TEHO ROPES & SUPPLIES PTE LTD

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T 65 6744 8777 F 65 6744 8788
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BUSINESS REG. NO. 198601157K

TEHO Ropes & Supplies Pte Ltd

Fibre rope user manual

For MAGNARO® series
 TEHO ROPES & SUPPLIES PTE LTD
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BUSINESS REG. NO. 198601157K

Table of Contents
1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................................. 1
2 Storage......................................................................................................................................................... 1
3 Installation ................................................................................................................................................... 1
3.1 Surface preparation ............................................................................................................................. 1
3.2 Twisting................................................................................................................................................ 2
3.3 Winch ................................................................................................................................................... 3
4 Preventive Maintenance ............................................................................................................................. 4
4.1 Factors that influence rope life ........................................................................................................... 4
4.2 Anti-Chafing rope protectors............................................................................................................... 7
4.3 Line rotation program ......................................................................................................................... 8
5 Repair........................................................................................................................................................... 9
6 Inspection and discard................................................................................................................................. 9
6.1 Common types of rope damage ........................................................................................................ 10
Appendix A Splicing instruction for 8 strand braided rope....................................................................... 14
Appendix B Splicing instruction for 12 strand braided rope..................................................................... 18
 TEHO ROPES & SUPPLIES PTE LTD
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BUSINESS REG. NO. 198601157K

1 Introduction
This guide is written with the end users in mind. It is assumed that the people reading this document
possess at least some background knowledge about ropes. As such, little attempt is made to explain
common terms and abbreviations used in the marine and related industry. If any clarifications are needed,
please to contact your TEHO sales representative.

This document is valid for MAGNARO® series ropes from the below makers:
DONGYANG MFG. CO., LTD.
DAEJUNG CO., LTD.
MANHO ROPE & WIRE LTD.
DAE HAN ROPE CO., LTD
TUFROPES PVT LTD.

2 Storage
Unlike natural fibres such as manila or sisal, synthetic fibres are not susceptible to rot or mildew. They can
however, be damaged by heat, exposure to UV light and contact with certain chemical/fumes. Thus, for new
ropes designated as spares, they should be kept indoors in a cool and dry area, away from any chemicals
such as strong acid/alkali, solvents and paints. The ropes should be placed on pallets to ensure adequate
ventilation underneath and prevent pooling of water.
Under optimal conditions, new MAGNARO® ropes in their original packaging can be kept for years without
affecting their physical properties. It is not recommended to put used ropes into long term storage with the
intention of using them again in the future.

3 Installation
Before installation, the crew should inspect the rope for damages and take note of the rope’s tag number
and match it with the certificate. All synthetic ropes (including tails) supplied by TEHO has a unique serial
number tagged onto the eye of the rope with a matching number on the cert. This number should be noted
down in the mooring log together with the winch number to ensure future traceability.

3.1 Surface preparation

All synthetic ropes, regardless or constructions and material, are prone to damage from abrasion and cuts. It
is thus important to make sure that any deck equipment that come into contact with the ropes are smooth
and free from rust and sharp edges. Areas to take note are the winch inner surface, winch flanges, chocks
and fairleads.
TEHO recommends that all metal surfaces be made smooth and painted with bi-component epoxy paint to
finish and preserve the smooth surface. Deck surface should also be non-slip epoxy paint. Any paints with
grains will ultimately be detrimental to the life of the rope.

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This is especially important for HMSF ropes due to their higher cost. It makes sense to take additional
precautions to ensure their longevity in service.

3.1.1 Switching from wire ropes to synthetic ropes

There is an increasing trend where ship owners are switching from steel wire mooring ropes to HMSF lines.
For such cases, it is even more important to pay attention to the deck equipment finishing, as all contact
surface will likely be badly abraded by the steel wires (Figure 1). All equipment needs to be sandblasted,
hard welded and smoothened before the lines can be switched out. Even after a full refurbishment is done,
it is advisable to engage TEHO to perform an on-board inspection before installing our HMSF ropes.

Figure 1: Deck equipment that has been damaged by steel wire mooring lines

Figure 2: HMSF line installed on a winch that has not been sufficiently reconditioned, resulting in rope damage

3.2 Twisting
During installation, it is important to ensure that twists are not being introduced into the rope. In order to
prevent twisting, ropes should be installed using a pivoted stand or at minimum, a turn table. Ropes should
be installed top to top or bottom to bottom (Figure 3). For HMSF ropes, TEHO can supply the ropes in
wooden drums on request. We can also provide rollers (Figure 4) to ensure fuss free installation. Refer to
section 4.1.4 for additional information on rope twisting.

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Figure 3: Proper rope installation

Figure 4: TEHO supplied HMSF rope with wooden drum and rollers

3.3 Winch
3.3.1 Single drum winch
For older winches with undivided drums, it is common for the mooring rope to get “buried” into the bottom
layers during usage. This will greatly reduce the lifespan of the rope. It is thus important to include sufficient
back tension during installation to ensure that the lower wraps are packed tightly to reduce chances of bury-
in. Additional precautionary measures should be taken if it continues to be an issue.

3.3.2 Split drum winch

In the case of split drum winches, this is not as critical, but it is still recommended to have sufficient wraps
on the tension section to ensure that the crossover point of the rope to the storage drum does not undergo
too much tension. The number of wraps on the tension drum depends on the material in contact with the
winch. That means for jacketed (over-braided) ropes the crew should base the required wraps on the jacket
material and not the core material.

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The recommended number of wraps on the tension drum is six for conventional material (polypropylene,
polyester, polyamide, etc) and ten for HMPE.

4 Preventive Maintenance
4.1 Factors that influence rope life
In order to perform effective maintenance of the rope, it is important for users to first understand the many
factors that can influence the lifespan of a mooring rope. Some of these are:

4.1.1 Abrasion
Arguably the single most common factor that reduces rope strength. External abrasion of the rope with deck
equipment (especially rusty/poorly maintained ones) cause the rope filaments to break and the rope’s
strength to drop over time. Internal abrasion of the rope rubbing against itself also causes abrasion and loss
of rope strength. Abrasion is an unavoidable part of wear and tear during normal rope use and cannot be
avoided entirely. The best way to deal with abrasion is to ensure that deck equipment is well maintained
and proper anti-chafing protectors are being used during mooring operations. Refer to section 4.2 for more
info on rope protectors

4.1.2 D/d ratio

Using the rope at very low D/d ratio (Figure 5) is detrimental to the life of the rope. This is true not just for
all manners of bits, fairleads, chocks, but also includes mooring shackles and shoreside mooring
hooks/bollards. TEHO recommends that a minimum D/d ratio of 15 is maintained.
All ropes will lose strength when going around a curved surface. The smaller the D/d ratio, the more the
rope strength is reduced (Figure 6). With a small enough D/d, it is possible the rope may fail well below its
breaking strength. When there is no option but to use the rope with a D/d ratio of less than 15, it is prudent
for the user to take extra care during line selection and procurement to ensure the best possible line is
supplied. User should also increase the frequency of inspections and be prepared to retire the line earlier
than usual.

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Figure 5: D/d ratio of deck equipment to mooring line (credit: OCIMF MEG 4)

Figure 6: Chart showing estimated strength loss with varying D/d ratio (credit: OCIMF MEG 4)

4.1.3 Mooring angle

Similar to the D/d ratio, using the rope under sharp angles will reduce the strength of the rope and possibly
result in line failures well below the rope’s certified strength. Furthermore, sharp vertical angles in
combination with sharp horizontal angles can cause the rope to get stuck under rollers. In most cases this is
detrimental to the rope and will cause direct abrasion. Care should be taken to prevent this not only directly
after berthing but also during loading and unloading as the angle can change significantly as the vessel
freeboard changes. Refer to Figure 7 for recommended mooring angles.

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In most cases, the angle the rope makes depends largely on the actual location of the shoreside mooring
bollard/hook and there is little that ship operators can do about it. However, it is still good practise for the
crew to take note of sharp angles and note it in the mooring logbook so that when it is eventually time to
consider discarding the rope, this fact can be taken into consideration.

Figure 7: Mooring angles (credit: OCIMF MEG 4)

4.1.4 Induced Twist

Most MAGNARO® ropes come in 8 or 12 strands braided constructions. These ropes consist of an equal
number of left and right lay strands. If the rope is twisted, it will cause half the strands to tighten and the
other half to loosen, resulting in unequal load sharing. A severely twisted rope can lose as much as 50% of its
strength!
One exception to this is MAGNARO®-6 which is a laid rope. This construction is very similar to a wire rope
and again should not be twisted at all.

4.1.5 Dynamic Loading

Exceptional weather events like wind, wave and current forces can result in excessive dynamic loading (aka
shock loading) of the mooring lines. This can cause a peak load in the rope that is higher than the

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recommended working limit. Repeated dynamic loadings can cause significant loss of strength in the rope,
resulting in it failing at a later date, even when under much lower loads.
Record keeping of excessive dynamic loading is recommended.
The use of more elastic materials such as polyamide (Nylon) in the mooring line or the use of mooring tails
can help to reduce line loads in these dynamic environments.

4.1.6 UV Degradation
Synthetic fibres will deteriorate under UV radiation and different fibres have a different degradation rate
when exposed to UV light. UV radiation will only affect the surface layer fibres of the rope and so a smaller
rope (20mm diameter or less) will suffer more damage from the effects of UV compared to a larger rope.
Furthermore, special additives and coatings are applied to our MAGNARO® ropes to reduce the effect of UV
degradation. For these reasons, if ropes are being stored in-doors when not in use, the effect of UV is
unlikely to be a major contributing aspect to the lifespan of the typical mooring rope compared to the other
factors discussed.
It is worth mentioning that underlying yarns which were previously protected from UV rays may be exposed
later due to surface layer damage from abrasion or wear.

4.1.7 Elevated Temperatures

Synthetic fibre ropes are made from plastic polymers and thus are sensitive to high temperatures. When
exposed to excessive heat, the strength of the rope can be permanently reduced. How much strength is lost
depends on the actual temperature, the length of time of exposure and the type of fibre.
This exposure to elevated temperature is not just limited to external influence, such as placing the rope near
a steam vent, but can also be from the heat produced from external and internal abrasion under tension.
The heat built up during usage is significant and cannot to be underestimated. Coupled with high ambient
temperature and direct contact with a hot metallic surface, it can prove to be a major factor in the loss of
rope strength over time, especially in materials with a low melting point such as HMPE.

4.2 Anti-Chafing rope protectors

TEHO offers 3 ranges of rope protectors to customise for ease of use and degree of protection offered.

4.2.1 MAGNARO® Rope Protector

• Made from reinforced 100% high-tenacity polyester rope size width

• Comes in lengths of 3 metres
20-40mm 250mm
• Available in 3 sizes, accommodating different rope diameters:
• Orange colour for higher visibility 44-64mm 350mm
• Easy installation using extra durable velcro lining 68-96mm 500mm

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• Cut resistant
• Protection against localized abrasion
• Will not split or crack when bunched or compressed
• Improves lifespan of the rope
• Suitable for all fibre ropes

4.2.2 MAGNARO® Coverguard

• Available in high-tenacity polyester or in HMPE

• Permanently fixed over whole length or used as a movable protection
on a part of the rope
• Sleeve is made as a hollow braid and can be adjusted to the diameter
of the rope
• Able to accommodate different rope diameters
• Improves lifespan of the rope
• Protects the rope from abrasion yet still allows the rope to be
inspected
• Suitable for all fibre ropes

4.2.3 MAGNARO® Chafeguard

• Has to be installed before the rope is spliced

• HMPE yarns in a hollow 48 strand construction
• Special abrasion resistant coating
• High cut resistance
• Usable on rope body or eye
• Greatly improves lifespan of the rope
• Especially suitable for high performance fibre
ropes

4.3 Line rotation program

Other than rope protection, to maximise the life of the rope there should be a structured line rotation
programme put into place. Different lines of the vessel have different wear zones which also depends on the
port that the vessel is calling at. Spring lines and breast lines are typically more heavily stressed compared to
head lines and stern lines. By rotating the lines, wear zones and rope fatigue can be distributed throughout a
larger section of the rope ensuring a higher degree of safety for the crew and a longer lifespan for the rope.
As an example, a high quality MAGNARO®-FLEX line can have a service life of about 5 years or 2500 hours,
whichever comes first. Say that a new rope is being installed as a spring line. After 1.5 years, the rope can be

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taken out and put in use as a headline. After a further 1.5 years, the line should be end-for-ended and put
back into the same usage. After another year of service, the rope should be switched back to the spring line.
Finally, at the end of the 5th year, the rope should be replaced.
This is a very general line rotation suggestion and does not take into account trade patterns, port of call,
weather conditions and so on. Please contact TEHO directly if a comprehensive plan for line inspection and
residual strength testing is required.

5 Repair
The end termination eye splice is typically one of the first section of the rope that fails. One of the main
advantages of synthetic fibre rope over steel wire is the ease of on-site splicing. TEHO supplies synthetic
fibre ropes in 8 and 12 strands braided constructions.
Refer to Appendix A and Appendix B for splicing instructions of 8 and 12 strand ropes respectively.
For repair of over-braided jacket, TEHO can supply the MAGNARO® repair kit. The kit contains all the tools
and instructions necessary for on-site repair of the damaged rope jacket.

Figure 8: Damaged rope jacket after using MAGNARO® repair kit

6 Inspection and discard

The lifetime of a rope is strongly influenced by its material, construction, the environment it is used in and
the type of application. It is recommended to keep a detailed log of the rope and plan inspections depending
on the rope usage. The inspection interval is dependent on the frequency of use and environmental factors
such as temperature and weather condition when the ropes are being utilised. The results of an inspection
should be documented in an inspection card.
Retirement is subjected to actual condition of the rope and vessel operator’s policy.
Rotation of ropes (Refer section 4.3), wear zone management and proper storage onboard ships will likely
improve the service life of the ropes.

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In accordance with OCIMF recommendations:

Synthetic mooring lines should be replaced when its residual strength has fallen to 75% of the ship design
MBL (equivalent to about 75% LDBF).
Synthetic mooring tails should also be replaced when its residual strength has fallen to 75% of the ship
design MBL (equivalent to about 60% of TDBF).
There is no way to know the actual residual strength of the rope other than to perform a break test.
Consequently, rope inspections are strictly qualitative and very much based on experience. For this reason,
it is recommended to always err on the side of caution as the consequence of a broken line very much
outweighs the cost of replacing the line before it parts.
Inspections are typically carried out via visual assessment on the whole rope with additional focus on the
following areas:
• The sections in wear zones like deck fairleads and rollers
• At the crossover point on split drum winches
• The eye and eye splice region
If local damage is found, then a rope length of 50 times the diameter before and after that section should be
closely inspected and all reductions in strength should be added together.
During inspection, the residual breaking strength of the rope should be estimated as far as possible by
estimating the percentage of the intact load bearing yarns versus the damaged yarns. Due considerations
should also be given to factors discussed in section 4.1 that also influence the breaking strength but cannot
be seen visually.

6.1 Common types of rope damage

Below are some of the common types of damage that can affect the mooring line.
6.1.1 Wear and Abrasion
Wear and abrasion are the most common causes of rope failure. Rough surfaces, sharp edges, burrs, rust
and dirt can cause serious damage to a rope. Winches, pulleys, chocks, bitts, etc. should be clean and in
good condition.
Wear and abrasion can occur locally or over greater lengths. Extra attention should be paid to the splice area
and the eye as well as any area that may come into contact with deck equipment during use. As the rope
pay-out length is different for every mooring, the entire wear zone area should be checked. Frayed and
broken yarns should be removed and the reduction in strength estimated.

Figure 9: Left – a new rope; Centre – rope with normal fluffiness from abrasion; Right – rope with severe abrasion

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6.1.2 Friction Burns

Friction burns can occur over greater lengths or locally. Direct contact with hot objects should be avoided.
When using the rope on a winch, capstan, fairlead etc. care should be taken to avoid surging the rope while
it is under load. If the rope slips, the heat generated through friction may be high enough to melt and fuse
some of the fibres. Any part of the rope that has fused loses all its strength and forms a hard lump that can
further abrade the surrounding fibres.
When friction burns are detected, then the rope should be opened up fully and users should check how
much of the rope is fused. The damaged area should be considered to be about twice the fused area for the
purpose of estimating residual strength.

Figure 10: Left – rope with friction burns; Right – rope with severe friction burns

6.1.3 Crushing/pinching
When a rope has been crushed or pinched it should be removed from service. Typically, with this type of
problem the resulting damage in the rope is a combination of broken/cut yarns and pulled yarns or strands,
which makes for very unreliable estimates of the resulting reduction in strength. A knot has a similar effect.

6.1.4 Pulled yarns or strands

Individual yarns or strands can be caught by protruding objects (such as nails, burrs, etc.) and be pulled out
of the rope. This damage makes the rope unsafe as yarns or strands that are pulled out from the core do not
take any load, resulting in unequal loading on the remaining yarns/strands. The pulled yarns can also get
caught by other equipment and break.
If the pulled yarn occurs on a rope jacket, the yarn can be cut and the ends worked back into the rope. A
pulled yarn or strand from the working core of the rope should not be cut. Great care should be taken to
work the yarn or strand back into the rope. The number of pulled yarns or strands should be counted and
noted in the inspection card. The cause of the damage should then be traced and alleviated.

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Figure 11: Left – Single yarn pulled out; Centre – several yarns pulled out; Right – entire strand pulled out

6.1.5 Cut yarns or strands

Individual yarns or strands can be cut through chafing against sharp objects or rusty deck equipment. The
number of cut yarns or strands should be counted and the remaining rope strength estimated and noted
down in the inspection card.

Figure 12: Left – several cut yarns; Right – Almost an entire strand cut

6.1.6 Inconsistent diameter

After a line has been used, it may be possible that the rope diameter is found to be inconsistent, i.e., bigger
and/or smaller in certain sections compared to the nominal diameter. This is typically more obvious in a
jacketed rope. The difference in diameter may be due to a shock load or a broken internal strand. If the
damaged section is close to the end of the rope, it should be cut off and resplice. If that is not possible, it
should be considered for discard.

Figure 13: A jacketed rope showing inconsistency in its diameter

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6.1.7 Jacketed ropes

Jacketed (sometimes known as double braided) ropes deserves a special mention as the jacket effectively
prevents all inspection of the core. Such ropes should be checked for obvious damages on the jackets, which
should be fixed immediately with the repair kits. The diameter of the rope should be checked to make sure
that it is consistent (refer to section 6.1.6). Ropes can also be bent by hand back and forth to check that the
stiffness is also consistent.

6.1.8 Others
No attempt is made here to provide a complete list of possible rope damage. It is important to apply both
experience and a large dose of common sense during inspection to evaluate if the rope is fit for continued
use.
For ambiguous cases, it is always better to take the rope out of service and consult with the experts from
TEHO, because at here at TEHO, we know the ropes!

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Appendix A Splicing instruction for 8 strand braided rope

This procedure describes the splicing procedure for 8-strand plaited ropes in 4 x 2 construction.
The tools needed required are: sharp knife, marlin spike and electrical tape

Determining splice length:

6 full braid length are required for the splice (use some over length for ease of splicing) (photo 1). Form the
eye and seize the end of the rope to the main body on the 7th full braid length.

Preparations:
An 8 strand rope consists out of 4 left hand lay(S)and 4 right hand lay(Z) strands. Always keep the left(S) and
right hand lay(Z) strands apart(S) by (S) and (Z) by (Z). Tape each individual strand at the end in order to
avoid untwisting. Unlay the strands up to the 3rd braid. Keep the structure of the rope in shape (photo 2).

Splicing:
A. Tuck two S-lay strands under two Z-lay strands of the body of the splice (photo 3).
B. Tuck the first Z-lay strand under the two preceding Z-lay strands of the body. Tuck the
second Z-lay strand only under the first Z-lay strand (photo 4).
C. Tuck the third S-lay strand under the firs S-lay strand of the body and tuck the 4th
S-lay strand under the next S-lay strand of the body (photo 5).
D. The third Z-lay strand is tucked under the out Z-lay strand of the body and the fourth Z-lay strand is
tucked under the inner Z-lay strand of the body (photo 6).
E. We’re back to the first two S-lay strands. Tuck the first S-lay strand under the
outer S-lay strand of the body and tuck the second S-lay strand under the inner S-lay
strand of the body.
F. All strands have now been tucked into the right position. Make sure that S-lay strands are tucked
under S-lay strands of the body and that Z-lay strands are tucked under the Z-lay strands of the body
(photo 7).
G. Continue with tucking two S-lay strands under S-lay strands and two Z-lay strands under Z-lay
strands of the body.
H. Turn the rope and continue by tucking two S Under S and two Z under Z.
I. Repeat steps G and H, and all strands are now tucked 3 times
J. Continue with the same procedure until all strands are tucked 5 times
K. To finalise; tuck the first S-lay strand under two S-lay strand of the body.
L. Do the same with the first Z-lay strands.
M. Turn the rope and repeat steps J and K with the remaining strands (photo 8).
N. Seize the out sticking strands in pairs and cut of the over length.

The splice is now complete!

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PHOTO 1 PHOTO 2

PHOTO 3 PHOTO 4

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PHOTO 5 PHOTO 6

PHOTO 7 PHOTO 8

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PHOTO 9

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BUSINESS REG. NO. 198601157K

Appendix B Splicing instruction for 12 strand braided rope

This procedure describes the splicing procedure for 12-strand plaited ropes 12 x 1 construction.
Being tucked 10 ½ times
The tools needed required are: sharp knife, a marlin spike and electrical tape

Description: this splice is suitable for 12 strand ropes, braided one over one.

Preparations:
1. Start with measuring the length of the tail. It should at least be 22 braiding pitches long.
Wrap a tape around the rope at the start point of the splice (photo1).
2. Add eye protection if required.
3. Tape the individual ends to keep yarns together. Then unlay the tail for the full 22 braiding pitches
(photo 2).
4. Bend the rope to form the eye. A seizing or whipping may be used to keep two rope parts together
at the start point of the splice.
5. Divided the 12 strands into 6 pairs. 3 pairs of left hand lay and 3 pairs of right hand lay strands.
6. Divide them then in right and left pairs 1R, 2L, 3R, 4L, 5R, 6L (photo 3)

Splicing:
*Note: Always tuck right hand lay strands under right hand lay strands and left under left.

1. Tuck from the first pair (1R right), the 1st strand under 6 strands (2 right, 2 left, 2 right) of
the body (photo 5).
2. Tuck the 2nd right hand strand from this pair under 5 strands (photo 6).
3. Continue tucking these strands under respectively the same 5th and 6th right hand strand of
the body. (over one, under one, over one)
4. Both strands are tucked in the same way 4 times in total.
5. The second pair of strands (2L left), are tucked under the 4th and 3rd strand of the body.
Continue here as well with tucking these strands over and under the same 4th and 3rd strand
of the body for 4 times in total (photo 7).
6. The third pair (3R right), are tucked under respectively the 2nd and 1st strand of the body
also 4 times in total (photo 8).
7. The fourth pair (4L left), go under respectively the 1st and 2nd strands of the body calculated
from the tucks made at 6. After that, follow the same procedure as described before (photo
9).
8. The fifth pair (5R right), are both tucked under one strand and tucked away under the 3rd
and 4th strand of the body (photo 10).
9. The last pair (6L left) are tucked under respectively 2 and 3 strands than be tucked away
under the 5th and 6th strand for also 4 times in total. (photo11).
10. Now we go back to the first pair of strands (1R right). Continue to tuck these strands under
one, over one until 10 full tucks are made.

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BUSINESS REG. NO. 198601157K

11. To finish this pair the second strand is tucked also under the next strand, we call this ½ a
tuck. The ½ tuck is always the strand which is the highest tuck seen from start
(photo 12).
12. Continue with the second pair of strands (2L left) and continue to tuck the strands until one
has made 10 full tucks and the other has made 10 ½ tucks.
13. The third pair of strands (2R right) follow the same steps.
14. Continue this procedure until all strands are tucked into the body (photo 13).
15. Tape the two most close laying ends together (if the procedure has been followed correctly
than such a pair will consist out of a left and right hand laid strand) and cut off the over
length. Keep approximately 10 till 15 cm over length (photo 14).

The splice is now complete!

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 TEHO ROPES & SUPPLIES PTE LTD
1 COMMONWEALTH LANE, #09-23
ONE COMMONWEALTH, SINGAPORE 149544
T 65 6744 8777 F 65 6744 8788
W WWW.TEHOROPES.COM.SG E ROPES@TEHO.COM.SG

BUSINESS REG. NO. 198601157K

Photo 1 Photo 2

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 TEHO ROPES & SUPPLIES PTE LTD
1 COMMONWEALTH LANE, #09-23
ONE COMMONWEALTH, SINGAPORE 149544
T 65 6744 8777 F 65 6744 8788
W WWW.TEHOROPES.COM.SG E ROPES@TEHO.COM.SG

BUSINESS REG. NO. 198601157K

Photo 3 Photo 4

Photo 5 Photo 6

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 TEHO ROPES & SUPPLIES PTE LTD
1 COMMONWEALTH LANE, #09-23
ONE COMMONWEALTH, SINGAPORE 149544
T 65 6744 8777 F 65 6744 8788
W WWW.TEHOROPES.COM.SG E ROPES@TEHO.COM.SG

BUSINESS REG. NO. 198601157K

Photo 7 Photo 8

Photo 9 Photo 10

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 TEHO ROPES & SUPPLIES PTE LTD
1 COMMONWEALTH LANE, #09-23
ONE COMMONWEALTH, SINGAPORE 149544
T 65 6744 8777 F 65 6744 8788
W WWW.TEHOROPES.COM.SG E ROPES@TEHO.COM.SG

BUSINESS REG. NO. 198601157K

Photo 11 Photo 12

Photo 13 Photo 14

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 TEHO ROPES & SUPPLIES PTE LTD
1 COMMONWEALTH LANE, #09-23
ONE COMMONWEALTH, SINGAPORE 149544
T 65 6744 8777 F 65 6744 8788
W WWW.TEHOROPES.COM.SG E ROPES@TEHO.COM.SG

BUSINESS REG. NO. 198601157K

Photo 15

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