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Nested Loops

Nested for loops in Python allow iteration over multiple sequences or performing an inner iteration within an outer loop, which is useful for handling multi-dimensional data structures. The document provides examples of printing a 2D matrix, generating all pairs of numbers from two lists, and using conditions within nested loops. It also highlights considerations regarding efficiency and indentation for proper scope definition.

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15 views4 pages

Nested Loops

Nested for loops in Python allow iteration over multiple sequences or performing an inner iteration within an outer loop, which is useful for handling multi-dimensional data structures. The document provides examples of printing a 2D matrix, generating all pairs of numbers from two lists, and using conditions within nested loops. It also highlights considerations regarding efficiency and indentation for proper scope definition.

Uploaded by

visionias62
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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In Python, a nested for loop is a loop inside another loop.

It allows you to iterate


over mul ple sequences, or to iterate over a sequence while performing another
itera on inside it. Nested loops are useful for handling tasks that involve mul -
dimensional data structures, such as lists of lists, matrices, or complex itera on
pa erns.

Syntax:

for outer_variable in outer_sequence:


for inner_variable in inner_sequence:
# Code to be executed
 The outer loop runs once, and for each itera on of the outer loop, the
inner loop runs completely.
 The inner loop can iterate through its en re sequence for each itera on of
the outer loop, which creates a nested structure.
Example 1: Prin ng a 2D matrix
Let’s say you have a list of lists (a 2D matrix), and you want to print each element.

matrix = [
[1, 2, 3],
[4, 5, 6],
[7, 8, 9]
]

for row in matrix: # Outer loop iterates through each row


for element in row: # Inner loop iterates through each element in the row
print(element, end=" ")
print() # To print a new line a er each row
Output:

123
456
789
Example 2: Genera ng all pairs of numbers
In this example, a nested for loop is used to generate all pairs of numbers from
two different lists.

list1 = [1, 2, 3]
list2 = ['a', 'b', 'c']

for num in list1: # Outer loop


for char in list2: # Inner loop
print(num, char)
Output:
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1a
1b
1c
2a
2b
2c
3a
3b
3c
Example 3: Nested loops with condi ons
You can also use condi ons inside nested loops to filter out results based on
specific criteria.

for i in range(1, 4): # Outer loop


for j in range(1, 4): # Inner loop
if i != j:
print(f"i = {i}, j = {j}")
Output:
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i = 1, j = 2
i = 1, j = 3
i = 2, j = 1
i = 2, j = 3
i = 3, j = 1
i = 3, j = 2
Considera ons:
 Efficiency: Nested loops can quickly become inefficient, especially if the
outer and inner loops have a large number of itera ons. The me
complexity grows exponen ally (O(n^2) for two nested loops).
 Indenta on: The inner loop must be indented further than the outer loop
to define the correct scope.

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