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Tutorial 1

The document is a tutorial for the MA-203 & 423 Probability & Stochastic Process course at the Indian Institute of Technology Ropar for the 2024-25 academic year. It includes various problems related to probability axioms, partitions of sample spaces, and conditional probabilities, as well as practical scenarios involving probabilities of liking books, meeting times, and newspaper readership. The tutorial aims to enhance understanding of probability concepts through theoretical proofs and real-life applications.

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2023eeb1209
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36 views2 pages

Tutorial 1

The document is a tutorial for the MA-203 & 423 Probability & Stochastic Process course at the Indian Institute of Technology Ropar for the 2024-25 academic year. It includes various problems related to probability axioms, partitions of sample spaces, and conditional probabilities, as well as practical scenarios involving probabilities of liking books, meeting times, and newspaper readership. The tutorial aims to enhance understanding of probability concepts through theoretical proofs and real-life applications.

Uploaded by

2023eeb1209
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Indian Institute of Technology Ropar

Department of Mathematics
MA-203 & 423 - Probability & Stochastic Process
2nd semester of academic year 2024-25

Tutorial-1

1. For events A, B, and C, using probability axioms, prove the following:

(a) 0 ≤ P (A) ≤ 1.
(b) P (A ∪ B) = P (A) + P (B) − P (A ∩ B).
(c) P (A ∪ B ∪ C) = P (A) + P (B) + P (C) − P (A ∩ B) − P (A ∩ C) − P (B ∩ C) +
P (A ∩ B ∩ C).
(d) P (A ∩ B) ≥ P (A) + P (B) − 1.

2. Let S1 , S2 , . . . , Sn be a partition of the sample space Ω,


n
[
(i.e., Si = Ω, Si ∩ Sj = ∅ for i ̸= j).
i=1

(a) Show that for any event A,


n
X
P (A) = P (Si ∩ A).
i=1

(b) Use part (2a) to show that, for events A, B, and C,

P (A) = P (A ∩ B) + P (A ∩ C) + P (A ∩ B c ∩ C c ) − P (A ∩ B ∩ C).

3. Riya is bringing two books on her vacation: Atomic Habits and Rich dad & Poor
Dad. There is a 0.5 probability that she will like Atomic Habits, a 0.4 probability
that she will like Rich Dad & Poor Dad, and a 0.3 probability that she will like
both books. What is the probability that Riya will like neither of the books?

4. Romeo and Juliet have a date at a given time, and each will arrive at the meeting
place with a delay between 0 and 1 hour, with all pairs of delays being equally
likely. The first to arrive will wait for 15 minutes and will leave if the other has
not yet arrived. What is the probability that they will meet?

5. A group of 6 men and 6 women is randomly divided into 2 groups of size 6 each.
What is the probability that both groups will have the same number of men?

6. (a) Show that If P (A) > 0, then

P (AB|A) ≥ P (AB|A ∪ B)

(b) Let A ⊂ B. Express the following probabilities as simply as possible:

P (A|B), P (A|B c ), P (B|A), P (B|Ac )


7. Let a pair of fair dice be tossed. If the sum is 6, find th probability that one of
the dice is a 2.

8. A fair 4-sided die is rolled twice and we assume that all sixteen possible outcomes
are equally likely. Let X and Y be the result of the 1st and the 2nd roll, respec-
tively. We wish to determine the conditional probability P (A|B) where:

• A = {max(X, Y ) = m}
• B = {min(X, Y ) = 2}

where m takes each of the values 1, 2, 3, and 4.

9. In a hostel, 60% of the students read Hindi newspapers, 40% read English news-
papers, and 20% read both Hindi and English newspapers. A student is selected
at random.

(a) Find the probability that she reads neither Hindi nor English newspapers.
(b) If she reads a Hindi newspaper, find the probability that she reads an En-
glish newspaper.
(c) If she reads an English newspaper, find the probability that she reads a Hindi
newspaper.

10. Consider the flights starting from Paris to London. Among these flights, 85% de-
part on time and arrive on time, 8% depart on time and arrive late, 3% depart
late and arrive on time, and 4% depart late and arrive late. What is the probabil-
ity that, given a flight is delayed, it will arrive on time?

∗ ∗ ∗ ∗ ∗ ∗ ∗ End ∗ ∗ ∗ ∗ ∗ ∗ ∗

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