Inverse Trigonometric Functions P a g e | 21

Inverse Trigonometric
Functions

Trigonometric functions are not one – one and onto over their natural domains and
ranges i.e. 𝑅 (real numbers). But some restrictions on domains and ranges of trigonometric
function ensures the existence of their inverses.
Let 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥) = cos 𝑥, then its inverse is 𝑥 = cos −1 𝑦 branches) of inverse
trigonometric functions are as follows:

The domains and ranges (principle value branches) of inverse trigonometric functions are
as follows:
Functions Domain Range
−1 [−1,1] 𝜋 𝜋
𝑦 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 [− , ]
2 2
𝑦 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 𝑥 [−1,1] [0, 𝜋]
𝑦 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 𝑥 𝑅 𝜋 𝜋
(− , ) 2 2
−1 (0, 𝜋)
𝑦 = 𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝑐 𝑅
𝑦 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 −1 𝑅 − (−1,1) 𝜋 𝜋
[− , ] − {0}
2 2
−1
𝑦 = 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥 𝑅 − (−1,1) 𝜋
[0, 𝜋] − { }
2

The value of the inverse trigonometric functions which lies in its principle value branch
is called the principle value of inverse trigonometric function.

Properties of Inverse Trigonometric Functions

𝜋 𝜋
⇒ sin−1 (sin 𝑥) = 𝑥, ∀ − ≤ 𝑥 ≤
2 2
−1
cos (cos 𝑥) = 𝑥, ∀0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 𝜋
𝜋 𝜋
tan−1 (tan 𝑥) = 𝑥, ∀= − < 𝑥 <
2 2

1
⇒ sin−1 ( ) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 −1 𝑥, ∀𝑥 ≥ 1or 𝑥 − 1
𝑥
1
𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 ( ) = 𝑠𝑒𝑐 −1 𝑥, ∀𝑥 ≥ 1or 𝑥 ≤ −1
𝑥
1
tan−1 ( ) = cot −1 𝑥, ∀𝑥 > 0
𝑥
= −𝜋 + cot −1 𝑥, ∀𝑥 < 0

⇒ sin(sin−1 𝑥) = 𝑥, ∀ − 1 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 1
cos(cos −1 𝑥) = 𝑥, ∀ − 1 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 1
tan(tan−1 𝑥) = 𝑥, ∀𝑥 ∈ 𝑅
𝜋
⇒ sin−1 𝑥 + cos −1 𝑥 = , ∀ − 1 ≤ 𝑥, ≤ 1
2

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Inverse Trigonometric Functions P a g e | 22

𝜋
tan−1 𝑥 + cot −1 𝑥 = , ∀𝑥 ∈ 𝑅
2
𝜋
sec −1 𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 −1 𝑥 = , ∀𝑥 ≤ −1 or 𝑥 ≥ 1
2
−1 −1
⇒ sin 𝑥 = cos √1 − 𝑥 2 , ∀0
≤𝑥≤1
sin−1 𝑥 = − cos −1 √1 − 𝑥 2 , ∀ − 1 ≤ 𝑥 < 0
cos −1 𝑥 = sin−1 √1 − 𝑥 2 , ∀0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 1
cos −1 𝑥 = 𝜋 − sin−1 √1 − 𝑥 2 , ∀ − 1 ≤ 𝑥 < 0

⇒ sin−1 (−𝑥) = sin−1 𝑥, ∀ − 1 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 1

cos −1 (−𝑥) = 𝜋 − cos −1 𝑥, ∀ − 1 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 1
tan−1 (−𝑥) = − tan−1 𝑥, ∀𝑥 ∈ 𝑅
cot −1 (−𝑥) = 𝜋 − cot −1 𝑥, ∀𝑥 ∈ 𝑅
sec −1 (−𝑥) = 𝜋 − sec −1 𝑥, ∀|𝑥| ≥ 1
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 −1 (−𝑥) = −𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 −1 𝑥, ∀|𝑥| ≥ 1

𝑥+𝑦
⇒ tan−1 𝑥 + tan−1 𝑦 = tan−1 ( ) , ∀𝑥𝑦 < 1
1−𝑥𝑦
sin−1 𝑥 + sin−1 𝑦 = sin−1 (𝑥√1 − 𝑦 2 + 𝑦√1 − 𝑥 2 ), − 1, ≤ 𝑥, 𝑦 ≤ 1, 𝑥 2 +
𝑦2 ≤ 1
cos −1 𝑥 + cos −1 𝑦 = cos −1 (𝑥𝑦 − √1 − 𝑥 2 √1 − 𝑦 2 ) , −1 ≤ 𝑥, 𝑦 ≤ 1, 𝑥 + 𝑦 ≥
0
𝑥−𝑦
tan−1 𝑥 − tan−1 𝑦 = tan−1 ( ) , 𝑥𝑦 > −1
1+𝑥𝑦
sin−1 𝑥 − sin−1 𝑦 = sin−1 {𝑥𝑦 + √1 − 𝑥 2 √1 − 𝑦 2 } , −1 ≤ 𝑥, 𝑦 ≤ 1 and 𝑥 2 +
𝑦2 ≤ 1
𝑐𝑜𝑠6 − 1 𝑥 − cos −1 𝑦 = cos −1 {𝑥𝑦 + √1 − 𝑥 2 √1 − 𝑦 2 }, −1 ≤ 𝑥, 𝑦 ≤ 1 and
𝑥≤𝑦
2𝑥
⇒ 2 tan−1 𝑥 = sin−1 ( 2) , ∀ − 1 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 1
1+𝑥
2
−1 −1 1−𝑥
2 tan 𝑥= cos ( 2) , ∀𝑥 ≥0
1+𝑥
2𝑥
2 tan−1 𝑥 = tan −1
(1−𝑥 2) , ∀|𝑥| < 1
1 1
2 sin−1 𝑥 = sin−1 (2𝑥√1 − 𝑥 2 ), ∀ ≤𝑥≤
√2 √2
1
2 cos −1 𝑥 = sin−1 (2𝑥√1 − 𝑥 2 ), ∀ ≤𝑥≤1
√2
2 cos −1 𝑥 = cos −1 (2𝑥 2 − 1), ∀0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 1
1 1
⇒ 3 sin−1 = 𝑥𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 (3𝑥 − 4𝑥 3 ), ∀ − ≤ 𝑥 ≤
2 2
−1 −1 (4𝑥 3 1
3 cos 𝑥 = cos − 3𝑥), ∀ ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 1
2
−1 3𝑥−𝑥 3 1 1
3 tan 𝑥= tan−1 ( ),∀ − <𝑥<
1−3𝑥 √3 √3

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Inverse Trigonometric Functions P a g e | 23

Previous Year CBSE Board Questions

Basic Concept
Very Short Answer type Questions
1 1
1. Write the value of cos −1 (− ) + 2 sin−1 ( )
2 2

𝜋
2. Write the principle value of tan−1 [sin (− )]
2

𝜋
3. Find the value of the following: cot ( − 2 cot −1 √3)
2

1
4. Write the principle value of tan−1 (1) cos −1 (− )
2

√3
5. Write the value of tan−1 [2 sin (2 cos −1 )]
2

√3 1
6. Write the principle value of [cos −1 + cos −1 (− )]
2 2

7. Write the principle value of [tan−1 (−√3) + tan−1 (1)]

1 1
8. Write the principle value of cos −1 ( ) − 2 sin−1 (− )
2 2

1 1
9. Using principle values, write the value of cos −1 ( ) + 2 sin−1 ( )
2 2

𝜋 −1
10. Evaluate: sin [ − sin−1 ( )]
3 2

1
11. Write the principle value of sin−1 (− )
2

√3
12. Using principle values, write the value of sin−1 (− )
2

−1 −1
13. Find the principle value of sin−1 ( ) + cos −1 ( )
2 2

14. Find the principle value of sec −1 (−2)

−1
15. Using the principle values, evaluate the following: tan−1 1 + sin−1 ( ) .
2

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Inverse Trigonometric Functions P a g e | 24

Long Answer Type I

12 4 56
16. Prove that cos −1 + cos −1 = tan−1
13 5 33

4 12 33
17. Prove that cos −1 ( ) + 𝑐𝑜𝑠6 − 1 ( ) = cos −1 ( )
5 13 65

12 3 56
18. Prove that: cos −1 ( ) + sin−1 ( ) = sin−1 ( )
13 5 65

Very Short Answer Type Questions

19. Find the value of tan−1 √3 − cot −1 (−√3)

1
20. If sin (sin−1 + cos −1 𝑥) = 1, then find the value of 𝑥.
5

𝜋
21. If tan−1 𝑥 + tan−1 𝑦 = , 𝑥𝑦 < 1, then write. The value of 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑥𝑦.
4

1
22. Write the value of tan (2 tan−1 )
5

23. Write the principle value of tan−1 (√3) − cot −1 (−√3)

3𝜋
24. Evaluate sin−1 (sin )
4

25. Find the principle value of tan−1 √3 − sec −1 (−2)

3𝜋
26. Find the value of tan−1 (tan )
4

7𝜋
27. Write the principle value of cos −1 (cos )
6

2𝜋 2𝜋
28. Using principle values, evaluate the following. cos −1 (cos ) + sin−1 (sin )
3 3

4𝜋
29. Find the principle value of sin−1 (sin )
5

1 𝜋
30. If sin−1 ( ) + 𝑐𝑜𝑠6 − 1 (𝑥) = , then find 𝑥.
3 2

1 𝜋
31. If sin−1 (𝑥) + 𝑐𝑜𝑠6 − 1 ( ) = , then find 𝑥.
2 2

13𝜋
32. Using principle value, find the value of cos −1 (cos )
6

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Inverse Trigonometric Functions P a g e | 25

𝜋
33. IF tan−1 (√3) + cos −1 (𝑥) = , then find 𝑥.
2
Short Answer Type Questions
1 1
34. Prove that : 3 sin−1 𝑥 = sin−1 (3𝑥 − 4𝑥 3 ), 𝑥 ∈ [− , ]
2 2

𝜋 1 𝑎 𝜋 1 𝑎 2𝑏
35. Prove that tan { + cos −1 } + tan { − cos −1 } =
4 2 𝑏 4 2 𝑏 𝑎

𝑥−3 𝑥+3 𝜋
36. If tan−1 + tan−1 = , then find the value of 𝑥.
𝑥−4 𝑥+4 4

37. Solve for 𝑥: 2 tan−1 (cos 𝑥) = tan−1 (2 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥)

1 1 1 1 𝜋
38. Prove that: tan−1 ( ) + tan−1 ( ) + tan−1 ( ) + tan−1 ( ) =
3 5 7 8 4

39. Solve the equation for 𝑥: sin−1 + sin−1 (1 − 𝑥) = cos −1 𝑥

𝑥 𝑦 𝑥2 𝑥𝑦 𝑦2
40. If cos −1 + cos −1 = α, prove that 2
−2 cos α + = sin2 α
𝑎 𝑏 𝑎 𝑎𝑏 𝑏2

𝑥−2 𝑥+2 𝜋
41. Solve for 𝑥: tan−1 ( ) + tan−1 (𝑥+1) =
𝑥−1 4

√1+sin 𝑥+ √1−sin 𝑥 𝑥 𝜋
42. Prove that: cot −1 ( ) = 2 , 𝑥 ∈ (0, 4 )
√1+sin 𝑥− √1−sin 𝑥

43. If sin[cot −1 (𝑥 + 1)] = cos (tan−1 𝑥), then find 𝑥.

5𝜋2
44. If (tan−1 𝑥)2 + (cot −1 𝑥)2 = , then find 𝑥
8
−1 𝑥𝑦+1 𝑦𝑧+1 𝑧𝑥+1
45. Prove the following: cot ( ) + cot −1 ( ) + cot −1 ( 𝑧−𝑥 ) = 0 , (0 <
𝑥−𝑦 𝑦−𝑧
𝑥𝑦, 𝑦𝑧, 𝑧𝑥 < 1)
8
46. Solve for 𝑥: tan−1 (𝑥 + 1) + tan−1 (𝑥 − 1) = tan−1 .
31

1 1 1
47. IF tan−1 ( ) + tan−1 (1+1∙3) + ⋯ + tan−1 (1+𝑛∙(𝑛+1)) = tan−1 θ
1+1∙2

𝜋
48. Solve for 𝑥: tan−1 (2𝑥) + tan−1 (3𝑥) = .
4

63 5 3
49. Prove that: tan−1 = sin−1 + cos −1
16 13 5

1 1 31
50. Prove that 2 tan−1 ( ) + tan−1 ( ) = sin−1 ( )
2 7 25 2 √

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Inverse Trigonometric Functions P a g e | 26

1−𝑥 1
51. Solve for 𝑥: tan−1 ( ) = 2 tan−1 𝑥 , 𝑥 > 0
1+𝑥

1 5√2 1 𝜋
52. Prove that 2 tan−1 ( ) + sec −1 ( ) + 2 tan−1 ( ) =
5 7 8 4

53. Prove that:

√1+𝑥− √1−𝑥 𝜋 1 −1
tan−1 [ ] = − 𝑐𝑜𝑠6 − 1 𝑥, ≤𝑥≤1
√1+𝑥+ √1−𝑥 4 2 √2

𝑥−2 𝑥+2 𝜋
54. If tan−1 ( ) + tan−1 (𝑥+4) = 4 ; find the value of 𝑥.
𝑥−4

3
55. Solve for 𝑥: cos(tan−1 𝑥) = (sin cot −1 )
4

56. Prove that: cot −1 7 + cot −1 8 + cot −1 18 = cot −1 3

𝑥 √3−3𝑥 2 𝜋
57. Prove that: 𝑐𝑜𝑠6 − 1 (𝑥) + cos −1 { + }=
2 2 3

2𝜋
58. Solve for 𝑥: tan−1 𝑥 + 2 cot −1 𝑥 = .
3

3 8 36
59. Prove that : sin−1 + sin−1 = cos −1
5 17 85

1 2𝑥 1−𝑦 2
60. Find the value of the following tan [sin−1 2
+ cos −1 ] , |𝑥| < 1, 𝑦 > 0 and
2 1+𝑥 1+𝑦 2
𝑥𝑦 < 1

1 1 1 𝜋
61. Prove that tan−1 ( ) + tan−1 ( ) + tan−1 ( ) =
2 5 8 4

1 3 4−√7
62. Show that: tan ( sin−1 ) =
2 4 3

𝑎 𝑎−𝑏
63. Write the value of the following: tan−1 ( ) − tan−1 ( )
𝑏 𝑎+𝑏

8 3 77
64. Prove that: sin−1 + sin−1 = tan−1
17 5 36

𝜋
65. Solve for 𝑥: sin−1 (1 − 𝑥) − 2 sin−1 𝑥 =
2

cos 𝑥 𝜋 𝑥 𝜋 𝜋
66. Prove that tan−1 ( ) = 4 − 2 , 𝑥 ∈ (− 2 , 2 )
1+sin 𝑥

3 3 6
67. Prove the following: cos (sin−1 + cot −1 ) =
5 2 5 √13

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Inverse Trigonometric Functions P a g e | 27

𝑥−1 𝑥+1 𝜋
68. Solve for 𝑥: tan−1 ( ) + tan−1 (𝑥+2) =
𝑥−2 4

3 3 8 𝜋
69. Prove that: tan−1 ( ) + tan−1 ( ) − tan−1 ( ) =
4 5 19 4

𝑥 𝑥−𝑦
70. Find the value of tan−1 ( ) − tan−1 ( )
𝑦 𝑥+𝑦

1 1 31
71. Prove that: 2 tan−1 ( ) − tan−1 ( ) = tan−1 ( )
2 7 17

3 17 𝜋
72. Prove that: 2 tan−1 − tan−1 =
4 31 4

2𝑥 1−𝑥62 𝜋
73. Solve for 𝑥: tan−1 ( ) + cot −1 ( ) = 3 , −1 < 𝑥 < 1
1−𝑥 2 2𝑥

1 2 1 4
74. Prove that: tan−1 + tan−1 = tan−1
4 9 2 3

1
75. Solve for 𝑥: cos(2 sin−1 𝑥) = , 𝑥 > 0
9

1−𝑥
76. Prove that: tan−1 √𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠6 − 1 ( ) , 𝑥 ∈ (0,1)
1+𝑥

77. Prove that: tan−1 (1) + tan−1 (2) + tan−1 (3) = 𝜋

1+𝑥 2
78. Prove that: cos[tan−1 {sin(cot −1 𝑥) }] = √
2+𝑥 2

2𝑥 3𝑥−𝑥 3
79. Prove that: tan−1 𝑥 + tan−1 ( ) = tan−1 (1−3𝑥 2 )
1−𝑥 2

𝑥 𝑥 𝜋′
80. Solve for 𝑥: tan−1 + tan−1 = 0 < 𝑥 < √6
2 3 4

4 5 16 𝜋
81. Prove that: sin−1 ( ) + sin−1 ( ) + sin−1 ( ) =
5 13 65 2

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Inverse Trigonometric Functions P a g e | 28

Detailed Solutions
1 1
1. Given cos −1 (− ) + 2 sin−1 ( )
2 2
2𝜋 𝜋 2𝜋 𝜋
= cos −1 (cos ) + 2 sin−1 (sin 6 ) = +2× =𝜋
3 3 6

𝜋 𝜋
2. Here, tan−1 [sin (− )] = tan−1 (−1) = − . This is required principle value as it is
2 4
𝜋 𝜋
lie in (− , )
2 2

𝜋
3. cot ( − 2 cot −1 √3)
2
𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
= cot ( − 2 cot −1 (cot )) = cot ( − 2, )
2 6 2 6
𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
= cot ( − ) = cot = √3
2 3 6

−1
4. tan−1 (1) + cos −1 ( )
2
𝜋 2𝜋 𝜋 2𝜋 11𝜋
= tan−1 (tan ) + cos −1 (cos ( )) = + =
4 3 4 3 12

√3
5. tan−1 [2 sin (2 cos −1 )]
2
𝜋 𝜋
= tan−1 [2 sin (2 ∙ )] = tan−1 [2 sin ]
6 3
√3 𝜋
= tan−1 [2 ∙ ] = tan−1 (√3) = .
2 3

√3 1
6. cos −1 ( ) + cos −1 (− )
2 2
√3 2𝜋 𝜋 2𝜋 5𝜋
= cos −1 ( ) + cos −1 (cos )=6+ =
2 3 3 6

7. tan−1 (−√3) + tan−1 (1)

𝜋 𝜋
= tan−1 (− tan ) + tan−1 (tan )
3 4
𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
= tan−1 (tan (− )) + = + = −
3 4 3 4 12

1 1
8. cos −1 ( ) − 2 sin−1 (− )
2 2
𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 2𝜋
= cos −1 (cos ) − 2 sin−1 (sin (− )) = + =
3 6 3 3 3

9. Principle value of
1 1 𝜋 𝜋 2𝜋
cos −1 ( ) + 2 sin−1 ( ) = + 2. = .
2 2 3 6 3

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Inverse Trigonometric Functions P a g e | 29

𝜋 1 𝜋 −𝜋
10. sin [ − sin−1 (− )] = sin [ − sin−1 (sin ( ))]
3 2 3 6
𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
= sin ( + ) = sin = 1
3 6 2

−1
11. Let sin−1 ( ) = θ
2
−1 𝜋 −𝜋 −𝜋 𝜋
Then, sin θ = = sin (− ) , where ∈[ , ]
2 6 6 2 2

√3
12. The principle value of sin−1 (− )
2
𝜋 𝜋 −𝜋 −𝜋 𝜋
= sin−1 (sin (− )) = − , where ∈[ , ]
3 3 3 2 2

−1 −1
13. sin−1 ( ) + cos −1 ( )
2 2
𝜋 2𝜋 −𝜋 2𝜋 𝜋
= sin−1 (sin (− )) + cos −1 (cos ( )) = + =
6 3 6 3 2

14. Let sec −1 (−2) = 𝑦.

𝜋 𝜋 2𝜋
⇒ sec 𝑦 = −2 = − sec ( ) = sec (𝜋 − ) = sec ( )
3 3 3
𝜋
We know that the range of principle value branch of sec −1 𝑥 is [0, 𝜋] − { } and
2
2𝜋 2𝜋
sec ( ) = −2. Hence, principle value of sec −1 (−2) =
3 3

−1
15. tan−1 (1) + sin−1 ( )
2
−𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
= tan−1 sin−1 (sin ( )) = 4 − 6 = 12
6
𝜋
∴ Required principle value is
12

4 12
16. Let 𝑥 = cos −1 ( ) and 𝑦 = cos −1 ( )
5 13
4 12
⇒ cos 𝑥 = and cos 𝑦 =
5 13
Now, sin 𝑥 = √1 − cos 2 𝑥 and sin 𝑦 = √1 − cos 2 𝑦
16 144
⇒ sin 𝑥 = √1 − and sin 𝑦 = √1 −
25 169
3 5
⇒ sin 𝑥 = and sin 𝑦 =
5 13
We know that, cos(𝑥 + 𝑦) = cos 𝑥 cos 𝑦 − sin 𝑥 sin 𝑦
4 12 3 5
= × × ×
5 13 5 13
48 15 33
⇒ cos(𝑥 + 𝑦) = − =
65 65 65
−1 33
⇒ 𝑥 + 𝑦 = cos ( )
65
−1 4 −1 12 33
∴ cos ( ) + cos ( ) = cos −1 ( )
5 13 65
√1−𝑥 2
−1 −1
Now, cos 𝑥 = tan ( )
𝑥

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Inverse Trigonometric Functions P a g e | 30

2
√1−(33)
33 56
∴ cos −1 ( ) = tan−1 ( 33
65
) = tan−1 (35)
65
65

4 12 56
∴ cos −1 ( ) + cos −1 ( ) = tan−1 ( )
5 13 35

17. Refer to answer 16.

12 3 12 3
18. Let 𝑥 = cos −1 ( ) and 𝑦 = sin−1 ( )or cos 𝑥 = and sin 𝑦 =
13 5 13 5
Now, sin 𝑥 = √1 − cos 2 𝑥 and cos 𝑦 = √1 − sin2 𝑦
144 9
⇒ sin 𝑥 = √1 − and cos 𝑦 = √1 −
169 25
5 4
⇒ sin 𝑥 = and cos 𝑦 =
13 5
We know that,
sin(𝑥 + 𝑦) = sin 𝑥 cos 𝑦 + cos 𝑥𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑦
5 4 12 3 20 36 56
= × × × = + =
13 513 5 65 65 65
−1 56
⇒ 𝑥 + 𝑦 = sin ( )
65
−1 12 3 56
Or cos ( ) + sin−1 ( ) = sin−1 ( )
13 5 65

19. tan−1 √3 − cot −1 (−√3)

= tan−1 √3 − (𝜋 − cot −1 √3)
𝜋 𝜋
= tan−1 √3 + cot −1 √3 − 𝜋 = − 𝜋 = −
2 2

1
20. sin (sin−1 + cos −1 𝑥) = 1
5
−1 1
or sin + cos −1 𝑥 = sin−1 1
5
1 𝜋 𝜋
⇒ sin−1 + − sin−1 𝑥 =
5 2 2
𝜋
[∵ sin−1 cos −1 𝑥 = ]
2
1 1 1
⇒ sin−1 = sin−1 𝑥 ⇒ 𝑥 = sin (sin−1 ) =
5 5 5

𝜋
21. Given: tan−1 𝑥 + tan−1 𝑦 = (𝑥𝑦 < 1)
4
𝑥+𝑦 𝜋 𝑥+𝑦 𝜋
⇒ tan−1 ( )= ⇒ = tan = 1
1−𝑥𝑦 4 1−𝑥𝑦 4
⇒ 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 1 − 𝑥𝑦 ⇒ 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑥𝑦 = 1

2𝑥
22. Since 2 tan−1 𝑥 = tan−1 ( ) , for |𝑥| < 1
1−𝑥 2
1
1 2×
So, 2 tan−1 ( ) = tan−1 ( 5
1 2
)
5 1−( )
5

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Inverse Trigonometric Functions P a g e | 31

2
−1 5
= tan ( ) = tan−1 (12)
5
24
25
1 5 5
∴ tan (2 tan−1 ) = tan (tan−1 ) =
5 12 12

23. Refer to answer 19.

24. We know that, sin−1 (sin 𝑥) = 𝑥

3𝜋 3𝜋
Therefore, sin−1 (sin ) =
5 5
3𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
But ∉ [− , ], which is the principle of sin−1 𝑥.
5 2 2
−1 3𝜋 2𝜋
So, sin (sin ) = sin−1 [sin (𝜋 − )]
5 5
2𝜋 2𝜋 2𝜋 −𝜋 𝜋
= sin−1 [sin ( )] = and ∈[ , ]
5 5 5 2 2
−1 3𝜋 2𝜋
∴ sin (sin )=
5 5

2𝜋
25. tan−1 √3 − sec −1 (−2) = tan−1 √3 − sec −1 (sec )
3
𝜋 2𝜋 𝜋
= − =− .
3 3 3

3𝜋 3𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
26. tan−1 (tan )≠ as the principle value branch of tan−1 θ is (− , )
4 4 2 2
3𝜋 𝜋
So, tan−1 (tan ) = tan−1 (tan (𝜋 − 4 ))
4
𝜋
= tan−1 [− tan ( )]
4
𝜋
= tan−1 (tan (− )) [∵ − tan θ = tan(−θ)]
4
𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
= − ∈ (− , )
4 2 2
3𝜋 𝜋
Hence, tan−1 (tan ) = −4
4

7𝜋 7𝜋
27. cos −1 (cos )≠ as principle value branch of
6 6
7𝜋 𝜋
cos −1 (cos ) = cos −1 [cos (𝜋 + 6 )]
6
𝜋 𝜋 5𝜋
= cos −1 (− cos ) = cos −1 (cos (𝜋 − )) =
6 6 6
5𝜋
Where ∈ [0, 𝜋]
6
7𝜋 5𝜋
Hence, cos −1 (cos )=
6 6

28. We know that the range of principle value branch of cos −1 θ is [0, 𝜋] and sin−1 θ is
𝜋 𝜋
[− , ],
2 2
2𝜋 2𝜋
Then, cos −1 (cos ) + sin−1 (sin )
3 3
2𝜋 𝜋
= + sin−1 (sin (𝜋 − ))
3 3

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Inverse Trigonometric Functions P a g e | 32

2𝜋 𝜋 2𝜋 𝜋
= + sin−1 (sin ) = + =𝜋
3 3 3 3

29. We know that, sin−1 (sin 𝑥) = 𝑥

4𝜋 4𝜋
Therefore, sin−1 (sin ) =
5 5
4𝜋 −𝜋 𝜋
But ∉[ , ], which is the principle value branch of sin−1 𝑥.
5 2 2
4𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
So, sin ( ) = sin (𝜋 − ) = sin and ∈ [− , ]
5 5 5 5 2 2
4𝜋 𝜋
Therefore, sin−1 (sin )=
5 5

1 𝜋
30. sin−1 ( ) + 𝑐𝑜𝑠6 − 1 (𝑥) =
3 2
1 𝜋
⇒ sin−1 = − cos −1
𝑥
3 2
−1 1 𝜋
⇒ sin = sin−1 𝑥 [∵ sin−1 𝑥 + cos −1 𝑥 = ]
3 2
1
⇒ 𝑥=
3

1 𝜋
31. sin−1 𝑥 + cos −1 ( ) =
2 2
−1 𝜋 𝜋 −1 𝜋 𝜋
⇒ sin 𝑥+ = ⇒ sin 𝑥= −
3 2 2 3
−1 𝜋 𝜋 1
⇒ sin 𝑥= ⇒ 𝑥 = sin ⇒ 𝑥 =
6 6 2

13𝜋 13𝜋
32. cos −1 (cos )≠ as the range of principle value of branch of cos −1 θ is [0. 𝜋]
6 6
13𝜋 𝜋
So, cos −1 (cos ) = cos −1 (cos (2𝜋 + 6 ))
6
−1 𝜋 𝜋
= cos (cos 6 ) = 6
13𝜋 𝜋
∴ cos −1 (cos )=
6 6

𝜋
33. tan−1 (√3) + cot −1 (𝑥) =
2
𝜋 −1 𝜋 −1 𝜋
⇒ + cot 𝑥= ⇒ cot 𝑥=
3 2 6
𝜋
⇒ 𝑥 = cot ⇒ 𝑥 = √3
6

34. Put sin−1 𝑥 = θ. Then 𝑥 = sin θ

Now, sin 3θ = (3 sin θ − 4 sin3 θ) = (3𝑥 − 4𝑥 3 )
⇒ 3θ = sin−1 (3𝑥 − 4𝑥 3 )
⇒ 3 sin−1 𝑥 = sin−1 (3𝑥 − 4𝑥 3 ) [∵ θ = sin−1 𝑥]

35. We have,
𝜋 1 𝑎 𝜋 1 𝑎
L.H.S. = tan { + cos −1 } _ tan { − cos −1 }
4 2 𝑏 4 2 𝑏
𝑎 𝑎
Let cos −1 =θ⇒ = cos θ
𝑏 𝑏

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Inverse Trigonometric Functions P a g e | 33

𝜋 θ 𝜋 θ
∴ L. H. S. = tan ( + ) + tan ( − )
4 2 4 2
θ θ
1+tan2 1−tan
= θ
2
+ 2
θ
1−tan 1+tan
2 2
θ θ θ
1+tan +1+tan2
2 1+tan2
= 2
θ
2
= 2( 2
θ )
1−tan2 1−tan2
2 2
2 2 2 2𝑏
= 𝜃 = = = = R. H. S.
cos(2∙ ) cos θ 𝑎/𝑏 𝑎
2
Hence Proved.

𝑥−3 𝑥+3 𝜋
36. We have,tan−1 ( ) + tan−1 (𝑥+4) =
𝑥−4 4
𝑥−3 𝑥+3
+ 𝜋
⇒ tan−1 ( 𝑥−4 𝑥+4
(𝑥−3)(𝑥+3) )=
1− 4
(𝑥−4)(𝑥+4)
𝐴+𝐵
[∵ tan−1 𝐴 + tan−1 𝐵 = tan−1 ( )]
1−𝐴×𝐵
(𝑥−3)(𝑥+4)+(𝑥−3)(𝑥−4) 𝜋
⇒ tan−1 [ (𝑥 2 −16)−(𝑥 2 −9)
]=
4
2 2
𝑥 +𝑥−12+𝑥 −𝑥−12 𝜋
⇒ = tan
𝑥 2 −16−𝑥 2 +9 4
2𝑥 2 −24
⇒ =1
−7
⇒ 2𝑥 − 24 = −7 ⇒ 2𝑥 2 = 17
2

17 17
⇒ 𝑥2 = ⇒ 𝑧 = ±√
2 2

32. 2 tan−1 (cos 𝑥) = tan−1 (2𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥)

2 cos 𝑥
⇒ tan−1 ( 2 )
− tan−1 (2𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥) = 0
1−cos 𝑥
−1 2 cos 𝑥
⇒ tan ( 2 ) − tan−1 (2𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥) = 0
sin 𝑥
2 cos 𝑥 2
−
−1 sin2 𝑥 sin 𝑥
⇒ tan ( 2 cos 𝑥 2 ) = 0
1+( 2 ) (sin 𝑥)
sin 𝑥
2 cos 𝑥 sin 𝑥−2 sin2 𝑥
⇒ tan−1 ( ) =0
sin3 𝑥+4 cos 𝑥
2
2 cos 𝑥 sin 𝑥−2 sin 𝑥
⇒ =0
sin3 𝑥+4 cos 𝑥
⇒ 2 cos 𝑥 sin 𝑥 = 2 sin2 𝑥
⇒ tan 𝑥 = 1
𝜋 𝜋
⇒ 𝑥 = tan−1 (1) = tan−1 (tan ) =
4 4

1 1 1 1
38. L.H.S = (tan−1 + tan−1 ) + (tan−1 + tan−1 )
3 5 7 8
1 1 1 1
× +
−1 −1
= tan ( 3 5
1 1 ) + tan ( 7 8
1 1 )
1− × 1− ×
3 5 7 8
8 15
−1 −1 4 3
= tan ( ) + tan
15
14 ( ) = tan−1 (7) + tan−1 (11)
56
55
15 56

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Inverse Trigonometric Functions P a g e | 34

4 3 65
+
−1 −1
= tan [ 7 11
4 3 ] = tan ( ) 77
65
1− ×
7 11 77
𝜋
= tan−1 1 = = R. H. S.
4

39. sin−1 𝑥 + sin−1 (1 − 𝑥) = cos −1 𝑥

𝜋
⇒ sin−1 𝑥 + − cos −1 (1 − 𝑥) = cos −1 𝑥
2
(∀ − 1 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 1)
−1 𝜋 −1 −1 (1
⇒ sin 𝑥 + − cos 𝑥 = cos − 𝑥)
2
𝜋
⇒ sin 𝑥 + − cos −1 𝑥 = cos −1 (1 − 𝑥)
−1
2
⇒ 2 sin−1 𝑥 = cos −1 (1 − 𝑥)
⇒ cos(2 sin−1 𝑥) = (1 − 𝑥)
⇒ 1 − 2 sin2 (sin−1 𝑥) = (1 − 𝑥)
⇒ 2 sin2 (sin−1 𝑥) = 𝑥
⇒ 2𝑥 2 = 𝑥 ⇒ 2𝑥 2 − 𝑥 = 0 ⇒ 𝑥(2𝑥 − 1) = 0
⇒ 𝑥 = 0 or 2𝑥 − 1 = 0 ⇒ 𝑥 = 0 or 𝑥 = 1/2

𝑥 𝑦
40. We have, cos −1 + cos −1 = α
𝑎 𝑏

𝑥𝑦 𝑥2 𝑦2
⇒ cos −1 [ − √1 − 2
√1 − ]=α
𝑎𝑏 𝑎 𝑏2

𝑥𝑦 𝑥2 𝑦2
⇒ − √1 − √1 − = cos α …(i)
𝑎𝑏 𝑎2 𝑏2

Squaring on both sides, we get

𝑥2 𝑦2 𝑥2 𝑦2 2𝑥𝑦 𝑥2 𝑦2
+ (1 − ) (1 − 𝑏2 ) − √1 − √1 − = cos 2 α
𝑎2 𝑏2 𝑎2 𝑎𝑏 𝑎2 𝑏2

𝑥2 𝑦2 𝑦2 𝑥2 𝑥2𝑦2 2𝑥𝑦 𝑥2 𝑦2
⇒ +1− − + − √1 − √1 − = 1 − sin2 α
𝑎2 𝑏2 𝑏 2 𝑎 2 𝑎2 𝑏 2 𝑎𝑏 𝑎 2 𝑏2

𝑥2 𝑦2 2𝑥𝑦 𝑥𝑦 𝑥2 𝑦2
⇒
𝑎 2
+
𝑏 2
−
𝑎𝑏
[𝑎𝑏 − √1 − 𝑎2 √1 − 𝑏2 ] = sin2 α

𝑥2 2𝑥𝑦 𝑦2
⇒ 2
− cos α + = sin2 α [From (i)]
𝑎 𝑎𝑏 𝑏2

𝑥−2 𝑥+2 𝜋
41. tan−1 ( ) + tan−1 (𝑥+1) =
𝑥−1 4
𝑥−2 𝑥+2
( )+tan−1 ( ) 𝜋
⇒ tan−1 ( 𝑥−1
𝑥−2 𝑥+2
𝑥+1
)=
1−(𝑥−1) (𝑥+1) 4
(𝑥−2)(𝑥+1)+(𝑥+2)(𝑥−1) 𝜋
⇒ tan−1 ( (𝑥 2 −1)−(𝑥 2 −22 )
)= 4

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Inverse Trigonometric Functions P a g e | 35

𝑥 2 +𝑥−2𝑥−2+𝑥 2 −𝑥+2𝑥−2 𝜋
⇒ tan−1 ( )=
𝑥 2 −1𝑥 2 +4 4
2𝑥 2 −4 𝜋 2𝑥 2 −4
⇒ ( 3 ) = tan ( 4 ) ⇒ 3 = 1
⇒ 2𝑥 2 − 4 = 3 ⇒ 2𝑥 2 = 3 + 4
7 7
⇒ 𝑥 2 = ⇒ 𝑥 = ±√
2 2

√1+sin 𝑥+ √1−sin 𝑥 √1+sin 𝑥+ √1−sin 𝑥

42. L.H.S. = cot −1 ( × )
√1+sin 𝑥−√1−sin 𝑥 √1+sin 𝑥 + √1−sin 𝑥
(1+sin 𝑥)+(1−sin 𝑥)+2√1−sin 2𝑥
= cot −1 ( )
(1+sin 𝑥)−(1−sin 𝑥)
−1 2(1+cos 𝑥) −1 1+cos 𝑥
= cot ( ) = cot ( )
2 sin 𝑥 sin 𝑥
2 cos2(𝑥/2)
= cot −1 ( 𝑥 𝑥 )
2 sin(2) cos(2)
𝑥 𝑥
= cot −1 (cot ) = = R. H. S.
2 2
Hence, L.H.S. = R.H.S.

43. We have, sin[cot −1 (𝑥 + 1)] = cos(tan−1 𝑥) … (1)

Let cot −1 (𝑥 + 1) = 𝐴 and tan−1 𝑥 = 𝐵
1
⇒ 𝑥 + 1 = cot 𝐴 ⇒ sin 𝐴 = 2 √(𝑥−1) +1
1
Also, 𝑥 = tan 𝐵 ∴𝐵= 2
√𝑥 +1
Now, sin 𝐴 = cos 𝐵 [From (1)]
1 1
⇒ 2
= 2 ⇒ (𝑥 + 1) + 1 = 𝑥 2 + 1
2
√(𝑥+1) +1 √𝑥 +1
1
⇒ 1 + 2𝑥 = 0 ⇒ 𝑥 = −
2

5𝜋2
44. (tan−1 𝑥)2 + (cot −1 𝑥)2 = [Given]
8
𝜋 2 5𝜋2
⇒ (tan−1 𝑥)2 + ( − tan−1 𝑥) =
2 8
−1
Putting tan 𝑥 = θ, we get
𝜋 2 5𝜋2
θ2 + ( − θ) =
2 8
2 𝜋2 2 5𝜋2
⇒ θ + + θ − πθ =
4 8
𝜋2 5𝜋2
⇒ 2θ2 − 𝜋θ + ( − )=0
4 8
3
⇒ 2θ2 − 𝜋θ − 𝜋 2 = 0
8
⇒ 16θ2 − 8𝜋θ − 3π2 = 0
⇒ 4θ(4𝜃 − 3𝜋) + 𝑝𝑖 (4θ − 3π) = 0
⇒ (4𝜃 + 𝜋)(4𝜃 − 3𝜋) = 0
⇒ Either 4𝜃 = 3𝜋 or 4𝜃 = −𝜋
3𝜋 𝜋
⇒ 𝜃 = or 𝜃 = −
4 4

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Inverse Trigonometric Functions P a g e | 36

3𝜋 𝜋
Hence, tan−1 𝑥 = or −
4 4
⇒ 𝑥 = −1

𝑥𝑦+1 𝑦𝑧+1 𝑧𝑥+1

45. 𝐿. 𝐻. 𝑆. = cot −1 ( ) + cot −1 ( 𝑦−𝑧 ) + cot −1 ( 𝑧−𝑥 )
𝑥−𝑦
𝑥−𝑦 𝑦−𝑧 𝑧−𝑥
= tan−1 ( ) + tan−1 (1+𝑦𝑧) + tan−1 (1+𝑧𝑥)
1+𝑥𝑦
1
[∵ cot −1 𝑥 = tan−1 ]
𝑥
= (tan 𝑥 − tan 𝑦) + (tan 𝑦 − tan 𝑧) + (tan−1 𝑧 − tan−1 𝑥)
−1 −1 −1 −1

= 0 = R. H. S.

8
46. We have, tan−1 (𝑥 + 1) + tan−1 (𝑥 − 1) = tan−1
31
−1 (𝑥+1+𝑥−1) 8
⇒ tan (1−(𝑥+1)(𝑥−1)) = tan−1
31
For (𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 − 1) < 1
2𝑥 8 2𝑥 8
⇒ 2
= ⇒ 2
=
1−(𝑥 −1) 31 2−𝑥 31
⇒ 31𝑥 = 8 − 4𝑥 2 ⇒ 4𝑥62 + 31𝑥 − 8 = 0
⇒ (4𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 + 8) = 0
⇒ 4𝑥 − 1 = 0 or 𝑥 + 8 = 0
1
⇒ 𝑥 = or 𝑥 = −8
4
But 𝑥 = −8 does not satisfy the equation.
1
Hence, 𝑥 = is the only solution
4

1 1 1
47. tan−1 ( ) + tan−1 (1+2∙3) + ⋯ + tan−1 (1+𝑛∙(𝑛+1)) = tan−1 θ
1+1∙2
2−1 3−2 (𝑛+1)−𝑛
⇒ tan−1 ( ) + tan−1 (1+2∙3) + ⋯ + tan−1 (1+𝑛(𝑛+1)) = tan−1 θ
1+1∙2
⇒ tan−1 2 − tan−1 1 + tan−1 3 − tan−1 3 − tan−1 2 +
+ ⋯ + tan−1 (𝑛 + 1) − tan−1 (𝑛) = tan−1 θ
(𝑛+1)−1
⇒ tan−1 ( ) = tan−1 θ
1+(𝑛+1)(1)
𝑛 𝑛
⇒ tan−1 ( ) = tan−1 θ ⇒ =θ
𝑛+2 𝑛+2

𝜋
48. We have,tan−1 2𝑥 + tan−1 3𝑥 =
4
−1 2𝑥+3𝑥 𝜋
⇒ tan (1−2𝑥×3𝑥) = (for 2𝑥 ∙ 3𝑥 < 1)
4
5𝑥 𝜋
⇒ tan−1 ( )=
1−6𝑥 2 4
5𝑥 𝜋
Therefore, = tan = 1
1−6𝑥 2 4
⇒ 6𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 − 1 = 0 ⇒ (6𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 + 1) = 0
1
Which gives 𝑥 = or 𝑥 = −1
6
Since 𝑥 = −1 does not satisfy the equation as the L.H.S. of the equation negative .

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Inverse Trigonometric Functions P a g e | 37

1
∴ 𝑥 = is the only solution of the given equation.
6
5 3
49. Consider R.H.S. = sin−1 + cos −1
13 5
5 4
5 4 +
= tan−1 + tan−1 = tan−1 ( 12 3
5 4 )
12 3 1− ∙
12 3
15+48 63
= tan−1 ( ) tan−1 (16) = L. H. S.
36−20

1 1
50. L.H.S. = 2 tan−1 ( ) + tan−1 ( )
2 7
1 1 1
= tan−1 ( ) + tan−1 ( ) + tan−1 ( )
2 2 7
1 1
+ 1
−1
= tan ( 2 2
11 ) + tan−1 (7)
1− ∙
22
4 1
= tan−1 ( ) + tan−1 ( )
3 7
4 1
+ 28+3 31
−1
= tan ( 3 7
41 ) = tan−1 (21−4) = tan−1 (17)
1− ∙
37
31
Now, tan−1 ( ) = θ (say) …(i)
17
31
⇒ tan θ =
17
1 1
∴ sin θ = =
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐θ √1+cot2 θ
1 31 31 31
= = = =
2 √312 +172 √1250 25√2
√1+(17)
31
31
⇒ θ = sin−1 ( ) …(ii)
25√2
31
From (i) and (ii), L.H.S. = sin−1 ( ) = R. H. S.
25√2

1−𝑥 1
51. We have, tan−1 ( ) = 2 tan−1 𝑥, (𝑥 > 0)
1+𝑥
1
⇒ tan−1 1 − tan−1 𝑥 = tan−1 𝑥
2
3 −1 −1 𝜋
⇒ tan 𝑥 = tan 1=
2 4
−1 𝜋 2 𝜋 𝜋 1
⇒ tan 𝑥= × = ⇒ 𝑥 = tan =
4 3 6 6 √3
1
⇒ 𝑥=
√3

1 5√2 1
52. L.H.S. =2 tan−1 ( ) + sec −1 ( ) + 2 tan−1 ( )
5 7 8
1 1 −1 5√2
= [tan−1 ( ) + tan−1 ( )] + sec ( )
5 8 7
1 1
+ 5√2
−1
= 2 tan ( 5 8
1 1 ) + sec −1 ( 7
)
1− ×
5 8
13
5√2
= 2 tan−1 ( ) + sec −1 (40
39 )
7
40

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Inverse Trigonometric Functions P a g e | 38

1 5√2
= 2 tan−1 ( ) + sec −1 ( )
3 7
2
1 5√2
= 2 tan−1 ( ) + tan−1 √( ) −1
3 7
1 1
= 2 tan−1 ( ) + tan−1 ( )
3 7
2
−1 1 3 1
= tan ( 3
1 ) + tan−1 (7) = tan−1 (4) + tan−1 (7)
1−
9
3 1
+ 𝜋
= tan−1 ( 4 7
3 1 ) = tan−1 (1) = = R. H. S.
1− × 4
4 7

53. Putting 𝑥 = cos θ, we get

√1+cos θ−√1−cos θ
L.H.S. = tan−1 { }
√1+cos θ+ √1−cos θ
√2 cos2 (θ/2) −√2 sin2 (θ/2)
= tan−1 { }
√2 cos2(θ/2)+√2 sin2 (θ/2)
−1 cos(θ/2)−sin(θ/2)
= tan {cos(θ/2)+sin(θ/2)}
1−tan(θ/2)
= tan−1 { }
1+tan(θ/2)
[Dividing numerator and denominator by cos(θ/2)]
𝜋 𝜃 𝜋 𝜃
= tan−1 {tan ( − )} = −
4 2 4 2
𝜋 1
= ( − cos −1 𝑥) = R. H. S.
4 2

54. Refer to answer 41.

3
55. We have cos(tan−1 𝑥) = sin (cot −1 )
4
1 1
⇒ cos θ = ⇒ θ = cos −1 ( )
√1+𝑥 2 √1+𝑥 2
3 −1 3
Also, Let cot −1 = β ⇒ sin
4 4
4 4
⇒ sin β = ⇒ β = sin−1
5 5
3
So, cos(tan−1 𝑥) = sin (cot −1 )
4
1 4
⇒ cos (cos −1 ( )) = sin (sin−1 5)
√1+𝑥 2
1 4
⇒ = ⇒ 16 + 16𝑥 2 = 25 ⇒ 𝑥 = ±3/4
√1+𝑥 2 5
Hence, values of 𝑥 are are 3/4, −3/4

56. L.H.S. = cot −1 7 + cot −1 8 + cot −1 18

1 1 1
= tan−1 + tan−1 + tan−1
7 8 18
1 1
+ 1 3 1
= tan−1 ( 7 8
1 1 ) + tan−1 18 = tan−1 11 + tan−1 18
1− ×
7 8

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Inverse Trigonometric Functions P a g e | 39

3 1
+ 65 1
−1
= tan ( 11 18
3 1 ) = tan−1 (195) = tan−1 3
1− ×
11 18
= cot −1 3 = R. H. S.
Hence Proved.

𝑥 √3−3𝑥 2
57. L.H.S. = cos −1 𝑥 + cos −1 { + }
2 2
1 √3
= cos −1 𝑥 + cos −1 { ∙ 𝑥 + ∙ √1 − 𝑥 2 }
2 2
1 1 2
= cos −1 𝑥 + cos −1 { ∙ 𝑥 + √1 + ( ) ∙ √1 − 𝑥 2 }
2 2
1
= cos −1 𝑥 + cos −1 − cos −1 𝑥
2
1 𝜋
= cos −1 = = R. H. S.
2 2

2𝜋
58. tan−1 𝑥 + 2 cot −1 𝑥 =
3
𝜋 −1 −1 2𝜋
⇒ − cot 𝑥 + 2 cot 𝑥=
2 3
−1 2𝜋 𝜋 −1 4𝜋−3𝜋
⇒ cot 𝑥= − ⇒ cot 𝑥=
3 2 6
−1 𝜋 𝜋
⇒ cot 𝑥= ⇒ 𝑥 = cot ⇒ 𝑥 = √3
6 6

3 8
59. L.H.S. = sin−1 + sin−1
5 17
3 8 3 8 2 2
= sin−1 ( √1 − ( ) + √1 − ( ) )
5 17 17 5
3 15 8 4
= sin−1 ( × + × )
5 17 17 5
45 32 77
= sin−1 ( + ) = sin−1 (85)
85 85
77 2 7225−5929
= cos −1 √1 − ( ) = cos −1 √
85 7225
1296 36
= cos −1 √ = cos −1 = R. H. S.
7225 85

1 2𝑥 1−𝑦 2
60. tan [sin−1 ( 2) + cos −1 ( 2)]
2 1+𝑥 1+𝑦
1
= tan ]2 tan−1 𝑥 + 2 tan−1 𝑥 + 2 tan−1 𝑦] = tan(tan−1 𝑥 + tan−1 𝑦)
2
𝑥+𝑦 𝑥+𝑦
= tan {tan−1 ( )} = , 𝑦 > 0 and 𝑥𝑦 < 1
1−𝑥𝑦 1−𝑥𝑦

1 1 1
61. L. H. S. = tan−1 ( ) + tan−1 ( ) + tan−1 ( )
2 5 8
1 1
+ 1
−1
= tan ( 2 5
1 1 ) + tan−1 8
1− ×
2 5

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Inverse Trigonometric Functions P a g e | 40

5+2 1
= tan−1 ( ) + tan−1 8
10−1
7 1
7 1 ( + )
= tan−1 + tan−1 = tan −1
[ 9 8
7 1 ]
9 8 (1−9×8)
56+9 65
= tan−1 ( ) = tan−1 (65)
72−7
𝜋
= tan−1 1 = = R. H. S.
4
3 3
62. Put sin−1 = θ ⇒ sin θ =
4 4
3 2 √7
⇒ cos θ = √1 − ( ) =
4 4
1 3 θ
Now, tan ( sin−1 ) = tan
2 4 2
√7
1−cos θ 1− 4−√7 4−√7
=√ =√ 4
√7
=√ ×
1+cos θ 1+ 1+√7 4−√7
4
4−√7
=
3

𝑎 𝑎−𝑏
63. tan−1 ( ) − tan−1 ( )
𝑏 𝑎+𝑏
𝑎 𝑎−𝑏
−
−1
= tan [ 𝑏 𝑎+𝑏
𝑎 𝑎−𝑏 ]
1+ ∙
𝑏 𝑎+𝑏
𝑎(𝑎+𝑏)−𝑏(𝑎−𝑏)
= tan−1 [ ]
𝑏(𝑎+𝑏)+𝑎(𝑎−𝑏)
𝑎2 +𝑏2 𝜋
= tan−1 [ 2 2] = tan−1 (1) =
𝑎 +𝑏 4

64. Refer to answer 59.

𝜋
65. We have, sin−1 (1 − 𝑥) − 2 sin−1 𝑥 = …(i)
2
𝜋
⇒ sin−1 (1 − 𝑥) = + 2 sin−1 𝑥
2
𝜋
⇒ 1 − 𝑥 = sin ( + 2 sin−1 𝑥)
2
⇒ 1 − 𝑥 = cos 2 sin−1 𝑥) = cos 2θ
Where θ = sin−1 𝑥 ⇒ 1 − 𝑥 = 1 − 2𝑥 2
1
⇒ 𝑥 = 2𝑥 2 ⇒ 𝑥(2𝑥 − 1) = 0 ⇒ 𝑥 = 0,
2
1
For 𝑥 =
2
1 1
L.H.S. of (i) =sin−1 (1 − ) − 2 sin−1
2 2
1 𝜋 𝜋
= − sin−1 = − ≠
2 6 2
1
∴ 𝑥 = is not a solution of (i).
2

Hence, 𝑥 = 0 is the only solution of (i)

cos 𝑥
66. L.H.S. = tan−1 ( )
1+sin 𝑥

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Inverse Trigonometric Functions P a g e | 41

𝜋
sin( −𝑥)
−1 2
= tan ( 𝜋 )
1+cos( 2 −𝑥)
𝜋 𝑥 𝜋 𝑥
1 sin( − ) cos( − )
−1 4 2 4 2
= tan ( 2 𝜋 𝑥 )
2 cos ( 4 −2)
𝜋 𝑥 𝜋 𝑥
= tan−1 (tan ( − )) = − = R. H. S.
4 2 4 2

3 3
67. Let sin−1 = θ and cot −1 = ϕ
5 2
3 3
⇒ sin θ = and cot ϕ =
5 2
3 2
⇒ tan θ = and tan ϕ =
4 3
−1 3 2
∴ θ = tan and ϕ = tan−1
4 3
−1 3 −1 3
Thus, sin + cot
5 2
3 2
3 2 +
= tan−1 ( ) + tan−1 ( ) = tan −1
[ 4 3
3 2 ]
4 3 1= ×
4 3
17
tan−1 ( ) = α (say) …(i)
6
17 6 6
tan α = ⇒ cos α = =
6 √62 +172 5√13
3 3
Now, L.H.S. =cos (sin−1 + cot −1 )
5 2
6
= cos α = = R. H. S.
5√13

68. Refer to answer 41

3 3 8
69. L.H.S. = tan−1 + tan−1 − tan−1
4 5 19
3 3
+ 8
= tan−1 [ 4 5
3 3 ] − tan−1 19
1− ×
4 5
15+12 8
= tan−1 ( ) − tan−1 19
20−9
27 8
27 8 −
= tan−1 ( ) − tan−1 = tan −1
[ 11 19
27 8 ]
11 19 1+ ×
11 19
513−88
= tan−1 ( )
209+216
−1 425 𝜋
= tan ( ) = tan−1 1= = R. H. S.
425 4
70. Refer to answer 63.

71. Refer to answer 50.

3 17
72. L.H.S. = 2 tan−1 ( ) − tan−1 ( )
4 31
3 3 17
= tan−1 ( ) + tan−1 ( ) − tan−1 ( )
4 4 31
3 3
+ 17
−1
= tan ( 4 4
33 ) − tan−1 (31)
1− ∙
44

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Inverse Trigonometric Functions P a g e | 42

24 17
24 17 −
= tan−1 ( ) − tan−1 ( ) = tan −1
( 7 31
24 17 )
7 31 1+ ∙
7 31
24×31−17×7
= tan−1 ( )
7×31+24×17
−1 744−119 625
= tan ( ) = tan−1 ( )
217+408 625
−1 (1) 𝜋
= tan = = R. H. S.
4

2𝑥 2𝑥 𝜋
73. We have, tan−1 ( ) + tan−1 (1−𝑥 2) =
1−𝑥 2 3
−1 1
[∵ cos 𝑥 = tan−1 ]
𝑥
2𝑥 𝜋 2𝑥 𝜋 1
⇒ tan−1 ( )= ⇒ = tan =
1−𝑥 2 6 1−𝑥 2 6 √3
2 2
⇒ 2√3𝑥 = 1 − 𝑥 ⇒ 𝑥 + 2√3𝑥 − 1 = 0
−2√3±√12+4
⇒ 𝑥= = −√3 ± 2
2
⇒ 𝑥 = 2 − √3 (Reject −√3 − 2 as −1 < 𝑥 < 1).
1 2 4
Now L.H.S. = 2 (tan−1 + tan−1 ) = tan−1
4 9 3
1 2
+
= 2 tan−1 ( 4 9
1 2 )
1− ×
4 9
1 1 4
= 2 tan−1 = tan−1 + tan−1 = R. H. S.
2 2 3

75. The given equation is

1
cos(2 sin−1 𝑥) = (𝑥 > 0) …(i)
9
Put sin−1 𝑥 = θ ⇒ 𝑥 = sin θ
1 1
∴ 𝐸𝑞. (1) ⇒ cos 2θ = ⇒ 1 − 2 sin2 θ =
9 9
2 1 8
⇒ 2 sin θ = 1 − =
9 9
2 4 2
⇒ 𝑥 = ⇒𝑥= (∵ 𝑥 > 0)
9 3

76. Putting 𝑥 = tan2 θ, we get

1 1−𝑥 1 1−tan2 θ
𝑅. 𝐻. 𝑆. = cos −1 ( ) = 2 cos −1 (1+tan2 θ)
2 1+𝑥
1 −1 1
= cos (cos 2θ) = × 2θ = θ
2 2
−1
= tan √𝑥 = L. H. S.
[∵ 𝑥 = tan2 θ ⇒ tan θ = √𝑥 ⇒ θ = tan−1 √𝑥]
1 1−𝑥
∴ tan−1 √𝑥 = cos −1 ( )
2 1+𝑥

77. Refer to answer 61.

78. L.H.S. = cos[tan−1 {sin(cot −1 𝑥}]

Let cot −1 𝑥 = θ ⇒ 𝑥 = cot θ ⇒ 𝑥 2 = cot 2 θ

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Inverse Trigonometric Functions P a g e | 43

⇒ 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑠 2 θ − 1 = x62 ⇒ 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 θ = 1 + 𝑥 2

1
⇒ 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐θ = √1 + 𝑥 2 ⇒ sin θ = 2 √1+𝑥
−1 1
Now, 𝐿. 𝐻. 𝑆. = cos (tan ( ))
√1+𝑥 2
1
Let tan−1 ( )=ϕ
√1+𝑥 2
1 1
⇒ = tan ϕ ⇒ = tan2 ϕ
√1+𝑥 2 1+𝑥 2
1 1
⇒ sec 2 ϕ − 1 = ⇒ sec 2 ϕ = 1 +
1+𝑥 2 1+𝑥 2
1 1
⇒ sec 2 ϕ − 1 = ⇒ sec 2 ϕ = 1 +
1+𝑥 2 1+𝑥 2
1+𝑥 2
⇒ 𝐿. 𝐻. 𝑆. = cos ϕ = √ = 𝑅. 𝐻. 𝑆.
2+𝑥 2

2𝑥
79. L.H.S. = tan−1 𝑥 + tan−1 ( )
1−𝑥 2
2𝑥
(𝑥+ ) 𝑥(1−𝑥 2 )+2𝑥
1−𝑥2
= tan−1 [ 𝑥(2𝑥) ] = tan−1 ( (1−𝑥 2)−2𝑥 2 )
(1− )
1−𝑥2
3
𝑥−𝑥 +2𝑥 3𝑥−𝑥 3
= tan−1 ( ) = tan−1 (1−3𝑥 2 ) = R. H. S.
1−𝑥 2 −22

𝑥 𝑥 𝜋
80. tan−1 + tan−1 =
2 3 4
𝑥 𝑥
+ 𝜋 𝑥 𝑥
⇒ tan−1 [ 2 3
𝑥 𝑥 ]= (for 2 ∙ 3 < 1)
1− × 4
2 3
3𝑥+2𝑥 𝜋
⇒ tan−1 ( ) =
6−𝑥 2 4
−1 5𝑥 𝜋 5𝑥 𝜋
⇒ tan (6−𝑥 2) = ⇒ = tan
4 6−𝑥 2 4
5𝑥 2
⇒ = 1 ⇒ 𝑥 + 5𝑥 − 6 = 0
6−𝑥 2
⇒ (𝑥 + 6)(𝑥 − 1) = 0 ⇒ 𝑥 = −6, 𝑥 = 1
But 𝑥 = −6 does not satisfy the equation

∴ 𝑥 = 1 is the only solution.

81. Refer to answer 46.

82. Refer to answer 50.

𝑥 𝜋
83. We have cos −1 𝑥 + sin−1 ( ) =
2 6
−1 𝜋
−1 𝑥
⇒ cos 𝑥 = − sin ( )
6 2
𝜋 −1 𝑥
⇒ 𝑥 = cos ( − sin )
6 2
𝜋 𝑥 𝜋 𝑥
= cos cos (sin−1 ) + sin sin (sin−1 )
6 2 6 2
√3 𝑥2 1 𝑥
⇒ 𝑥= cos (cos −1 √1 − )+2∙2
3 4

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Inverse Trigonometric Functions P a g e | 44

√3 𝑥2 𝑥
⇒ 𝑥= √1 − +
2 4 4
𝑥 √3 𝑥2
⇒ 𝑥− = √1 −
4 2 4
3𝑥 √3 𝑥2 9𝑥 2 3 𝑥2
⇒ = √1 − ⇒ = (1 − )
4 2 4 16 4 4
3𝑥 2 𝑥2 3𝑥 2 𝑥2 4𝑥 2
⇒ =1− ⇒ + =1⇒ =1
4 4 4 4 4
2
⇒ 𝑥 = 1 ∴ 𝑥 = ±1.
4 5 16
84. L. H. S. = sin−1 + sin−1 + sin−1
5 13 65
4 5 16 5 2
= sin−1 ( √1 − ( ) + + sin−1 )
5 13 13 65

4 5 2 5 16
= sin−1 ( √1 − ( ) + + sin−1 )
5 13 13 65
4 12 5 3 16
= sin−1 ( × + × ) + sin−1
5 13 13 5 65
−1 48 15 16
= sin (
65
+
65
) + sin−1 65
−1 63 16
= sin (65) + sin−1 65
63 16 2
= cos −1 (√1 − ( ) ) + sin−1
65 65

[∵ sin−1 𝑥 = cos −1 √1 − 𝑥 2 , ∀𝑜 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 1]
16 16 𝜋
= cos −1 + sin−1 = = R. H. S.
65 65 2

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