Diploma in Business Intelligence and

Data Analytics
Data Analytics Fundamentals

by Matrix Institute of Professionals

“ Grow Professionals, Grow Together ”

What is Business Intelligence
What is Business Intelligence
The Data Analyst - Common Tools
 Data
"data" refers to raw facts, figures, or information that is collected,
processed, and analyzed to extract meaningful insights. Data can
come in various forms, including numbers, text, images, videos,
and more. It is the foundation of the entire analytics process and
serves as the input for generating actionable insights.
 Raw Information Collect and Store the Sort Color Counting and
Shapes, sizes, and colors Information (Processing) Observing
Numbers, text, images, and videos (Analysis)

Discover Favourate
Color
(Insight)
 What is Data Analytics ?

Analyze Data Analytics

To find meaning information Similar work. It is process by
from raw data. which useful insight are
extracted from raw data.
 Raw Data to Meaning Insight

Data Analyst
 The Building Blocks of Analysis

Data Information Knowledge

Raw facts and figures, Data that is organized Information that is

like numbers or text, and has context, processed, understood,
without any context making it meaningful and connected to other
and useful information, enabling
informed decision-
making.
 Data - Different Perspectives

Business Technical
Perspective Perspective
Business Perspective
In a retail business, raw data could be the daily sales figures
recorded at each store. From a business perspective, this data
becomes more valuable when organized and analyzed to reveal
trends, such as which products are selling well or in which locations.

Technical Perspective
From a technical standpoint, the same sales data might be stored in
a database, with each transaction recorded in structured tables. The
technical perspective involves considerations such as data storage,
database design, and data processing methods.
 Data, Information, Knowledge, Action

Business Perspective
Technical Perspective Business Perspective

Data Information Knowledge Action

Collecting Organizing Simmarizing Analyzing Decision Making

Employee Salary Dataset
 Employee Salary Dataset
Salary Analysis:
Conduct an analysis of salaries to identify the average salary, salary ranges, and any disparities between departments.

Performance Rating Analysis:

Explore the distribution of performance ratings to identify trends and high-performing departments.
Top Performers:

Departmental Performance:
Analyze the average performance ratings within each department to understand departmental performance trends.

Gender and Performance:

Explore if there are any noticeable patterns or differences in performance ratings between genders.

Salary vs. Performance:

Examine whether there is a correlation between salary and performance ratings.
Type of Data
 Nature of Data

Name as Score on exam

KoKo, SuSu .. eg: 85, 67, 90

Smell eg: The weight of a

aromatic, buttery person or a
subject
Color eg: green, Your shoe size
blue
Nature of Data
 Quantitive Data
Discrete Data:
Example: The number of cars in a parking lot. You can't have a fraction of a car; it's always a whole number like 1, 2, 3, and
so on.

Continuous Data:
Example: The height of a person. It can be any value within a range, like 5.6 feet, 5.62 feet, 5.625 feet, and so on, indicating
that it can take an infinite number of values within that range.

Interval Data:
Example: Temperature measured in Celsius or Fahrenheit. The difference between 20°C and 30°C is the same as the
difference between 30°C and 40°C, but 0°C doesn't mean the absence of temperature - it's just an arbitrary point on the
scale.

Ratio Data:
Example: Income. If someone earns $0, it means they have no income. The ratio of $20,000 to $10,000 is the same as the
ratio of $40,000 to $20,000, indicating a true zero point where the absence of income is represented by zero.
 Qualitative Data
Nominal Data:
Definition: Nominal data is categorical data without any inherent order or ranking among the categories.
Example: Colors of cars (e.g., red, blue, green). The colors themselves have no inherent order or ranking.

Ordinal Data:
Definition: Ordinal data is categorical data with a meaningful order or ranking among the categories, but the intervals
between them are not uniform or meaningful.
Example: Education levels (e.g., high school, college, graduate school). While there is an order (graduate school is a
higher level than college), the difference between high school and college might not be the same as the difference
between college and graduate school.
 Practice

Discrete ? Interval? Ratio? Nominal? Ordinal?

 Practice

Discrete: "Years with the Company" with values like 1, 2, 3 years. Discrete data consists of distinct, separate
values.

Interval: "Satisfaction Score" on a scale of 1 to 100. Interval data has consistent intervals between the
values, but there is no true zero point.

Ratio: "Monthly Salary" with different salary values. Ratio data has a true zero point, and ratios between
values are meaningful.

Nominal: "Department" with different department names (e.g., Sales, Marketing, HR, IT). Nominal data
consists of categories without inherent order.

Ordinal: "Performance Rating" with ratings on a scale from 1 to 5. Ordinal data has a meaningful order, but
the intervals between values may not be uniform.
 Structural Types

Structure Data Semi−Structure Data Unstructured Data

 Temporal Types

Time Series Data

Cross−sectional Data
Common Approach to Decision Making

Tradition
Intuition
Using the relevant data available
 Decision Making Level

Strategic

Tactical

Operational
 Decision Making Process

1 Identify the Problem 5 Evaluate the Alternatives

2 Estiblish Decision Criteria

6 Choose the Best Alternatives

3 Weight Decision Criteria

7 Implement the Decision

Generate Alternatives Evaluate the Decision

4 8
 Case Study: Decision Making Process

Project Title: "Business Expansion Decision"

Objective: The objective of this project is to simulate a decision-making scenario where students
will analyze data and make informed decisions related to a business expansion opportunity.
 Some Business are Operate the Same Way

Strategic
FISH SHOP

NETFLIX
Tactical

Operational
 Hurricane Frances Example

Strategic

Tactical

Operational
 How does a bank assess the
riskiness of the loan.

Amazon know which books

and other product to
recommend you.

Airlines determine what price

to quote to you.
Think about these
siutuation
 Decision Making in
Organization
Fewer top-performing companies (40%) than laggards base the
majority of their business decisions on gut feel or experience
(70%). In other words, more organizations that make data-driven
decisions are at the top of their game than businesses whose
decisions are driven by instinct.
= Data Driven Organization
 Big Data

Velocity

Big Data
Variety
Volume
Volume
Big Data
Thank you!