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Design and Development of Automatic Sieving Machine for Granular/Powder

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 Recent Trends in Automation and Automobile Engineering
Volume 4 Issue 1

Design and Development of Automatic Sieving Machine for

Granular/Powder Materials
Zahid Hasan1*, Mehedi Hasan Sourov2
Department of Mechanical and Production Engineering, Ahsanullah University of Science
and Technology (AUST), Dhaka, Bangladesh

*Corresponding Author
E-mail Id:-zhshuvo.ipe@aust.edu

ABSTRACT
The term ‘Mechanical Handling of Materials’ is important for loading-unloading and
movement of materials. After discovering wheels and levers, materials have been moving via
mechanical conveyors. In this article, a mechanical device will be introduced which can sieve
and move granular and powder material at a same time. This device is recommended for
construction sights. Sand can be sieved with this machine as sand is both known as powder
and granular according to the diameter of sand particle. This device is normally designed for
the building construction labors of Bangladesh with the construction theme of Screw Conveyor.
The materials of this device have been selected under the consideration of monetary value.
Design of this device has been completed with the help of Solid Works software. The
manufacturing process and material selection process have also been described. The
fabrication of the sieving machine is a prototype of actual product.

Keywords:-Material Handling, Conveyor, Prototype Fabrication, Cost Effective Design,

Product Designing

INTRODUCTION machine can solve many more such

Sand is used mostly for any kind of problems in an instant.
construction. For the purpose building
construction, pure and absolute sand should There are various types of sand sieving
be needed. But almost all kinds of sand machine present at the market. They are too
have some impurities. To solve this heavy as well as bulky. For this reason,
problem sand sieving machine is used. The those machines are not portable at all easily.
working procedure and mechanism of a But this machine is small in size as well as
sand sieving machine are so easy and user very light in weight but performs the same
friendly. Before the invention of this thing that other machines do. The attached
machine, people were sieving sand wheels ensure the mobility of this machine
manually. It was too much time consuming easily. On the other hand, this machine can
that decreased productivity. But this separate in part by part so easily that anyone
machine does the same thing automatically can attach or detach any part easily when
that improves productivity as well as save needed.
time. Sands are put into this machine and
this machine removes all kinds of Objectives
impurities such as small rock, large-grained The objective of this research is to design
particles, coal, clay, and so many things, an automated sieving machine which can be
and finally, you will get the pure and fresh used in the building construction sites for
sand. To improve productivity, ensure the sieving the sands from different impurities.
quality of construction, for saving time, this

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 Recent Trends in Automation and Automobile Engineering
Volume 4 Issue 1

LITERATURE REVIEW Brown and Eisenhardt (1995) organized the

Material handling methods are important in product development into a three steamed
every sector of modern technology. research. Research findings were
Different authors studied different methods synthesized into a successful product
for establishing better material handling designing model [5].
process in different time spans.
Chakraborty & Banik (2006) showed the Considering cost is an important factor for
way to select the necessary material designing and development of new product.
handling equipment by using multi-criteria Marion and Meyer (2011) investigated in
decision making tools [1]. Decision making such a way that new entrepreneurial
problems were broken down to reach in the companies can yield a definitive fund flux
conclusion by using AHP. Onut et al. [6]. Chen and Liu (1999) researched that 3
(2009) discussed Multiple Criteria Decision objectives can be achieved at a same time.
Making for choosing the appropriate They are identifying factors of product
material handling equipment to explore the designing stage, cost effective design and
dueling factors [2]. In that research, FANP, design with computer software. They also
MHE and TOPSIS were employed to cleared that, product life cycle is also
determine the system characteristics and important for the cost effective design [7].
proper system alternatives.
According to the above research studies, the
Osman Kulak (2005) developed the factors authors tried to incorporate the idea of
for the selection of material handling material handling and product designing in
equipments. He used FUMAHES, which is a single skim. A new design has been
a multi-attribute decision making process proposed for the handling and sieving of
[3]. Evaluation for complete and sands in the mini construction sites in cost
incomplete information has also done in his effective way.
research in order to the selection process.
QUALITY FUNCTION
Product development for specific industry DEPLOYMENT
has been researched by Krishnan and Ulrich Quality function deployment (QFD) is an
(2001). Variation in market opportunity is organized way to deal with characterized
necessary. This is also important for the client needs or necessities and addressing
sale of the products. This work combined them into explicit plans of the item,
the operation management and product components, cycles, and creation plan, to
designing in a single phase [4]. such an extent that those requirements are
made. A QFD has been prepared (Figure 1).

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 Recent Trends in Automation and Automobile Engineering
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Figure 1: House of Quality for Sand Sieving Machine

This QFD helped for the planning of the related

design of the product. This also gave the  Portability saves time. That’s why
idea about the competitors who also have relation between portability and time
the same kind of machine. Some major saving is low
relationships between customer and  Lucrative design and cost are highly
technical requirements are given below: related as to increase the aesthetic look
 Relationship between capacity & of the machine, cost increases
physical labor is high because with There are some relations between different
increased capacity it takes less physical technical requirements. They are:
labor o Body weight and capacity have a
 With the increase of body weight the positive relationship because with the
capability of portability decreases increase of capacity body weight also
 By decreasing in body weight, the cost increases.
can be decreased, so they are highly o Capacity and extraction mechanism are

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 Recent Trends in Automation and Automobile Engineering
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highly proportional, because with the  At the time and fabrication, these
increase of capacity the rate of relations were kept under
extraction increases. consideration.
o Body weight and movement
mechanism are negative related. It FUNCTIONAL STRUCTURE
becomes difficult to move the machine DEVELOPMENT
if the machine weight increases. To breakdown the overall process into less
o Rotation mechanism and waste and plain section, functional structure
collection are proportional because the should be decomposed. Normally engineers
waste is collected by rotation. follow this process in order to understand
o The more the machine rotates, the more the functions of the device in detail.
the time saved and so they are
positively related.

Figure 2: Cluster Faction Structure

For developing a product functional Figure 2.

decomposition stage is very important.
Cluster Function Structure shows how the DESIGN ANALYSIS
function and process of this machine works. Design analysis is such an important step to
It also shows the conversion of energy and design and develop a product. A perfect
material. For easily design a product design of a product can ensure the
functional decomposition helped a lot. The perfection of a product. The outlook of the
typical cluster function structure is given in product, the strength and maximum

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 Recent Trends in Automation and Automobile Engineering
Volume 4 Issue 1

capacity of the product, the working mismatch of different parts, size differences
principle, and almost every requirement can and their suitable place to fit is very much
be simulated through design. Different difficult to estimate. But through the design
types of functions, their operating parts, and of the product, this difficult job can be done
their behavior in the real field also can be so easily.
simulated. During assembly of the product

Figure 3: Hopper

All of the significant parts/sub-assemblies o Pedestal Bearing

were designed and assembled to create the o Rear Axle
main machine. The whole process was o Rear Wheels
designed in Solid Works 2018. The final o Caster Wheels
design is given in Figure 3. The important o Main Frame
parts of this machine are: A rotary gear motor is used in this machine
o Hopper to drive the main shaft that is attached to the
o Net net. As this design is a prototype design,
o Net Holder that’s why 0.5HP gear motor is used to
o Main Shaft drive the shaft at a constant speed so that the
o Motor sand does not spread out.

Figure 4: Net

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 Recent Trends in Automation and Automobile Engineering
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Figure 5: Net Holder

Figure 6: Main Shaft

Figure 7: Motor

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 Recent Trends in Automation and Automobile Engineering
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Hopper: There are two hoppers in this sand construction and remove the impurities.
sieving machine (Figure 3). One of them is Net Holder: This part holds the net very
used for inlet the sand and another for the strongly so that the net can sieve the sand
extract the dust and impurities from the perfectly (Figure 5). This part of this
sand. Both are situated on the opposite side machine also extracts the dust and
of the machine. Both are attached with a impurities from the sand through a spiral
strong base with the machine so that they inside it. The total part is made with mild
can carry enough loads. Both of them made still bar.
with light and strong sheet metal. Main Shaft: A strong Stainless Still shaft
Net: The net is the main element of this is situated in the middle of the net and
machine (Figure 4). Net is used as a sieve attached to the motor shaft so that it can
in this machine. This is a stainless Still net transmit the power from the motor and can
that is very strong. The total net is attached rotate the net so that the net can do the job
with a strong frame inside it. The small properly (Figure 6).
holes of the net ensure fresh sand for

Figure 8: Pedestal Bearing

Figure 9: Rear Axle

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 Recent Trends in Automation and Automobile Engineering
Volume 4 Issue 1

Figure 10: Rear Wheel

Figure 11: Caster Wheel

Motor: A rotary gear motor is used in this smoothly.

machine to drive the main shaft that is Rear Axle: This axel is situated at the rear
attached to the net (Figure 7). Here 0.5HP portion of the machine and holds the rear
gear motor is used to drive the shaft at a wheels (Figure 9). It has also a tilted feature
constant speed so that the sand does not so that the machine can tilt on a rough
spread out. surface.
Pedestal Bearing: There are two pedestal Rear Wheels: Two big and strong plastic
bearings situated on the opposite sides of wheels help to move the machine easily
the shaft and attached with the mainframe (Figure 10). Plastic wheels are used
of the machine (Figure 8). These bearings because of the lightweight of plastic.
help to rotate the main shaft easily and

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 Recent Trends in Automation and Automobile Engineering
Volume 4 Issue 1

Figure 12: Main Frame

Figure 13: Proposed Design of the Sand Sieving Machine

Caster Wheels: A pair of lock caster them in their appropriate position. This
wheels is situated at the front of this frame is made with Mild Steel Angle Bar
machine (Figure 11). Lock caster wheels that makes it so rigid and strong (Figure
are used in this machine because this wheel 12).
can lock during the operation of the Final Assembly: The finished and final
machine so that the machine cannot move look of this sand sieving machine after
during operation. designed and assembles all the different
Main Frame: This strong mainframe holds parts together (Figure 13).
all the different parts together and keeps

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 Recent Trends in Automation and Automobile Engineering
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Figure 14: Stress Analysis for Main Frame

Figure 15: Factor of Safety Analysis for Main Frame

Stress analysis was performed on different the highest yield strength that could be
parts. As the overall failure is dependent on applied is 2.669e+07 N/m2. Therefore the
the body part, the stress analysis result is part will not survive. We need to use Factor
given here in Figure 14. Factor of safety has of Safety to prevent the part from failing.
been calculated in Figure 15. The purple
arrows indicate external loads (force) and MATERIAL SELECTION PROCESS
the green arrows show the fixtures. Force If anyone one to unsuitable materials from
applied 300N. The material used is Plain the manufacturing process, material
Carbon Steel, which has yield strength of selection is very much important.
2.206e+08 N/m2 and it is being seen that

Table 1: Qualitative Analysis for Material Selection

Parts Selection Criteria Available Material Selected Material
- Body Frame - Cost - Aluminum - Mild Steel
- Spiral Rod - Tensile Strength - Mild Steel
- Hopper - Density
- Ductility
- Availability
- Hardness
- Main Shaft - Torsional Strength - Mild Steel - Stainless Steel

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- Net - Corrosion Resistance - Stainless Steel

- Tensile Strength
- Ductility
- Hardness
- Wheel - Tensile Strength - Plastic - Plastic
- Resistance to Decay - Mild Steel
- Toughness
- Availably

In case of a new or development or upgrade between the cycle designs and volume
of existing product, it is very much needed. prerequisites is portrayed on an item
The target is to meet the customer demand interaction lattice.
as well as the cost effectiveness. Qualitative
and quantitative are the ways to select the From the material selection process, we
material for any parts of the design. As realize that, the best material for body
example, the material selection process for frame, spiral rod and hopper is mild steel.
body frame is given in Table 1, 2 and 3. Because mild steel can absorb more load.
For the main shaft we use stainless steel
Assembling Process choice alludes to because the corrosion resistance of stainless
choosing the sort of creative interaction to steel is higher. Plastic is used for wheel
have in an assembling plant. The choice of because it can carry the load and it is light
an appropriate assembling measure in weight. For our product, the
regularly includes thinking about the manufacturing process is cutting and
unpredictable coupling between the plan's welding. Disk cutter is used here because its
qualities, the material, and the cycle. The cost is low, needs less time and quality is
interaction picked relies upon the good. We use Arc Welding because the cost
customization of the item and the volume is low and the quality is good.
needed on the lookout. The connection

Table 2: Material Selection for Body Frame Using Digital Logic Method
Selection Goals, N=6 Positive Relative
Criteria Number of Positive Decisions=N(N-1)/2=6(6-1)/2=15 Decisions Emphasis
Coefficient
(α)

Cost 1 0 0 1 1 3 0.2
Density 0 0 1 0 1 0.067
Tensile 1 1 1 1 1 5 0.33
Strength
Ductility 1 1 0 1 1 4 0.267
Availability 0 0 0 0 1 1 0.067
Hardness 0 1 0 0 0 1 0.067
Total Number of positive Decision=15 ∑α = 1

Table 3: Calculation of Performance Index for Body Frame

Weight Mild Steel Aluminum
Selection Criteria Factor Selected Weighted Selected Weighted
α Property Score Property Score
β αβ β αβ
Cost 0.2 100 20 75 15
Density 0.067 34.39 2.3 100 6.7
Tensile Strength 0.33 100 33 72.5 23.9
Ductility 0.267 75 20 100 26.7
Availability 0.067 75 5 100 6.7
Hardness 0.067 100 6.7 50 3.4
Performance Index (γ) ∑αβ=87 ∑αβ=82.4

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 Recent Trends in Automation and Automobile Engineering
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Material selection & Manufacturing machine and took part in customer survey.
process selection is very important for The also appreciates the mechanics who
product design and development. By helped to fabricate the prototype according
material selection process we can to the design.
understand which material is best for our
product. It also helps us to know the REFERENCES
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Manufacturing, vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 1-21,
The authors want to be thankful to the local 1999.
construction labors that helped to gather the
knowledge about the demand of the sieving

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