This lecture covers the structure and function of cells, including the cell membrane, nucleus, and various organelles. Key topics include the roles of mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes, and lysosomes in cellular processes. By the end of the lecture, students should be able to identify and explain the functions of these cellular components.
This lecture covers the structure and function of cells, including the cell membrane, nucleus, and various organelles. Key topics include the roles of mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes, and lysosomes in cellular processes. By the end of the lecture, students should be able to identify and explain the functions of these cellular components.
This lecture covers the structure and function of cells, including the cell membrane, nucleus, and various organelles. Key topics include the roles of mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes, and lysosomes in cellular processes. By the end of the lecture, students should be able to identify and explain the functions of these cellular components.
This lecture covers the structure and function of cells, including the cell membrane, nucleus, and various organelles. Key topics include the roles of mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes, and lysosomes in cellular processes. By the end of the lecture, students should be able to identify and explain the functions of these cellular components.
Nursing Program Lecture : Cell structures function
Dr : Hidi Azmy El Tahawy Date : 9/2 /2025
Lecture Objectives By the end of this lecture the student will be able to: 1. Overview the structure & function of the cell. 2. Identify different organelles of the cell and their function 3. Identify the cell membrane structure & function. 4. Recognize the function of the different cell organelles Cell structure ➢ A cell is the smallest unit that is capable of performing life functions -Structures common to most cells: • Cell membrane The outer boundary of the cell. • Nucleus (only in eukaryotes) controls the center of the cell. • Cytoplasm The material between the cell membrane & nucleus. Cell structure A. Cell membrane It is the outer membrane of the cell, and it is formed of lipid bilayer (basic unit is phospholipids) Proteins attached to the surface of lipid bilayer and act as channels and pumps through which molecules can pass. Carbohydrates attached to proteins or lipids on membrane surface. They play key role in cell- cell recognition Cell structure
Function of cell membrane
1. Cell protection and support 2. Regulation of transport in and out of cell( selective permeability) 3. Allow cell recognition B. Cytoplasm It is an aqueous phase in which all the cytoplasmic organelles are suspended. • Many proteins and solutes are found in it. Cell structure C. Nucleus It is a spherical body. It directs the cell activities as it contains genetic material (DNA) It contains a nucleolus that contains RNA and proteins. It is separated from the cytoplasm by the nuclear membrane. The most important component of the nucleus is the chromatin ( The DNA is associated with proteins called histones). During cell division, chromatin gets organized into chromosomes, which will be equally distributed to each daughter cell. Cell Organelles An organelle is a tiny cell structure that performs a specialized function within the cell. 1. Mitochondria largest organelles in the cytoplasm. • They are considered the powerhouses of the cell because energy is released as ATP from reactions that take place in it. • It is surrounded by an outer membrane and an inner membrane. Cell Organelles 2. Endoplasmic Reticulum • This is a complex system of membranes present in the cytoplasm. • They are of two types: (1) smooth ER without any attached particles contains enzymes for phospholipid synthesis and (2)rough (granular) ER with spherical particles called ribosomes so it is involved in the synthesis of proteins Cell Organelles 3.Ribosomes “Protein Factories” • They are the smallest organelles in which proteins are made, they are composed of RNA & protein, and it can be attached to ER membranes while others are free in the cytoplasm. • free: makes proteins for use within the cell • attached to ER: makes proteins for export out of the cell. Cell Organelles 4. Lysosomes “Cleanup Crews”
They contain chemicals & enzymes necessary for digesting certain
materials in the cell. • Transport undigested material to the cell membrane for removal • Cell breaks down if lysosome explodes.
