d - and f-b lo ck elements

d-block elements (Transiton elements)

eJectron enters
4bese elements the ditferenttatng
In
and as
sueh
main shel)
orbi tals
Ch-d d-blolk elements:
are
Called
these
d-block elements
senes
d the
three
mainy
There are
to cd)
yd-series
to
3d-Series (Se
(La t Hg) incoplete.
and
Sd-series
Acininn CAc) is
begins with
6d-series
Note:
d-subshel
lements filled
Trnsi ton
e
Contain
complety
elements ComOn oxidaticy
he in theiY
atmic s tate
+heir
either elements
TrusSitton
Caled
are
stes
hare ful)
roup-)2
cd, Hg as weJlas
in their
Note :
in ther atomc state
Confgusation
are
not regarded
and hence,
oytdation stoes
Common
 transition me tals.
as
2
4s
Zn30,
+2 45°
2n
sdl°6s
4dl ss2 Hg
Similay, cd 2+

C *2
but
d-blojc elements
elements
transiton tansition elements.
AJI
not
are
d-block elements
all

peidcie table : and

in the lasge section between
Positon
d-block occupies +he

The perodic table

LlocKs in the

Electronic Confguaton:
Confrqutation these
lectrontc
+he e
In geneal, |-2

Cn)d ns
penultiunate shell,
e lements
the
stands for d-orsitals.
Cn-)
whee, Contai ning

2d- Series
CAr] 3d'4s
Sc = 1,
[AJ 3d 4s
T= 22
 W
|Ar] 3d3 4s2 3
V=23,
3d4 4s2
[Ar) 3d54s' but ot

Mn 25
CA 3d6 4s2
R= 26,
CADsd 4s}
Co = 2 ,
C 3d9 452
Ni =28, not 3d? 4s2
3al° 4s, but
CAD
Cu = 24,

due to
CuSubshel|s.Discussed iy
obsevecl in
Trreguatity Atonstruct
)ed
Note: and full - f
hat-fled
stabilitg
obSetved in
ireguarites
(4dlo
Si milasy, Ag
Note: Pd (4dss),
Mo 4 ss)
Sd-Series.
6s)
Aulsdi°
and

3d-Series elements:

Fe Co Cu Zn
Mn
(30)
Sc C24)

4-d-series elements:
Mo
Ru
CRutheniwn) (Rhdim
Techne tium)
iobiu (molybdemu
Htrium) (zirconiu) Ag
cd
(Cadmiuo)
pd
(Paliadiunm) (s:lver
 Sd-Series elements: 4
W Re
La
Hafniun) (Tantalun) Tungsten) CRhenim)
(Lanthanwm) (

(ridium) (God) Cmerc).

(osmiiu)

Grouf 10 1) 12

3 Ni Cu
Mn Co

3d-Seies cd
Mo Te Ru
Nb
4d- series Ir pt Au Hg
Re Os
W
La
sd-seits

G -Series Ac
(Actiniun
:(Tiransitonelemets)
lements
the d-block
e
Hes d
General pro per
transitta
elenents a e metals.
characder : A) the
Metallic display typica
elements
transtton
all the
high ensile strength
Nely Such as
pro peies
metalltc an d electrical
hightherma
malleability.
ductility lustre.
metalllc
and 2n, cd, Hg, Mn,
conduct:vity wjth +he
acked stctàes
typt ca) c lose
more
hause
they tempetes.
at
normal
 close packing stnuctes he, Lo
5
The
centreod Cubic.
Fcc Face dis cussed
will be
hexagonal c lose pacIing Solid State.
hep in
body Centred Cubic.
b-cc

points :
and boiling
Melting elements
transtio
points of
The meltihg and boiling and p-Blork
with
Ceroparson
hig h
are usually mel
above
Transiton
elements typically
elements. elements)
elements transiton
M-P:
1000 C "
the
metallic bond
strength o
depend pon he d-electng
the wn paired
uwjt the
avai labi lrty
tiGn.
de lo calza
increases

to paticrpate
+he banding
highest Mp.
has
3d-seies highes Mp.
has
highest M-p. M-Pc tungsten
4d- s eries Mo

11
=34ióc
has
Sd- series W Cr
|W> Mo >
In Among these three,
points
melthg 4 boiling
have
relotvey louw
cd, tty
Zn, e lectronS.
all
to paing ct to thOSe
due re similas
boiling points
the
Periodic trnds
 and ioniC radii :
6
Atomic
3)
decrease in
atom ic radius and
There is a qradual
from left to righ t because,
ionic radius moving
pla ced + he nucleus
posttve chasges
additionl
are added tu +he
electrons
coespondngy
and in the
d-orbital s
As the ekctrons
Ch-) d orsitals.
+hemselves from
ns - electrns and also
shild +he nuclea
effectve
tncompletey
hucleas charge
the Ce tractien
and hence
ihCreases
then
felt by
chage

Si2e
fer the elements from
radii
The atomic

anothe9 becau se
close to ne

Cu
are very
Cr to 3d- level eerciSe
electror to
additton d
simltanous Outer 4s -ekctrns
Serening the
everse effect by
the +he huckus As a esutt
i wancl
pull d
the
from atemic adit do no
oPposing effeots +he
these tuo
G to Cu
moviny from
alter mech
 Gaph:

atomic

Radius T sd-series.

3d-series
udsees
-
Sc Mn Fe Co Ni Cu tn. /3d-Seies)
Nh Mo Ru Ag cd C4d-Series)
Y
Hf Ta W
3 Re Os Pt Au Hg. (sd-series.
La

+hrrd transiton Series :

SeCond and
Simi laity oo
& Sd-Series)
ie; ( 4d
elements,
transithon
colwmns Second member
Ih ver ca
ember to
frem first
memn ber,
{ncrease in
Si2e
member to therd
but from Secend Sometmes
expectedy Si2e
due to lathanide
Small change
as

this iS
there
are
Sanne
Si2es

Contraction
 The pars d ements Such as ZrHf,

almos t he sane
Nb-Tà, e te; POSSesS
MoW,

pvo peaties. 3+
2+ M
an d
M
The ionic radii.
atomc
+heir
trends as
+he Sane
follow M toansiton metal)

are low
Density: elemen+s
tansition
(4 +he 2
lnes
The atomic vo GioupS 1 and
nnerghbowting
elements
Compased witth ae hgh.
me tals
trnston
oensities d the
+he
hrghest densites
with the
elements
The 3-cm3 and tridium T :
2 2 - 5+
Osmiung 0s) :
are

22-6| g-Cm

engies :
Ionizatiorn toansitton elements
jonrsation potentialy
The ffrst
S and p-b lock
those
the values
|ie between

elements.
 Thee is iregulay trend! in the -frst tonisatton

the 3d metels.
enthalpy
has highest 15t ioniSation enthalpY
3d-seies
In
hig hest fer
engy is
jonisatton
hig hest for
3rd jonisatio ergy

Oxtdation states :
utde rang e ef ox tdatio
echib t
elemen ts
Trnsiiors

Stotes

3d-seies :
Cu
Mn Fe Co
Ti +1

+2 +2 ++2 +2
+2 +2
+2
+2 +3
+2 +3 +3
+3
+3
+3
+3
+5
45
+5 ++6
+6
+6

from + to t6.
Otdaon states
all4he t4.
Cr esehibits oxidaton States frm +2 to
all thne
eehibits

mai mum oxidaton state

ha a
Ru and Os
CRuthenium) (os nium)
 equal to +8 which is +he hghest Oxidaton lo

e lement.
State shouns by ay
+8
+8
Os Oy
ttan
Cad).
more sttl

Note ,
more statle han
(sd).
Mn(3d5)
+2

mini m oxrdaton
shows
Note : C Cuy Ag, A ,Hg
+1.
state
Covalent compounds;
ionic Com pouunds and
Fomaton
Compounds ( tonic
fern ionic
elene ts
Transitios
oidatn states .
in the
lower
bonds) ionic
chaackr
oyidaticn State,
(n Creast ng increaSes.
chaacter
Covalent
decreases Fajan's ulk.
(1:
+hein oxrdes bastc
o yetdation Stat
I h lower acrdrc
+heir oxtdes are
hiq hes oxtdation State,
Shee as
basic .
MnO anphotec.
MnO ( Mn = +4) acdic.
CTo be contihued-----).
 Trends +he standasd electrode

potenialss E}values :

the lectro Posiive

Electole portentia

character.

for +he
stondood eccton potentials

(volts Element E Cvolts)

Element
-0-4 4
-)-63 Fe
-)-18
V Co
-04D Ni
C
-1.19 +03
Mn
Cu
-0.76.

has posiive E value.

(u
depend upen the
vales
Electrode potential
Note: metal
Subli mnaticn erey
TE, +FE.
ToniSahon enegy (a H;)
tydratn eherg

poterials E valus)
standad electroe
Note
£lectro chemisty.
dis cuss ec
will le
 Foomathon o Colouud ior53 12

appear colousecl when they absor b ligtt

Suhs tanes
particular waeleng+h in +he visikle region co
d-a
Spectrum ard thrans mit
+he
colo o the
hich we See the
the colo s
co loun o
transmitted wawelengths comple mentay

Coloui
absorbed by the Compound
the
Complementay
Colous absorsed
length ahs rsed (nm coloui (colow
wave o bserve)
Yellow -eey
violet
400-435 Yellow
blue

iiii:
435- 480 oTange
reun-blue

440
red
b luereen
purpk
440 9reen
560 Violet
yellou-ree

yellow slue/rdigo
reen blue
S0595
ornge
S95 605 blue-green
Red

605
 Sone +he trans(tom meta 13
Colous
Caquated) +3
+3 violet Co
Cr
+3 -’ colous less
Sc +3 violet Pink
Co
T;t 4 ->Colout less
N;2t

’ puple
Pinl< blue
bJue Mn Cu

3 + yellow
zn colourless
3reen
violet

Configratcns are

with d,
metal ions
Note:
colou less.

Complex formoion :
the metal
which
ahe hose
Compounds
Compex neutral mole ate s givin
aunins Co
bind
Spe cies. 2+
Compex 4
[cuCwa. Cptcl
etc
[e
nwmbey o cormplex
transitfon
metals fer a

The Smaller
due to +ha compatatvey
cempounds, vacan d-ortital s.
and auvaihbi lit
the metal

ppeatY:
Catadytic
( metals ond +heir Compond s ase
Khown to

Transitton
 Catalysts due to vaiah le oidatton |4
act as g ood

5 tates.

Contact proass

Habers proess
Fe
Catay tc
hydgeation.

las-Natta Catayst.
z ieg
Ticl4
decempoSitcn

entons reagent

wacker pro@ss
pdcle
DeaCon pro@ss
Cucls
Compouunds :
interstéial

(12)
Fermatn
shich are fermed
are those
Copounds trapped
Irterstéhal N ahe
H, c (od
atons
S mal|
lattices d metals. They usally
shen
Cystal
the
i riside
non- Stoichmetn'c.
ete
VH

eg hig b meltthg points,

hawe
Interstial Coro pounds etain
metallic
hard, +hey
They ibert
ahe c he mically
Conductvity, +hy
 fesm aion :

As 4he
transiton elemen+s hawe Siilas atoniC 5i2es,

latti ce me tol Can be ready

hence in +he ystal
Solid Solutin and

replaed by anothe
meta) qiving
are hard an
alloys So fermed
Smooth alloys the
point
have hgh meitng
oten

(Cu + n)
Brass
Cut Sn).
Bronze C
properties :
Magnetc appIred
repelled by the
Substances are
electons
Dia mag retc all paured
which
Cotains
magnetic attracted ky
ase weak y
Substanes
pasa magreic at least one
Con tains
which
magnetc fied,
he
attsacted by
unpaired strongy
Substan es are

ero maghetic

magnetic field.
+he
R, Co, Ni,
in terns o mag nettc
is expreSed
Paa-mag et'swn numbe o
Note: related to the
wshich is
monent

unpalsed ekctrons.
 B. M. 16

nmber d paised ekctns.

hene,
unrt f mag netic
Aohr magnetun.
B. M m noment.
+2. 45gd!
Sc
445 2d
. n=)
SC 732 B.M.

+2 R=26:

Cun pad es)

=4.q BM

4C42) y 24 valence shell

remved frst foom
Can be
Electrn

and Mer CuY

Cad mium
2in C, as well as 4+2
+1
euhibits
Ha
zn,cd,
Unike
Brdaton State. 2+ and not
Cpara)
Mercwous ion, H3,
CAia)
2.+

and
 solids, hee as, Hg Jrquid.
2n, cd
ferm hydsode, pGoxide,
t does not
2n, Cd do So.
while
ate
uShile 2ncl2) cd d
covalent,
Hg cl
elements
impertant
Conpounds
Some
dichromate
PotasSn

preparahon;
chrooite
Rrm i-e
chrmite ore
cun be preparec from

Canbonate
Stepi):
chromnitt oe with Na/k
the fustan So diun chrmate.
By to 9 ive
fre co
in
Na,Cr t 2 Ryo, + 8
8
(yello solutien)
Hves
Sodiu chromte
acidiftCatton o
Stepi) Sodiun dichromate.
HO
+ NasS2

to 9ive
heacts with
Step i): 2. Nad.
+

Na, CsG (Potassiwm dichemate)

 Zn, cd ’ Solids, where as, thy ’ Liqud
does no t fern hydoxde, pero xide,
Peroxide,

while
cd do So

Covalent, ushile 2nclg, c d , are

jonic.

P.P.c
Compounds
Prepaaton and Properti<s c

d-blocK elements :

(potass'um dichamae)
kaco(Pot
KMnly (Patassium permanganate)

Corpowds d Iron.
(T)

(I) Cnpounds ct Copper

5 D
Cu Sou

2-) Cuo
Cuc2 H, o
3)
Zinc
Compouads d
2n0

2n54
Conpounds o Ag

2) As,o
 Potassium dichrom ate,
(Karn):
Preparation

From
choite e;

prepared frem chroni te

Can be

Cus b omate
chonit ore
the usin c
to gi ve Sodiw chronocte.
access
air
free
+ 2 Fe,03
(rellous
Solutia)

So diun chromate H,Sos

acielif Catien c
stepGi: sociumn dichtmate.
qives

+ NasSoy t H, o
Na,ro4

uith tu qive
Step (im): 9uacts
Na,c

2 Nacl
+
Na, c
(Potassiwm
cichromate)
 Cystals Cnystall'se out.
orange
more
Solubk than
Note:
ate
and dichoates
No te: chromates
în aqueous
solut cn dependng
inter Convert6le

o the Soltn.
2Ht
2

dicomate ions :
chemate
stctue ot
-CY
126°
163
Pn

ties d
chemfal prrper
oidising popeaties : agents.
ase strng oxidising
k dichvomates
and standad
Na
used as a
primay

redaces +3
anaysis.
soltfon, it
acdt
|n +3

2
 oidises to sulphides to sulphu
It
Shty
+2 and
to
234

2c3t
3 H,S 3H +
+
2 7 3 t+ s+
2t 3 Sn
+ 3 Sn
+ Ho

Potassiwm pemangarate
(T
Preporaton
alkal metal
Fusros witn a s
Mno his produles
fust on
is pepMed by agent like KN Oz
oyidsing neutrey
a dis pvoprtiornates
hydoxrde
usch
Ko Mn°t) pesmanganate Mna)
dank rees
tu 9ive
soluon
aadic

2 Mn9 (po tassiwn

manganate).
Mng, +
2 KMn O +
Ka Mng,
3

by the allalhe
prepaecd
Note : Commer aaly it is oxdatron
followed by the electoly tiC
ordate fusicn Mno,
 mang anae ian). 20

fused wttth KOH 2

MnG Manganade icn )

KN O
air r )

electytic MnOy
CPermanganatein)
oxidato
alkalhe Soluhich.
CManganatein)

+2 Salt : to pe manganate.
Frm
Mn
peroxo disulphate
ordised
27 ++ 16 H
+2
Mnt Salt
2
2+
2 . Mo

Cretrahedra)
Mn

paramagnetc.

(reun) dia magnetc

MnOt
CPurple)

Properties o

effect: to give
Heatng at 5 13K
decomposeg
it
when heated,
manganate
Mng
2 KMng,
 2
eduad to Mn Mneg Mn
Note Mngf
aylalihe
alkalihe and in shrng
in a cdic, fainty
medium:
Mn
(i)aadicmedium: MnO4
medium:
faintyalkalie/ heutral
Lh
Hh_0 Mn
sttng lkaline medium:
2
th
oH Mny
MnO4
KMne:
popeaies o
oxidising
2
Ln aadic solution to e 3 to Cg

(a) to L to
D oxidises so to S :
to S,
NO to

2 Mng 2+
Mn

2_ Mn
2
5 Go4 +3 Ho
2Mng 2 Mn

2 Mn
|6 Ht
2 Mn
+2
2 2 M
2 Mn4
1 2 Mn+2
(b) In neutral fainty al Kaline Soluttos 22

to Lodate (ro) S,O3 to SOy

2

2t
Mn to Mn

2 Mn t I0 + 2 OH
i-e 2

>8 Mng + 6S t 2 OH
8 Mn t
(thio Sulphate)
4 H+
3 Mn
2+
+ 2 H,o 5 Mn, t
Mnoy

both are strong oxidising agents.

Note

basic Oides
Note: Mnds Cr0
Amphoteric oxides
Mng,
acidic oxides
 23
Compounds o Tron :
Ferous Sulphate (or Gren vitriol (eso Ho:

Prepasahion :
action dilate Ho so O iron.
pre pae d by +he
R+ Ht, Sa Fe sos + Hy
atmosphere in
Note:
this should be made in a reducig
into
prevent +he oidatin
order to

kip's apparatus waste:

Frem
+ H, S.
FesO
Fes
(Peraus
Sulphide
iron Pyrite :
+ 2HyS
2Feso
2Fe S,
fe Sou t tt,o + co,
(t
+ Hys04

Properties
esfect:
Heatng
I46c 306c Fesou
Pe soy anhy dus) [Colounless]
(ren)
high
Nou, 2 Fes 4np."
(run)
 Salt| hr's Mo
homs Lt
double
Salts
cyande. ferro(Potassium Fesou
KCN 6
pet) (white
chlornde)
chlertde) cuic (mer
(mercurous iv)
Hg,ciz 2+
3+ Au
Au: 3+ Fe 3t
Cr3+ + Ht t
i)
Mn 4+
agent
reducng asacts
a
NO). (Pesa Slphate fesrous nitoso fematnq +he
(No) oxide nitnic with
todue broum tusns
ulphate) ferie basic C
Felo)
Son 4 RSou 4
todue
sulphate ferric kasic the
atmosphee, eXposwre On
yellow
brownish- tns it
base) weak
tSos. +(o), Fe to 2
dalysis hy
24 to due acrdic is Solutio ItS
 25
oxide : (R, o):
Ferric oxide:

Pre paraton:
+- So
2 esOy
3 t,o.
2 Re (oH
ion Pyrites :
+
2 Fe, O

Propaties,: insolube in water but

reddisb-broun powder,
H iS
acd.
Solusle in
Amphoterie natÛne:
+ 3t o
2 Fecdg
6 Hd
H, 0
Na Fe O,
NaoH
2 Sodimfee)
Na Fe o t
Sodiunferrite)
oidisey
(Sodiun hypo chlorite) and cl
Note:
Naocl
Heres Na, FeOa 2k
itu
FèOu t 2 Nac| +
NaPeog NaoH 2 Nas
t 4 Sodiumfeate(:
ch
2Na RO, +

1300c
6
3 Ho.
 feric chlaride (ed): 26

anhydrDus Fed :

Preparaton :
o btained by heating filing in a

dy cl,
S+ream o
Fe dy
2. Fe + 3 ds black solid)

rm
aur to give
oxidrsed heating
Fed s
2 R3
122
30,

Hydrated Ruy

Prepatfen:
3 tel
Pe CoH 2 Fed + 3 H_0
6 Hu
3 CO)
4 6 Hu

2 Fe + 2 Hy

popeties: dare 6lack solid

anhydus
Yellowish- broun Solid.

(anhydrau)
2 Fecl. 6 H, o
 evaporaton
Solution
bluGantated,
e Con
stes Cy
CMalachite
ore)
(ilut) Culot)Cucoz
H,soy 2
+
o 3cusoy 2
CucoH
H,sOy +
2t0 Cusout ltry (di
HySo4 +Cul
Cusoy prparaion:
()
Sulphate Copper
blue C
Ho: S Cu
so, vitrio) Compownds
Coppere o
Pedganhydhous Note:
givinga 300c, Sublims
at
gas dimie chleride)
(nitosyl
NOcI
NOC|. Fedy.
Nty 6
additon Fomain
dt
s: pownd om C
2
S +Fecd 2
Snd, +Fedy 2
Sncl4 +Feu 2
As
agent:
Hyo +
Hyot
CoH)] RCHo),
+ 3+
(o
2+
+3+CU.
hydory
sis. todue acrdic Solutten
is aueous
2+
 Se pahat out 28
Cusoy SHo Cooling.

2Cu + 2Hsou t O, 2Cusou t 2 Hy0

(dihutey

0 Heoti ng ekct:
on exposwe usoy3Ho |00c Cusoy- Hy0
Cusg: SH0 to Sunlight
(pale Slue)
(slue) 256 c

Cusoy onhydus
O, + se +
Cuo (white)

+ tsoy
Coucos}+
Cusou t 6N thyoH
(Schweit2er's
veoent)
+ 2 Kesoy

2Cusoy (whitepot)

culcw),
2 Cuso (4ellow)
2icEy 2 CuCN J
Noul, culc decanpes (garogen)

2CuCN + 6 KCN
2 K3 [cukN)4
NO,
(co louslkss
i-e; CuCN dissolve s in
KCN.
Solas le Congee).
eess
 29
Cusoy + CucoH), + aysoy
(slue)
Cu t Fesoy
fe
Cu + nSoy.

Cupric oxide (Cuo):

lack
Oxide co Copper
is Called

Prepanation:
A 4 CuO

2Cuo
2 Cu t
A
Cuo t Ho
CuCoH),
A 2 CuO +
2

Cucot); CuCog
(Malachii
Popestes:
Llack powder, insoluble in
water.

with acids:
2 Ha

Cuo t Cusou t H,o

4 CuO 2 Cu,o + O,
I|00-1200c

(4 Reduction. with H, c, Co):

Cuo + H Cu t t o
Cu t CO
 30
chloride : Cucl. 2-H0):
Cupric
Prepotoy :
CuloH), () Cuco is dissol ved
Cuo (o)
Cu (o Solti on on
Conuotated Hcly the vesultng
reen Cystals q Cucl
gi ve
Cystallisaton
2 Ho
2 cucs
2Cu
Cucl + tho
(o

Propesh'es: and is readiy

Compownd
deliquescent is blue but
dilde Solutton
water. The
Soluble i
ree -
Solutron is
Conentratd +c is
cnantratd
cshes
to yelloo
c hanges
Lt
added. Compk< Cation Cul Hao),
blue Coloo is due to
The Comple anien Cucl4]
due t
4ellow Colus
and
acdic
due to hydoolysis.
Solutcn 2 Hc.
Agueous Culo),
Cucls + 22t0

cucl,
(cupous
chloride)
 3
Rodu ction with cu/ sos/H/snd :
)(6
Cu (w)
Cucls
nasant H (or)
Sny
Culot), + 2 Naa
2 Nao
Cuclh t
Cucd, 3 Cu (oH),
3 Cu(o), + cue
NOw (Pale blue PPt)

ch 4o +340
|Cu (nta
(deap blue soluten)

Compounds d Zinc'

hinesecshit)
zno):c
ostde: wool
Zinc oxide:
(o) phi losopher's

prepantion
A

A Zn0

3 2
zn(Nos),
H,
Properkes: 32
1S a white powdex and becone s yello
beating ag ain tuins white on Cool ing
actds and
IHt dissolves readily in mi neral
huadiy Stacts bases(allcalis). So, it is

amphoeric natuhe.

Ho
2 NaoH Na,Zng t
(Sodium zincate)
(or)
+ H0
Zn0 + 2 NaoH Na, 2n0, - 2
ty0

Reduction uith
3 20

H,o

Zn0.CoO
Co(N°3), (o)
Cobalt( )
bitrate: znCoO,
Rinmann's gren

2nsoHyo (white vitiol):

preparaion:
2nsoy
2nso, + H,_o
 properties: 33

colourless, Cystallihe solid, Solusle

wateY.

I t is iSomephous ith epsom Salt (mg5aH, o)

+
2 N aoH 2n(oH),
(shite)
2NaoH
(salutle Canpksy
Soluble in NaoH.

296c
106c
2nsoy:THo 2nsou'

Sve
C opounds
Luna Causte):
nitrate CAgNo):
Silv

prepahtion;
dissolvig Ag metul in
iS
prepared by
dilte Hg
3
3 Ag + 4 HNO
(dilute
pvopeties: 34

0 #atng etfect:
2
2 Ag N,

Reaction

3T, + 3 0 Ag Io, + S AgT

(a) 6 Ag Nog (silveh io date)
(esess)

3T 4 3 o
< Ag N°g (Lodic acd)
(esuss) +- 5 HNO.

with N HyoH :
Reactior
+ o
Ag, 0 J, + 2 NH Ng
2 NHhyOH
(bounpot
2
NtuoH.
eess
dissolves in
This pet Co3)o# + 3Ho
2/Ag
(olens veagent)

2 Ag + Cu(Nog),

2 tg t 2n(No),
2

with phosphire Cpt):

6 Ag Nog t 3 o
 Silves oxtde : 35
A9,0:
Preparation;
NaO! Ag, o t 2 NaN2

Soluble (n wter.
Lt is a roun Soltd , spartngly
()
heating effcct :

2 Ag, O

tg,0 + H

solutien is steng basrc.

The aueous
AgoH.

A
R--P + 2 AgT
Ag,O
(dy) (ethex)
wet Ag, o
R-oH + Ag C.
AgoH
(adccho)

The-end