Teach Computer Science

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The Teach Computer Science Team

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 Teach Computer Science
A-Level

Arrays, Tuples and

Records

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 1.

Revision notes

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Introduction
The primary purpose of a computer system is to process data. The
data can be of any type. If a computer program needs to process one
piece of data, then that data can be stored in a variable, and the
resultant data can be stored in another variable. In this case, a couple
of variables are sufficient to write a program. But real-life programs
need to handle tens of thousands of pieces of data. When handling
large amounts of data, it is impossible to store each piece data in a
separate variable. Therefore, data is grouped together or, more
precisely, structured in a specific format. The collection of data
structured together is called a data structure. In this article, types of
data structures and implementation of some data structures in
computer programs are discussed.

Types of data structure

Data structures are classified based on how the data is organised. In
this article, arrays are explained in detail.

Characteristic Description Examples

In linear data structures, the data items are
Linear Array
arranged in a linear sequence.
In non-Linear data structures, the data items Tree,
Non-Linear
are not in sequence. Graph
In homogeneous data structures, all the
Homogeneous Array
elements are of the same type.
Non- In non-homogeneous data structures, the
Structures
Homogeneous elements may or may not be of the same type.
Static data structures are those whose size-
Static and structure-associated memory locations Array
are fixed, at compile time.
Dynamic structures are that which expand or
shrink depending upon the program’s need
Dynamic Linked List
and its execution. Also, their associated
memory locations change.
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Arrays
Arrays are a form of data structure used to store a set of data
elements in a certain order. All the data elements should be of the
same data type. An array can store a set of integer values or a set of
character strings. Each element of an array is stored in memory as per
their order. The following figure illustrates parts of an array.

Country
name
Array name
Data elements
Afghanista Index
1
n
Albania 2
Algeria 3
USA 4
Andorra 5

Figure 1: Elements of an array

The above figure shows a one-dimensional array, as the array has only
one list. If the minimum, maximum and average temperature for each
nation needs to be included, then there will be another list for each
data element. Then, the resultant array is called a two-dimensional
array. Figure 2 illustrates a two-dimensional array.

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 2.

Activities

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Activity-1
Duration: 10 minutes

1. Write a Python program to create an array holding 10 elements.

Ask the user to enter a number into the array. Use two different
arrays to store even and odd numbers separately and print them.

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Activity-1
Duration: 10 minutes

1. Write a Python program to create an array holding 10 elements.

Ask the user to enter a number into the array. Use two different
arrays to store even and odd numbers separately and print them.

#declaring an array
import array
a=array.array('i',range(10))
#entering data into array
i=0
while(i<10):
a[i]=int(input("Enter element:"))
i=i+1
even=array.array('i',range(10))
odd=array.array('i',range(10))
j=0
k=0
l=0
#separating even and odd numbers into separate list
while (j<10):
if(a[j]%2==0):
even[k]=a[j]
k=k+1
else:
odd[l]=a[j]
l=l+1
j=j+1
#printing both the lists
print("The even list")
x=0
while (x<k):
print(even[x],end=" ")
x=x+1
print("\nThe odd list")
y=0
while (y<l):
print(odd[y],end=" ")
y=y+1

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Flashcards

A collection of data
What is a data structured together in a
structure? specific format is called a
data structure.

Real-life programs need to

handle tens of thousands of
Why are variables pieces of data. When
not enough for real- handling large amounts of
data, it is impossible to store
life programming? each piece of data in a
separate variable.

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Glossary

A form of data structure used to store a set of

Array data elements of the same data type in a certain
order.

A collection of data structured together in a

Data Structure
specific format.

A language construct that allocates space for

Declaration
variables and constants during compilation.

Data structures whose memory can expand or

Dynamic shrink depending upon the program’s need and
its execution.

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Quiz
1. Complete this sentence: Arrays are ……………… data structures.
A. Linear, homogenous and static
B. Linear, homogenous and dynamic
C. Non-linear, homogenous and static
D. Non-linear, non-homogenous and dynamic

2. Which of the following is TRUE about arrays?

A. Arrays store data in a certain order
B. All data in an array are of the same data type
C. Each element has a corresponding index value
D. All of the above

3. Complete this sentence: ……………… module is initiated from

Python library to work with arrays.
A. array
B. data structures
C. index
D. none of the above

3. Complete this sentence: Index of an array starts with ………………

A. 0
B. 1
C. -1
D. 2

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 Teach Computer Science

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 Teach Computer Science

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