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This document covers the concepts of definite and indefinite integrals, including the fundamental theorem of integral calculus and techniques for evaluating definite integrals. It explains how to define and apply the definite integral, the properties of definite integrals, and provides examples for evaluation. Additionally, it mentions further reading materials for pure mathematics.
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Save Lecture 7 Notes For Later + 2x? -10x~9
o, eee?
Fy
10. je ax
@sD
Hint: a° + b> = (a +b) (a —ab+b’)
(x43)
i. f dx
8
a) -b'=(a-b) (a +ab +b’)
Summary
‘You have learnt the following from this chapter:
i). Splitting a fraction into partial fractions.
Ty I:
ve Ga @
Type m; ——@t A
9p = ax—De—B) xa xb (RP
Type a+b A, Br+
(x-a\(pre +gxtr) xa (px tgx+r)
Type IV: For improper algebraic fraction, we must divide and consider only the
remainder for partial fraction.
ii), After partial fractions, integrand is transformed into the form of basic
formula which can be integrated.
Further Reading
1 Additional pure mathematics
By L, Harwood Clarke.
Heinemann Educational Books Ltd London.
62
Downloaded by Course Miner (nlyincome344@gmailcom) CHAPTER 7
Definite Integral and the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus
7.1 Introduction
‘You have learnt the integral of functions using seven techniques. In this chapter we
shall learn the value of the integral between two limits for the variable. Such an
integral is called a Definite Integral. ‘The definite integral is evaluated using the
fundamental theorem of the integral calculus namely [f(x)dx = G(b)-G(a) where
ffeoar= G0)
7.2. Objectives of the Chapter
By the end of this chapter you should be able to
© define the definite integral
‘© state the fundamental Theorem of the Integral caleulus
‘© apply this theorem to evaluate the definite Integrals.
7.3. Definite Integral
Suppose that f(x) is integrable in an interval [a Sx b] Draw the curve y = f(x)
Figure 1
Divide the interval ab into n equal parts at a(=ag), a1, 2 «+... 49 = 1
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The width of each interval h="—* consider a point & , in the interval
7
4,,5xSa,
The integral [f(x)dr = lim)” /(E) his defined as the definite integral of (8) in
the interval [a < x ae =
diesine “SG
(For definite integral we need not put the constant of integration)
= [In(1 + sin x)]2
= {in(+1)}- {int}
67
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Downloaded by Course Miner (nlyincome344@amailcom) = (In2)-(0)
=In2
Example 4
ax
Evaluate [eae
a
Solution
eae]
Example 5
2
Evaluate [sin xd
é
Solution
Using integration by parts
2, no
Josin xde = xcos x]? + feos xde
a a
= [-xcos x+sin x]?
=(0+1)-0+0)
=1
Example 6
Evaluate Jsin 8x sin 3xde
3
68
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Jsin 82 sin 32d = -
a
‘This documents valle on
—2sin 8xsin 3xdx
(cos 11x — cos 5x)de
),-
1 sin Sx
at
sin 11x
11
J
69
© studocu
Downloaded by Course Miner (nlyincome344@amailcom) Exercise 7
Evaluate the following
tx? 43x48
1
3 x
2, flr+3yx-2)ae
3. f(x’ +22? ae
4, [(@x+3) de
5. feos 7xdx
6. ftan(2x +3)dx
“cos x + 4x + 3x7
xe 2x?t
9 fetttae
3
4 de
10 Tox 43
i, [cos?3xdx
°
sin? Sxdx
sin * xd
1+ sin x
z
5 cos? x
xe dx
dx
G@=pa-2""
dx
(e+e? +1)
ae
G-)'@-2
x? 48x415
(x+3)
x? sin 2xdx
70
Downloaded by Course Miner (nlyincome344@gmailcom) Summary
‘You have learnt the following from this chapter:
a). The fundamental Theorem of the Integral calculus
it [fd = G(x) then
5
Jf@)de = G(b)- Ga)
5
b). ff (x)ae can be defined as the area enclosed by the four boundaries y
the x- axis and the ordinates x = a and x = b.
Further Reading
i). Additional Pure mathematics
Harwood Clarke
Heinemann Educational Books Ltd
London
1
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