Mstering Python Cocept and Coding

1. What is Python? List some popular applications of Python in the world of technology.
Python is a widely-used general-purpose, high-level programming language. It was created

by Guido van Rossum in 1991 and further developed by the Python Software Foundation.
It was designed with an emphasis on code readability, and its syntax allows programmers
to express their concepts in fewer lines of code.
It is used for:
• System Scripting
• Web Development
• Game Development
• Software Development
• Complex Mathematics
2. What are the benefits of using Python language as a tool in the present scenario?
The following are the benefits of using Python language:
• Object-Oriented Language
• High-Level Language
• Dynamically Typed language
• Extensive support Libraries
• Presence of third-party modules
• Open source and community development
• Portable and Interactive
• Portable across Operating systems
3. Is Python a compiled language or an interpreted language?
Actually, Python is a partially compiled language and partially interpreted language. The
compilation part is done first when we execute our code and this will generate byte code
internally this byte code gets converted by the Python virtual machine(p.v.m) according to
the underlying platform(machine+operating system).
4. What does the ‘#’ symbol do in Python?
‘#’ is used to comment on everything that comes after on the line.
5. What is the difference between a Mutable datatype and an Immutable data type?
Mutable data types can be edited i.e., they can change at runtime. Eg – List, Dictionary,
etc.
Immutable data types can not be edited i.e., they can not change at runtime. Eg – String,
Tuple, etc.
6. How are arguments passed by value or by reference in Python?
Everything in Python is an object and all variables hold references to the objects. The
reference values are according to the functions; as a result, you cannot change the value of
the references. However, you can change the objects if it is mutable.
7. What is the difference between a Set and Dictionary?
The set is an unordered collection of data types that is iterable, mutable and has no
duplicate elements.
A dictionary in Python is an ordered collection of data values, used to store data values
like a map.
8. What is List Comprehension? Give an Example.
List comprehension is a syntax construction to ease the creation of a list based on existing
iterable.
For Example:
my_list = [i for i in range(1, 10)]
9. What is a lambda function?
A lambda function is an anonymous function. This function can have any number of
parameters but, can have just one statement. For Example:
a = lambda x, y : x*y
print(a(7, 19))
10. What is a pass in Python?
Pass means performing no operation or in other words, it is a placeholder in the
compound statement, where there should be a blank left and nothing has to be written
there.
11. What is the difference between / and // in Python?
/ represents precise division (result is a floating point number) whereas // represents floor
division (result is an integer). For Example:
5//2 = 2
5/2 = 2.5
12. How is Exceptional handling done in Python?
There are 3 main keywords i.e. try, except, and finally which are used to catch exceptions
and handle the recovering mechanism accordingly. Try is the block of a code that is
monitored for errors. Except block gets executed when an error occurs.
The beauty of the final block is to execute the code after trying for an error. This block gets
executed irrespective of whether an error occurred or not. Finally, block is used to do the
required cleanup activities of objects/variables.
13. What is swapcase function in Python?
It is a string’s function that converts all uppercase characters into lowercase and vice
versa. It is used to alter the existing case of the string. This method creates a copy of the
string which contains all the characters in the swap case. For Example:
string = "GeeksforGeeks"
string.swapcase() ---> "gEEKSFORgEEKS"
14. Difference between for loop and while loop in Python
The “for” Loop is generally used to iterate through the elements of various collection types
such as List, Tuple, Set, and Dictionary. Developers use a “for” loop where they have both
the conditions start and the end. Whereas, the “while” loop is the actual looping feature
that is used in any other programming language. Programmers use a Python while loop
where they just have the end conditions.
15. Can we Pass a function as an argument in Python?
Yes, Several arguments can be passed to a function, including objects, variables (of the
same or distinct data types), and functions. Functions can be passed as parameters to
other functions because they are objects. Higher-order functions are functions that can
take other functions as arguments.
To read more, refer to the article: Passing function as an argument in Python
16. What are *args and *kwargs?
To pass a variable number of arguments to a function in Python, use the special
syntax *args and **kwargs in the function specification. It is used to pass a variable-length,
keyword-free argument list. By using the *, the variable we associate with the * becomes
iterable, allowing you to do operations on it such as iterating over it and using higher-
order operations like map and filter.
17. Is Indentation Required in Python?
Yes, indentation is required in Python. A Python interpreter can be informed that a group
of statements belongs to a specific block of code by using Python indentation.
Indentations make the code easy to read for developers in all programming languages but
in Python, it is very important to indent the code in a specific order.
18. What is Scope in Python?
The location where we can find a variable and also access it if required is called the scope
of a variable.
• Python Local variable: Local variables are those that are initialized within a function
and are unique to that function. It cannot be accessed outside of the function.
• Python Global variables: Global variables are the ones that are defined and
declared outside any function and are not specified to any function.
• Module-level scope: It refers to the global objects of the current module accessible
in the program.
• Outermost scope: It refers to any built-in names that the program can call. The
name referenced is located last among the objects in this scope.
19. What is docstring in Python?
Python documentation strings (or docstrings) provide a convenient way of associating
documentation with Python modules, functions, classes, and methods.
• Declaring Docstrings: The docstrings are declared using ”’triple single quotes”’ or
“””triple double quotes””” just below the class, method, or function declaration.
All functions should have a docstring.
• Accessing Docstrings: The docstrings can be accessed using the __doc__ method of
the object or using the help function.
20. What is a dynamically typed language?
Typed languages are the languages in which we define the type of data type and it will be
known by the machine at the compile-time or at runtime. Typed languages can be
classified into two categories:
• Statically typed languages: In this type of language, the data type of a variable is
known at the compile time which means the programmer has to specify the data
type of a variable at the time of its declaration.
• Dynamically typed languages: These are the languages that do not require any pre-
defined data type for any variable as it is interpreted at runtime by the machine
itself. In these languages, interpreters assign the data type to a variable at runtime
depending on its value.
21. What is a break, continue, and pass in Python?
The break statement is used to terminate the loop or statement in which it is present.
After that, the control will pass to the statements that are present after the break
statement, if available.
Continue is also a loop control statement just like the break statement. continue
statement is opposite to that of the break statement, instead of terminating the loop, it
forces to execute the next iteration of the loop.
Pass means performing no operation or in other words, it is a placeholder in the
compound statement, where there should be a blank left and nothing has to be written
there.
22. What are Built-in data types in Python?
The following are the standard or built-in data types in Python:
• Numeric: The numeric data type in Python represents the data that has a numeric
value. A numeric value can be an integer, a floating number, a Boolean, or even a
complex number.
• Sequence Type: The sequence Data Type in Python is the ordered collection of
similar or different data types. There are several sequence types in Python:
o Python String
o Python List
o Python Tuple
o Python range
• Mapping Types: In Python, hashable data can be mapped to random objects using
a mapping object. There is currently only one common mapping type, the
dictionary, and mapping objects are mutable.
o Python Dictionary
• Set Types: In Python, a Set is an unordered collection of data types that is iterable,
mutable, and has no duplicate elements. The order of elements in a set is
undefined though it may consist of various elements.
23. How do you floor a number in Python?
The Python math module includes a method that can be used to calculate the floor of a
number.
• floor() method in Python returns the floor of x i.e., the largest integer not greater
than x.
• Also, The method ceil(x) in Python returns a ceiling value of x i.e., the smallest
integer greater than or equal to x.
Intermediate Python Interview Questions
24. What is the difference between xrange and range functions?
range() and xrange() are two functions that could be used to iterate a certain number of
times in for loops in Python. In Python 3, there is no xrange, but the range function
behaves like xrange in Python 2.
• range() – This returns a list of numbers created using the range() function.
• xrange() – This function returns the generator object that can be used to display
numbers only by looping. The only particular range is displayed on demand and
hence called lazy evaluation.
25. What is Dictionary Comprehension? Give an Example
Dictionary Comprehension is a syntax construction to ease the creation of a dictionary
based on the existing iterable.
For Example: my_dict = {i:i+7 for i in range(1, 10)}
26. Is Tuple Comprehension? If yes, how, and if not why?
(i for i in (1, 2, 3))
Tuple comprehension is not possible in Python because it will end up in a generator, not a
tuple comprehension.
27. Differentiate between List and Tuple?

Let’s analyze the differences between List and Tuple:
List
• Lists are Mutable datatype.
• Lists consume more memory
• The list is better for performing operations, such as insertion and deletion.
• The implication of iterations is Time-consuming
Tuple
• Tuples are Immutable datatype.
• Tuple consumes less memory as compared to the list
• A Tuple data type is appropriate for accessing the elements
• The implication of iterations is comparatively Faster
28. What is the difference between a shallow copy and a deep copy?
Shallow copy is used when a new instance type gets created and it keeps values that are
copied whereas deep copy stores values that are already copied.
A shallow copy has faster program execution whereas a deep copy makes it slow.
29. Which sorting technique is used by sort() and sorted() functions of python?
Python uses the Tim Sort algorithm for sorting. It’s a stable sorting whose worst case is
O(N log N). It’s a hybrid sorting algorithm, derived from merge sort and insertion sort,
designed to perform well on many kinds of real-world data.
30. What are Decorators?
Decorators are a very powerful and useful tool in Python as they are the specific change
that we make in Python syntax to alter functions easily.
31. How do you debug a Python program?
By using this command we can debug a Python program:
$ python -m pdb python-script.py
32. What are Iterators in Python?
In Python, iterators are used to iterate a group of elements, containers like a list. Iterators
are collections of items, and they can be a list, tuples, or a dictionary. Python iterator
implements __itr__ and the next() method to iterate the stored elements. We generally
use loops to iterate over the collections (list, tuple) in Python.
33. What are Generators in Python?
In Python, the generator is a way that specifies how to implement iterators. It is a normal
function except that it yields expression in the function. It does not implement __itr__ and
next() method and reduces other overheads as well.
If a function contains at least a yield statement, it becomes a generator. The yield keyword
pauses the current execution by saving its states and then resumes from the same when
required.
34. Does Python supports multiple Inheritance?
Python does support multiple inheritances, unlike Java. Multiple inheritances mean that a
class can be derived from more than one parent class.
35. What is Polymorphism in Python?
Polymorphism means the ability to take multiple forms. So, for instance, if the parent class
has a method named ABC then the child class also can have a method with the same name
ABC having its own parameters and variables. Python allows polymorphism.
36. Define encapsulation in Python?
Encapsulation means binding the code and the data together. A Python class is an example
of encapsulation.
37. How do you do data abstraction in Python?
Data Abstraction is providing only the required details and hides the implementation from
the world. It can be achieved in Python by using interfaces and abstract classes.
38. How is memory management done in Python?
Python uses its private heap space to manage the memory. Basically, all the objects and
data structures are stored in the private heap space. Even the programmer can not access
this private space as the interpreter takes care of this space. Python also has an inbuilt
garbage collector, which recycles all the unused memory and frees the memory and makes
it available to the heap space.
39. How to delete a file using Python?
We can delete a file using Python by following approaches:
• os.remove()
• os.unlink()
40. What is slicing in Python?
Python Slicing is a string operation for extracting a part of the string, or some part of a list.
With this operator, one can specify where to start the slicing, where to end, and specify
the step. List slicing returns a new list from the existing list.
Syntax: Lst[ Initial : End : IndexJump ]
41. What is a namespace in Python?
A namespace is a naming system used to make sure that names are unique to avoid
naming conflicts.
Advanced Python Interview Questions & Answers
42. What is PIP?
PIP is an acronym for Python Installer Package which provides a seamless interface to
install various Python modules. It is a command-line tool that can search for packages over
the internet and install them without any user interaction.
43. What is a zip function?
Python zip() function returns a zip object, which maps a similar index of multiple
containers. It takes an iterable, converts it into an iterator and aggregates the elements
based on iterables passed. It returns an iterator of tuples.
44. What are Pickling and Unpickling?
The Pickle module accepts any Python object and converts it into a string representation
and dumps it into a file by using the dump function, this process is called pickling. While
the process of retrieving original Python objects from the stored string representation is
called unpickling.
45. What is monkey patching in Python?
In Python, the term monkey patch only refers to dynamic modifications of a class or
module at run-time.
# g.py
class GeeksClass:
def function(self):
print "function()"
import m
def monkey_function(self):
print "monkey_function()"
m.GeeksClass.function = monkey_function
obj = m.GeeksClass()
obj.function()
46. What is __init__() in Python?
Equivalent to constructors in OOP terminology, __init__ is a reserved method in Python
classes. The __init__ method is called automatically whenever a new object is initiated.
This method allocates memory to the new object as soon as it is created. This method can
also be used to initialize variables.
47. Write a code to display the current time?
import time
currenttime= time.localtime(time.time())
print (“Current time is”, currenttime)
48. What are Access Specifiers in Python?
Python uses the ‘_’ symbol to determine the access control for a specific data member or a
member function of a class. A Class in Python has three types of Python access modifiers:
• Public Access Modifier: The members of a class that are declared public are easily
accessible from any part of the program. All data members and member functions
of a class are public by default.
• Protected Access Modifier: The members of a class that are declared protected are
only accessible to a class derived from it. All data members of a class are declared
protected by adding a single underscore ‘_’ symbol before the data members of
that class.
• Private Access Modifier: The members of a class that are declared private are
accessible within the class only, the private access modifier is the most secure
access modifier. Data members of a class are declared private by adding a double
underscore ‘__’ symbol before the data member of that class.
49. What are unit tests in Python?
Unit Testing is the first level of software testing where the smallest testable parts of the
software are tested. This is used to validate that each unit of the software performs as
designed. The unit test framework is Python’s xUnit style framework. The White Box
Testing method is used for Unit testing.
50. Python Global Interpreter Lock (GIL)?
Python Global Interpreter Lock (GIL) is a type of process lock that is used by Python
whenever it deals with processes. Generally, Python only uses only one thread to execute
the set of written statements. The performance of the single-threaded process and the
multi-threaded process will be the same in Python and this is because of GIL in Python.
We can not achieve multithreading in Python because we have a global interpreter lock
that restricts the threads and works as a single thread.
51. What are Function Annotations in Python?
Function Annotation is a feature that allows you to add metadata to function parameters
and return values. This way you can specify the input type of the function parameters and
the return type of the value the function returns.
Function annotations are arbitrary Python expressions that are associated with various
parts of functions. These expressions are evaluated at compile time and have no life in
Python’s runtime environment. Python does not attach any meaning to these annotations.
They take life when interpreted by third-party libraries, for example, mypy.
52. What are Exception Groups in Python?
The latest feature of Python 3.11, Exception Groups. The ExceptionGroup can be handled
using a new except* syntax. The * symbol indicates that multiple exceptions can be
handled by each except* clause.
ExceptionGroup is a collection/group of different kinds of Exception. Without creating
Multiple Exceptions we can group together different Exceptions which we can later fetch
one by one whenever necessary, the order in which the Exceptions are stored in the
Exception Group doesn’t matter while calling them.
Python
try:
raise ExceptionGroup('Example ExceptionGroup', (
TypeError('Example TypeError'),
ValueError('Example ValueError'),
KeyError('Example KeyError'),
AttributeError('Example AttributeError')
))
except* TypeError:
...
except* ValueError as e:
...
except* (KeyError, AttributeError) as e:
...
53. What is Python Switch Statement
From version 3.10 upward, Python has implemented a switch case feature called
“structural pattern matching”. You can implement this feature with the match and case
keywords. Note that the underscore symbol is what you use to define a default case for
the switch statement in Python.
Note: Before Python 3.10 Python doesn’t support match Statements.
Python
match term:
case pattern-1:
action-1
case pattern-2:
action-2
case pattern-3:
action-3
case _:
action-default
54. What is Walrus Operator?
The Walrus Operator allows you to assign a value to a variable within an expression. This
can be useful when you need to use a value multiple times in a loop, but don’t want to
repeat the calculation.
The Walrus Operator is represented by the `:=` syntax and can be used in a variety of
contexts including while loops and if statements.
Note: Python versions before 3.8 doesn’t support Walrus Operator.
Python
names = ["Jacob", "Joe", "Jim"]
if (name := input("Enter a name: ")) in names:

print(f"Hello, {name}!")
else:
print("Name not found.")
Python Coding Questions on Numbers
1. Write a program to reverse an integer in Python.
Here’s one way to reverse an integer in Python:
n = int(input("Please enter a number: "))
print("Before reverse:", n)
reverse = 0
while n != 0:
reverse = reverse * 10 + n % 10
n = n // 10
print("After reverse:", reverse
This code takes an input from the user and stores it in the variable n. Then, it prints the original
number n. After that, it initializes a variable reverse to 0 and uses a while loop to continuously add
the last digit of n to reverse while also updating n to be the integer division of n by 10, until n
becomes zero. Finally, it prints the reversed number.
Output:
Please enter a number: 5642
Before reverse: 5642
After reverse: 2456
2. Write a program in Python to check whether an integer is Armstrong number or not.
What is Armstrong Number?
• It is a number which is equal to the sum of cube of its digits.
• For eg: 153, 370 etc.
Lets see it practically by calculating it,
Suppose I am taking 153 for an example
First calculate the cube of its each digits
1^3 = (1*1*1) = 1
5^3 = (5*5*5) = 125
3^3= (3*3*3) = 27
Now add the cube
1+125+27 = 153
It means 153 is an Armstrong number.

Program to check a number is Armstrong or not in python programming language:
i=0
result = 0
number1 = n
temp = n
while n != 0:
n = n // 10
i += 1
while number1 != 0:
n = number1 % 10
result += pow(n, i)
number1 = number1 // 10
if temp == result:
print("The number is an Armstrong number")
else:
print("The number is not an Armstrong number
This code takes an input from the user and stores it in the variable n. Then, it initializes two variables
i and result to 0 and creates a copy of n in the variable number1 and temp.
The first while loop calculates the number of digits in n by repeatedly dividing n by 10 until it
becomes zero, and increments i by 1 for each iteration.
The second while loop calculates the sum of each digit of n raised to the power of i. It does this by
first finding the last digit of number1 using the modulus operator and adding the result of raising it to
the power of i to result. Then, it updates number1 to be the integer division of number1 by 10, until
number1 becomes zero.
Finally, the code checks if temp is equal to result. If they are equal, it prints “The number is an
Armstrong number”. Otherwise, it prints “The number is not an Armstrong number”.
If you entered 245 as the input, the code would produce the following output:
The number is not an Armstrong number
The number 245 is not an Armstrong number because 2^3 + 4^3 + 5^3 ≠ 245.
3. Write a program in Python to check given number is prime or not.
What is prime number?

In Mathematical term, A prime number is a number which can be divided by only 1 and number
itself.
For example : 2, 3, 5, 7, 13,…
Here 2, 3 or any of the above number can only be divided by 1 or number itself.
How our program will behave?
Suppose if someone gives an input 2 then our program should give output “given number is a prime
number”.
And if someone gives 4 as an input then our program should give output “given number is not a
prime number”.
Python program to check given number is prime or not:
temp = 0
for i in range(2, n//2):
if n % i == 0:
temp = 1
break
if temp == 1:
print("The given number is not a prime number")
else:
print("The given number is a prime number"
Output:
The given number is a prime number
The number 7 is a prime number because it is only divisible by 1 and itself, so the for loop wouldn’t
find any numbers in the range 2 to 7//2 = 3 that divide 7 evenly.
4.Write a program in Python to print the Fibonacci series using iterative method.
What is Fibonacci Series?
A Fibonacci series is a series in which next number is a sum of previous two numbers.
For example : 0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8 ……
In Fibonacci Series, first number starts with 0 and second is with 1 and then its grow like,
1
0+1=1
1+1=2
1+2=3
2 + 3 = 5 and
so on…
Suppose if someone gives an input 5 then our program should print first 5 numbers of the series.
Like if someone given 5 as a input then our Fibonacci series which is written in C should print output
as,
0, 1, 1, 2, 3
Python program to print Fibonacci series program in using Iterative methods:
first, second = 0, 1
n = int(input("Please enter a number to generate the Fibonacci series: "))
print("The Fibonacci series is:")
for i in range(0, n):
if i <= 1:
result = i
else:
result = first + second
first = second
second = result
print(result
Output:
Please enter a number to generate the Fibonacci series: 7
The Fibonacci series is:
3
5
The code generates the Fibonacci series up to the 7th term, which are the first 7 numbers in the
Fibonacci sequence: 0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, and 8.
5. Write a program in Python to print the Fibonacci series using recursive method.
Python program to print Fibonacci series using recursive methods:
def fibonacci(num):
if num == 0:
return 0
elif num == 1:
return 1
else:
return fibonacci(num-1) + fibonacci(num-2)
n = int(input("Please enter a number to generate the Fibonacci series: "))
print("The Fibonacci series is:")
for i in range(0, n):
print(fibonacci(i))
Output:
Please enter a number to generate the Fibonacci series: 5
The Fibonacci series is:
The code generates the Fibonacci series up to the 5th term, which are the first 5 numbers in the
Fibonacci sequence: 0, 1, 1, 2, and 3.
6. Write a program in Python to check whether a number is palindrome or not using iterative
method.
What is Palindrome Number?

A Palindrome number is a number which reverse is equal to the original number means number
itself.
For example : 121, 111, 1223221, etc.
In the above example you can see that 121 is a palindrome number. Because reverse of the 121 is
same as 121.
Suppose if someone gives an input 121 then our program should print “the given number is a
palindrome”.
And if someone given input 123 the our program should print “the given number is not a palindrome
number”.
Python program for palindrome number using iterative method
temp = n
# reverse the number
reverse = 0
while temp != 0:
reverse = reverse * 10 + temp % 10
temp = temp // 10
# check if the number is a palindrome
if reverse == n:
print("The number is a palindrome.")
else:
print("The number is not a palindrome.")
Output:
The number is a palindrome.
The code first stores the entered number in the temp variable and initializes reverse to 0. Then, it
uses a while loop to reverse the number. If the reversed number is equal to the original number, then
the code prints “The number is a palindrome”. If the reversed number is not equal to the original
number, then the code prints “The number is not a palindrome”.
7. Write a program in Python to check whether a number is palindrome or not using recursive
method.
Python program for palindrome number using recursive method

def reverse(num):
if num < 10:
return num
else:
return int(str(num % 10) + str(reverse(num // 10)))
def is_palindrome(num):
if num == reverse(num):
return True
else:
return False
if is_palindrome(n):
print("The number is a palindrome.")
else:
print("The number is not a palindrome.
Output: If you enter 535 as the input, the output will be:
The number is a palindrome.
8. Write a program in Python to find greatest among three integers.
Suppose if someone give 3 numbers as input 12, 15 and 10 then our program should return 15 as a
output because 15 is a greatest among three.
Python program to find greatest of three numbers
n1 = int(input("Please enter the first number (n1): "))
n2 = int(input("Please enter the second number (n2): "))
n3 = int(input("Please enter the third number (n3): "))
if n1 >= n2 and n1 >= n3:
print("n1 is the greatest")
elif n2 >= n1 and n2 >= n3:
else:

Output:
If you enter 20, 30, and 10 as the inputs for n1, n2, and n3 respectively, the output will be:
Please enter the first number: 20
Please enter the second number: 30
Please enter the third number: 10
n2 is the greatest
9. Write a program in Python to check if a number is binary?
In the below program if someone give any input in 0 and 1 format then our program will run and give
output as given number is in binary format.
And if someone give another number different from 0 and 1 like 2, 3 or any other then our program
will give output as given number is not in a binary format.
Program to check given number representation is in binary or not:
def is_binary(num):
while num > 0:
digit = num % 10
if digit not in [0, 1]:
return False
num = num // 10
return True
num = int(input("Please enter a number: "))
if is_binary(num):
print("The number is binary.")
else:
print("The number is not binary.")
Output:
Please enter a number:12345
num is not binary
10. Write a program in Python to find sum of digits of a number using recursion?
def sum_of_digits(num):
if num<10:
return num
else:
return (num%10) + sum_of_digits(num//10)
number = int(input("Enter a number: "))
print("Sum of digits of the number is: ", sum_of_digits(number))
Output:
If you enter 10 as the input, the output would be:
Enter a number: 10
Sum of digits of the number is: 1
11. Write a program in Python to swap two numbers without using third variable?
The swapping program without using third variable we will assign two different value to the different
variables.
Python program to swap two number without using third variable
a = int(input("please give first number a: "))
b = int(input("please give second number b: "))
a=a-b
b=a+b
a=b-a
print("After swapping")
print("value of a is : ", a);
print("value of b is : ", b);
Output:
If the input is a=5 and b=7,
After swapping
value of a is : 7
value of b is : 5
12. Write a program in Python to swap two numbers using third variable?
Swapping of two numbers using third variable in Python language
a = int(input("please give first number a: "))
b = int(input("please give second number b: "))
tempvar=a
a=b
b=tempvar
print("After swapping")
print("value of a is : ", a);
print("value of b is : ", b);
Output:
If the input is “10”, “20”, the output will be:
After swapping
value of a is : 20
value of b is : 10
13. Write a program in Python to find prime factors of a given integer.
Finding prime factors of a given integer:
def prime_factors(num):
i=2
factors = []
while i * i <= num:
if num % i:
i += 1
else:
num //= i
factors.append(i)
if num > 1:
factors.append(num)
return factors
num = int(input("Enter a number: "))
result = prime_factors(num)
print("The prime factors of", num, "are: ", result)
Output:
Enter a number: 20
The prime factors of 20 are: [2, 2, 5].
14. Write a program in Python to add two integer without using arithmetic operator?
This program will take two number as a Input. And After performing some operation as per program,
it will return addition.
Suppose if we give input 35 and 20. Our program will return 55 as an output without using of an
addition operator.
Below is a program to add two numbers without using + operator in Java
import java.util.Scanner;
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] arg) {
int x, y;
Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Please give first number: ");
x = sc.nextInt();
System.out.print("Please give second number: ");
y = sc.nextInt();
while (y != 0) {
int temp = x & y;
x = x ^ y;
y = temp << 1;
System.out.println("Sum = " + x);
Output:
Please give first number: 20
Please give second number: 10
Sum = 30;
15. Write a program in Python to find given number is perfect or not?
What is Perfect Number?
A perfect number is a positive integer that is equal to the sum of its positive divisors, excluding the
number itself.
Lets understand it with example
6 is a positive number and its divisor is 1,2,3 and 6 itself.
But we should not include 6 as by the definition of perfect number.
Lets add its divisor excluding itself
1+2+3 = 6 which is equal to number itself.

It means 6 is a Perfect Number.
Below is a program to check a given number is perfect or not in Python
num = int(input("please give first number a: "))
sum=0
for i in range(1,(num//2)+1):
remainder = num % i
if remainder == 0:
sum = sum + i
if sum == num:
print("given no. is perfect number")
else:
print("given no. is not a perfect number")
Output:
please give first number a: 6
given no. is perfect number
please give first number a: 8
given no. is not a perfect number
16. Python Program to find the Average of numbers with explanations
The average of a set of numbers is simply the sum of the numbers divided by the total count of
numbers.
Here’s an example of a Python program to calculate the average of a set of numbers:
size=int(input("Enter the number of elements you want in array: "))
arr=[]
#taking input of the list
for i in range(0,size):
elem=int(input("Please give value for index "+str(i)+": "))
arr.append(elem)
#taking average of the elements of the list
avg=sum(arr)/size
print("Average of the array elements is ",avg)
Explanations:
• Define a function average that takes a list of numbers as input.
• Initialize two variables total and count to store the sum of numbers and the number of items
respectively.
• Loop through the list of numbers and add each number to the total and increment count by
1.
• Return the result of dividing total by count which is the average.
• Call the function with a list of numbers, and store the result in a variable result.
• Print the result using the print statement.
Output:
Enter the number of elements you want in array: 3
Please give value for index 0:10
Average of the array elements is 20.0
17. Python Program to calculate factorial using iterative method.
A factorial of a number n is the product of all positive integers less than or equal to n. It is denoted as
n!. For example, the factorial of 5 is 5! = 5 x 4 x 3 x 2 x 1 = 120.
In this article, we will write a Python program to calculate the factorial of a given number using an
iterative method.
Here’s the code to calculate the factorial of a number:
def factorial(n):
fact = 1for i in range(1, n+1):
fact = fact * i
return fact
result = factorial(num)
print("The factorial of", num, "is", result)
Output:
Enter a number: 5
The factorial of 5 is 120
Let’s break down the code to understand the implementation.
1. We have defined a function factorial(n) that takes an integer n as an argument.

2. Inside the function, we have initialized a variable fact to 1, which will store the factorial of
the number.
3. Using a for loop, we are iterating over the range from 1 to n+1, and at each iteration, we are
multiplying fact with the current value of i.
4. The fact variable will keep updating its value at each iteration until i becomes equal to n+1.
5. Finally, the function returns the fact variable, which is the factorial of the number n.
6. After defining the function, we are taking an input of a number from the user, and calling
the factorial function by passing the input number as an argument.
7. The returned result is then printed on the screen.
This is how the iterative method can be used to calculate the factorial of a number in Python.
18. Python Program to calculate factorial using recursion.
Python Program to find factorial of a number using recursion:
def factorial(n):
if n == 0:
return 1
else:
return n * factorial(n-1)
print("The factorial of", num, "is", factorial(num))
Output:
Enter the number: 6
The factorial of 6 is 720
19.Python Program to check a given number is even or odd.
A program to check whether a given number is even or odd can be written in Python using simple
conditional statements.
Here is the code:
def even_odd(num):
if num % 2 == 0:
return "The number is Even"
else:
return "The number is Odd"
# Taking input from the user

print(even_odd(num))
Output:
Enter a number: 5
The number is Odd
Explanation:
• In the first line, we have defined a function named even_odd that takes a single
argument num.
• Inside the function, we use an if-else statement to check if the remainder of the division
of num by 2 is equal to 0.
• If the remainder is equal to 0, the number is even, and the function returns “The number is
Even”.
• If the remainder is not equal to 0, the number is odd, and the function returns “The number
is Odd”.
• After defining the function, we take input from the user and store it in the variable num.
• Finally, we call the function even_odd and pass the value of num as an argument. The result
is printed using the print statement.
20. Python program to print first n Prime Number with explanation.
The following program demonstrates how to print first n Prime Numbers using a for loop and a while
loop in Python:
def is_prime(num):
if num > 1:
for i in range(2, num):
if (num % i) == 0:
return Falseelse:
return Trueelse:
return Falsedef print_first_n_prime(n):
prime_list = []
count = 0
num = 2while count < n:
if is_prime(num):
prime_list.append(num)
count += 1
num += 1return prime_list
n = int(input("Enter the value of n: "))
print("First", n, "prime numbers are:", print_first_n_prime(n))
Output:
Enter the value of n: 5
First 5 prime numbers are: [2, 3, 5, 7, 11]
In this program, we have defined two functions – is_prime and print_first_n_prime. The is_prime
function takes a number as an argument and returns True if the number is prime, otherwise False.
The print_first_n_prime function takes the number of prime numbers we want to print and returns a
list of those prime numbers.
In the main program, we first ask the user for the value of n, which is the number of prime numbers
we want to print. Then, we call the print_first_n_prime function, which returns a list of prime
numbers, and finally, we print that list.
21. Python Program to print Prime Number in a given range.
The following program demonstrates how to print Prime Number in a given range in Python:
def is_prime(n):
if n < 2:
return False
for i in range(2, int(n**0.5) + 1):
if n % i == 0:
return False
return True
def prime_in_range(lower, upper):
primes = []
for num in range(lower, upper + 1):
if is_prime(num):
primes.append(num)
return primes
lower = int(input("Enter the lower range: "))
upper = int(input("Enter the upper range: "))
result = prime_in_range(lower, upper)
if result == []:
print("No prime number found in the given range.")

else:
print("Prime numbers in the given range:", resu
Explanation:
• The program first defines a helper function is_prime to check if a number is prime or not.
• is_prime function checks if the number is less than 2, in that case it returns False as 1 and 0
are not prime numbers.
• If the number is greater than or equal to 2, it checks the number by dividing it with all
numbers between 2 and the square root of the number. If the number is divisible by any of
these numbers, it returns False, meaning the number is not prime.
• The function prime_in_range takes two inputs lower and upper which are the lower and
upper limits of the range of numbers we want to find prime numbers in.
• The function loops through all numbers from lower to upper and calls the is_prime function
to check if the number is prime or not. If the number is prime, it appends it to the
list primes.
• At the end, the function returns the list of prime numbers.
• Finally, the program takes the lower and upper limits as inputs from the user and calls
the prime_in_range function to get the list of prime numbers in the given range. If the list is
empty, it prints “No prime number found in the given range.”, otherwise, it prints the list of
prime numbers.
22. Python Program to find Smallest number among three.
Here is a simple Python program to find the smallest number among three:
def find_smallest(num1, num2, num3):
smallest = num1
if num2 < smallest:
smallest = num2
if num3 < smallest:
smallest = num3
return smallest
num1 = int(input("Enter the first number: "))
num2 = int(input("Enter the second number: "))
num3 = int(input("Enter the third number: "))
smallest = find_smallest(num1, num2, num3)
print("The smallest number is", smalles
Example Output:
Enter the first number: 25
Enter the second number: 12
Enter the third number: 36
The smallest number is 12
Explanation:
1. The function find_smallest() takes three numbers as arguments and returns the smallest
number among them.
2. Inside the function, smallest is set to num1 initially.
3. The next two if statements compare num2 and num3 with smallest and updates the value
of smallest if either num2 or num3 is smaller.
4. Finally, the smallest number is returned.
5. In the main part of the code, the three numbers are taken as input from the user and stored
in the variables num1, num2, and num3.
6. The smallest number is found using the find_smallest() function and stored in the
variable smallest.
7. The value of smallest is then printed.
23. Python program to calculate the power using the POW method.
The pow method in Python can be used to calculate the power of a number. The function pow(base,
exponent) returns the base raised to the power of exponent. Here is an example of how to use the
pow method in Python to calculate the power:
# input the base and exponent
base = int(input("Enter the base number: "))
exponent = int(input("Enter the exponent: "))
# calculate the power using the pow method
result = pow(base, exponent)
# print the result
print("The result of {} raised to the power of {} is {}".format(base, exponent, result)
In this example, we take the base and exponent as input from the user and then use
the pow method to calculate the power of the base raised to the exponent. Finally, we print the
result.
Enter the base number: 2
Enter the exponent: 3
The result of 2 raised to the power of 3 is 8
24. Python Program to calculate the power without using POW function.(using for loop).
Python code to calculate the power using ‘for-loop’
#taking 3 integer as input from the user
base = int(input("Enter the value for base :"))
exponent = int(input("Enter the value for exponent :"))
result=1;
print("The result of ",base,"raised to the power of ",exponent," is ",end = ' ')
#using ‘for’ loop with ‘range’ function
for exponent in range(exponent, 0, -1):
result *= base
print(result)
Output:
Enter the value for base : 5
Enter the value for exponent : 4
The result of 5 raised to the power of 4 is 625
Explanation:
For the input from the user, the base number is 5, and the exponent number is 4. The ‘base
exponent’ will be 54, which is 5x5x5x5 i.e. 625.
25. Python Program to calculate the power without using POW function.(using while loop).
Python Code to calculate the power
base = int(input("Enter the value for base :"))
exponent = int(input("Enter the value for exponent :"))
result=1;
print(base,"to power ",exponent,"=",end = ' ')
#using while loop with a condition that come out of while loop if exponent is 0
while exponent != 0:
result = base * result
exponent-=1
print(result)
Output:
Enter the value for base : 5
Enter the value for exponent : 4

5 to power of 4 = 625
Explanation:
For the input from the user, the base number is 5, and the exponent number is 4. The ‘base e
exponent’ will be 54, which is 5x5x5x5 i.e. 625.
26. Python Program to calculate the square of a given number.
Python Program to calculate the square of a given number
#take input from the user
num = int(input("Enter a number to calculate square : "))
print("square =",num*num)
Output:
Explanation:
For input 7, the output generated by our program is 7*7 i.e. equals 49.
27. Python Program to calculate the cube of a given number.
Python Program to calculate the cube of a given number
num = int(input("Enter a number to calculate cube : "))
print("square =",num*num*num)
Output:
Explanation:
For input 7, the output generated by our program is 5*5*5 i.e. equals 125.
28. Python Program to calculate the square root of a given number.
Python program to calculate the square root of a given number
import math
num = int(input("Enter a number to find square root : "))
#check if the input number is negative
if num<0:
print("Negative numbers can't have square roots")
else:
print("square roots = ",math.sqrt(num))
Output 1:
Explanation:
For input 81, the output generated by our program is math.sqrt(81) which is equal to 9.0.
29. Python program to calculate LCM of given two numbers.
Python code to find l.c.m. of two numbers
num1 = int(input("Enter first number: "))
num2 = int(input("Enter second number: "))
if num1 > num2:
greater = num1
else:
greater = num2
while(True):
if((greater % num1 == 0) and (greater % num2 == 0)):
lcm = greater
break
greater += 1
print("LCM of",num1,"and",num2,"=",greater)
Output 1:
Explanation:
For inputs 9 and 18, we are dividing the ‘greater’ with both num1 and num2 to find the common
multiple of 9 and 18. First greater assigned with value 18 and then in while loop it checking
continuously that if ‘18/9 == 0 and 18/18 == 0’ which is true so the value of greater is returned as the
L.C.M. of 9 and 18.
30. Python Program to find GCD or HCF of two numbers.
Python code to find h.c.f. of two numbers
#taking two inputs from the user
#checking for smaller number
if num1 > num2:
minimum = num2
else:
minimum = num1
#finding highest factor of the numbers
for i in range(1, minimum+1):
if((num1 % i == 0) and (num2 % i == 0)):
hcf = i
print("hcf/gcd of",num1,"and",num2,"=",hcf)
Output :
Explanation:
For inputs 8 and 2, the program is finding the highest factor that is common in both 8 and 2.
The factor of 8 is 1,2,4,8 and the factor of 2 is 1,2. The highest factor common in both is 2.
31. Python Program to find GCD of two numbers using recursion
Python code to find GCD of two numbers using recursion
def gcd(num1,num2):
if num2 == 0:
return num1;
return gcd(num2, num1 % num2)
#taking inputs from the user

print("hcf/gcd of",num1,"and",num2,"=",gcd(num1,num2))
Output :
Explanation:
For the inputs 8 and 6, which are then passed as an argument in recursive function gcd().
The recursive function behaves in such way:-
32. Python Program to Convert Decimal Number into Binary.
Problem statement
Given a number we need to convert into a binary number.
Approach 1 − Recursive Solution
DecToBin(num):
if num > 1:
DecToBin(num // 2)
print num % 2
Example
def DecimalToBinary(num):if num > 1:DecimalToBinary(num // 2)print(num % 2, end = '')# mainif

__name__ == '__main__':
dec_val = 35DecimalToBinary(dec_val)
Output
100011
Approach 2 − Built-in Solution

Example
def decimalToBinary(n):return bin(n).replace("0b", "")# Driver codeif __name__ ==

'__main__':print(decimalToBinary(35))
Output
100011
33.Python Program to convert Decimal number to Octal number.
Decimal to Octal in Python Using Loop:
The common method of calculating the octal representation of a decimal number is to divide the
number by 8 until it becomes 0. After the division is over, we print the array storing the remainders
at each division point in reverse order.
def DecimalToOctal(n):
# array to store octal number
octal = [0] * 100
# counter for octal digits
i=0
# run until n is 0
while (n != 0):
# Storing Remainder in Octal Array
octal[i] = n % 8
# updating value of n to n/8
n = int(n / 8)
# Increasing the Counter
i += 1
# Traversing Octal Array in Reverse Order
for j in range(i - 1, -1, -1):
print(octal[j], end=""
Output:
41
34. Python Program to check the given year is a leap year or not.
# Default function to implement conditions to check leap year
def CheckLeap(Year):
# Checking if the given year is leap year

if((Year % 400 == 0) or
(Year % 100 != 0) and
(Year % 4 == 0)):
print("Given Year is a leap Year");
# Else it is not a leap year
else:
print ("Given Year is not a leap Year")
# Taking an input year from user
Year = int(input("Enter the number: "))
# Printing result
CheckLeap(Year)
Output:
Enter the number: 1700
Given year is not a leap Year
Explanation:
We have implemented all the three mandatory conditions (that we listed above) in the program by
using the ‘and’ and ‘or’ keyword inside the if else condition. After getting input from the user, the
program first will go to the input part and check if the given year is a leap year. If the condition
satisfies, the program will print ‘Leap Year’; else program will print ‘Not a leap year.’
35. Python Program to convert Celsius to Fahrenheit.
celsius_1 = float(input("Temperature value in degree Celsius: " ))
# For Converting the temperature to degree Fahrenheit by using the above
# given formula
Fahrenheit_1 = (celsius_1 * 1.8) + 32
# print the result
print('The %.2f degree Celsius is equal to: %.2f Fahrenheit'
%(celsius_1, Fahrenheit_1))
print("----OR----")
celsius_2 = float (input("Temperature value in degree Celsius: " ))
Fahrenheit_2 = (celsius_2 * 9/5) + 32
# print the result
print ('The %.2f degree Celsius is equal to: %.2f Fahrenheit'

%(celsius_2, Fahrenheit_2))
Output:
Temperature value in degree Celsius: 34
The 34.00 degree Celsius is equal to: 93.20 Fahrenheit
----OR----
Temperature value in degree Celsius: 23
The 23.00 degree Celsius is equal to: 73.40 Fahrenheit
36. Python Program to convert Fahrenheit to Celsius.
Python code to convert fahrenheit into celsius
#taking input from the user
fahrenheit = float(input("Please give the Hahrenheit Temperature : "))
#converting Celsius into Fahrenheit
celsius = ((fahrenheit-32)*5)/9
print("Celcius= ",celsius)
Output 1:
Explanation:
For the input Fahrenheit temperature 96.8.
Celsius temperature = ((96.8 -32)*5)/9 = 36.0.
37. Python program to calculate Simple Interest with explanation.
Python code to calculate simple interest
#taking the values of principal, rate of interest and time from the user
principal = int(input("Enter the principal amount: "))
rate = int(input("Enter the rate of interest: "))
time = int(input("Enter the time of interest in year: "))
#using the input values calculate simple interest
simpleInterest = (principal*rate*time)/100
print("Simple Interest = ",simpleInterest)
Output :
Explanation:
For the input value of the principal, the rate of interest and the time simple interest is calculated
using the formula
Simple interest = (10000 * 5 *5)/100
Simple interest = 2500.0
Python Coding Questions on String
1. Python program to remove given character from String.
Remove character from string using replace() method in python
def remove_char(s1,s2):
print(s1.replace(s2, ''))
s1 = input("please give a String : ")
s2 = input("please give a Character to remove : ")
remove_char(s1,s2)
Output:
Remove character from string using translate() method in python
def remove_char(s1,s2):
dict = {ord(s2) : None}
print(s1.translate(dict))
s1 = input("please give a String : ")
s2 = input("please give a Character to remove : ")
remove_char(s1,s2)
Output:
2. Python Program to count occurrence of a given characters in string.
Python Program to count occurrence of given character in string.
Using for Loop
string = input("Please enter String : ")
char = input("Please enter a Character : ")
count = 0
for i in range(len(string)):
if(string[i] == char):
count = count + 1
print("Total Number of occurence of ", char, "is :" , count)
Output:
Using while Loop
index, count = 0, 0
while(index < len(string)):
if(string[index] == char):
count = count + 1
index = index + 1
Output:
Using Method
def countOccur(char, string):

count = 0
for i in range(len(string)):
if(string[i] == char):
count = count + 1
return count
count = countOccur(char, string)
Output:
3. Python Program to check if two Strings are Anagram.
Anagrams program in Python:
def anagramCheck(str1, str2):
if (sorted(str1) == sorted(str2)) :
return True
else :
return False
str1 = input("Please enter String 1 : ")
str2 = input("Please enter String 2 : ")
if anagramCheck(str1,str2):
print("Anagram")
else:
print("Not an anagram")
Output:
4. Python program to check a String is palindrome or not.
Palindrome program of String in Python
Here we have declared one method isPalindrome(string).
def isPalindrome(string):
for i in range(0, int(len(string)/2)):
if string[i] != string[len(string)-i-1]:
return False
return True
string = input("Please give a String : ")
if (isPalindrome(string)):
print("Given String is a Palindrome")
else:
print("Given String is not a Palindrome")
Output:
5.Python program to check given character is vowel or consonant.
Python code to check given character is vowel or consonant
Ch=input(“Enter a character to check vowel or consonant :”)
if(ch == 'a' or ch == 'e' or ch == 'i' or ch == 'o' or ch == 'u' or ch == 'A' or ch == 'E' or ch == 'I' or ch ==

'O' or ch == 'U'):
#if ‘if’ condition satisfy
print(“Given character”, ch ,”is vowel”)
else:
#if ‘if’ condition does not satisfy the condition
print(“Given character”,ch, “is consonant”)
Output :
Explanation:
As we can see for the character ‘o’ output generated is “Vowel”, which is obvious as o is a vowel and
satisfying the ‘if ’ statement
6. Python program to check given character is digit or not.
Python code to check given character is digit or not
#taking input from user
ch = input("Enter a character : ")
if ch >= '0' and ch <= '9': #comparing the value of ‘ch’
# if the condition holds true then this block will execute
print("Given Character ", ch, "is a Digit")
else: #this block will execute if the condition will not satisfies
print("Given Character ", ch, "is not a Digit")
Output :
Explanation:
Here , the output generated is “ Given Character 8 is a Digit” for input 8 , as the 8>=’0’ and 8<=’9’ , so
both condition satisfy well hence the if block of our program is executed.
7.Python program to check given character is digit or not using isdigit() method.
Python code to check given character is digit or not using ‘isdigit()’ function:
# taking input from user
ch = input("Enter a character : ")
# checks if character ‘ch’ is digit or not
if(ch.isdigit()):
#if ‘ch.digit()’ returns “True”
print("The Given Character ", ch, "is a Digit")
else:
#if ‘ch.digit()’ returns “False”
print("The Given Character ", ch, "is not a Digit")
Output :
Explanation :
In this case, the user has given 5 as an inputs, and the code generate the output as “The Given
Character 5 is a Digit”. This shows the 5 is a numerical value, which is true. In the ‘condition’ block of
our program, ch.isdigit() returned true for character ‘5’. So the ‘if’ block executes and the desired
output is generated.
8. Python program to replace the string space with a given character.
Here’s one way to replace spaces with a given character in a string in Python:
def replace_space(string, char):
return string.replace(" ", char)
input_string = "end of the day"
replacement_char = "-"
output_string = replace_space(input_string, replacement_char)
print(output_string
Output:
end-of-the-day
Explanation :
The code replaces spaces in a given string with a specified character. It defines a function
replace_space that takes a string string and a character char as input and returns a new string with
spaces replaced by the char input.
The string.replace() method is used to replace occurrences of a specified string in the input string
with another string. In this case, we replace each occurrence of the space character ” ” with the char
input.
The input string “end of the day” and the replacement character “-” are defined and passed as
arguments to the replace_space function. The output string is stored in the output_string variable
and printed.
9. Python program to replace the string space with a given character using replace() method.
Here’s one way to replace spaces with a given character in a string using the replace() method in
Python:
def replace_space(string, char):
return string.replace(" ", char)
replacement_char = "**"
output_string = replace_space(input_string, replacement_char)
print(output_string
Output:
end-of-the-day
10. Python program to convert lowercase char to uppercase of string
Here’s a Python program that converts the lowercase characters in a string to uppercase characters:
def to_uppercase(str):
return str.upper()
input_string = "end of the day"print("Original String:", input_string)
print("Uppercase String:", to_uppercase(input_string))
Output:
Original String: end of the day
Uppercase String: END OF THE DAY
11.Python program to convert lowercase vowel to uppercase in string.
Here’s a Python program that converts the lowercase vowels in a string to uppercase vowels:
def convert_vowels_to_uppercase(str):
vowels = "aeiou"
str_list = list(str)
for i in range(len(str_list)):
if str_list[i].lower() in vowels:
str_list[i] = str_list[i].upper()
return "".join(str_list)
print("Original String:", input_string)
print("String with Uppercase Vowels:",
convert_vowels_to_uppercase(input_string))
Output:
String with Uppercase Vowels: End Of thE dAy
12. Python program to delete vowels in a given string.
Here’s a Python program that deletes vowels in a given string:
def delete_vowels(str):
vowels = "aeiouAEIOU"
str_without_vowels = "".join([c for c in str if c not in vowels])
return str_without_vowels
print("String without vowels:",
delete_vowels(input_string))
Output:
String without vowels: nd f th dy
13.Python program to count Occurrence Of Vowels & Consonants in a String.
Here’s a Python program that counts the occurrence of vowels and consonants in a given string:
def count_vowels_and_consonants(str):
vowels = "aeiouAEIOU"
consonants = "bcdfghjklmnpqrstvwxyzBCDFGHJKLMNPQRSTVWXYZ"
vowels_count = 0
consonants_count = 0
for char in str:
if char in vowels:
vowels_count += 1
elif char in consonants:
consonants_count += 1
return vowels_count, consonants_count
vowels_count, consonants_count = count_vowels_and_consonants(input_string)
print("Number of vowels:", vowels_count)
print("Number of consonants:", consonants_count)
Output:
Number of vowels: 4
Number of consonants: 7
14. Python program to print the highest frequency character in a String.
Here’s a Python program to print the highest frequency character in a string:
def highest_frequency_char(str):
char_frequency = {}
for char in str:
char_frequency[char] = char_frequency.get(char, 0) + 1
max_frequency = max(char_frequency.values())
for char, frequency in char_frequency.items():
if frequency == max_frequency:
return char
highest_frequency_char = highest_frequency_char(input_string)
print("Character with highest frequency:", highest_frequency_char)
Output:
Character with highest frequency: 'd'
15. Python program to Replace First Occurrence Of Vowel With ‘-‘ in String.
Here’s a Python program that replaces the first occurrence of a vowel in a given string with the
character ‘-‘:
def replace_vowel(string):
vowels = 'aeiouAEIOU'for char in string:
if char in vowels:
string = string.replace(char, '-', 1)
breakreturn stringstring = "Hello World!"
new_string = replace_vowel(string)
print(new_string)
This will output:
H-llo World!
16. Python program to count alphabets, digits and special characters.
Python code to count alphabets, digits, and special characters in the string
#taking string as an input from the user
string = input("Enter a String : ")
alphabets=0
digits=0
specialChars=0
#checks for each character in the string
for i in string:
#if character of the string is an alphabet
if i.isalpha():
alphabets+=1
#if character of the string is a digit
elif i.isdigit():
digits+=1
else: #if character of the string is a special character
specialChars+=1
print("alphabets =",alphabets,"digits =",digits,"specialChars =",specialChars)
Output:
Explanation:
For the input string ‘Ques123!@we12’, the alphabets used in this string are ‘Q’, ‘u’, ‘e’, ‘s’, ‘w’, ‘e’. The
digits used in this string are ‘1’, ‘2’, ‘3’, ‘1’, and ‘2’.
And the special character used in this string is ‘!’, ‘@’, and ‘#’.
That makes the number of alphabet =6,
the number of digits =5
the number of special characters =3
17. Python program to separate characters in a given string.
Here’s a simple program in Python that separates the characters in a given string:
def separate_characters(string):
characters = [char for char in string]
return characters
string = "Hello World!"
separated_characters = separate_characters(string)
print(separated_characters)
This will output:
['H', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o', ' ', 'W', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd', '!']
18.Python program to remove blank space from string.
Python code to remove all the blank spaces in a given string
string = input("Enter a String : ")
result=''
#iterating the string
for i in string:
#if the character is not a space
if i!=' ':
result += i
print("String after removing the spaces :",result)
Output 1:
Explanation:
In this case, the input string is ‘que scolweb site’, which consists of two spaces in the string. During
the iteration of the string, While comparing using ‘if’ statement if space found then skips the spaces.
And if no space found then concatenate the remaining character in the empty string ‘result’ and
finally print the ‘result’ as the output of the program. In this case, the output is ‘quescolwebsite’.
19. Python program to concatenate two strings using join() method.
Python code to concatenate two string using join() function:
#taking inputs from the user
str1 = input('Enter first string: ')
str2 = input('Enter second string: ')
#printing the output after using join() method
print("String after concatenation :","".join([str1, str2]))

Output:
Explanation:
In this example, the two strings entered by the user are ‘quescol’ and ‘website’ after using the join()
method which took two strings as iterable and returns the output as ‘quescolwebsite’.
20. Python program to concatenate two strings without using join() method.
Python code to concatenate two string:
str1 = input('Enter first string: ')
str2 = input('Enter second string: ')
#using string concatenation method ‘+’
str3 = str1 + str2
print("String after concatenation :",str3)
Output 1:
Explanation:
The user is given the input ‘quescol’ and ‘website’, now to join them together our program used the
‘+’ operator which joins two strings together and the final string generated is ‘quescolwebsite’.
21. Python program to remove repeated character from string.
Here is an implementation in Python that removes repeated characters from a string:
def remove_duplicates(string):
new_string = ""
for char in string:
if char not in new_string:
new_string += char
return new_string
input_string = "example string"
output_string = remove_duplicates(input_string)
print(output_string)
This will output:
example string
This program uses a loop to iterate over each character in the input string, and checks if the
character is already in the new string using the in operator. If the character is not in the new string, it
is added to it. The final output is the string with no repeated characters.
22.Python program to calculate sum of integers in string
Python code to find sum of integers in the string
str1 = input('Enter a string: ')
sum=0
for i in string:
#if character is a digit
if i.isdigit():
#taking sum of integral digits present in the string
sum=sum+int(i)
print("sum=",sum)
Output :
Explanation:
In this example, the user input the string ‘qwel123rty456’. While iterating the character of the string,
the digits were found using the isdigit() method and when this happens the if block start executing
which is taking the sum of digits. Finally, the program will return the sum of those digits as the
output of the program.
23. Python program to print all non repeating character in string.
Python code to find all non repeating characters in the string
str1 = input('Enter a string: ')
result=""
#iterating the characters of string
for i in str1:
count = 0
#another loop inside loop
for j in str1:
if i == j:
count=count+1
if count > 1:
break
if count == 1:
result+=i
print("non repeating character =", result)
Output:
Explanation:
For the input string ‘aabbcdeeffgh’, as the characters ‘a’, ‘b’, ‘e’, and ‘f’ are repeating but ‘c’, ‘d’, ‘g’ and
‘h’ are not repeating so the generated output should be ‘cdgf’.
24. Python program to copy one string to another string.
Here’s a simple way to copy a string in Python:
def copy_string(original_string):
copied_string = original_string[:]
return copied_string
You can call this function and pass the original string as an argument, like this:
original_string = "Hello World!"
copied_string = copy_string(original_string)
print("Original String:", original_string)
print("Copied String:", copied_string)
This will output:
Original String: Hello World!
Copied String: Hello World!
25. Python Program to sort characters of string in ascending order.
Python code to sort string character in ascending order
string = input("Enter the string : ")
#converting string into list of its characters
strList=list(string)
#sorting elements of list
sortedString=''.join(sorted(strList))
print("String Sorted in ascending order :", sortedString)
Output 1:
Explanation:
For the input string ‘quescol’, firstly, the string’s elements get stored in a list that looks like
[ ‘q’, ‘u’, ‘e’, ‘s’, ‘c’, ‘o’, ‘l’ ]
Then, after using the sorted() function which re-arranges the list elements in ascending order as
[ ‘c’, ‘e’, ‘l’, ‘o’, ‘q’, ‘s’, ‘u’ ]
Finally, the join() function will concatenate the elements of the string and returns the concatenated
string as output.
26.Python Program to sort character of string in descending order.
Python program to sort string in descending order
string = input("Enter the string : ")
#converting string into list of its characters
strList=list(string)
#sorting elements of list in reverse order by making ‘reverse = True’
sortedString=''.join(sorted(strList, reverse =True))
print("String Sorted in ascending order :", sortedString)
Output:
Explanation:
For the input string ‘quescol’, firstly, the string’s elements get stored in a list that looks like
[ ‘q’, ‘u’, ‘e’, ‘s’, ‘c’, ‘o’, ‘l’ ]
Then, after using the sorted() function with argument ‘reverse =True’ which re-arranges the list
elements in descending order as
[ ‘u’, ‘s’, ‘q’, ‘o’, ‘l’, ‘e’, ‘c’ ]

Finally, the join() function will concatenate the elements of the string and returns the concatenated
string as output.
Python Coding Questions on Array
1. Write a program in Python for, In array 1-100 numbers are stored, one number is missing how do
you find it.
Here’s one way to find the missing number in an array of 1-100 numbers:
def find_missing_number(array):
expected_sum = sum(range(1, 101))
actual_sum = sum(array)
return expected_sum - actual_sum
array = [x for x in range(1, 101) if x not in [3, 4, 6, 7, 9]]
missing_number = find_missing_number(array)
print("The missing number is:", missing_number)
This code first calculates the expected sum of the numbers 1-100, then calculates the actual sum of
the numbers in the input array. The missing number can then be found by subtracting the actual sum
from the expected sum. In this example, the missing numbers are 3, 4, 6, 7, and 9, so the missing
number found by the program would be 5.
2. Write a program in Python for, In a array 1-100 multiple numbers are duplicates, how do you
find it.
Here’s one way to find the duplicates in an array of 1-100 numbers:
def find_duplicates(array):
duplicate_numbers = []
for i in range(1, 101):
if array.count(i) > 1:
duplicate_numbers.append(i)return duplicate_numbers
array = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 9, 10, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 15]
duplicates = find_duplicates(array)
print("The duplicate numbers are:", duplicates)
This code iterates over the numbers 1 to 100, and for each number it checks the count of that
number in the input array. If the count is greater than 1, the number is added to a list of duplicate
numbers. The final list of duplicate numbers is returned as the result. In this example, the duplicates
would be [9, 10, 15].
3. Write a program in Python for, How to find all pairs in array of integers whose sum is equal to
given number.
Here’s one way to find all pairs of integers in an array whose sum is equal to a given number:
def find_pairs_with_sum(array, sum_value):
pairs = []
for i in range(len(array)):
for j in range(i+1, len(array)):
if array[i] + array[j] == sum_value:
pairs.append((array[i], array[j]))
return pairs
array = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]
sum_value = 10
pairs = find_pairs_with_sum(array, sum_value)
print("The pairs with sum", sum_value, "are:", pairs)
This code iterates over the elements in the input array, and for each element, it checks if adding the
element to any other element in the array results in the sum_value. If a pair is found, it is added to
the pairs list. The final list of pairs is returned as the result. In this example, the pairs with sum 10
would be [(1, 9), (2, 8), (3, 7), (4, 6)].
4. Write a program in Python for, How to compare two array is equal in size or not.
Here’s one way to compare the lengths of two arrays in Python:
def compare_array_lengths(array1, array2):
return len(array1) == len(array2)
array1 = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
array2 = [6, 7, 8, 9, 10]
are_equal = compare_array_lengths(array1, array2)
if are_equal:
print("The arrays have the same length.")
else:
print("The arrays have different lengths.")
This code uses the len function to find the length of each input array, and compares the lengths using
the equality operator ==. If the lengths are equal, the function returns True, otherwise it
returns False. The output of this code would be “The arrays have the same length.”
5. Write a program in Python to find largest and smallest number in array.
Here’s one way to find the largest and smallest numbers in an array:
def find_min_max(array):
return min(array), max(array)
array = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]
minimum, maximum = find_min_max(array)
print("The minimum number is:", minimum)
print("The maximum number is:", maximum)
This code uses the min and max functions to find the minimum and maximum elements in the
input array, respectively. The result of these functions are returned as a tuple, which can then be
unpacked into separate variables minimum and maximum. In this example, the minimum number
would be 1 and the maximum number would be 10.
6. Write a program in Python to find second highest number in an integer array.
Here’s one way to find the second highest number in an integer array in Python:
def second_highest(numbers):
sorted_numbers = sorted(set(numbers), reverse=True)
return sorted_numbers[1]
numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 5, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 9]
print("Second highest number is:", second_highest(numbers))
In this implementation, the second_highest function takes an array of integers as input and returns
the second highest number by:
1. Removing duplicates from the input array using set, which returns a set of unique elements
2. Sorting the set in descending order using sorted with reverse=True
3. Returning the second element of the sorted set, which is the second highest number.
7. Write a program in Python to find top two maximum number in array?
Here’s a program in Python to find the top two maximum numbers in an array:
def top_two_maximum(numbers):
sorted_numbers = sorted(set(numbers), reverse=True)
return (sorted_numbers[0], sorted_numbers[1])
numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 5, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 9]
top_two = top_two_maximum(numbers)
print("The top two maximum numbers are:", top_two)
In this implementation, the top_two_maximum function takes an array of integers as input and
returns a tuple containing the top two maximum numbers by:
1. Removing duplicates from the input array using set, which returns a set of unique elements
2. Sorting the set in descending order using sorted with reverse=True

3. Returning the first two elements of the sorted set as a tuple, which are the top two
maximum numbers.
8. Write a program in Python to remove duplicate elements form array.
Let’s learn writing program for how to remove duplicates from an array Python.
To remove duplicate elements from an array first we will count the occurrence of all elements.
After finding occurrence we will print elements only one time and can get element after removing
duplicates.
Python Program to remove duplicate elements from array
import array
arr, count = [],[]
n = int(input("enter size of array : "))
for x in range(n):
count.append(0)
x=int(input("enter element of array : "))
arr.append(x)
print("Array elements after removing duplicates")
for x in range(n):
count[arr[x]]=count[arr[x]]+1
if count[arr[x]]==1:
print(arr[x])
Output:
9. Python program to find top two maximum number in array.
Here’s a Python program to find the top two maximum numbers in an array:
def top_two_maximum(arr):
first_max = second_max = float('-inf')

for num in arr:
if num > first_max:
second_max = first_max
first_max = num
elif num > second_max and num != first_max:
second_max = num
return first_max, second_max
arr = [1, 5, 2, 9, 8, 3]
print(top_two_maximum(arr))
The output will be (9, 8).
10. Python program to print array in reverse Order.
Here’s a Python program to print an array in reverse order:
def reverse_array(arr):
return arr[::-1]
arr = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
print(reverse_array(arr))
The output will be [5, 4, 3, 2, 1].
11. Python program to reverse an Array in two ways.
Here are two ways to reverse an array in Python:
1. Using the slice notation:
return arr[::-1]
arr = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
1. Using a loop:
start = 0end = len(arr) - 1
while start < end:
arr[start], arr[end] = arr[end], arr[start]
start += 1end -= 1return arr
arr = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
Both methods will return the same result: [5, 4, 3, 2, 1].
12. Python Program to calculate length of an array.
Here’s a Python program to calculate the length of an array:
def array_length(arr):
return len(arr)
arr = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
print(array_length(arr))
The output will be 5.
13. Python program to insert an element at end of an Array.
Here’s a Python program to insert an element at the end of an array:
def insert_at_end(arr, element):
arr.append(element)
return arr
arr = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
print(insert_at_end(arr, 6))
The output will be [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6].
14. Python program to insert element at a given location in Array.
Here’s a Python program to insert an element at a given location in an array:
def insert_at_index(arr, index, element):
arr[index:index] = [element]
return arr
arr = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
print(insert_at_index(arr, 2, 6))
15. Python Program to delete element at end of Array.
Here’s a Python program to delete an element at the end of an array:
def delete_at_end(arr):
return arr[:-1]
arr = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
print(delete_at_end(arr))
The output will be [1, 2, 3, 4].
16. Python Program to delete given element from Array.
Here’s a Python program to delete a given element from an array:
def delete_element(arr, element):
arr.remove(element)
return arr
arr = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
print(delete_element(arr, 3))
17. Python Program to delete element from array at given index.
Here’s a Python program to delete an element from an array at a given index:
def delete_at_index(arr, index):
return arr[:index] + arr[index+1:]
arr = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
print(delete_at_index(arr, 2))
18. Python Program to find sum of array elements.
Here’s a Python program to find the sum of all elements in an array:
def sum_of_elements(arr):
return sum(arr)
arr = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
print(sum_of_elements(arr))
19. Python Program to print all even numbers in array.
Here’s a Python program to print all even numbers in an array:
def even_numbers(arr):
return [x for x in arr if x % 2 == 0]
arr = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
print(even_numbers(arr))
The output will be [2, 4].
20. Python Program to print all odd numbers in array.

Here’s a Python program to print all odd numbers in an array:
def odd_numbers(arr):
return [x for x in arr if x % 2 != 0]
arr = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
print(odd_numbers(arr))
The output will be [1, 3, 5].
21. Python program to perform left rotation of array elements by two positions.
Here’s a Python program to perform left rotation of array elements by two positions:
def left_rotate(arr, d):
return arr[d % len(arr):] + arr[:d % len(arr)]
arr = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
print(left_rotate(arr, 2))
22. Python program to perform right rotation in array by 2 positions.
Here’s a Python program to perform right rotation of array elements by two positions:
def right_rotate(arr, d):
return arr[-d % len(arr):] + arr[:-d % len(arr)]
arr = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
print(right_rotate(arr, 2))
23. Python Program to merge two arrays.
Here’s a Python program to merge two arrays:
def merge_arrays(arr1, arr2):
return arr1 + arr2
arr1 = [1, 2, 3]
arr2 = [4, 5, 6]
print(merge_arrays(arr1, arr2))
24. Python Program to find highest frequency element in array.
Here’s a Python program to find the highest frequency element in an array:
from collections import Counter

def highest_frequency(arr):
count = Counter(arr)
return max(count, key=count.get)
arr = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 3, 2, 2]
print(highest_frequency(arr)
The output will be 2, which is the element with the highest frequency in the array.
25. Python Program to add two number using recursion.
Here’s a Python program to add two numbers using recursion:
def add_recursive(a, b):
if b == 0:
return a
return add_recursive(a ^ b, (a & b) << 1)
print(add_recursive(2, 3))
26. Python Program to find sum of digit of number using recursion.
Here’s a Python program to find the sum of digits of a number using recursion:
def sum_of_digits(n):
if n == 0:
return 0return (n % 10) + sum_of_digits(n // 10)
print(sum_of_digits(123))
Python Linked List Coding interview questions
1. Python Program to Create and Traverse Singly linked list.
Here’s a Python program to create and traverse a singly linked list:
class Node:
def __init__(self, data):
self.data = data
self.next = Noneclass LinkedList:
def __init__(self):
self.head = Nonedef insert_at_end(self, data):
new_node = Node(data)
if self.head is None:
self.head = new_node
return
last_node = self.head
while last_node.next:
last_node = last_node.next
last_node.next = new_node
def traverse(self):
current_node = self.head
while current_node:
print(current_node.data, end=" -> ")
current_node = current_node.nextprint("None")
linked_list = LinkedList()
linked_list.insert_at_end(1)
linked_list.traverse()
The output will be 1 -> 2 -> 3 -> None.
2. Python program to insert a node in linked list.
Here’s a Python program to insert a node in a linked list:
class Node:
self.data = data
def __init__(self):
return
def insert_at_beginning(self, data):
new_node.next = self.head
def traverse(self):
while current_node:
linked_list.insert_at_beginning(0)
The output will be 0 -> 1 -> 2 -> 3 -> None.
3. Write a program in Python to reverse a singly linked list.
Here’s a Python program to reverse a singly linked list:
class Node:
self.data = data
def __init__(self):
return
def reverse(self):
prev = None
current = self.head
while current:
next = current.next
current.next = prev
prev = current
current = next
self.head = prev
def traverse(self):
while current_node:
linked_list.reverse()
The output will be:
1 -> 2 -> 3 -> None3 -> 2 -> 1 -> None
4. Python Program to search an element in singly linked list.
Here’s a Python program to search for an element in a singly linked list:
class Node:

self.data = data
def __init__(self):
return
def search(self, key):
while current_node:
if current_node.data == key:
return True
current_node = current_node.nextreturn False
if linked_list.search(3):
print("Element found")
else:
print("Element not found")
The output will be:
Element found
5. Linked list Deletion in Python: At beginning, End, Given location.
Here is a Python program to delete a node in a singly linked list at the beginning, end, and a given
location:
class Node:
self.data = data
def __init__(self):
return
def delete_at_beginning(self):
return
self.head = self.head.nextdef delete_at_end(self):
returnif self.head.next is None:
self.head = Nonereturn
second_last_node = self.head
while second_last_node.next.next:
second_last_node = second_last_node.next
second_last_node.next = Nonedef delete_at_position(self, position):
returnif position == 0:
self.head = self.head.nextreturn
current_position = 0while current_node.next and current_position < position - 1:
current_node = current_node.next
current_position += 1if current_node.next is None:
return
current_node.next = current_node.next.next
linked_list.delete_at_beginning()
linked_list.delete_at_end()
linked_list.delete_at_position(0
With these functions, you can delete a node at the beginning, end, or given location of a singly linked
list in Python.
6. Write a program in Python to find 3rd element of Linked List from last in single pass.
Here is a Python program to find the 3rd element from the last in a single pass in a linked list:
class Node:
self.data = data
def __init__(self):
return
def find_nth_element_from_last(self, n):
first_pointer = self.head
second_pointer = self.head
for i in range(n):
if second_pointer is None:
return None
second_pointer = second_pointer.nextwhile second_pointer:
first_pointer = first_pointer.next
second_pointer = second_pointer.nextreturn first_pointer.data
result = linked_list.find_nth_element_from_last(3)
print(result
This program uses two pointers, first_pointer and second_pointer, to traverse the linked list. The
second_pointer is moved n positions ahead, and then both pointers are moved until the
second_pointer reaches the end of the linked list. The data of the node where the first_pointer is
pointing to will be the nth element from the last.
7. Write a program in Python to find middle element of a linked list in single pass.
Here is a Python program to find the middle element of a linked list in a single pass:
class Node:
self.data = data
def __init__(self):
return
def find_middle_element(self):
slow_pointer = self.head
fast_pointer = self.head
while fast_pointer and fast_pointer.next:
slow_pointer = slow_pointer.next
fast_pointer = fast_pointer.next.nextreturn slow_pointer.data
result = linked_list.find_middle_element()
print(result
This program uses two pointers, slow_pointer and fast_pointer, to traverse the linked list. The
fast_pointer moves two nodes ahead for every iteration, while the slow_pointer moves one node
ahead. When the fast_pointer reaches the end of the linked list, the slow_pointer will be pointing to
the middle node.
FAQ’s
Q1. What is Python?
• Python is a high-level, interpreted, interactive, and object-oriented scripting language. It

uses English keywords frequently. Whereas, other languages use punctuation, Python has
fewer syntactic constructions.
• Python is designed to be highly readable and compatible with different platforms such as
Mac, Windows, Linux, Raspberry Pi, etc.
Q2. Python is an interpreted language
An interpreted language is any programming language that executes its statements line by line.
Programs written in Python run directly from the source code, with no intermediary compilation step
Q3. What is PYTHONPATH?
PYTHONPATH has a role similar to PATH. This variable tells Python Interpreter where to locate the
module files imported into a program. It should include the Python source library directory and the
directories containing Python source code. PYTHONPATH is sometimes preset by Python Installer.

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1. What is Python? List some popular applications of Python in the world of technology.

Python is a widely-used general-purpose, high-level programming language. It was created

27. Differentiate between List and Tuple?

if (name := input("Enter a name: ")) in names:

Here’s one way to reverse an integer in Python:

n = int(input("Please enter a number: "))

print("After reverse:", reverse

Please enter a number: 5642

Before reverse: 5642

After reverse: 2456

2. Write a program in Python to check whether an integer is Armstrong number or not.

What is Armstrong Number?

• It is a number which is equal to the sum of cube of its digits.

• For eg: 153, 370 etc.

Lets see it practically by calculating it,

Suppose I am taking 153 for an example

First calculate the cube of its each digits

5^3 = (5*5*5) = 125

Now add the cube

It means 153 is an Armstrong number.

n = int(input("Please enter a number: "))

print("The number is an Armstrong number")

print("The number is not an Armstrong number

Please enter a number: 245

The number is not an Armstrong number

3. Write a program in Python to check given number is prime or not.

What is prime number?

For example : 2, 3, 5, 7, 13,…

How our program will behave?

Python program to check given number is prime or not:

n = int(input("Please enter a number: "))

for i in range(2, n//2):

print("The given number is not a prime number")

print("The given number is a prime number"

Please enter a number: 7

The given number is a prime number

What is Fibonacci Series?

How our program will behave?

Python program to print Fibonacci series program in using Iterative methods:

n = int(input("Please enter a number to generate the Fibonacci series: "))

print("The Fibonacci series is:")

for i in range(0, n):

result = first + second

Please enter a number to generate the Fibonacci series: 7

The Fibonacci series is:

Python program to print Fibonacci series using recursive methods:

return fibonacci(num-1) + fibonacci(num-2)

n = int(input("Please enter a number to generate the Fibonacci series: "))

print("The Fibonacci series is:")

for i in range(0, n):

Please enter a number to generate the Fibonacci series: 5

The Fibonacci series is:

What is Palindrome Number?

For example : 121, 111, 1223221, etc.

How our program will behave?

Python program for palindrome number using iterative method

n = int(input("Please enter a number: "))

# reverse the number

reverse = reverse * 10 + temp % 10

5^3 = (555) = 125