S - BLOCK

Electronic configuration and Physical Properties of alkali metals

1. Among the alkali metals most abundant metal is :

(1) Na (2) K (3) Li (4) Cs

2. Select the correct statement.

(1) Density of alkali metals regularly increases in moving down the group from Li to Cs.
(2) Group 1 elements are the largest in their horizontal periods in the periodic table (exclude
noble gases).
(3) The melting and boiling points of group 1 elements increases on moving down from Li to
Cs.
(4) Alkali metals are more harder than alkaline earth metals.

3. The similarity in the properties of alkali metals is due to :

(1) their same atomicity. (2) similar outer shell electron configuration.
(3) same energy of valence shell. (4) same principal quantum number of
valence shell.

4. Alkali metals are :

(1) weak reducing agents (2) strong reducing agents
(3) strong oxidising agents (4) strong oxidising as well as strong reducing
agents

5. The hydration enthalpies of alkali metal ions :

(1) decrease with increasing ionic size down the group.
(2) increase with increase in ionic size down the group.
(3) remain same with increase ionic size down the group.
(4) first decrease from Li to K and then increase of Rb to Cs.

6. Match the metals given in Column-I with their characteristic colour of flame in oxidising flame
given in Column-II using the codes given.
Column-I Column-II
(a) Li (p) Violet or Lilac
(b) Na (q) Red violet
(c) K (r) Golden yellow
(d) Rb (s) Crimson red

(a) (b) (c) (d) (a) (b) (c) (d)

(1) s p q r (2) s r p q
(3) s r q p (4) r s p q
7. Identify the correct statement.
(1) Sodium metal can be prepared by the electrolysis of an aqueous solution of NaCl.
(2) Sodium metal can be kept under ethyl alcohol.
(3) Sodium metal is insoluble in liquid NH3 at low temperature.
(4) Elemental sodium is easily oxidised.

8. Which one of the following properties increases on moving down the group from Li to Cs ?
(1) Melting point (2) Hardness of metals
(3) Tendency to lose electron (4) Metallic bond strength

9. Which of the following configurations represents the s–block element ?

(1) [Ar]3d104s1 (2) [Ne]3s2 3p1 (3) [He] 2s22p63s1 (4) None of these

10. Which of the following alkali metals gives hydrated salts ?

(1) Li (2) Na (3) K (4) Cs

11. Which of the following statements is true for all the alkali metals ?
(1) Their nitrates decomposes on heating to give the corresponding nitrites and oxygen.
(2) Their chlorides are deliquescent and crystallise as hydrates.
(3) They react with water to form hydroxide and hydrogen.
(4) They readily react with halogens to form ionic halides, M+X–.

12. Sodium and potassium react with water much more vigorously than lithium because :
(1) sodium and potassium have high values of hydration energy as compared to that of lithium.
(2) sodium and potassium have higher melting point than that of lithium.
(3) sodium and potassium have lower melting point than that of lithium.
(4) sodium and potassium have lower hydration energy than that of lithium.

13. Which one of the following metals is largest in the periodic table ?
(1) K (2) Cs (3) Zn (4) Ba

14. Select the correct statement with respect to alkali metals.

(1) Melting points decrease with increasing atomic number.
(2) Density of potassium is less then sodium
(3) Salts of Li to Cs impart characteristic colour to an oxidising flame. (of Bunsen burner).
(4) All of these.

15. Which of the following has the highest reactivity towards water ?
(1) Na (2) Rb (3) Li (4) K

16. Which of the following statement is false for alkali metals?

(1) Alkali metals do not occur free in nature.
(2) Alkali metal salts impart colour to the flame.
(3) The softness of alkali metals decreases down the group with increasing atomic number.
(4) Alkali metal tarnish in dry air.
17. Which of the following electronic configuration in the outermost shell is characteristics of alkali
metals ?
(1) (n – 1)s2p6ns2 (2) (n – 1) s2p6d10ns1
(3) (n – 1)s p ns
2 6 1
(4) ns2p6d1
18. Which of the following has maximum ionisation energy ?
(1) Ba ⎯⎯→ Ba+ + e– (2*) Be ⎯⎯→ Be+ + e–
(3) Ca ⎯⎯→ Ca2+ + 2e– (4) Mg ⎯⎯→ Mg+ + e–

19. Which of the following pair of element shows diagonal relationship ?

(1) Li and Mg (2) Na and Mg (3) K and Mg (4) Al and Mg

Electronic configuration and Physical Properties of alkaline earth Metals

20. Which of the following metals does give characteristic flame colouration?

(1) Be (2) Mg (3) Ca (4) All of these

21. The set representing the correct order of first ionisation potential is :
(1) Ca > Mg > Be (2) Be > Mg > Ca (3) Mg > Ca > Be (4) Be > Ca > Mg

22. Which of the following statements is false ?

(1) BeCl2 exists as dimer in the vapour state and polymeric in the solid state
(2) Calcium hydride is called hydrolith
(3) The oxides of Be and Ca are amphoteric
(4) Bicarbonates of K and Sr are soluble in water

23. Which of the following statement is incorrect ?

(1) The atomic radius of Na is greater than that of Mg.
(2) Metallic bond of Mg is stronger than the metallic bond in Na.
(3) Melting and boiling points of Mg are less than those of Ca.
(4) Mg and Ca both impart characteristic colour to the flame.

24. The first ionisation energies of alkaline earth metal are higher than those of the alkali metals.
This is because:
(1) there is increase in the nuclear charge of the alkaline earth metal
(2) there is decrease in the nuclear charge of the alkaline earth metal
(3) there is no change in the nuclear charge
(4) none of these

25. The most electropositive amongst the alkaline earth metals is :

(1) Be (2) Mg (3) Ca (4) Ba

26. Property of alkaline earth metals that increases with their atomic number is :
(1) thermal stability of their carbonates. (2) electron affinity.
(3) hydration enthalpies of their metal ions. (4) solubility of their sulphates.

27. Which of the following electronic configurations in the outermost two shells is characteristic of
the alkaline earth metals ?
(1) (n – 1)s2p6ns2 (2) (n – 1)s2p6d10ns2 (3) (n – 1)s2p6ns2p1 (4) None of these

28. Which of the following is not an ore of magnesium ?

(1) Carnallite (2) Magnesite (3) Dolomite (4) Gypsum

29. The compound of alkaline earth metals have the following magnetic nature :
(1) Diamagnetic (2) paramagnetic (3) Ferromagnetic (4) Antiferromagnetic
30. Calcium is obtained by the :
(1) roasting of limestone
(2) electrolysis of a solution of calcium chloride in H2O
(3) reduction of calcium chloride with carbon
(4) electrolysis of molten anhydrous calcium chloride.

31. Among the following halides, the one which has the least water of crystallisation (i.e. less than
six) in hydrated molecule is :
(1) BaCl2 (2) CaCl2 (3) SrCl2 (4) MgCl2

Chemical properties of alkali metals

32. The basic strength of which hydroxide is maximum ?

(1) LiOH (2) NaOH (3) CsOH (4) KOH

33. Na and Li are placed in dry air. We get :

(1) NaOH, Na2O, Li2O (2) Na2O, Li2O (3) Na2O, Li2O, Li3N, NH3 (4) Na2O, Li3N, Li2O, Na2O2

34. Which of the following statements is not true about the solvated ions formed when sodium
dissolves in liquid ammonia at low temperature ?
(1) Deep blue colour of the solution is due to solvated electron.
(2) Highly conducting nature of the solution is due to the solvated cation and solvated anion.
(3) The solution is reducing in nature and have paramagnetic character because of the
presence of solvated unpaired electrons.
(4) none of these

35. A ribben of magnesium was heated to redness in an atmosphere of nitrogen and on cooling
water was added, the gas evolved was :
(1) ammonia (2) hydrogen (3) nitrogen (4) oxygen

36. The correct order of melting point of alkali metal halides is :

(1) MF > MCl > MBr > MI (2) MI > MBr > MCl > MF
(3) MCl > MF > MBr > MI (4) MI > MF > MCl > MBr

37. Which of the following compounds has maximum thermal stability ?

(1) K2CO3 (2) Na2CO3 (3) Li2CO3 (4) Rb2CO3

38. In the presence of oxygen, on heating, lithium forms

(1) LiO (2) LiO2 (3) Li2O (4) Li2O2

39. Which does not exist in solid state.

(1) NaHCO3 (2) NaHSO3 (3) LiHCO3 (4) CaCO3

40. Which of the following elements form super oxide as major product when heated in excess of
air ?
(1) Mg (2) Na (3) Cs (4) Li
41. Which of the following statement is incorrect ?
(1) The superoxide ion (i.e., O2–) is stable only in presence of larger cations such as K, Rb, Cs.
(2) Alkali metals are normally kept in kerosene oil.
(3) All the alkali metal hydrides are ionic solids with high melting points.
(4) The concentrated solution of alkali metals in liquid ammonia are strong paramagnetic in
nature.

42. Which of the following can not decompose on heating to give CO 2?

(1) Li2CO3 (2) Na2CO3 (3) KHCO3 (4) BaCO3

43. An alkali metal nitrate on heating decomposes and liberates two different gases along with an
oxide. The alkali metal is :
(1) Li (2) Na (3) K (4) Cs

44. A metals M reacts with N2 to give a compound ‘A’(M3N). ‘A’ on heating at high temperature
gives back ‘M’ and ‘A’ on reacting with H2O gives a gas B. ‘B’ turns CuSO4 solution blue on
passing through it. A and B can be:
(1) Al and NH3 (2) Li and NH3 (3) Na and NH3 (4) Mg and NH3.

45. RbO2 is :
(1) peroxide and paramagnetic (2) peroxide and diamagnetic

(3) superoxide and paramagnetic (4) superoxide and diamagnetic

46. Sodium peroxide which is a yellow solid, when exposed to air becomes white due to the
formation of :
(1) H2O2 (2) Na2O (3) Na2O and O3 (4) NaOH and Na2CO3

47. Which of the following acts as an oxidising as well as reducing agent ?

(1) Na2O (2) NaO3 (3) NaNO3 (4) NaNO2

48. A substance ‘X’ is a compound of an element of group A. The substance ‘X’ gives a violet
colour flame on performing flame test .The compound X is :
(1) LiCl (2) NaCl (3) KCl (4) None of these

49. The solubility if alkali metal hydroxide follows the order :

(1) LiOH < NaOH < KOH < RbOH < CsOH (2) LiOH > NaOH > KOH > RbOH > CsOH
(3) LiOH > CsOH > RbOH > NaOH > KOH (4) none of these

50. The increasing order of ionic character of CsF, LiI, NaBr and KCI is :
(1) NaBr < KCI < LiI < CsF (2) CaF < KCI < NaBr < LiI
(3) LiI < NaBr < KCI < CsF (4) LiI < KCI < CsF < NaBr
Chemical properties of alkaline earth metals

51. Among the alkaline earth metals, the element forming predominantly covalent compound
(1) Ba (2) Sr (3) Ca (4) Be

52. Consider the following statements and pick out the wrong one.
(a) The solubility, thermal stability and the basic character of the hydroxides of alkaline earth
metals increases from Mg(OH)2 to Ba(OH)2 .
(b) The dehydration of hydrated chlorides, bromides and iodides of Ca, Sr and Ba can be
achieved on heating.
(c) The chlorides of both beryllium and aluminium are soluble in organic solvents and are strong
Lewis acids.
(1) (a) and (b) only (2) (a) and (c) only (3) (a), (b) and (c) (4) none

53. Which of the following compounds is most soluble in water ?

(1) MgSO4 (2) CaSO4 (3) SrSO4 (4) BaSO4

54. When magnesium burns in air, compounds of magnesium formed are magnesium oxide and :
(1) Mg3N2 (2) MgCO3 (3) Mg(NO3)2 (4) Mg(NO2)2

55. A metal M readily forms water soluble sulphate MSO 4, water insoluble hydroxide M(OH)2 and
oxide MO. The oxide and hydroxide are soluble in NaOH. The M is :
(1) Be (2) Mg (3) Ca (4) Sr

56. BeF2 is soluble in water because of :

(1) ionic nature of BeF2
(2) greater hydration energy of Be2+ ion as compared to lattice energy
(3) covalent nature of BeF2
(4) none of these

57. The correct order of decreasing lattice energy of BaCO 3, MgCO3, CaCO3, SrCO3, BeCO3
(1) BeCO3 > MgCO3 > CaCO3 > SrCO3 > BaCO3
(2) BaCO3 > SrCO3 > CaCO3 > MgCO3 > BeCO3
(3) MgCO3 > BeCO3 > CaCO3 > SrCO3 > BaCO3
(4) BeCO3 > MgCO3 > CaCO3 > BaCO3 > SrCO3

58. Compounds of alkaline earth metals are less soluble in water than the corresponding alkali
metal salts due to:
(1) their high ionisation energy (2) their low electronegativity
(3) their low hydration energy (4) their high lattice energy

59. The hydration energy of Mg2+ ion is higher than that of :

(1) Al3+ (2) Be2+ (3) Na+ (4) None of these

60. Which of the following substance can be used for drying neutral or basic gases
(1) Calcium carbonate (2) Sodium carbonate
(3) Sodium bicarbonate (4) calcium oxide
61. Which of the following exists in polymeric form ?
(1) AlCl3 (2*) BeCl2 (3) SiC (4) B2H6

62. When CaC2 is heated in atmospheric nitrogen in an electric furnace the compound formed is :
(1) Ca(CN)2 (2) Ca3N2 (3) CaNC2 (4) CaNCN

63. Beryllium has less negative value of reduction potentials compared to other alkaline earth
metals due to :
(1) the smaller hydration energy of the Be2+ .
(2) the large value of the atomization enthalpy of the Be metal.
(3) the large value of ionisation energy of the Be metal.
(4) (2) and (3) both.

64. Which pair of the following chlorides do not impart colour to the flame ?
(1) BeCl2 and SrCl2 (2) BeCl2 and MgCl2 (3) CaCl2 and BaCl2 (4) BaCl2 and SrCl2

65. Which one of the following salts does not impart colour to the flame ?
(1) LiCl (2) Kl (3) MgCl2 (4) CaCl2

66. Which of the following on thermal decomposition yields a basic as well as an acidic oxide ?
(1) KCIO3 (2) Na2CO3 (3) NaNO3 (4) CaCO3

Compounds of alkali metals

67. Which of the following alkali metal oxides is not correctly matched with their hydrolysis
products?
(1) M2O → M(OH)2 (2) M2O2 → MOH + H2O2
(3) MO2 → M(OH)2 + H2O2 (4) (1) and (3) both

68. The by-product of Solvay ammonia process is :

(1) carbon dioxide (2) ammonia (3) calcium chloride (4) calcium carbonate

69. Sodium amalgam on reaction with water yields :

(1) Hg + NaOH (2) Hg + NaOH + O2 (3) Hg + NaOH + H2 (4) HgO + NaOH + H2

70. Zinc reacts with excess of caustic soda to form :

(1) Zn(OH)2 (2) ZnO (3) Na2ZnO2 (4) Zn(OH)2.ZnCO3

71. Which of the following products are obtained in the electrolysis of brine solution (i.e. NaCl
solution) in Castner-Kellner cell ?
(1) Na, H2 (2) Na-, Cl2 (3) Na-, NaOH (4) NaOH, H2.

72. Sodium burns in dry air to give as major product:

(1) Na2O (2) Na2O2 (3) NaO2 (4) Na3N
73. Which of the following statements is not correctly mentioned?
(1) Sodium hydrogen carbonate is precipitated in the reaction of sodium chloride with
ammonium hydrogen carbonate in solvay process.
(2) Sodium metal discharged at the cathode combines with mercury to form sodium amalgam
in Castner-Kellner cell in manufacture of sodium hydroxide.
(3) Baking soda is made by saturating a solution of sodium carbonate with carbon dioxide.
(4) Deep blue colour solutions of alkali metals in liquid ammonia on decomposition yield alkali
metals and liquid ammonia.

74. The oxide that gives hydrogen peroxide on treatment with a dilute cold acid is :
(1) PbO2 (2) Na2O2 (3) MnO2 (4) SnO2

75. Crude common salt becomes damp on keeping in air because :

(1) It is hygroscopic in nature.
(2) It contains MgCl2 and CaCl2 as impurities which are deliquescent in nature.
(3) (1) and (2) both.
(4) none.

76. Sodium carbonate can be manufactured by Solvay’s process but potassium carbonate cannot
be prepared because:
(1) K2CO3 is more soluble (2) K2CO3 is less soluble
(3) KHCO3 is more soluble than NaHCO3 (4) KHCO3 is less soluble than NaHCO3

77. Which salt on heating does not give brown coloured gas ?
(1) LiNO3 (2) KNO3 (3) Pb(NO3)2 (4) AgNO3

78. Correct Match the column for elements colour in Busen burner flame -

(a) Li (P) Apple green

(b) K (Q) Brick Red

(c) Ca (R) Violet

(d) Ba (S) Crimson Red

(1) (a-P), (b-Q), (c-R), (d-S) (2) (a-S), (b-R), (c-Q), (d-P)

(3) (a-S), (b-R), (c-P). (d-Q) (4) (a-R), (b-S), (c-P), (d-Q)

Compounds of alkaline earth metals

79. Plaster of Paris hardens by :
(1) giving off CO2 (2) utilising water
(3) changing into CaCO3 (4) giving out water
80. Gypsum on heating at a temperature of 393 K yields :
(1) calcium oxide (2*) hemihydrate of calcium sulphate
(3) anhydrous calcium sulphate (4) none of these.

81. A compound X on heating gives a colourless gas. The residue is dissolved in water to obtained
Y. Excess CO2 is bubbled through aqueous solution of Y, Z is formed. Z on gently heating gives
back X. The compound X is:
(1) CaCO3 (2) Na2CO3 (3) Ca(HCO3)2 (4) K2CO3

82. Which of the following salts on heating gives a mixture of two gases ?
(1) Ca(NO3)2 (2) NaNO3 (3) KNO3 (4) RbNO3

83. A compound (X) has following characteristics.

(i) It is used as a water softening agent
(ii) It gives NaOH on reaction with Na2CO3.
(iii) Its clear solution becomes milky when CO2 gas is passed.
(iv) It liberates ammonia gas with ammonium salts.
The compound (X) is :
(1) Ca(HCO3)2 (2) Ca(OH)2 (3) CaO (4) CaCO3

84. Identify the correct statement.

(1) Gypsum contains a lower percentage of calcium than Plaster of Paris
(2) Gypsum is obtained by heating Plaster of Paris
(3) Plaster of Paris is obtained by hydration of gypsum
(4) Plaster of Paris is obtained by partial oxidation of gypsum
 Answer

1. Sol. (1) It is fact.

2. Sol. (2)
(1) Density of K is lower than that of Na on account of its larger atomic volume. (g/ml ; K = 0.86
; Na = 0.97)
(2) Correct statement ; in case of noble gases atomic radii are expressed in terms of Vander
Waal’s radii.
(3) Decrease down the group.
(4) More softer than alkaline earth metals.

3. Sol. (2)

4. Sol. (2) On account of low ionisation energies, they have greater tendency to lose an electron.

1
5. Sol. (1) Hydration energy of Metal cation .
Charge density

6. Sol. (2)

7. Sol. (4)

8. Sol. (3) Down the group, size increases and thus the distance between valence shell electron
and nucleus increases. As a result, the attraction between valence electron and nucleus
decrease. Hence, tendency to lose electron increases.

9. Sol. (3) The block of an element depends on the type of sub-shell which receives the last
electron. As last electron enters in s-subshell of outer most shell according to Aufbau rule, the
element of option (3) belongs to s-block.

10. Sol. (1) Li having smallest size have higher charge density. Hence it attracts more number of
water molecules.

11. Sol. (3)

(1) 4 LiNO3 —→ 2Li2O + 4NO2 + O2
2NaNO3 —→ 2NaNO2 + O2 (similar decomposition with the nitrates of K, Rb and Cs)
(2) Only LiCl is deliquescent and crystallises as a hydrate LiCl.2H2O
(3) 2M + 2H2O —→ 2M+ + 2OH– + H2 (M = an alkali metal)
(4) Halides of Li are covalent in nature.
12. Sol. (3) When sodium and potassium react with water, the heat evolved causes them to melt,
giving a larger area of contact with water, lithium on the other hand, does not melt under these
condition and thus reacts more slowly.
Li Na K
Melting point (ºC) 180 98 64.

13. Sol. (2) Cs = 2.35Å covalent radius.

14. Sol. (4)

(1) Down the group due to increase in size the strength of metallic bond decreases and so,
melting point decreases.
(2) Atomic volume of K is larger as compared to Na. Increase in atomic mass does not over
weigh the effect of increase atomic volume in case of potassium.
(3) They have low ionisation energies because of their larger atomic size. The heat from the

flame excites the outer most orbital electron to a higher energy level. When the excited

electrons come back to the ground state, there is emission of radiation in the visible

region. Hence, salts of Li to Cs impart characteristic colour to an oxidising flame. (of

Bunsen burner).

15. Sol. (2) The reaction of alkali metals with water becomes increasingly violent on descending
the group on account of their decreasing ionisation energies with increasing atomic size. So,
the order of reactivity is
Li < Na < K < Rb.

16. Sol. (3) Softness depends upon the strength of metallic bond. Softness
1
.
strength of metallic bond
Down the group, with increase in size of atom, strength of metallic bond decreases. Hence,
softness increases.

17. Sol. (3) Alkali metals have general electronic configuration = [ inert gas ] ns 1 or (n–1) s2 p6 ns1.

18. Sol. (2) Down the group size increases and, therefore, attraction between valence shell
electron and nucleus decreases and thus ionisation energies decrease.

19. Sol. (1) The similarity between lithium and magnesium is particularly striking and arises
because of their similar size: atomic radii, Li = 152 pm, Mg = 160 pm; ionic radii : Li+ = 76 pm,
Mg2+ = 72 pm. The main points of similarity are :
Lithium and magnesium react slowly with water. Their oxides and hydroxides are much
less soluble and their hydroxides decompose on heating. Both form a nitride, Li3 N and
Mg3N2 , by direct combination with nitrogen .
The oxides, Li2O and MgO do not combine with excess oxygen to give any superoxide.
 The carbonates of lithium and magnesium decompose easily on heating to form the
oxides and CO2 . Solid hydrogencarbonates are not formed by lithium and magnesium.

20. Sol. (3) The electrons in beryllium and magnesium are too strongly bound to get excited by
flame. Hence these elements do not impart any colour to the flame.

21. Sol. (2) Down the group size increases and, therefore, attraction between valence shell
electron and nucleus decreases and thus ionisation energies decrease.
Along the period the atomic size decreases and nuclear charge increases. So generally the
ionization energy increases. However, half-filled and completely filled valence shell electron
also affect the ionization energies along the period.

22. Sol. (3)

23. Sol. (4)

(1) Along the period, the nuclear charge increases and, therefore, atomic size decreases. So
Na has larger atomic radius than Mg.
(2) Mg is smaller than Na and Mg has two valence electrons per atom while Na has only one
valence electron per atom. So Mg has stronger metallic bond than that of Na (Na is a soft
metal).
(3) Because of weeker metallic bond in Mg than Ca, boiling and melting points of Mg are less
than Ca.
(4) Mg does not impart characteristic colour to the flame because the electrons in Mg are too
strongly bound to get excited by flame. Ca imparts brick red colour to the flame because of its
low ionisation enthalpy.

24. Sol. (1)

Along the period from left to right, atomic number increases and, therefore, nuclear charge also
increases. So first ionization energy of alkaline earth metals are higher than those of the alkali
metals of the same period because of higher nuclear charge.

25. Sol. (4)

Electropositive character is the measure of ease of formation of cation by losing electron(s).
With increasing atomic size, the ionization energy decreases and, therefore, the ease of
formation of cation by losing the electron increases resulting into more electropositive character
of the metal. Down the group, metallic character increases due to decreases in ionisation
energies and so electropositive character increase.

26. Sol. (1)

27. Sol. (1)

28. Sol. (4)

Gyspum in not ore of magnesium.
Carnallite – KCI. MgCI2. 6H2O
Magnesite – MgCO3
Dolomite – CaCO3. MgCO3
Gypsum – CaSO4. 2H2O
29. Sol. (1) The alkaline earth metal compounds are diamagnetic because all electrons are paired.

30. Sol. (4)

CaCl2(m) Ca2+ (m) + 2Cl– (m)
At cathode : Ca2+(m) + 2e– —→ Ca(s)
At anode : 2Cl–(m) —→ Cl2(g) + 2e–.
CaCl2(m) Ca2+ (m) + 2Cl– (m)

31. Sol. (1)

(1) BaCl2.2H2O (2) CaCl2.6H2O (3) SrCl2.6H2O (4) MgCl2.8H2O.

32. Sol. (3) Due to less polarizing power of Cs+ it released easily OH- ion.

33. Sol. (4) Li reacts with N2 and O2 of air forms Li3N and Li2O but Na reacts with only O 2 forms
Na2O dose not react with N2. (Na3N is not possible due to large size of Na+ ion )

34. Sol. (4)

35. Sol. (1) Mg + 3N2 —→ Mg3N2 ; Mg3N2 + 6H2O —→ 3Mg(OH)2 + 2NH3 .

36. Sol. (1)

As size of anion increases, the covalent character increases and, thus melting point decreases.

37. Sol. (4) Due to less polarising power of Rb+ ion.

38. Sol. (3) According to crystal lattice energy effect.

39. Sol. (3) Because of their low Lattice energy.

40. Sol. (3)

41. Sol. (4)

(1) Bigger anion is stabilised by bigger cation through lattice energy effect.
(2) Because of their high reactivity towards air and water on account of their higher
electropositive character
(3) All alkali metals are highly basic in nature and, therefore, their hydrides are ionic solids with
high melting points.
(4) In concentrated solution, unpaired electrons with opposite spins paired up-forming the
solution diamagnetic.
42. Sol. (2) Alkali metal carbonates except Li2CO3 are stable towards heat.
Bigger CO32– anion is polarised by smaller Li+ and thus readily decomposes to give CO2 gas.
Li2CO3 ⎯⎯→ Li2O + CO2

43. Sol. (1) 4LiNO3 —→ 2Li2O + 4NO2 + O2

44. Sol. (2) The formula of ‘A’ is M3N suggest that M is monovalent metal.
6Li + N2 → 2Li3N ⎯⎯→ Li
(1) lithium nitrate
Li3N + 3H2O → 3LiOH + NH3
B
CuSO4 + 4NH3 → [Cu (NH3)4] SO4
Lithium reacts with nitrogen to produce lithium nitride which with water produces, NH 3 which
then reacts with CuSO4 to form blue colour complex of copper.

45. Sol. (3) Rb+ O2–1

O2–1 is superoxide according to M.O.T. O2–1 is poramagnetic Rb + O2–

46. Sol. (4) Na2O2 + H2O —→ NaOH + H2O2 ; 2NaOH + CO2 —→ Na2CO3(white) + H2O

47. Sol. (4)

NaNO2 (sodium nitrite) acts both as oxidising agent and reducing agent because the nitrogen
atom in it is in +3 oxidation state (+3 is intermediate oxidation state for nitrogen)
Oxidising property : 2NaNO2 + 2KI + 2H2SO4 → NaSO4 + K2SO4 + 2NO + 2H2O + I2
Reducing property : NaNO2 + H2O2 → NaNO3 + H2O.

48. Sol. (3) K+ ion gives violet color in flame test while Na+ gives golden yellow flame and Li+ gives
crimson red colour in flame.

49. Sol. (1) If size difference between cation and anion increase than solubility increases.
LiOH < NaOH < KOH < RbOH < CsOH

50. Sol. (3) Covalent character in ionic compounds is governed by Fazan's rules.
Covalent character size of anion ; Covalent character charge on cation.
As covalent character increases the ionic character decreases in the compounds.
Hence increasing order of ionic character is LiI < NaBr < KCI < CsF.

51. Sol. (4) The oxide and other compounds of beryllium is more covalent polorising faner.

52. Sol. (4)

53. Sol. (1) Down the group the hydration energy is more decrease than that of lattice energy.
54. Sol. (1) 3Mg + N2 —→ Mg3N2 ; 2Mg + O2 —→ 2MgO

55. Sol. (1)

For alkaline earth metals,
(1) solubility of sulphates decreases down the group.
(2) solubility of hydroxide increases down the group.
BeO and Be(OH)2 are amphoteric; so they are soluble in NaOH forming soluble [Be(OH) 4]2–.
Hence metal M is Be.

56. Sol. (2)

Fluorides of alkaline earth metals except BeF2 are insoluble in water. The solubility of BeF 2 in
water is due to it's higher hydration energy on account of it's small size and high charge density.

1
57. Sol. (1) LE
r+ + r−
In alkalin earth metal down the group lattice energy decrease.

58. Sol. (4) Along the period, atomic size decreases and nuclear charge increases and thus lattice
energy increases,
Charge on cation
lattice energy .
Size of cation

59. Sol. (3) Mg2+ has higher hydration energy than that of Na+ because Na+ has small charge and
bigger size of atom than that of Mg2+.

60. Sol. (4) CaO + H2O —→ Ca(OH)2 ; CaO is basic oxide and does not react with neutral or
basic gases.

61. Sol. (2) Beryllium chloride has a chain structure in the solid state as shown below :

62. Sol. (4) CaCl2 + N2 → CaNCN + C(s)

63. Sol. (4) It can be understood by the fact that reduction potantial depends mainly on (i) enthalpy
of atomization, (ii) ionization energy, (iii) hydration enthalpy, etc.

64. Sol. (2) In BeCl2 and MgCl2 bond are covalent so does not give flame test.
65. Sol. (3) Mg has high ionisation energy and this much of energy can not be provided by Bunsen
flame. So it does not give flame test.

66. Sol. (4) CaCO3 ⎯⎯→ CaO(basic oxide) + CO2(acidic oxide)

67. Sol. (4)

(1) M2O + H2O —→ 2M+ + 2OH– or 2MOH
(2) M2O2 + 2H2O —→ 2M+ + 2OH– + H2O2
(3) 2MO2 + 2H2O —→ 2M+ + 2OH– + H2O2 + O2

68. Sol. (3) 2NH4Cl + Ca(OH)2 ⎯⎯→ 2NH3 + CaCl2 + 2H2O

69. Sol. (3) 2Na-Hg (amalgam) + 2H2O ⎯⎯→ 2NaOH + 2Hg + H2.

70. Sol. (3) Zn + 2NaOH ⎯⎯→ Na2ZnO2 + H2.

71. Sol. (2)

Hg
Cathode : Na+ + e– ⎯⎯⎯ → Na-amalgam
1
Anode : Cl– ⎯⎯→ Cl2 + e–
2

1
72. Sol. (2) 2Na + O ⎯⎯→ Na2O and ( ) Na2O2.
2 2

1
73. Sol. (4) M+ (aq) + e– + NH3 ( ) ⎯⎯→ MNH2(aq) + H (g).
2 2

74. Sol. (2) Na2O2 + H2SO4 ⎯⎯→ Na2SO4 + H2O2

75. Sol. (3) (2) On account of higher polarising power, Mg2+ and Ca2+ have higher degree of
hydration. So MgCl2 and CaCl2 form hydrated salts.

76. Sol. (3) KHCO3 is soluble in water so it can not be separated as intermediate product.
77. Sol. (2)
1 1
(1) 2LiNO3 ⎯⎯→ Li2O + 2NO2 + O (2) KNO3 ⎯⎯→ KNO2 + O
2 2 2 2
1
(3) Pb(NO3)2 ⎯⎯→ PbO + 2NO2 + O2 (4) 2AgNO3 ⎯⎯→ 2Ag + 2NO2 + O2
2

78. Sol. (2)

2CaSO4 .H2O Setting CaSO4 .2H2O Hardening CaSO4 .2H2O

79. Sol. (2) ⎯⎯⎯⎯
HO
→ ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯ →
Plaster of Paris 2 Ortho rhombic Monoclinic

80. Sol. (2) 2(CaSO4.2H2O) ⎯⎯→ 2 (CaSO4). H2O + 3 H2O.

81. Sol. (1)

CaCO3 ⎯⎯→ CaO + CO2 , CaO + H2O ⎯⎯→ Ca(OH)2 ,
X Y
Ca(OH)2 + 2CO2 ⎯⎯→ Ca(HCO3)2 , Ca(HCO3)2 ⎯⎯→ CaCO3 + H2O + CO2

82. Sol. (1)

1
Ca(NO3)2 ⎯⎯→ CaO + 2NO2 + O ; Alkali metal nitrates gives only O2 gas.
2 2
Alkali metal nitrates give only O2 on heating below 500ºC according to following reaction,
1
MNO3 ⎯⎯→ MNO2 + O
2 2

83. Sol. (2) Ca(HCO3)2 + Ca(OH)2 ⎯⎯→ 2CaCO3 + 2H2O

84. Sol. (1)

2[CaSO4.2H2O] ⎯⎯→ 2CaSO4.H2O (calcium sulphate hemihydrate) + 3H2O
Gypsum Plaster of Paris