REGULATION
OF BODY
TEMPERATURE
Brothers of 3 Abu Bakar
Why Is Regulation of Body
Temperature Important?
To maintain a constant body
temperature, we must regulate
A healthy person is usually able to
the heat gained and the heat lost
maintain his body temperature at 37°C
from the body.
to 39°C despite slight changes
(fluctuations) in the temperature of his
surroundings.
This is important for the optimal
functioning of the body’s enzymes which
are denatured by high temperatures and
made inactive by low temperatures.
Homeostasis in Quran
َكَل
)٧( َد َع َف َك َس َّوٰى َف َك َق َل َخ َّل
ٱ ِذ ى
Who created you, proportioned you,
and balanced you?
Surah Al-Infitar: 7
Thermoreceptors
Thermoreceptors → warm & cold
receptors that detect changes in body
temperature and external temperature.
They are stimulated by heat or cold
(stimuli)
2 Types of
Thermoreceptors
Thermoreceptors in the skin detect
changes in environmental temperature.
Thermoreceptors in the hypothalamus of
the brain detect changes in the blood
temperature as blood flows through it.
Flow of Regulation
Thermoreceptors in
skin detect external
Changes in external Thermoregulatory
Changes in body temperature
temperature centre in
temperature
(surroundings) Thermoreceptors in hypothalamus of brain
hypothalamus detect
blood temperature
Arterioles / Blood Hair & Erector Adrenal Gland & Skeletal
Effectors Sweat glands
Capillaries Muscles Thyroid Gland Muscles
Corrective
Mechanism
Hypothalamus acts as a thermoregulatory
centre to transmit nerve impulses to
various effectors to carry out corrective
mechanism by negative feedback.
S.H.A.R.E
S - Sweat gland
H - Hair
STRUCTURE IN SKIN
A - Arteriole
R - Receptor
E - Erector muscles
Hair
Arteriole Epidermis
Erector muscles
Dermis
Sweat gland
Warm receptors
Cold receptors
HOT COLD
SWEAT GLANDS
The sweat glands are stimulated to
produce more sweat. Heat is The sweat gland is not
absorbed to evaporate sweat, and stimulated. Sweating does
this cools the skin. not happen.
Arterioles
When Hot When Cold
Smooth muscles of
Smooth muscles of arteriole contract
arteriole relax Arterioles in the skin
Arterioles in the skin constrict
dilate (vasodilation) (vasoconstriction)
Allow more blood flow to Less blood flow to the
the skin surface skin surface
More heat is lost to the Less heat is lost to the
external environment Arterioles external environment
through radiation through radiation
HAIR & ERECTOR MUSCLES
Cold Environment Warm Enviroment
Hair erector
Hair erector
Less heat
muscles
muscles relax
Erector muscle Erector muscle are
More heat
lost contract lost
are stimulated so Thick layer of air
Thin layer of air less stimulated so
trapped trapped
they contract they do not
Fine hair stand to constrict
erect the fine hair will
Thick layer of air lower towards the
trapped between skin surface.
the fine hairs act A thin layer of air is
as an insulator. trapped between
Prevent loss of the fine hair.
heat from the Heat can be
skin released quickly
Skeletal muscle
Contract and relax
Contract and relax The body will shiver
less Constriction of muscle
The body does not need energy
shiver Heat is generated and
body temperature
increase
Adrenal glands
Adrenal glands less stimulated Adrenal glands more stimulated to
to secrete adrenaline secrete more adrenaline
Metabolic rate decrease Metabolic rate increase
Rate of respiration decreases Rate of respiration increases
Conversion of glycogen to Conversion of glycogen to glucose
glucose become slow become faster
Less heat produced Oxidation of glucose releases heat
Body temperature increase
Thyroxine - controls how
Thyroid Gland much energy your body uses
Sensory Input Process Response
Temperature rise / drop In hot temperature, metabolic rate
detected by thermoreceptor secretion of thyoxine
heat generated
in skin and hypothalamus decreased and vice versa
and vice versa
Essay Questions !!
Beyoncé enters a conference room to attend a meeting
for 2 hours. The air conditioner is on at full blast and
the room temperature is 16°C. Explain how her body
carries out homeostasis to regulate the changes in her
body temperature. (10 marks)
