well as from longer-term changes in the climate and provides us with
a view of the world beyond the pane. If undisturbed, glass will continue to perform it’s protective role for centuries but, if disturbed by impact,
excessive wind-load or other undue forces, it will break into fragments which can be potentially lethal. This unique combination of durability and
fragility are enhanced by modern processing methods which provide a wide range of benefits of additional strength and security and allow glass to
be used in a vast range of applications in all aspects of modern living.

Saint Chapelle Cathedral, Paris 1248 Granada Mall, Riyadh 2011

COMPOSITION OF COMMERCIAL WINDOW GLASS

SODA-LIME GLASS
ORIGIN DESCRIPTION %
Silica Si 72
Mined
or Limestone CaCO3 9
Quarried
Dolomite CaMg (CO3)2 4
Materials
Others incl. iron oxide 1
Manufactured Materials Soda Ash Na2CO3 14
By - Product material Clean Scrap Cullet Up to 20% by volume

**Note: All commercial window glass contains a residue of iron oxide (Fe2O3) which is difficult and expensive to remove
and gives the glass it’s characteristic green edge-colour which is considered acceptable for most glazing applications,
including mirrors. However, to meet the demand for a “whiter” architectural window glass, it is possible to remove most of
the residual iron by further processing and additional cost to create “Low-Iron” (“Extra-Clear”) glass which is almost
perfectly white with no green colour at the edges. The clarity and high light-transmission characteristics of “Low-Iron” glass
make it a highly popular glazing-choice for a wide variety of applications in Retail and Commercial buildings.

Let us now introduce you to Saudi American Glass Factory and their superb range of architectural glass products...

3
MSVD MAGNETIC SPUTTERED VACUUM DEPOSITION COATING LINE
FOR HIGH PERFORMANCE GLASS
COMPANY PROFILE

SAUDI AMERICAN GLASS COMPANY

Saudi American Glass Company is a subsidiary of Glass LLC which itself is a holding company set up by Dubai Investments PJSC to create a
vertically-integrated flat glass industry in the Gulf Region.

Saudi American Glass was established in Riyadh in 1978 and has, since then, occupied a strategic position as the leading processor of architectural
flat glass in Saudi Arabia.

In 1993, in anticipation of a huge increase in demand for energy-efficient high performance glass (Solar Control and Low Emissivity Low-E), SAG
commissioned the first MSVD coating line in the Middle East and launched it’s highly successful K – LITE range of sputter-coated facade glazing
into the Saudi market. Today, after 18 years of outstanding success, K – LITE is still the market leader in this field and SAG can proudly
demonstrate a multitude of projects, now approaching 18 years old and which are still presenting a fresh appearance with no reduction in
performance.

During its 33 year old history, SAG has consistently followed a programme of progressive capital expansion into all areas of its product range
and can truly be described as a state – of – the – art enterprise, administered and operated by a well–proven team of experts at every level of
the organisation. In addition to the production of K – LITE sputter-coated high performance glass, SAG employs the latest technology in
glass-cutting, tempering and heat strengthening, glass-washing and edge-working, double glazing, silk screen ceramic fritting and lamination:
all produced in full conformance with current international standards and backed by an unrivaled record of reliability, durability and
performance at least equal to the best in the international market.

SAG is well-placed in terms of capacity, expertise and innovation to serve its growing market as a reliable single source of high performance glass
products to meet the most stringent requirements of property developers, architects and engineers.

5
MSVD Sputter-Coated Energy-Saving Glass

TECHNICAL DETAILS
The K-LITE range comprises 3 main product-categories:
1. Single Silver (1xAg) Low-E KE 74 Series Double Glazed
• Available pre-tempered only: cut-to-size by SAG.
• Edge deletion required.
• This is a standard Low-E range in which the coating position can be on surface # 2 (KE 742) for cooling-dominated environments or on
surface # 3 (KE 743) for heating-dominated environments. Solar resistance varies according to tint of outer pane.
2. Single Silver (1xAg) Optima Multi-Functional Low-E # 2 Double Glazed
• Available pre-tempered only: cut-to-size by SAG.
• Edge-deletion is required.
• Coating position: surface # 2.
• K-LITE Optima series is designed to provide good solar resistance combined with good thermal insulation and is suitable for a cooling-
dominated environment where good SHGC and U-value performance are required to ensure lower solar heat gain and optimum
efficiency of air-conditioning equipment.
3. Solar Control K-LITE HP Reflective #2: single or double glazed
• SS, CS, AB, KR, DB, AR, ORG, ABILR Series.
• Available pre-tempered only: cut-to-size by SAG.
• Durable coating: Edge-deletion not required.
• Silicone bonding sealants can be applied directly to the coating.
• Can be used as single glazing for spandrel applications.
Availability
Product Coating Coating Coating Normal Max
Type Position Ref Substrate Thickness mm Remarks
size mm
Single Silver #2 KE742
K-LITE Clear 3660 x 2440 4,6,8,10,
Standard Tinted 3300 x 2440
KE 74 Low-E #3 KE743 6,8

K-LITE Neutral 43
Optima Neutral 51
Neutral Neutral 60
Single Silver
K-LITE Multi- Silver 36 Clear 3660 x 2440 4,6,8,10,
Optima Functional #2 Tinted 3300 x 2440 6,8
Silver 47
Silver Low-E
K-LITE
Optima Azura
Azura
SS 08
14 Sterling
20 Silver
35
CS 08
14
20 Chrome
35 Silver
CSILR
AB 08
14 Azura Blue
K-LITE Solar #2 20 Clear 3660 x 2440 4,6,8,10,12,
HP Control DB 08 Tinted 3300 x 2440 6,8
14 Dark
20 Bronze
35
ORG Dark Gold
KR 1
KR 48 Chrome
KR HLT
Azura Blue
ABILR 12 Internal
ABILR 19 Low Reflection

7
Standard Low-E
KE 74 SERIES

Type Single Silver (1xAg) Low-E # 2 or 3, KE 742/743 Series

Availability Non Post-Temperable
K-LITE KE 74 is an MSVD sputtered Low-E glass with a nominal light transmission of 74%. The coating is neutral/low reflective and retains the
appearance of clear or body-tinted glass. It is ideal for applications requiring subdued colours, low reflectances and abundant daylight. As a
result, K-LITE KE 742/743 is highly effective in blocking the transmission of heat in the near and far infrared (IR) wavebands of the solar spectrum
and thus provides excellent resistance to ambient conducted heat-transfer (outdoor-indoor temperature difference). However, K-LITE
KE 742/743 Low-E glass is quite transparent to direct solar radiant energy and does not have significant solar control capability in the typical
Gulf environment.

K-LITE 742/743 is therefore suitable for glazed openings which require a high degree of visual transparency and low reflectance, but may not
meet the current requirements of local and national building codes, or the current requirements of green-building rating systems, such as LEED
or ESTIDAMA, for solar energy resistance in hot climatic conditions with minimum cloud-cover.

K-LITE 742/743 is an insulated glass product and cannot be used in single glazing. Edge-deletion of KE 742/743 is necessary prior to fabrication
of insulated units.

Spandrel Panels
Due to the high light transmission characteristics of the KE 742/743 range, it is recognized that colour-uniformity between vision and non-vision
areas of a typical curtainwall design will not be achieved. It is therefore necessary to use a harmonizing or contrasting glass spandrel option.
Two spandrel options are available for use with KE 742/743 Low-E vision glass.

a. A double glazed unit of the same outer pane and coating position as used for the vision glazing. To control “read-through”, an all-over ceramic
frit paint, usually white, grey or black, can be applied on surface # 4 or, alternatively, by using a shadow-box comprising an insulated back-pan
with a suitably painted finish.

or

b. Single glazed K-LITE reflective high performance solar control glass to complement the appearance of the K-LITE KE 742/743 vision glass,
and by using a shadow-box comprising an insulated back-pan with a suitably painted finish.

SHGC
(g) SHGC
(g)

U-VALUE
U-VALUE

-18˚C +21˚C 32˚C 24˚C

HEATING-DOMINATED ENVIRONMENT COOLING-DOMINATED ENVIRONMENT

K-LITE KE 743 TO MINIMISE WINTER HEAT-LOSS K-LITE KE 742 TO CONTROL TOTAL HEAT-GAIN

For full details of Spectrophotmetric and Thermal Insulation performance data on any K-Lite product, kindly refer to the Technical Advisory
Service of Saudi American Glass Factory.

9
Multi-Functional Low-E
OPTIMA SERIES

Type Single Silver (1xAg) Multi-functional Low-E # 2

Availability Non Post-Temperable
K-LITE Optima has been developed as a range of Low- E coatings which have a neutral silver appearance when applied onto clear glass.
The K-LITE Optima range of two coating options – Optima Neutral and Optima Silver – provides a multi-functional capability with good solar
resistance and excellent thermal insulation, summer or winter. At the same time, K-LITE Optima allows generous transmission of light with
moderate-to-low internal reflection, giving the appearance of clear or tinted glass when viewed from inside.

K-LITE Optima is an insulated glass product with the coating on surface # 2 and cannot be single glazed. Edge-deletion of the Optima coating is
necessary prior to fabrication of insulated glass units.

Spandrel Panels
The K-LITE Optima range of multi-functional Low-E glass is characterized by medium-to-high light transmission values. As a result, variable
“read-through” of structural elements, blinds, curtains, luminaires etc. may occur in normal daytime conditions and colour-uniformity may not
be achieved between vision and non-vision areas in typical curtainwall designs.

It is therefore necessary to consider either a harmonizing, or contrasting spandrel option when using the K-LITE Optima range. Two spandrel
options are available for use with K-LITE Optima Low-E vision glass.

a. A double glazed unit of the same outer pane and coating position as used for the vision glazing to control “read-through”, an all-over ceramic
frit paint usually white, grey or black, can be applied on surface # 4 or, alternatively by using a shadow-box comprising an insulated back-pan
with a suitably painted finish.

or

b. Single glazed K-LITE reflective high performance solar control glass to complement the appearance of the K-LITE Optima vision glass, and by
using a shadow-box comprising an insulated back-pan with a suitably painted finish.

U-VALUE SHGC
(g)

-18˚C +21˚C 32˚C 24˚C

K-LITE OPTIMA MULTI-FUNCTIONAL LOW-E K-LITE OPTIMA MULTI-FUNCTIONAL LOW-E

REDUCED HEAT-LOSS IN WINTER REDUCED HEAT-GAIN IN SUMMER

For full details of Spectrophotmetric and Thermal Insulation performance data on any K-Lite product, kindly refer to the Technical Advisory
Service of Saudi American Glass Factory.

11
High Performance Solar Control Glass
REFLECTIVE

Type Durable, Sputtered Solar Control # 2

Availability Non Post-Temperable
K-LITE solar reflective coatings consist of thin layers of metal, typically stainless steel, nickel, chromium, titanium and tin, sequentially applied
in various combinations by magnetically sputtered vacuum deposition technology on SAGF’s state-of-the-art coating line. Excellent facade-
colour, uniformity and superior solar resistance, these are the outstanding features of K-LITE high performance glass which provides superb
control of solar heat gain in the typical Gulf environment and are vital in optimizing the capacity of air-conditioning equipment to reduce energy
consumption.

K-LITE HP coatings are durable and can be incorporated into sealed insulated units for vision glazing or as single glass for spandrel panels.

The facade colour-uniformity and stability of K-LITE HP coatings makes them the natural choice for structural silicone curtainwall systems in
which the structural silicone can be applied directly to the K-LITE HP coating. Fabrication of insulated glass units as well as structural bonding of
single glazed spandrel panels do not require edge-deletion of the coating.

Spandrel Panels
K-LITE HP glass can be used in single glazed form as spandrel glass in all types of curtainwall construction. Colour-uniformity between vision and
non-vision areas is assured when the light transmission of the selected K-LITE HP glass does not exceed 14%. From 14%-20% LT, the colour
change is marginal, depending on the tint and external reflectance of the vision pane and its adjacent spandrel pane.

K-LITE HP Glass With Low Indoor Reflectance

Many architects and property owners are becoming increasingly interested in the lowest possible indoor reflectance (LRin) of their selected
glass when seen at night under normal artificial lighting conditions.

To meet this growing desire, SAGF have developed a range of K-LITE HP glass options which combine excellent solar resistance (SHGC) and low
indoor reflectance (LRin). This range includes K-LITE KR1, AR, CSILR and ABILR coatings on a full selection of clear and tinted float glass substrates
giving SHGC values ≤ 20 and LRin values ≤ 17%.

1 2 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4

6mm K-LITE HP GLASS #2 24mm 1G UNIT (6+12+6mm) 24mm 1G UNIT (6+12+6mm)

Typical SHGC/g 13-28 K-LITE HP COATING #2 K-LITE HP COATING #2
Typical U-VALUE 5.10 W/m2K Typical SHGC/g 11-23 K-LITE KE 743 LOW-E #3
Typical U-VALUE 2.60 W/m2K Typical SHGC/g 9-19
Typical U-VALUE 1.90 W/m2K

For full details of Spectrophotmetric and Thermal Insulation performance data on any K-Lite product, kindly refer to the Technical Advisory
Service of Saudi American Glass Factory.

13
 THE CONTRIBUTION OF K-LITE HP GLASS
TO SUSTAINABLE GREEN BUILDING

Throughout the Gulf region there is now a rapidly growing appreciation of, and conformance to, the latest concepts of green-building principles
notably the USGBC/LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) and the ESTIDAMA (Abu Dhabi) Green Building rating systems which
are now being strongly adopted as standard references for Sustainable Architectural Design and Construction.

It is a well-known and very serious fact, that the Gulf States have the highest per-capital carbon footprints in the world and that urgent attention
must be given, starting now, to address this problem. It is equally well-known, that the majority of heat-gain into a building is through the
glazing. In the typical Gulf Summer Conditions, over 70% of peak electrical generating capacity is for cooling.

Therefore it follows that glass-selection and specification can have a potentially large effect on the capacity and operational efficiency of
air-conditioning systems.

From its extensive product range of K-LITE High Performance Glass, Saudi American Glass Company are able to offer many insulated glass types
which provide SHGC/g values ≤ 25 and U- values ≤ 2.20 W/m2k in order to comply with LEED and ESTIDAMA requirements for energy-saving
glass. In addition, most of these products give excellent visible light transmission (VLT), thus providing good interior daylight factors whilst
maintaining excellent views of the world outside the building.

K-LITE High Performance Glass provides optimum indoor comfort-levels in terms of solar control, thermal insulation, good daylight, factors,
and reduction of glare and preservation of views.

In terms of Regional Sourcing, The Glass LLC Group of Companies is well-located to meet Green Building Criteria for local supply. A substantial
proportion of SAG’s product range is manufactured using raw float glass (clear, bronze, and grey) from sister company, Emirates Float Glass in
Abu Dhabi whose main source of raw materials is Saudi Arabia, and using UAE and Qatar-derived gas the prime energy source. Many of SAG
products can therefore be considered to be up to 90% (by value) of Gulf-origin from raw material through to finished product. Re-cycling of glass
at pre-consumer and post-consumer stages of manufacture and use is done within the limits of available national facilities at the present time.

SAG are proud to be able to make a substantial contribution to sustainable architectural design in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and throughout
the Gulf, based on the operational efficiency of their superb manufacturing facilities and the dependable performance of the K-LITE range of
High Performance Glass.

14
SAG TECHNICAL SERVICES
Design Criteria

Saudi American Glass, together with Emirates Glass Laboratory, are able to provide a comprehensive support service to our customers and
specifiers, covering all aspects of the specification, manufacture and installation of K-LITE sputtered high performance glass.

SAG are able to review perspectives, concept-drawings, detailed drawings and glass specifications to give professional advice on a wide range
of matters concerning the use of glass in buildings, including:

• Colour.
• Reflectance. Indoor/Outdoor
• Solar Resistance. SHGC to NFRC 301.2009 Standard
g – value to EN 410 Standard
• Thermal Insulation. U – value to NFRC 100.2009 Standard
U – value to EN 673 Standard
• Visible Light Transmission.
• Centre-Of-Glass-Deflection.
• Optimisation of glazing modules to minimize waste.
• Acoustic Insulation.
• Conformance with Green Building Guidelines (LEED, ESTIDAMA etc.).

Note:
SAG are not able to undertake calculation of the capacity of heating or cooling systems based on any specific glass type for any specific project.
Such calculation must be made by qualified HVAC Engineers, using the spectrophotometric and thermal insulation performance data for K-LITE
glass provided by SAG.

Specification Of Glass Thickness

SAG Technical Services Department can undertake glass thickness and center-of-glass deflection studies provided that the following information
is supplied.

• Design wind load in kPa.

• Height of building.
• Dimensions of the glass.
• Fixing system: 4-side or 2-side supported.
• Type and condition of the glass e.g. Annealed, Heat Strengthened, Fully Tempered, single or double glazing.
• Slope of glazing in deg. from horizontal.

Selection
Selection of the right K-LITE glass product for a particular building requires careful consideration of colour and performance to achieve the
desired appearance with optimum energy consumption and performance.

The Actual Colour

This is a precise value which is determined by the body tint of the glass substrate, and the visible light transmission and reflectance of the
chosen K-LITE coating. Generally, the low VLT coatings (K-LITE HP Reflective Glass) produce the strongest colours. As the VLT increases,
so also does the transparency of the glass, and thus the colours become more subdued. Many combinations of K-LITE HP Reflective, Optima and
KE Low-E coatings are available to create a huge palette of colours.

Colour Rendering Index (CRI)

Is the ratio of the perceived colours of the spectrum viewed through a specific glass , compared to the perception of the same colours in normal
daylight with no glass (compare a fixed window and an adjacent open window which is showing “white light”). The CRI scale is from 1 – 100.
Glass with lower CRI causes colours to appear relatively faded, whereas the higher the CRI, the more vibrant the colours. Colour rendering
indices above 90 are very good and from 80 - 90 are good.

The Observed Colour

When viewing K-LITE HP glass on a completed building, the human eye and brain are influenced by a number of extremely important
environmental factors, including:

• The time of the day.

• The sky conditions.
• The distance of the observer from the building.

15
SAG TECHNICAL SERVICES
Design Criteria

• The colours and reflectance of surrounding buildings and landscapes.

• The colour of the other materials in the exterior of the building.
• The difference between the internal and external light intensity.

Furthermore, the colour and reflectance of many K-LITE glass types will be affected by the blue colour of the sky when the weather conditions
are clear and bright, and when there are no reflected adjacent landscapes or buildings.

When the sky is partially cloudy or overcast, or when shaded from the sun, the reduced light intensity produces a darkening of glass colour.

The Daily Cycle

While the building itself is static, the combined effect of a mobile sky, a mobile sun and a mobile observer, creates an ever-changing aspect
which is an inherent and beautiful characteristic of K-LITE high performance glass.

Distortion
Due to the nature of the horizontal roller technology in the production of Heat-Treated glass (HS or FT), the final product will never be as flat as
the original annealed float glass. The visible effect of flatness-irregularity is known as distortion. When glass is further treated with a reflective
coating, the degree of distortion becomes more noticeable. This is, however, an inherent feature of heat-treated reflective glass and is not a
quality problem.

All SAGF heat-treated glass types (HS and FT) are produced within the tolerances of American Standard ASTM C 1048, current version.
Distortion may be accentuated in sealed insulated glass units due to changes in barometric air pressure and changes of temperature acting on
a fixed volume of air hermetically sealed between two glass-lites.

Accuracy of installation of framing members and correct tightness of fixing screws also have a vital effect on the planarity of the glass-surfaces.
Even small deviations in tolerance in the installation of frames can produce substantial visible distortion in the glass itself.

Distortion can also be minimized by ensuring that the heat-treated glass is manufactured and installed with the characteristic roller wave
pattern parallel to the W – dimension.

Distortion is only visible when an image is reflected. Depending on the proximity of the observer to the glazed surface, the amount of distortion
will vary. When standing close to the glass, the degree of distortion is very small, but increases as the observer moves away from the facade.

COLOUR DISTORTION
IMPRESSIONS

Strain Patterns
Slight variations of stress across the surface of a Heat-Treated (mainly FT) glass may become visible to the eye due to the effect of polarized light
at certain times of day, especially near to sun-down when the glass is shaded. Strain patterns (commonly known as “Quench-Marks”) are an
anisotropic phenomenon which can occur in all Heat-Treated glass types, and are sometimes more noticeable in tinted glass and reflective
coated glass. Anisotropic strain-patterns are not considered to be a defect in the Heat-Treated glass.

Mock-up Samples
Distortion, colour and reflectance of K-LITE high performance glass are important design considerations that architects and owners should
evaluate in a full-size mock-up frame erected on site, including a shadow-box, prior to final selection and approval of the desired product.

16
SAG HEAT TREATED GLASS
INTRODUCTION TO S.A.G. HEAT-TREATED FULLY TEMPERED (FT)
AND HEAT-STRENGTHENED (HS) GLASS

Primary float glass, as manufactured, is a glass which is totally free from stress which is known as “Annealed“condition. This allows it to be easily
cut, drilled and edge-worked. However, annealed glass cannot be used as a structural material and has extremely limited resistance to high
wind-load, dead load or extreme solar exposure. Furthermore, when broken, annealed glass is a lethal material which can cause severe or fatal
injury. Question: how can these limitations are overcome? Answer: by heat-treatment in a modern gas-fired horizontal roller furnace to induce
additional properties into the annealed glass which will make it suitable for use in contemporary designs including structural silicone curtain
wall systems and all forms of bolted frameless glazing. How is this done?

Impact Behavior of Annealed Glass

TYPICAL BREAK
C T C T PATTERN

FACE
1 2

When loaded in any circumstance, annealed glass will deflect causing the Face # 1 to develop a level of compressive stress while Face # 2 is now
in tension. As the load increases, the tensile stress in Face # 2 also increases. Since glass is very strong in compression, but weak in tension,
the Face # 2 surface will soon reach its tensile stress – limit and the glass will break. All stress-forces will be relieved, and the result is a
potentially dangerous fragmentation. Annealed glass cannot, therefore, be used for frameless glazing and is restricted for use in areas which
have no legal requirement for safety glass. How can this situation be resolved to allow for safe glazing design?

Heat-Treated Glass: HS and FT

Saudi American Glass offers both Heat-Strengthened (HS) and Fully Tempered (FT) glass for applications requiring added strength or resistance
to stresses caused by absorption of solar energy and to resist the forces of deflection under wind-load. Both glass types are produced on the
most modern horizontal roller type of furnace which, nevertheless, causes the float glass surfaces to develop roller-wave distortion which is a
normal characteristic of heat-treated glass and is controlled well within the parameters of current American Standard ASTM C 1048.

Tempered glass may occasionally break due to the presence of inclusions, typically nickel sulphide, which can occur from time-to-time during
production of raw float glass. Although the extent of spontaneous breakage is statistically minimal, many designers and contractors will
frequently prefer to use Heat Strengthened (HS) glass, in which spontaneous breakage is virtually unknown.

In instances where there is a legal requirement to satisfy the safety aspect of local and / or international building codes or where frameless
glazing is involved, or to resist extreme wind-loads or dead loads in sloped areas, then Fully Tempered (FT) glass or laminated
Heat-Strengthened glass must be used.

Fully Tempered (FT) Glass

FT glass is produced by Saudi American Glass in horizontal roller furnaces in which the glass is heated to around 700 degC at which temperature
it is red-hot and in a “plastic” condition. Since the pitch of the support-rollers is 120 mm, the soft glass is constantly oscillated forwards and
backwards during the entire process in order to minimise any tendency to sag between the rollers. On reaching the peak temperature, the glass
is quickly moved to the quenching zone where it is rapidly cooled, simultaneously on both surfaces, by a force of cold air which causes the outer
surfaces (including the edges) to contract, thus creating a total “envelope” of compressive stresses in Faces # 1 and 2.

However, this rapid cooling of the surfaces is not immediately conducted to the hot centre of the glass which remains in a state of expansion
but then cools, after a short delay, to a greater degree of contraction than the surfaces. As a result, the centre-zone of the glass is now placed
in tension entirely within the compression-envelope, thus creating a perfect balance of forces in a stable Fully Tempered condition.

Clearly, if the FT glass is now subjected to a load, the compressive stress in Face # 2 will allow the glass to absorb a much greater force without
breaking and, on removal of the force, the glass (being a perfectly elastic material) will return to its original flat condition.

17
SAG HEAT TREATED GLASS
INTRODUCTION TO S.A.G. HEAT-TREATED FULLY TEMPERED (FT)
AND HEAT-STRENGTHENED (HS) GLASS

Impact Behaviour of Fully Tempered Glass

C C
TYPICAL
T T
BREAK PATTERN
C T C T OR
C C
T T
FACE
1 2 FACE
1 2 TOTAL
C
RETURN FRACTURE
TO NORMAL
Breakage of FT glass will occur when the deflection exceeds the capacity of the compressive envelope to resist the tensile force ultimately
created in Face # 2. Alternatively, if hit by a sharp or very hard object, on the face or on the edge of the pane, which penetrates through to the
tensile zone, then the sudden release of energy stored in the tensile zone will cause total disintegration of the glass into small fragments which
are classed as “non-injurious“. This important feature of FT glass means that it is considered by all major international standards to be a “true
safety glass“ for use in all glazing situations where impact-resistance and thermal safety are required.

Summary of S.A.G. Fully Tempered (FT) Glass

• Is 4 – 5 times stronger than annealed glass of the same thickness.
• Has much greater resistance to thermally-induced stress than annealed glass.
• Tempered properties are stable within a temperature-range from -100 degC to 290 degC and can withstand severe temperature
down-shocks.
• Typically breaks into small particles which can be handled safely.
• Suitable for use as a safety glass as defined by:
European Standard EN 12600 2002
British Standards BS EN 6206 / 6262
Conforms to European Production Standard EN 12150-1 2000 and current American Standard ASTM C 1048.

Applications
• All types of clear, tinted and Post-Temperable sputter-coated glass are available in FT condition.
• FT glass can be used in any window or curtain wall system
• FT glass is a structural glass which can be used for frameless glass facades, frameless glass doors, glass balustrades and many types of
furniture and oven appliances.
• FT glass is widely used in private and public transport vehicles.
• FT glass can be laminated with a suitable number of PVB interlayers.
• FT glass can be produced with silk-screened and digital printed ceramic frit designs.
• FT glass CANNOT be cut or drilled after tempering. Any post-tempering operations such as edge-grinding, cutting, sand-blasting etc may
cause sudden, or premature, failure.
• Edge-Working: FT glass is normally supplied with standard arrised edges for general glazing purposes. Where glass-edges are exposed,
a variety of smooth or polished edge-finishes are available on rectangular, shaped or complex-shaped glass lites.
• All K-LITE HP, OPTIMA and KE-74 Low-E coatings are available on FT glass which is tempered prior to the coating process.

18
SAG HEAT TREATED GLASS
INTRODUCTION TO S.A.G. HEAT-TREATED FULLY TEMPERED (FT)
AND HEAT-STRENGTHENED (HS) GLASS

Heat-Strengthened (HS) Glass

HS glass is a “semi-tempered“ glass in which the hot glass is cooled similarly to tempered glass, but for a longer period which results in much
lower compressive stress in the “external envelope’ and a much weaker tensile zone. HS glass is therefore not a safety glass and cannot be used
for frameless bolted glazing. When broken, the fragmentation is into large pieces which, however, tend to remain in situ, especially when used
in sealed insulated units where the perimeter sealant is able to retain the glass with minimum “fall-out “. Due to the minimal tensile zone,
the risk of spontaneous breakage from Nickel Sulphide inclusions is almost “zero”.

Summary of HS Glass

Picture Framing Impact Dicing

Typical Heat Strengthened Fracture

• Is 2 – times stronger than Annealed glass of the same thickness.

• Has much greater resistance to thermal stress than Annealed glass.
• Typically breaks edge-to-edge in large pieces.
• Is not a safety glass.
• Conforms to European Production Standard EN 1863 and current American Standard ASTM C 1048.

Applications
• HS glass is not a structural glass and must be glazed on all four edges in conventional or structural silicone curtain wall systems.
• Not suitable for frameless bolted glazing.
• HS glass is the ideal choice for high-rise buildings where added resistance to wind-load and thermal stresses is required.
• HS glass can be laminated with a suitable number of PVB interlayers.
• HS glass can be produced with silk-screened and digital printed ceramic frit designs.
• All K-LITE, OPTIMA AND KE-74 Low – E coatings are available on HS glass which is Heat-Strengthened prior to the coating process.

19
SAG HEAT SOAK TESTING

In its original state, float glass is produced as a primary raw material in the form of large stocksheets which are intended for downstream
processing to create the finished glass product, as installed. The Float Glass Process ensures that the glass is cooled gradually to achieve a
stress-free condition which is described as Annealed glass. This process of annealing allows the glass to be cut, edge-worked and drilled safely
and accurately without risk of uncontrolled breakage.

Saudi American Glass sources its raw float glass requirements from reputable manufacturers which conform to best international standards
including American Standard ASTM C 1036 in terms of flatness, surface quality and minimal internal impurities, bubbles, and seeds within the
body of the glass.

Although float glass manufacturers take extreme precautions to ensure maximum purity of the raw materials, it is possible from time-to-time,
for Nickel Sulphide (NiS) inclusions (which are invisible to the human eye and also to electronic QC procedures) to occur in the glass.
Their extremely small size, typically from 0.076 – 0.38mm, means that they are undetected by all practical detection methods, and so they may
be present, randomly, in the float pane which has been cut and prepared for tempering.

Distribution of NiS inclusions in FT Glass

a
b

W T

From this random distribution of inclusions in the FT glass pane, it can be seen that (a) and (b) are located within the compression envelope
where they will remain dormant indefinitely and cause no risk to the integrity of the FT glass.

Inclusion (c) is located within the tensile zone where it will commence to undergo changes to its crystalline structure, causing it to expand.
Ultimately, after a period of time, which may be from 6 – 36 months, from date of production, the expansion of the NiS inclusion, although only
from 2 – 4% in volume, can result in internal stress up to 500,000 psi which will cause “spontaneous” breakage through total release of the
latent energy contained in the tensile zone.

Distribution of NiS inclusions in HS Glass

a
b

W T

From the same random distribution in Heat Strengthened glass, the critical inclusion (c) is not affected by the much weaker forces of the tensile
zone and it will therefore remain dormant indefinitely. HS glass has minimal risk of spontaneous breakage due to the presence of inclusions
(including Nickel Sulphide) in the raw float glass substrate.

20
SAG HEAT SOAK TESTING

Heat Soak Testing. Note that on a worldwide basis, FT glass is not warranted against spontaneous breakage due to NiS or other impurities,
and replacement glass will be supplied at Owner’s expense. Heat Soak Testing (HST) is not a guarantee that the FT glass will not fail at a future
date, but Saudi American Glass advises it’s Clients to take the option of HST as an assurance of minimal risk for all glazed areas which may
present difficult and costly access (out of proportion to the cost of any replacement glass) with great disruption to occupants.

Test-Programme: At Buyer’s discretion, the FT glass supplied by Saudi American Glass may be subject to partial, or random, Heat Soak Testing,
or may be 100% tested.

NOTE: The cost of HST is determined by the thickness of the glass which affects the cycle-time in the HST oven.

NOTE: Spontaneous breakage may not always be due to Nickel Sulphide inclusions, and can also occur as a result of edge-damage, surface
scratches, glass-to-metal contact etc, all of which can contribute to weakness and premature failure of the FT glass.

Availability
Saudi American Glass have installed HST facilities to conduct Heat Soak Testing in accordance with European Standard EN 14179 in which the
“holding time” is 2 hours at 290 deg C.

HST Oven Capacity is 5000 x 2400mm and daily output is 10 tons.

21
 COMPARISON OF TEMPERED GLASS
AND HEAT STRENGTHENED GLASS

Characteristic Tempered Glass Heat Strengthened Glass

Surface Compressive Stress 80N/mm2 to 150N/mm2 25N/mm2 to 52N/mm2

but ≥100N/mm2 for safety
glazing quality.

Mechanical Strength ≥ 4 times that of annealed glass. ≥ 2 times that of annealed glass
Can be used with bolted fixings.

Resistance to Thermal Stress ≥ 6 times that for annealed glass. ≥ 2 times that of annealed glass.
Sufficient for most glazing
applications.

300˚C
Maximum Operating Temperature Can withstand thermal down-shock 150˚C
of 200 Centigrade degrees.
Fracture Characteristics Breaks into small, relatively Fracture similar to annealed
harmless fragments. For safety glass. Should not be regarded
glazing needs ≥ 40 particles in as a safety glass.
50mm square when tested to
ASTM C 1048.

Optical Distortion Some optical distortion may be Can be less than for tempered
expected within limits set by glass.
ASTM C 1048.

Bow Some bow may be expected Can be less than for tempered
within limits set by ASTM C 1048. glass.

Thickness Available 4mm to 19mm 4mm to 10mm

Nickel Sulphide Inclusions A very small proportion of panels Not generally regarded as a
contain critical Nickel Sulphide source of fracture. Heat Soak
(NiS) inclusions. Most of these Testing not applicable.
can be eliminated by heat soaking.

22
SAG SAFE-T-LAM LAMINATED
ARCHITECTURAL GLASS

Introduction
Modern architectural design continues with growing emphasis to depend on the beauty and durability of glass to perform an increasing
multitude of tasks.

Versatile and indispensable, glass is used worldwide to enhance facades with colour and reflectance, to illuminate interiors, and to protect
occupants from the weather, from fire, from noise and from criminals. If properly used, it can keep us warm, or cool, with optimum
consumption of energy, but it has one fault: it is fragile and breaks easily and then no longer acts as a protective barrier.

SAFE-T-LAM laminated glass provides a comprehensive solution to all of these problems at every level of criminal threat or environmental danger.

What is Laminated Glass?

SAFE-T-LAM laminated glass is formed by creating a sandwich of two, or more, sheets of glass bonded to each other under heat and pressure,
using a plastic interlayer of PVB (PolyVinylButyral) which has optical qualities almost equal to the glass itself. Standard PVB interlayer is 0.38mm
(.015 inch) thick, and can be used in single or multiple interlayer-combinations depending on the desired level of strength required. SAFE-T-LAM
laminated glass cannot be visually distinguished from standard clear glass when both are used in different locations on the same building
elevation.

23
SAG SAFE-T-LAM LAMINATED
ARCHITECTURAL GLASS
SAFE-T-LAM laminated glass provides optimum levels of protection in terms of

SAFETY SECURITY SOUND CONTROL SOLAR CONTROL UV LIGHT PROTECTION

Safety (Normal Strength: NS) Annealed glass only

NS
The safety of glazing in buildings is now a matter of universal concern. Annealed
SAFE-T-LAM (NS) with a 0.38mm PVB Interlayer is a true safety glass conforming to all major
0.38 mm PVB
international standards, for use in residential or public buildings where any glazed opening is
at risk from accidental human impact. When broken, SAFE-T-LAM NS remains in the frame
3, 4, 6, 8, 10 mm
and continues to perform safely, resisting penetration by the impacting person, and
preventing injury.

Security a (High Penetration Resistance: HPR) Annealed glass only

HPR
Robbery and violence are growing aspects of modern life and glazing systems have to be
designed to withstand smash-and-grab attacks on any premises which store or display 0.76 mm PVB
valuable commodities. SAFE-T-LAM HPR laminated glass with 0.76mm PVB interlayer,
provides all the safety features of an NS laminate plus substantially increased resistance to
3, 4, 6, 8 mm
physical attack in residential and commercial buildings. Also suitable for sloped glazing
where it is essential to prevent fall-out in the event of breakage.

Security b (High Impact: HI) Annealed, Heat – Strengthened and Fully Tempered

HI
SAFE-T-LAM HI is an annealed glass laminate with a 1.52mm PVB interlayer and is
considered to be “Anti-Bandit“ or “Burglar-Resistant“ quality. SAFE-T-LAM HI is sufficiently
tough to resist penetration when attacked with bricks, sledge-hammers, or crow-bars. 1.52 mm PVB
In most cases, the Attackers are deterred by the laminated glass and will run away to look
for easier targets. Can also be supplied in Fully Tempered or Heat-Strengthened condition 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 mm
for additional structural strength and / or enhanced thermal safety when exposed to high
temperatures.

24
SAG SAFE-T-LAM LAMINATED
ARCHITECTURAL GLASS

Security c (Heavy Duty: HD)

HD
SAFE-T-LAM HD laminated glass is designed for use in areas where additional protection is 0.76 mm PVB
required. A minimum of three glass sheets combined with multiple layers of PVB offers
a high level of deterrence and prolonged resistance to violent attack 4, 6, 8, 10 mm

Security d (Blast Resistance)

TNT
BR
In buildings subjected to extreme blast-forces, the majority of deaths and injuries are caused
by broken glass, especially where windows are installed with m1onolithic annealed glass.

SAFE-T-LAM HI laminated glass, correctly installed in suitable framing systems, will

mitigate, or totally prevent, the penetration of glass fragments into the building. However,
whereas the velocity and impact-force of bullets can be calculated with great accuracy,
1.52 mm PVB
blast-forces are much more unpredictable and can vary according to:

• Distance of glazing from the explosion. 6, 8, 10 mm

• Height of glazing above the explosion.
• Weight and chemical composition of the explosive material.

Generally, a 3-ply SAFE-T-LAM HI Annealed laminated glass with a 1.52mm PVB interlayer 1.52 mm PVB
will provide a high level of protection with minimum glass fall-out, even under severe blast HS
exposure. In the case of double glazing, the Outer Pane should be monolithic
(non-laminated) Heat-Strengthened glass and the Inner Pane SAFE-T-LAM HI annealed 4, 6, 8 mm
laminated glass. Edges of the laminated glass should be flat-polished for improved
mechanical strength and resistance to thermal stress.

25
SAG SAFE-T-LAM LAMINATED
ARCHITECTURAL GLASS

Security e (Bullet Resistance: BRG)

BRG
SAFE-T-LAM BRG is composed of multiple layers of glass and PVB which form
an effective barrier to ballistic attacks from small, medium and high-velocity
weapons. Configurations of the glass and PVB (and, hence, the thickness and
total mass of the BRG glass) depends on the “threat-level“ according to:

• The type of weapon.

• The type of ammunition.
• The velocity of the ammunition.
• The firing distance.

SAFE-T-LAM BRG provides improved security in a variety of commercial,

institutional and government buildings where there is a high risk of ballistic
attack. BRG is designed to provide a safety barrier from bullet penetration
Actual combination of Glass and
and flying fragmentation. Testing of BRG to recognized ballistics test standard PVB are proprietory information of
is required to demonstrate ballistics performance. Proper specification of Saudi American Glass.
bullet resistant glazing will include the “threat-level“ to which the glazing has
been tested.

Saudi American Glass Factory has successfully tested SAFE-T-LAM BRG at a

full range of threat-levels and will be pleased to supply details of test results
on request to SAG Technical Advisory Department.

Note: Production Size limits. BRG glass is very heavy: large BRG units may create severe problems in manufacture, transportation and
installation and these factors must be carefully considered when specifying BRG. For example, 37mm ( nominal ) thick BRG for ballistic level
# BR2 has a total mass of 92 kg/m2, and 79mm (nominal) thick BRG for ballistic level # BR7 has a total mass of 197 kg/m2. Total mass should
not exceed 500 kg / pc. Please submit enquiries to the Technical Advisory Service Department at Saudi American Glass Factory for review.

Installation of SAFE-T-LAM
SAFE-T-LAM NS, HPR, HI and BRG laminated glass will perform at maximum levels of protection only if installed into suitably designed frames
which, themselves, are able to withstand the forces transmitted through the glass. Full protection therefore depends on a total combination
of glass, frame and fixing-method in structural openings which have also been designed to contain the anticipated forces under worst conditions.

26
SAG SAFE-T-LAM LAMINATED
ARCHITECTURAL GLASS

Sound Control

SAFE-T-LAM HPR laminated glass with a 0.76mm PVB interlayer greatly

improves Transmission Loss (T/L) over the audible sound frequency
waveband from 100 – 5000 Hz, especially in the higher frequency range 0.76 mm PVB or
=< 800 Hz. Acoustic performance depends on the thickness of the glass while 0.76 mm Acoustic PVB
retaining the 0.76mm PVB interlayer. Furthermore, when the SAFE-T-LAM
HPR laminated glass is used as one, or both, panes of a SAG Insulated Glass 3, 4, 6, 8, 10 mm
Unit, the T/L performance is even more dramatically improved over a larger
portion of the audible waveband and with virtual cancellation of Coincidence
Dip (see page 39).

For applications requiring even better acoustic insulation, SAFE-T-LAM HPR is

offered with acoustic-grade PVB which has greater sound-attenuating properties,
and in which the average T/L improvement is 3 – 4 dB depending on overall
glass thickness and whether symmetrical (panes of equal thickness) or
asymmetrical (panes of different thickness) glass combinations are used in the
laminated construction.

27
SAG SAFE-T-LAM LAMINATED
ARCHITECTURAL GLASS

Solar Control

SAFE-T-LAM laminated glass can be produced with K-LITE high performance

glass in various combinations to reduce solar energy transmission, to control
glare and to screen-out UV radiation. K-LITE High performance reflective
coatings can be laminated with the coating on Surface # 2 of the laminate and
can be used in single glazing or as the Outer Pane of an insulated glass unit.
The K-LITE range of Optima and KE74 Low-E coatings cannot be used in single
glazing and must be double glazed. In this case, the low-E coating is applied
on surface # 4 of the laminate (facing the sealed air-space of the insulated
unit). Normally, when used for solar control with a tinted or K-LITE composition,
the glass will be either Heat-Strengthened (minimum PVB thickness = 1.14mm)
or Fully Tempered (minimum PVB thickness = 1.52mm) in order to withstand
thermal stresses caused by energy absorption and, potentially, partial shading.

K-LITE Reflective K-LITE KE 74 Optima

and K-LITE OPTIMA
Low - E Series

Ultra Violet Light (UV) Protection

UV light is one of the most serious causes of fading in goods and materials
exposed to direct sunlight through glass. The cost of losses due to fading can ULTRA VIOLET SCREENING PROPERTIES
be substantial. Total UV Radiation
PVB Thickness mm Filtration
(cut-off at 380 nm)
SAFE-T-LAM laminated glass is virtually opaque to UV radiation which occurs
in a waveband from 310 – 380 nm (nanometres) in the Solar Spectrum, 0.38 98%
whereas 6mm clear float glass transmits 55% UV at 350 nm. As a further
example, UV radiation at 350 nm has a damage-potential 50 times greater 0.76 99%
than that of Visible Light at 500 nm.
1.14 99%
Note: Although UV radiation is the primary cause of fading other
environmental factors such as oxygen, moisture, air-pollution, elevated 6mm Clear Float 55% at 350 nm
temperatures (in display-windows), visible light and normal wear will also
contribute to colour degradation.
Results are for clear PVB only. Pigmented
PVB will have equal or greater screening
UV radiation protection of PVB is stable over time. All clear and tinted PVB
performance. The data shown above are
interlayers have been shown to provide original levels of UV protection after
based on specific test samples and are not
tests equivalent to more than five years of continuous exposure in full desert
guaranteed for all samples or applications.
conditions.

28
SAG SAFE-T-LAM ONE-WAY MIRROR

Guide to Optimum One-Way Vision

SAFE-T-LAM K-LITE high performance glass is capable of giving first class one-way vision in shops, supermarkets, banks, airports, police
stations and other security locations where discreet observation is required. In order to maintain the privacy of the observer-side and also
to ensure maximum visibility of the non-private side, the following environmental conditions must be provided.

Private Side Single Glazing Double Glazing Non-Private Side

Recommended
Recommended
Light-Ratio ≥ 8:1
Light-Ratio ≤ 1:8

Walls, floors and

Walls, floors and
furniture to be as light possible
furniture to be in
dark, subdued colours
Avoid direct lighting on the glass
Observer to avoid
wearing white or
OR All glass to be installed with the
light coloured clothing
coated surface facing the non-private side
6 mm K-LITE SS20 Grey Annealed

6 mm K-LITE SS20 Grey Annealed

20 mm Black Painted Spacer

0.76 mm Clear PVB (HPR)
4 mm Clear Annealed

6 mm Clear Annealed

10.76 mm 32 mm

29
 S.A.G. INSULATED GLASS UNITS

Why Double Glazing?

Ambient heat-transfer through glass (outdoor-indoor-outdoor) can occur via three mechanisms: Absorption, Conductions and Radiation.
Because of its transparency, glass can allow potentially large amounts of conducted and directly-transmitted heat to enter a room-space,
and is the “weakest“ material in the building- envelope in terms of heat-loss or heat-gain, depending on the climate. This gain, or loss, can be
substantially reduced through the use of insulated double glazed units .

S.A.G. double glazed units create a dead (non-convective) air-space between two panes of glass, thus slowing down the rate of heat-exchange
between ambient warm and cool air-masses on either side of the unit. The reduction of heat-transfer through glazing in modern building design
is of vital importance in minimising the capital cost, and subsequent running cost, of heating or cooling equipment over the entire life-cycle of
the building. Room interior comfort levels are also significantly improved, in both summer and winter, through the use of insulated glass units.

The “Dual - Seal” Fabrication of Insulated Glass Units

Saudi American Glass factory is equipped with the most up-to-date LISEC lines for the manufacture of Sealed Insulated Glass Units (IGU) using
mill-finish (silver) or black-painted hollow aluminium spacer tubes filled with a desiccant material to ensure elimination of residual moisture in
the air-space and to prevent internal condensation. The inter-space between the two glass panes is thus hermetically sealed and contains
de-hydrated air at factory ambient barometric pressure.

Perimeter spacer tubes are of bendable type and sealing is done with a PRIMARY butyl (polyisobutylene) sealant applied to the glass-facing
surfaces of the spacer tube to create an impervious vapour-barrier, followed by a structural silicone SECONDARY sealant to bond the two glass
panes around the perimeter of the unit. This is known as the “dual-seal” system for production of durable, reliable, sealed double glazed units
to last for the life of the building.

Saudi American Glass factory has the capacity to produce up to 50,000 sqm of dual-seal IGU’s per month.

Typical SAG Insulated Glass Unit Construction

SECONDARY SEAL
Structural Silicone
Hollow Aluminium
Spacer - Tube
Desiccant
PRIMARY SEAL
Polyisobutylene
K-Lite Coating
Dehydrated
Air-filled space
Outer Pane
Inner Pane
PVB (If Required)
IGU Face - sequence

1 2 3456

Framing Materials
The efficiency of Insulated Glass Units is seriously affected by the quality and design of the framing systems. Frame materials, such as steel or
aluminium are capable of transmitting excessive amounts of heat to the edges of insulated glass units in hot weather. Equally, it is possible for
the frame to create a serious lowering of temperature around the edges in cold weather. In each case, only the centre of the glass will perform
according to its true thermal resistance (U-Value) with serious effect on its efficiency and cost-benefit to owners and occupants. For this reason,
it is strongly recommended that metal framing systems should incorporate a thermal break in the design. Timber and UPVC frames offer better
thermal resistance with minimum effect on the overall U-Value of the glass.

30
S.A.G. INSULATED GLASS UNITS

Acoustic Insulation
In addition to the thermal insulation benefits of sealed insulated glass units, there is also an additional significant benefit in terms of acoustic
insulation. The combination of two panes of glass and an inter-pane air space provides an effective barrier to sound transmission, especially at
sound-frequencies => 500Hz. Transmission Loss (TL) in dB varies according to width of air-space and thickness-combinations of the two glass
panes. Every increase in width of air-space improves the TL-performance of the sealed unit. However, thermal insulation (U-Value) reaches an
optimum level at 16mm air-space.

ACOUSTIC THERMAL
+++++ 2.20
++++ 2.10
Sound +++ 2.00 U-Value
Transmission (W/m2 K)
Loss ++ 1.90
(dB)
+ 1.70
1.40

8 12 16 20 25
AIR SPACE (mm)

Condensation
Sealed insulated glass units play a major part in the reduction of condensation by raising the “Dew-Point“ the relevant glass surface (Outer or
Inner, depending on whether the building is heated or air-conditioned) when the Relative Humidity (RH) is high. Optimum air-space width is
16 mm and, for maximum protection, a K-LITE Low-E coating should be applied on Face # 2 for air-conditioned buildings, and Face # 3 for heated
buildings.

Risk of Condensation

Insulated Insulated
Single Glass Unit
Glass Unit
Glazing K-LITE Optima
(Un-coated)
Surface #2

31
S.A.G. INSULATED GLASS UNITS

Pressure Equalisation
Distortion and bow can be exaggerated in sealed insulated glass units due to changes in barometric pressure and temperature acting on a fixed
volume of air hermetically sealed between two glass panes. Large differential in air pressure between site and the sealed air-space can cause
excessive stress on the perimeter seals of the unit, leading to potential early failure. Where sealed insulated units have to be transported over
high altitudes, or installed in locations where there is a substantial altitude-difference between factory and site, then pressure-equalisation
devices (removable at point-of-installation) can be supplied. The small void in the sealant must be filled with a compatible “Neutral-Curing Type
“silicone sealant prior to glazing.

Structural Contact Depth

Structural Contact Depth (SCD) of the Secondary Seal is typically 6.4mm, but for very large units and also for sealed insulated units installed in
bolted glass facades, it may be necessary to increase the SCD to take account of wind-load, dead load and shear stresses. Note to Window and
Curtain wall Contractors; any structural bonding, or any on-site application of silicone sealant to, or around, SAG insulated units MUST be done
with “Neutral-Curing Type” structural silicone. The use of “acetoxy-curing” (acetic acid based) silicones is strictly not allowed. For further
details, please consult SAG Technical Advisory Service Department.

SCD

Structural Contact Depth

(SCD)

Availability
Saudi American Glass insulated glass units are produced in accordance with American Standard ASTM 2190 and European Standard EN 1279
within the manufacturing limitations shown below.

NORMAL MACHINE
AIR SPACE (mm) MAX. SIZE (mm) LIMITATIONS (mm)
2400 x 5000
6 8 10 12 16 20 2400 x 3660
(Submit Enquiries)

32
SAG-CERAM CERAMIC FRITTED GLASS

SAG-CERAM from Saudi American Glass is an enamel-painted Fully Toughened or Heat-Strengthened glass in which the paint is ceramic-based
and is fire-fused into the glass surface at 700 deg C in a tempering furnace. The resulting ceramic-enamel finish is extremely durable and will
never chip or peel even when exposed to maximum solar heat absorption, The Sag-Ceram paint system is also UV-stabilised and is thus resistant
to fading in any prolonged exposure to sunlight.

SAG-CERAM is a glass cladding-material which can be fixed to concrete walls using a combination of structural silicone sealants and / or
aluminium framing, clips and brackets. It is widely used in conventional and structural silicone curtain wall systems as a harmonizing or
contrasting spandrel panel which can be structurally bonded directly onto the ceramic paint on surface # 2 of the panel. Some typical
spandrel-applications are shown below

SAG - CERAM Spandrel Design Options

SAG - CERAM
ON SURFACE #2 SAG - CERAM SAFE - T - LAM SAG - CERAM SAG - CERAM
SAG - CERAM WITH K-LITE HP SURFACE #2 WITH WITH INSULATED WITH INSULATED
SURFACE #2 COATING OR SAG - CERAM FOLDED METAL FOLDED METAL
SUPER - IMPOSED SURFACE #4 SURFACE #4 BACK - PAN BACK - PAN

SAG-CERAM “Opaque” involves 100% coverage of paint which is applied by a “squee-gee” roller through a silk-screen. Due to operational
reasons, the thickness of the paint-application may be variable so that, if exposed to light on both sides, there may be a dis-uniform appearance.
SAG-CERAM “Opaque” is therefore not recommended for any “back-lit” application but, in a typical spandrel or cladding location, will give a
smart uniform effect.

SAG-CERAM printed designs are also produced by means of silk screens in an infinite variety of customised patterns including dot-matrix (holes
or dots), lines, circles and many other custom-designs typically as shown below.

LINE SERIES

DOT / HOLE SERIES

When used in any location where the printed ceramic paint application is exposed, e.g. in frameless doors, balustrades, partitions etc,
the finish is smooth, easy-to-clean and provides a permanent, non-aging, crisp appearance.

33
SAG-CERAM CERAMIC FRITTED GLASS

SAG-CERAM with K-LITE: Combining the superb performance of K-Lite High Performance Solar Control coatings and the decorative potential of
SAG-CERAM printed designs, Saudi American Glass can offer K-Lite HP glass in which the K-LITE coating is applied on top of the ceramic painted
design, both applications on surface # 2, to produce a decorative solar control K-Lite product which can be either single or double glazed.

Colours: Regular SAG-CERAM colours in stock include white, black and grey. Custom colours can be made available on request and will be
surcharged on quantities =< 400 m2.

Availability

MANUFACTURING LIMITS
SUBSTRATE T mm
MAX mm MIN mm

CLEAR 4, 6, 8 , 10,
12, 15 2000 x 4000 300 x 300

TINTED

GREY
BRONZE 6, 8, 10 2000 x 3660 300 x 300
GREEN
BLUE

Drilling and Edge-Working: SAG-CERAM is a heat-treated (FT or HS) glass product which cannot be cut or worked after heat treatment. All work
of this nature must be done prior to heat treatment.

34
THERMAL MOVEMENT
CHARACTERISTICS OF WINDOW GLASS
Commercial-quality (soda-lime) glass has a moderate Coefficient of Linear Expansion compared to many other construction materials.
Nevertheless, the unique brittle and fragile nature of glass requires us to understand the implications of good or bad glass-selection and glazing
design on the resistance of glass to thermal expansion when exposed to the sun.

Linear expansion is expressed by a coefficient which measures how much the glass will stretch over a temperature difference of one (1)
centigrade degree. This coefficient is generally given for a temperature range of 20 – 300 deg C.

The coefficient of linear expansion for normal commercial quality window glass is 9 x 10-6 m/mk, and the following example demonstrates this effect :-

Length of glass = 2000 mm.

Increase in temperature is 30 Centigrade degrees.
Therefore, increase in length = 2000 x 9 x 10-6 x 30 = 0.54 mm.

In other words, an increase of 100 Centigrade degrees in the body of the glass will cause 1 metre of glass to expand by approximately 1.0 mm

Coefficient of Linear Expansion (m/mk) Approximate Ratio

Wood 4 x 10-6 0.5
Brick 5 x 10-6 0.5
Limestone 5 x 10-6 0.5
Glass 9 x 10-6 1.0
Steel 12 x 10-6 1.4
Cement ( mortar ) 14 x 10-6 1.5
Aluminium 23 x 10-6 2.5
Polyvinyl Chloride ( PVC ) 70 x 10-6 8.0

GLASSTYPE SOLAR ABSORPTANCE (%) RISK OF THERMAL BREAKAGE GLASS CONDITION

Clear 18 Low Annealed acceptable
Tinted 30 – 40 Medium Tempered advisved
Reflective on Clear 60 – 70 High Tempered advised
Reflective on Tinted 70 – 85 Very High Tempered essential

Thermal Stress and Partial Shading

When glass is exposed to sunlight, solar energy is absorbed, causing the glass-temperature to rise in the center of the pane while the edges
which are shaded by the framing system, remain cool. Rapid expansion of the heated center is offset by a slower expansion of the cooler edges,
thus creating stresses which may cause the glass to crack.

The solar absorptance and corresponding thermal safety risk of various glasstypes is shown below:

Not A Thermal Break

Evaluation of Thermal Crack. Low Stress
Below 10 343 kPa
(Below 1 500 psi.)
Thermal Break Tension break
from bending
Low Stress
Below 10 343 kPa
(Below 1 500 psi.)
Impact Damage
Edge of glass
Crack perpendicular to edge.

Thermal Break
High Stress

Impact Damage
Face of Glass
Crack perpendicular to edge.

Crack perpendicular to edge.

35
THERMAL MOVEMENT
CHARACTERISTICS OF WINDOW GLASS
Factors which affect the thermal safety of glass are:
< Thickness and type of glass: absorptance increases in proportion to thickness
< Glass-to-metal contact caused by:

• Lack of edge-clearance (A)

• Excessive glass-bite (edge-cover) (B)
• Lack of face-clearance (C)

< Condition of glass edges

B
• Annealed glass with clean-cut or polished edges has best resistance to thermal movement. EXPANDING
C
• Glass with edges damaged during handling or installation have much higher risk of thermal breakage. HOT AREA
A
STABLE COOL
< Colour of Frames: lighter colours (low absorptance) have a higher risk –factor than dark colours EDGES

(high absorptance) which reduce the temperature differential between the edge and center of the pane.

< Time of day / Time of year: Cold, sunny mornings at Sunrise are more dangerous than hot sunny mornings.

< Drapes, blinds or curtains close to the rear surface of the glass may create interior “heat-traps” with excessive localised heat-gain and thermal stress
Retrofit films for improved solar control on clear or tinted annealed glass may cause excessive absorptance of solar energy.

< Partial shading (see diagram below). Shadows cast by building-overhangs, surrounding structures, scaffolding, trees and shrubbery can create
a variety of exterior shading patterns on glass in a building. This exterior partial shading can create varying degrees of thermal edge-stress in the glass.

The following diagram shows some typical shading patterns that can be created on glazing. These are noted as “acceptable”, “marginal” or
“harmful”. The drawings can serve as a guide to the severity of thermal stresses created by various exterior shading patterns and will assist in
the selection of heat-treated glass, or otherwise, in certain conditions.

The maximum thermal stress occurs when 25%, or less, of an individual glass lite is shaded and when the shaded area includes more than 25%
of the lite’s perimeter.

Generally, horizontal, vertical or diagonal patterns are not as critical as shading that includes combinations of these patterns. Double-diagonal
shading that creates a “V”-shaped patterns with the center of the “V” located at the center of a glass-edge is considered the most critical
shading pattern.

75% Shaded

25% Shaded

Clear glass Acceptable Clear glass Marginal

All glasstypes
Tinted and Marginal Tinted and Harmful should be
coated glass coated glass unlesss FT HS or FT
or HS

In applications where thermal stress may be a concern, the glass should be Toughened.
Edges of annealed glass should be polished to remove any damage and to improve the mechanical strength of the glass.
Further enquiries concerning the thermal safety of solar control, or any other kind of glass should be directed to the Technical Department at
Saudi American Glass Factory.

36
ACOUSTIC INSULATION – DEFINITIONS

Audible Frequency Waveband

All sound waves have a frequency which is measured in Herz (Hz). A sound wave with a frequency of 500 Hz means that there are 500 vibrations
per second emanating from the source. The human ear is able to detect frequencies ranging from 20 – 8000Hz, but most acoustic testing on
glass is done within the range of 100 – 5000Hz to allow for average human hearing ability.

Acoustic Insulation Definitions

Frequency Distribution of Typical Sounds

Bass Drum
Middle C
Ringing Telephone
Television
Male Voice
Female Voice
Speech Intelligibility
Speech Privacy
Truck
Auto Horn
Freight Train
Jet Aircraft
Propeller Aircraft
Electric Motor
Punch Press

50 100 200 500 1000 2000 5000 10000 (Hz)

Frequency in Cycles Per Second
(with grateful acknowledgement to VIRACON)

The Speed of Sound

Sound vibrations travel at a constant speed of 344 m/sec at 20degC at Mean Sea Level and is known as the speed of sound. At higher
temperatures (or higher altitudes) the speed of sound increases due to lower air-density. The more the air is disturbed, the louder the sound,
but with increasing distance from source, there will be a gradual decrease in the energy of the sound waves. This phenomenon is known as
“noise decay”.

37
 ACOUSTIC INSULATION – DEFINITIONS

Sound Pressure Level: SPL (Sound Pressure Intensity) is the sound-power of the source and will vary according to the distance of the listener
from the source. For example, a jet aircraft on a runway at 1000m distance would have an SPL roughly equivalent to a vacuum cleaner at 3m.
SPL is measured in decibels (dB) and employs a non-linear, logarithmic (compressed) scale which means that it cannot be used to compare the
loudness of particular sounds in linear fashion. For example, an 80dB SPL is not twice as loud as a 40dB SPL. In fact, any change in sound intensity
(SPL) multiplies or divides ten-fold for every 10dB increment or decrease. In the above example, a 40dB increase, the noise has 10,000 times
more sound-power.

Perceived loudness, however, relates to the ability of the human ear to detect changes in SPL and doubles with every 10dB change in measured SPL.

Comparison of Sound Intensity and Sound Pressure Level

Sound Intensity Sound Pressure Typical Sounds

or Pressure Level in dB

1,000,000,000,000 120 Thunder Clap

100,000,000,000 110 Nearby Riveter
10,000,000,000 100 Boiler Factory/Subway
1,000,000,000 90 Loud Street Noise/Noisy Factory
100,000,000 80 Noisy Office
10,000,000 70 Average Street Noise
1,000,000 60 Average Radio/Average Office
100,000 50 Average Conversation
10,000 40 Quiet Radio/Private Office
1,000 30 Average Auditorium
100 20 Quiet Conversation/Whisper
10 10 Soundproof Room
1 0 Threshold of Audibility

(with grateful acknowledgement to VIRACON)

Sound Transmission Loss (TL) measures the insulation-effectiveness of a particular glass as a barrier to noise transmission. The actual
Transmission Loss of a specific glass is the difference in Decibels (dB) between the sound pressure striking the glass and the quantity of sound
transmitted through the glass over a range of audible frequencies from 100 – 5000Hz. Please refer to the example shown on page # 40
Two generally-accepted methods are used to enable designers to compare the acoustic performance of specific glass types:

• In accordance with American Standards ASTM E-90 & ASTM E 413, the T/L’s (in Decibels, dB) of incoming sound over the audible frequency
range of 100 – 5000Hz are mathematically integrated to produce a sound-reduction coefficient known as the Sound Transmission Class (STC).

• Sound Transmission Class (STC) is a single number rating system (based on the all the T/L’s from 100 – 5000 Hz) to categorize the
acoustic-attenuating properties of glass when used for interior applications such as partitions, ceilings and walls. Although not intended for use
in selecting glass for window applications, STC ratings are often specified as a means of comparison for such purpose. The higher the STC value,
the better the overall acoustic insulation properties of the glass.

• Alternatively, a European-based system similarly expresses the sound control performance of a specific glass with a weighted sound reduction
(T/L) rating , also measured in Decibels, and denoted as “Rw“

38
ACOUSTIC INSULATION – DEFINITIONS

Mass, Stiffness and Resonance

In common with any building material, the T/L – performance of glass is dependent on its mass, stiffness and damping characteristics. In a single
monolithic glass, the only effective way to improve its acoustic performance is to increase the thickness, because stiffness and damping cannot
be changed. Therefore, the T/L’s for a single monolithic glass, measured over 18 different audible frequencies between 100 and 5000 Hz, varies
only according to thickness.

Thicker glass tends to provide better sound reduction even although it may actually transmit more sound at some critical frequencies. As a
general rule, glass is more transparent to noise at lower frequencies (approx. 100 – 500 Hz) and more opaque to noise in the higher
frequency-range (500 – 5000 Hz). Where the performance of a thick monolithic glass is considered insufficient, it will be necessary to look for
improvements in resonance (damping) and stiffness which means that multiple plies of glass, laminated and / or double glazing, will have to be
used. And even with these enhanced make-ups, there will always be critical frequencies (fewer, of course) at which they begin to vibrate and
permit the transmission of sound.

By reviewing and evaluating the T/L’s of various tested products, one can attain optimum glass performance by selecting a product that
provides the highest T/L’s at the range of frequencies most critical to the location of the building and the type of environmental noise.

Commercial buildings use a wide variety of glass types to provide enhanced solar, acoustic and safety performance. Monolithic glass generally
gives the lowest acoustical performance levels. Laminated glass can give higher acoustical performance levels than monolithic glass due to the
sound-damping characteristics of the polyvinyl butyral (PVB) interlayer which, itself, can be further improved by the use of special
acoustic-grade PVB products. Insulating glass also has an excellent potential to provide excellent T/L – performance due the fact that,
in addition to the acoustical benefit of the air-space, the glass-combinations can be expanded to make use of different thicknesses of glass,
and laminated glass, so that all the benefits of Mass, Stiffness and Resonance can be obtained.

Coincidence Dip; relates to the dip, or loss, in insulating properties of the glass which occurs when the glass is vibrating at the same frequency
as the sound that is being transmitted.

ACOUSTIC PVB
SOUND STANDARD PVB
TRANSMISSION
LOSS
(T/L: dB)
CD

100 FREQUENCY (Hz) 5000

COMPARISON OF SOUND CONTROL

FOR STANDARD AND ACOUSTIC
GRADE PVB AT THE COINCIDENCE DIP

CD can be substantially reduced by using

a) thicker glass with greater mass and stiffness, b) laminated glass in which the viscoelastic PVB interlayer provides a damping effect,
c) Laminated glass with Acoustic Quality PVB which improves TL’s by up to 3 dB compared to normal PVB, d) double glazing with panes of
different thickness and e) double glazing with one, or both panes laminated. Furthermore, in all of these cases there will be a progressive
improvement in STC Values. However, overall acoustic performance is affected not only by the glass itself but also by the quality and
air-tightness of the glazing system; efficient sealing of open able windows is therefore essential in order to achieve optimum glass performance.

All of these solutions for improvement of acoustic insulation of glazed openings are available from Saudi American Glass Factory. Kindly
submit enquiries to SAG Technical Advisory Service Department for review.

39
 ACOUSTIC INSULATION – DEFINITIONS

The acoustic data shown below are the measurements of the sound-insulation performance of various specific glass types of Monolithic,
SIG Units and Laminated constructions in accordance with ASTM E-90-83 at Riverbank Acoustical laboratories, Illinois, USA.

SOUND TRANSMISSION LOSS (TL), dB From 100-5000 Hz

Frequency in HZ 100 125 160 200 250 315 400 500 530 800 1000 1250 1600 2000 2500 3150 4000 5000 STC
6mm
MONOLITHIC

RAL-TL85-169 23 25 25 24 26 26 29 31 33 34 34 35 34 30 37 32 37 41 31
12mm
RAL-TL85-198 26 30 26 30 33 33 34 36 37 35 32 32 36 40 43 46 50 51 36
Frequency in HZ 100 125 160 200 250 315 400 500 630 800 1000 1250 1600 2000 2500 3150 4000 5000 STC
3-16AS’ • 3mm
RAL-TL85-212 26 21 23 23 26 21 19 24 27 30 33 36 40 44 46 30 34 45 28
3-10AS’ • 5mm
RAL-TL85-213 26 23 23 20 23 19 23 27 29 32 35 39 44 47 48 41 36 43 31
6-12AS* • 6mm
RAL -TL85-298 29 22 26 18 25 25 31 32 34 36 39 40 39 35 36 46 52 56 35
6-Lam.-12AS’ - 4mm
INSULATING

RAL-TL85-189 27 27 26 24 22 28 32 35 38 38 39 40 42 43 41 45 52 57 37
6-Lam-12AS*-4mm
RAL-TL85-236 26 23 25 23 27 31 34 36 36 39 41 43 45 46 43 49 55 55 39
6-Lam-12AS*-6mm
RAL-TL85-235 28 20 29 24 26 30 34 36 39 42 43 44 44 41 40 47 52 56 39
10-Lam-12AS*-6mm
RAL-TL85-192 28 17 28 29 33 34 36 40 40 41 41 41 41 40 43 49 54 58 40
6-Lam-12AS*-6mm Lam
RAL-TL85-172 26 21 29 28 30 34 36 40 42 44 44 44 45 46 47 52 57 58 42
Frequency in HZ 100 125 160 200 250 315 400 500 630 800 1000 1250 1600 2000 2500 3150 4000 5000 STC
5-0.76-5mm
RAL-TL85-170 25 26 28 27 29 29 30 32 34 35 35 36 36 35 35 38 43 46 35
4-0.76-4mm
RAL-TL85-200 27 27 27 30 31 31 33 34 35 36 36 35 34 37 41 45 49 52 36
LAMINATED

4-1.52-6mm
RAL-TL85-228 26 29 28 30 33 33 35 36 37 38 38 37 38 41 44 47 51 54 39
10-0.76-6mm
RAL-TL85-222 29 30 28 32 34 35 36 38 38 38 36 38 42 46 49 52 55 57 40
12-1.52-6mm
RAL-TL85-230 29 30 27 32 35 35 37 38 38 38 37 41 44 48 50 52 56 56 41

The data and information shown above are based on samples tested and are not guaranteed for all samples or applications.
Riverbank Acoustical Laboratories, Inc.
*AS = air space (sealed)

40
ACOUSTIC INSULATION – DEFINITIONS

Examples of T/L Performance of Laminated Glass at Different Locations.

Glass Sample: 16.76mm (10 6.2) SAFE-T-LAM HPR in Single Glazing.

Location # 1 : Close to airport runway Location # 2 : Within 10m from busy street
Sound Pressure Level (SPL) = 90 dB Sound Pressure Level (SPL) = 72 dB

Frequency (Hz) T/L (dB) SPL minus T/L Environment SPL minus T/L Environment Remarks
(90 minus T/L) (72 minus T/L)
100 29 61 Average Street 43
125 30 60 42 Average Conversation
160 28 62 44
200 32 58 40
250 34 56 38
315 35 55 37
Average Office All data subject to
400 36 54 36
Standard Tolerance of
500 38 52 34 Private Office
plus/minus
630 38 52 34
1 Unit
800 38 52 34
1000 36 (CD) 54 (CD) 36
1250 38 52 34
1600 42 48 30
2000 46 44 Average Conversation 26
Quiet Conversation
2500 49 41 23
3150 52 38 20
4000 55 35 Private Office 17
Whisper
5000 57 33 15

STC / RW = 40 STC / RW = 40

CD = Coincidence-Dip (Coincidence Frequency)

41
DEFINITIONS OF PERFORMANCE
For Visible Light, Solar Transmittance and Thermal Insulation

PERFORMANCE CRITERIA STANDARDS

The performance characteristics of all glasstypes, including K-LITE High Performance and K-LITE Low-E glass, are measured according to a
complex and important set of criteria which can be rationalized into three main categories:

1. VISIBLE LIGHT
2. SOLAR ENERGY
3. THERMAL INSULATION

Definition of Terms
1. VISIBLE LIGHT TRANSMISSION (19% of the Solar Spectrum)

(LT) The Light Transmission (LT) and Reflectance (LR) values of a given glass type are of ratios of the quantity of light which is transmitted or
reflected compared to the total quantity of light which reaches the glass at an angle of 90˚.

The luminous sensation experienced in the brain, through the eye, is due solely to electromagnetic radiation at wavelengths between 380 and
780 nanometers within the solar spectrum (See diagram).

This luminous efficiency has been standardized by the International Lighting Committee using the D65 illuminant described in ISO DP 9050, on
which all standard measurements of light transmission through glass are based. The D65 illuminant has a spectral composition which
corresponds to natural daylight in the 380-780nm waveband.

1200

1100

1000

900

800
Intensity in W/sqm nm

UV VISIBLE INFRA-RED
700

600

500

400

300

200

100

400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 2200 2400
Wave-length in nm

THE SOLAR SPECTRUM

(LR) The Visible Light Reflectance of a glasstype occurs on the inner (IN) and outer (OUT) surfaces of the glass.
LR (in) : Is the percentage of visible light reflected away from the interior surface of the glass.

LR (out) : Is the percentage of visible light reflected by a given glass surface.

in accordance with standard criteria formulated in ISO 9050 : 1990.
The higher the LR (out) value (%), the stronger the “mirror appearance”
of the glass.

42
DEFINITIONS OF PERFORMANCE
For Visible Light, Solar Transmittance and Thermal Insulation

2. SOLAR ENERGY

Solar Energy is made up of many different wavelengths of energy within the solar spectrum and these can be grouped into three categories:

Ultraviolet light (UV) - 300 – 380 nm (4%)

Visible light (LT) - 380 – 780 nm (19%)
Infrared radiation (IR) - 780 – 2150 nm (63%)
Others - (various) 14%

Energy wavelengths from 300-2150nm in the solar spectrum, with the sun at 42˚ above the horizon, and a clear sky, are the standard ASHRAE
parameters for the calculation of energy transmission values for all glasstypes.

Note: Solar Altitude of 42˚ corresponds to Air Mass (AM) = 1.50

As the sun strikes a glass surface, the incident energy will be REFLECTED (ER), ABSORBED (EA) and TRANSMITTED (ET). The values for ER, EA and
ET are expressed as a % of total incident solar energy.

(ER) Direct Solar Energy Reflectance

The percentage of solar energy reflected away from the exterior surface of the glass.

(EA) Energy Absorption

The percentage of solar energy absorbed by the glass or the sheets forming the glass. ET
ER
(ET) Direct Solar Energy Transmittance EA
The percentage of solar energy (UV, Visible and near-IR) directly transmitted through the glass.
ER + EA + ET = 100%
(SGHC) Solar Heat Gain Coefficient
Is the Total Energy Transfer of solar energy, by direct transmission and re-radiation, with equal ambient temperature on both
sides of the glass, occurring at Solar Altitude = 42 degrees corresponding to Air-Mass = 1.50 as defined by ASHRAE / NFRC 200 –
300. 2001 .

The Total Energy Transfer of 3mm clear float glass, which is the thinnest commercial window glass, is 87% ( 0.87 ). Thus, the Solar Heat gain
Coefficient (SHGC) of 3mm clear glass is 87 (written as a whole number). All other glasstypes eg thicker, tinted, reflective, SIG etc will have lower
SHGC. The lower the SHGC the better the solar resistance of the product.

Note: SHGC has now superseded SC as the dominant parameter for assessment of glass-performance.

g-value (SGHC) (Solar Heat Gain Coefficient)

European Standard EN 410 American Standard
ASHRAE/NFRC 200/300

g/SHGC is denoted by (ET + C2) in the following diagram.

STANDARD g/SHGC
PARAMETERS
ER

Solar Intensity
750 W/m 2
C1

EQUAL
EQUAL AMBIENT TEMPERATURE
AMBIENT TEMPERATURE EA

42˚ C2
C1 EA he=8w/m2/˚C

he=23w/m2/˚C

ET
C2

43
DEFINITIONS OF PERFORMANCE
For Visible Light, Solar Transmittance and Thermal Insulation

(UV) Ultra Violet Light (4% of Solar Spectrum)

Up to 60% of the fading and deterioration of interior furnishing and fabrics is caused by UV radiation. K-LITE High Performance coatings
generally give less than 2% UV transmission and are thus highly effective in preventing damage from this source.

(SC) Shading Coefficient

Is the ratio of the quantity of solar heat entering a room through a specific glasstype compared to the quantity of heat which would
enter the room through a single 3mm thick clear glass under the same environmental conditions.

3mm clear glass is the thinnest commercial quality glass used in buildings and has a Total Energy Transfer (Solar Heat Gain Coefficient)
of 87% (0.87)

The Shading Coefficient of 3mm Clear glass is therefore denoted as 1.00, based on an SHGC of 87.

Although SC has, for many years, been a highly effective means of comparing the solar heat resistance of any glass type with another glass type,
it is now being superseded by Solar Heat Gain Coefficient which is the Actual percentage of heat being transmitted (not a ratio).

The Shading Coefficient (SC) is a highly effective means of comparing the solar heat resistance of any glass type with any other glass type.
The lower the (SC) number, the better the solar heat resistance of the glass, typically:

Uncoated clear double glazing SC = 0.87

Clear double glazing with K-LITE Low-E SC = 0.67
Clear double glazing with K-LITE Optima SC = 0.23 – 0.55
Clear double glazing with K-LITE High Perfomance Glass SC = 0.15 – 0.42

RHG Relative Heat Gain

RHG is a very useful means of comparing the total energy transmittance of all glass types, based on a set of standard conditions formulated
by ASHRAE, namely:

SOLAR INTENSITY 230Btu/Hr/Sqft

OUTDOOR/INDOOR
TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE 14˚F

SUMMER U-VALUE Btu/Hr/Sqft/Deg F from the

data sheet

g/SHGC

RHG = (SHGC x 230) + (Summer-U X 14) Expressed as Btu/Hr/Sqft

To obtain metric RHG, multiply by 3.154

The RHG takes account of all the mechanisms of heat transfer under daytime conditions, in full sun, and is an excellent reference criteria for the
comparison of all glass types, where air-conditioning is being used.

44
DEFINITIONS OF PERFORMANCE
For Visible Light, Solar Transmittance and Thermal Insulation

3. THERMAL INSULATION

U-VALUES

The thermal resistance of a glass, denoted by the U-value, indicates the quantity of heat passing through the glass by means of conduction,
convection (in an air space) and radiation, due to difference in temperature between the indoor and outdoor air.

North America

North American practice, as formulated by ASHRAE (American Society for Heating Refrigerating and Air-conditioning Engineers) is to recognize
the difference in the thermal conductivity of glass under hot summer conditions in daytime, and cold winter conditions at night time (the two
climatic extremes), that is to say when the building is air conditioned or heated.

ASHRAE U – values are calculated according to the following environment conditions, published in the ‘Fundamentals Handbook 1989’ as
follows:

ENVIRONMENTAL ASHRAE STANDARD (NFRC 100)

CONDITIONS SUMMER DAYTIME “U” WINTER NIGHTTIME “U”
OUTDOOR ˚F 89 0
TEMPERATURE ˚C 32 -18
INDOOR ˚F 75 70
TEMPERATURE ˚C 24 21
WIND mph 7.5 15
VELOCITY kph 12 24
SOLAR Btu/Hr/ft2 248 NO SUN
INTENSITY W/m2 788

U-values denoted by ASHRAE are expressed as Btu/Hr/Sqft/°F (Eng) or (metric).

To convert Eng to metric, multiply by 5.678.

EUROPEAN U-value (previously K)

The European U-value is expressed as W/m²/K and is based on ISO-DP 10292 draft standard conditions, confirmed in European Standard
EN 673, with a wind speed of 4.4m/sec at 0°C and an indoor temperature of 20°C.

The European U-value corresponds to the American ASHRAE winter U-value, that is to say, there is no allowance for solar intensity. Any attempt
to use the European U-value of a particular glass type to calculate the size of an air conditioning system may result in a shortfall in the installed
capacity.

All U-values shown in the data pages are based on center-of-glass calculations. The use of thermal-break aluminum profiles, PVC or timber
frames will result in optimum overall thermal performance of the glass, whereas non-thermal break metal frames will give the least favourable
performance due to conductivity of the glass edges.

45
DUAL - SEAL
INSULATED DRILLING AND
GLASS LINE EDGE - WORKING

GLASS CUTTING

LAMINATING WITH
44

PVB INTERLAYERS
PERFORMANCE TESTING
AND QA/QC PROCEDURES

Performance Testing
Saudi American Glass Company have submitted their full K-LITE range to the Oxford Brookes University in the UK for physical performance
testing and analysis according to European Standard EN 673 (Thermal Insulation Properties) and EN410 (Spectrophotometric Properties).

Furthermore, SAG has full access to the Spectrophotometers at Emirates Glass LLC in Dubai, with software installed and commissioned by the
renowned TNO Institute of Applied Physics in the Netherlands (Recently Re-Established as OMT Solutions).

Emirates Glass is now able to produce full Performance Data Analysis Reports with a comprehensive data-review based on European
(EN 410/673) and American (NFRC 100, 200, 300/301/302) standards, as well as ISO 9001:200 and including the same Air Mass boundary
conditions for (g) and SHGC values.

Quality Assurance & Quality Control

To ensure full compliance with adopted standards, and to maintain accreditation to ISO 9001, 2008. SAG has a well-established QA/QC organisation
with extensive supervision and education on the factory floor.

As a strong testimonial to the technical excellence of SAG, the company can point to innumerable projects throughout Saudi Arabia where IG
units are still in perfect condition after 30 years of service, and K-LITE coated glass still fresh and bright after 17 years. This record is unmatched
by any other company in the region.

Incoming raw materials and consumable items, as well as any glass processed by 3rd parties, are subjected to detailed checking procedures
using, when necessary, appropriate instrumentation to ensure “Fitness-for-purpose” of all K-LITE glass products within the parameters set by
major international standards. These processes are also implemented at every stage of production through to finished goods prior to dispatch.

QA/QC personnel are available at any time to deal with any quality issues that may arise at customers’ premises, or on site, following delivery
or installation of K-Lite glass.

47
QA/QC Standards & Conformances

SAG have established their superb reputation for quality at every level on relevant British/European Standards for the Flat Glass Industry. From
this very large range of standards, covering the manufacture and use of glass in buildings, the principal items are shown in the following table:

EN 356 : 2000 Glass in building. Security glazing. Testing and classification of resistance against manual attack.
EN 410 : 1998 Glass in building. Determination of luminous and solar characteristic of glazing.
EN 572 : 2004 Glass in building. Basic soda-lime silicate glass products.
Part1 Definitions and general physical and mechanical properties.
Part2 Float Glass.
Part3 Supplied and final cut sizes.
Part9 Evaluation of conformity/product standard.
EN 673 : 1997 Thermal performance of windows & doors.
EN 1063 : 2000 Glass in building: Security glazing. Testing and classification of resistance to bullet attack.
EN 1096 – 1 Glass in building. Coated glass.
Part1 Definitions and classifications.
Part2 --- A,B & S coatings.
Part3 --- C&D coatings.
Part4 Evaluation of conformity.
EN 1279 Glass in Buildings. Insulated glass units.
Part1 2004 : Generalities, Dimensional tolerances and rules for the system description.
Part2 2005 : Long-term test method and requirements for moisture penetration.
Part3 2005 : Long-term test method and requirements for gas leakage rate and for gas concentration tolerances.
Part4 2002 : Methods of test for physical attributes of edge seals.
Part5 2005 : Evaluation of conformity.
Part6 2002 : Factory production control and periodic tests.
EN 1863 Glass in building. Heat strengthened soda lime silicate glass.
Part1 Definition and description.
Part2 Evaluation of conformity / product standard.
EN 12150 -1 Glass in building. Thermally tempered soda lime silicate safety glass.
Part1 Definition and description.
Part2 Evaluation of conformity / product standard.
EN ISO 12543 – 1 Glass in building. Laminated glass.
Part1 Definition and description of component parts.
Part2 Laminated safety glass.
Part3 Laminated glass.
Part4 Test methods for durability.
Part5 Dimensions and edge finishing.
Part6 Appearance.
EN 12600 Glass in building. Pendulum test. Impact test method and classification for flat safety glass.
EN 14179 Glass in building. Heat soaked thermally tempered soda lime silicate safety glass.
Part1 Definition and description.
Part2 Evaluation of conformity / product standard.
EN 14449 Glass in building. Laminated glass and laminated safety glass. Evaluation of conformity / product standard.

Our Mission
From raw primary float glass through all the manufacturing processes of cutting, edge-working, heat-treatment (FT/HS), sputter coating, double
glazing and laminating, SAG’s entire QA/QC efforts on behalf of its customers is aligned to these well-developed and trusted standards which
set the highest benchmarks for quality in the architectural flat glass industry and ensure that glass-constructions and installations are sound,
energy-efficient and, as far as possible, environmentally sustainable in manufacture and use.

Product Warranties
SAG Provide standard product warranties in respect of:
• SAFE – T – LAM Laminated Glass : 5 years • K-LITE Sputter Coated Glass : 10 years • Dual-Sealed Insulated Glass Units : 10 years
Copies of the above are available from SAG upon request.
48
PRODUCTION:
MANUFACTURING LIMITATIONS

INSULATED UNITS

All dual-seal insulated glass units are produced with mill finish aluminum or black painted bendable spacer tubes. Other finishes must be specified.
Stepped units can be produced with 1 to 4 sides stepped.

Standard sealants in use are:

Encapsulated glazing : 2-part polyurethane
Structural glazing : 2-part Structural IG Silicone

All primary sealant is composed of Polyisobutylene (P.I.B)

Maximum manufacturing limitation

2400 x 3660 mm (subject to substrate availability) 2400 x 5000 mm (submit enquiries for review)

HEAT TREATMENT

All glass-types are available in Heat-Strengthened (type’HS’) and Fully Tempered (type ‘FT’) condition. HS and FT processing is done in
accordance with American Standards ASTM C – 1048 – 04, EN1863 and EN 12150-1.

Manufacturing limitations of heat treated glass (subject to substrate availability)

Dimensional (mm) 2400 x 6000 (Max) 300 x 300 (Min)
Thickness (mm) HS 4 6 8 10
FT 6 8 10 12 15

SAFE-T-LAM LAMINATED GLASS

Manufacturing limitations
Make - up (T) mm MAX mm MIN mm
3+3 and 4+4 2400 x 3660 300 x 300
6+6, 8+8, 10+10, 12+12 2400 x 4300 300 x 300
SAFE-T-LAM Laminated Glass is produced in accordance with European standards EN ISO 12543-1 and EN 14449.

K-LITE SPUTTER COATED HIGH PERFORMANCE GLASS

SAG produces magnetic-sputtered coatings in accordance with American Standard ASTM C1376 – 10, EN 1096-1.
Manufacturing limitations of K-LITE range of sputter-coated glass.
Condition
Product ANN HS/FT
Min Max Min Max

K-Lite 742/743 300 x 300 2440 x 3660 400 x 700 2400 x 5000
K-Lite Optima 300 x 300 2440 x 3660 400 x 700 2400 x 5000
K-Lite HP 300 x 300 3000 x 6000 400 x 700 2400 x 5000

The above information relates only to manufacturing limitations. The actual “Safe Glazing Size” will depend on design wind-load, dead-load,
slope of glazing, whether single or double glazed etc. For confirmation of “Safe Glazing Size” and Center-Of-Glass-Deflection (COGD)
please contact SAG Technical Department.

EDGE DELETION

K-Lite KE742/3 and K-LITE Optima coatings require edge-deletion to provide an un-coated glass surface where primary and secondary IGU
sealants are in contact with the glass. As result, in all structural silicone, or butt-joined, applications, the IGU sealants will be visible from the
exterior. K-LITE HP coatings do not require edge-deletion.

EDGE-WORKS

In order to avoid external edge reflection in structural silicone curtainwall applications, SAG recommends flat ground (FG) edges for all
heat-treated-K-LITE HP high performance glass. This must be specified on the order, drawings and cutting lists. In the absence of this information,
all heat treated glass will be documented and processed with standard arrissed edges.
49
 For more information please contact:
Saudi American Glass: Telephone no. +966 1 265 1212 | Fax no. +966 1 265 1738 | PO Box: 8418 Riyadh: 11482 KSA
Scanned by CamScanner
WHITE TCG-71112E/WH

WHITE INK FOR DIGITAL PRINTING TECHNOLOGY

PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

Chemical nature: Scattering colorants in a mixture of solvents and

organic polymers.

State: Liquid white.

Density (22 ° C): 1.35 g / cc

Solubility: Insoluble

Composition: Frit (zinc, quartz and silica) inorganic pigments

(iron oxide, cobalt, and TiO2) and the medium.

Substrate: Glass float, glass coating (*)

(*) Compatibility with glass coating should be tested before production.

APPLICATION
Solvent washing: TCG-11537M "Glass / Ceramic Flush Solution.
Cleaning solution. "

Wet film thickness: 10-80 μ

Drying: 100 ° C IR + - 20 ° C in combination with hot air at

110 ° C, 120/130 seconds.

Annealing conditions: oven temperature 650-720 ° C, the time spent is

dependent on the thickness of the glass (40/50 sec /
mm of thickness of the glass.).

Humidity: Humidity Room print: must be between 40% and

75% relative humidity.

Temperature: The temperature of the print room: must be

between 18 º C and 22 º C.
WHITE TCG-71112E/WH

(**) TCG-71112E/WH WHITE Ink was specially developed for decorating glass
with digital printing.
The special formulation of this ink can work seamlessly with this type of printing,
remaining stable even at low viscosities required for technology.

Important notes:
- The application of inkjet inks for glass decoration is not recommended when the
painted side of the glass goes directly to the outside (installation side 1) or any other
face in contact with external agents.
- The ink is developed for tempering process. We do not recommend any other
thermal processing.
- It is recommended to shake the container energetically before flushing ink in the
machine.

PROPERTIES AFTER TEMPERATE PROCESS:

Surface appearance: Tinted gloss

Coefficient of thermal expansion: 85-100 10-7 K-1

Mechanical strength: > 16N (scratch resistance)

PACKAGING
Jerrycan of high density polyethylene (1Kg/3Kg).

STORAGE AND SHELF LIFE

Recommended to avoid direct exposure to sunlight and high temperatures.
Storage temperature between 15 º C and 30 º C
The storage of this product outside of the recommended conditions may cause
irreversible damage.
Shelf life: 6 months after date of production indicated in the label.

The contents of this technical information is for informational purposes only. Tecglass SL. is not responsible for any damage
caused by improper use of this product. Tecglass SL guarantees that this product has successfully passed all the rigorous internal
quality controls. Please contact Tecglass SL. directly for any questions. Tecglass SL reserves the right to modify the characteristics
of this product in order to improve the reliability of the technology.
 山东金晶科技股份有限公司
SHANDONG JINJING SCIENCE&TECHNOLOGY STOCK CO., LTD
ULTRA CLEAR FLOAT GLASS

Product Technical Parameters

1） Optical Parameters

’Jinjing’ Ultra Clear Glass Parameters

Visible U Sound UV
Light Visible Solar Radiant Heat Shading Coefficient value Insulation Pene
Trans Light Direct t
mittan Reflec Penetr Refle Absor penetr Short Long 总体 （W/ Rm(d Rw(d ratio
ce tivity ate ct b ate wave Wave Total m2K) B) B) n
％ ％ ％ ％ ％ % ％
2mm 91.70 8 91 8 1 91 1.08 0.01 1.05 5.8 25 29 78
3mm 91.6 8 90 8 1 91 1.05 0.01 1.05 5.8 26 30 76
3.2m 91.6 8 90 8 2 91 1.03 0.01 1.05 5.8 26 30 75
4mm 91.40 8 90 8 2 91 1.03 0.01 1.05 5.8 27 30 73
5mm 91.3 8 90 8 2 90 1.03 0.01 1.03 5.8 29 32 71
6mm 91.10 8 89 8 3 90 1.02 0.01 1.03 5.7 29 32 70
8mm 91.00 8 88 8 4 89 1.01 0.01 1.02 5.7 31 34 68
10mm 90.60 8 88 8 4 89 1.01 0.02 1.02 5.6 33 36 66
12mm 90.40 8 87 8 5 88 1.00 0.02 1.01 5.5 34 37 64
15mm 90.10 8 86 8 6 87 0.99 0.02 1.00 5.5 35 38 61
19mm 89.73 8 84 8 7 86 0.97 0.02 0.99 5.5 37 40 59
22mm 89.60 8 82 8 9 85 0.95 0.02 0.97 5.5 38 43 58
25mm 89 8 81 8 9 84 0.93 0.02 0.96 5.5 39 45 56

：Mechanical Parameters
2）
Elasticity Modulus 73.1Gpa
Rupture Modulus (Tensile Strength
41.4 Mpa
–ultimate)
Knoop hardness 456kgf/mm2

地址：山东省淄博市高新技术开发区宝石镇
邮编：255086
Add ： Baoshi Town,High & New Technology Development Zone, Zibo City, Shandong, China
Zip ：255086
电话 Tel：86-533-3584605/9 传真 Fax：86-533-3583228 电子邮箱 E-mail：sggguokui@aliyun.com
 山东金晶科技股份有限公司
SHANDONG JINJING SCIENCE&TECHNOLOGY STOCK CO., LTD
3）Physical Parameters
Density 2.5076 g/cm3
Linear Coefficient of Expansion
20-300°C 9.28×10-6/°C
20-450°C 9.75×10-6/°C
Transformation Temperature 556°C
Intenerate Temperature or Yield Point 606°C
Softening Point 710°C
Annealing Point 547°C
Strain Point 513°C
High Temperature Viscosity log 2 1392°C
log 3 1152°C
log 4 996°C
Liquid Phase Temperature 1008°C
Chemical Characteristics

CaO MgO Al2O3

Fe2O3 SiO2 Na2O K2O SO2
% % % FeO% Redox
% % % % %

0.0130 73.20 15.10 11.25 0.06 0.15 0.04 0.17 0.0065 0.45

thickness
3.2 4 5 6 8 10 12 15

Inspection items
%
0.018 0.018 0.020 0.021 0.022 0.023 0.030 0.035
Bottom Iron
cps
Bottom Tin 11.8 20.7 27.4 34.0 50.8 62.9 77.8 94.8
Absorption

地址：山东省淄博市高新技术开发区宝石镇
邮编：255086
Add ： Baoshi Town,High & New Technology Development Zone, Zibo City, Shandong, China
Zip ：255086
电话 Tel：86-533-3584605/9 传真 Fax：86-533-3583228 电子邮箱 E-mail：sggguokui@aliyun.com