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INSY 404 Lecture Slide - 3

The document provides an overview of Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) in Python, focusing on class creation, instantiation, and the use of constructors. It explains the syntax for defining classes and methods, the importance of the 'self' argument, and illustrates these concepts with examples. Additionally, it outlines the types of constructors and includes a class assignment related to creating a Book class.

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17 views16 pages

INSY 404 Lecture Slide - 3

The document provides an overview of Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) in Python, focusing on class creation, instantiation, and the use of constructors. It explains the syntax for defining classes and methods, the importance of the 'self' argument, and illustrates these concepts with examples. Additionally, it outlines the types of constructors and includes a class assignment related to creating a Book class.

Uploaded by

oluwatomisin oyaniyi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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By

DR. EZE, M.O.


Department of Computer Science, Babcock University
Ogun State, Nigeria
S/N CONTENT
1. CLASS CREATION

2. OBJECT CREATION

3. INSTANCIATION & METHODS

4. SELF ARGUMENT

5. TYPES OF CONSTRUCTORS

6. __INIT__ METHOD

7. QUESTION
In order to proceed with OOP in Python, one must first

understand how to create a class. In its simplest form, a

Python Class can be created using the keyword class

followed by the name of class, followed by a colon, then a

suite of statements.
SYNTAX
class ClassName:
#Statement Suite
IMPORTANT NOTE:

1. The keyword “class” should be in lower case, while the class name

should start with a capital letter.

2. The statement suite (body of the class) consists of a number of

statement types, ranging from fields (properties), constructors,

functions, pass statements, among others, as will be fully explained.

3. The body of the class starts on a new line, indented one tab from the

left.

4. After creating a class, it has to be instantiated into objects.


ILLUSTRATION 1:

class Employee:
id = 10110
name = “Sogun Dakwambo"

This illustration creates a Python class called Employee, which has two

fields (id and name) for employee id and employee name respectively.
ILLUSTRATION 2:

class Dog:
pass

This illustration creates a Python class called Dog. In this case, the

statement suite is simply a pass statement. This is used in class definition

to indicate that system should do nothing further.


ILLUSTRATION 3:

# Creates class Car


class Car:
In this illustration, we

# create class attributes


create a class named Car
name = "c200"
make = "mercedez"
with three attributes:
model = 2010
name, make, and model.
# create class methods
def start(self):
The car class also
print ("Engine started")
contains two methods:
def stop(self):
print ("Engine switched off")
start() and stop().
Before a programmer can use a class, it has to be instantiated.

It is through this process that an object gets created from a

class. The syntax to create the instance of the class is as

follows:

SYNTAX

ObjectName = ClassName (arguments)


IMPORTANT NOTE:

1. In the syntax statement for creating an object, there may or may not

be arguments. In the absence of arguments, the bracket will be left

empty. Example x = Marathon ( ).


ILLUSTRATION 4:

class Employee:
id = 10
name = "John"

emp = Employee()
emp.name=“Samuel”

This illustration creates a Python object called emp from the class

Employee. Note that emp object inherited the fields (attributes) of the

Employee class. Thus, we have an assignment statement using emp.name.


# A sample method
def fun(self):
print("Hello")

# Driver code
obj = Test()
obj.fun()

ILLUSTRATION 5:

The following code shows a given class with a single method.


for a given class. Here we created a new class called
Example. This is followed by an indented block of statements
which form the body of the class. In this case, we have defined
a single method in the class. Class Definition
# Illustrating a Simple Class.
class Example: Method Definition
# A Simple Method
def test (self):
print (“Hello INSY 404”) Instantiation
# Program Calls
obj=Example( )
obj.test() Executing a Method
As shown in the last illustration:

1. Class methods must have an extra first parameter (known


as self) in the method definition.
2. In real life, the number of parameters in a function
definition must correspond with number of arguments in
function calls. But this is defied in Python.
REAL LIFE FUNCTIONS: PYTHON METHODS

Function Definition: Method Definition:


MathF(Para1, Para2,…ParaN) PythM(Self, Para2,…ParaN)

Function Call: Method Call:


X=MathF(Arg1, Arg2,…ArgN) X=PythM (Arg2,…ArgN)
3. The first parameter is not given value (arguments) during
method calls. It is usually provided internally by Python.
NOTE:
1. Even if a method takes no argument during its call, we still
have to insert one parameter - the self – as shown in the
last illustration test( ).
2. This is similar to this pointer in C++ and this reference in
Java.
3. When you call a method of the object as
myobj.method (arg1, arg2), this is automatically converted
by Python into MyClass.method(myobj, arg1, arg2).
4. This is the self special parameter in Python.
A constructor is defined as a special method used for
initializing the instance variables during object creation. A
Python Constructors is usually implemented using __init__
(self). There are three major types constructors (though some
text books usually recognize only two – numbers 2 and3
below), all to be explained in details at a later section:

2. Non- 3.
1. Default
Parameterized Parameterized
Constructor
Constructor Constructor
In Python, Constructors are implemented using __init__
method. It is run as soon as an object of a class is instantiated.
# A Sample class with init method (demo_init.py)
class Person:

# init method or constructor


def __init__(self, name):
self.name = name

# Sample Method
def greet_you(self):
print(‘Hello, my name is’, self.name)

p = Person(‘Salako’)
p.greet_you ()
CLASS ASSIGNMENT

1. A Book has four chapters, with number of pages as 20, 10, 17


and 21 respectively. Create a Python class known as Book,
with four fields as number of pages in each of the chapters.

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