where c' is the last sub-chord.
(de flechan )distamdi)
Procedure for Setting Out the Curve find out their chainages as
explained
tangent points T, and T, and
(1) Locate the first sub-chord so that the first peg is the
full
earlier. Calculate the lenght (c) of the
station.
tape) along the first tangent to
(2) With zero mark at T,, spread the chain (or
sub-chord.
point A, on it such that T,4, =c= length of the first
(3) With T as centre and T4, as radius, swing the chain such that the arc
AA = calculated offset O,. Fix the point A on the curve.
(4) Spread the chain along TiA and pull it straight in this direction to point
B, such that the zero of the chain is at A and the distance AB, = C= length of the normal
chord.
(5) With zero of the chain centred at A and' AB, as radius, swing the chain to
a point Bsuch that B,B = 0, = length of the second offset. Fix the point B on the
curve.
(6) Spread the chain along AB and repeat the steps (4) and (5) till the point of
tangency (T,) is reached. All intermediate offsets will be equal to while the last offset
R
will be equal to 2R
(C+ c').
The last point so fixed must coincide with the point of tangency (T) fixed originally
Procedure for Setting out the Curve-kankine's Me tod
(1) Set the theodolite at the point of curve (T). With both plates clamped to
zero,
direct the theodolite to bisect the point of intersection (). The line of sight is thus in
the direction of the rear tangent.
(2) Release the vernier plate and set angle A, on the vernier. The line of sight
is thus directed along chord TA.
(3) With the zero end of the tape pointed at T and an arrow held at a distance
Ti4 =c along it, swing the tape around T, till the arrow is bisected by the cross-hairs.
Thus, the first point Ais fixed.
(4) Set the second deflection angle A, on the vernier so that the line of sight is
directed along T,B.
(5) With the zero end of the tape pinned at 4, and an arrow held at distance AB - c
along i., swing the tape around A till the arrow is bisected by the cross-hairs, thus fixing
the point B.
(6) Repcat steps (4) and (5) till the last point T, is reached.
Check : The last point so located must coincide with the point of tangency (T,) fixed
independently by measurements from the point of intersection. If the discrepancy is small.
last few pegs may be adjusted. If it is more, the whole curve should be reset.
In the case of the left hand curve, each of the calculated values of the detlection
angle (i.e. A,, A, etc.) , should be subtraced from 360°. The angles so obtained are to
be set on the vernier of theodolite for setting out the curve.
In the above method, three men are required : the surveyor to operate the theodolite,
and two chainmen to measure the chord lengths with chain or tape. This method is most
frequently used for setting out circular curves of large radius and of considerable length
equal to the deflection angle erdoi mefhod
Method of Setting Out the Curve Turo
-Two
other at P.T.(T).
(1) Set up one transit at P.C. (T) and.the
(2) Clamp both the plates of each transit to zero reading.
(3) With the zero reading, direct the line of sight of the transit at T; towards V.
Similarly, direct the line of sight of the other transit at 7, towards T, when the reading
is zero. Both the transits are thus correctly oriented.
(4) Set the reading of each of the transits to the deflection angle for the first point
A. The line of sight of both the theodolites are thus directed towards A along TA and
T4 respectively.
(5) Move a ranging rod or an arrow in such a way that it is
by croSs-hairs of both the instruments. Thus, point A is bisected simultaneously
fixed.
(6) To fix the second point B, set
reading A, on both the instruments and bisect
the ranging rod.
(7) Repeat steps (4) and (5) for
The method isexpensive Since location of all the points.
ba method is nost two instruments and two
accurate since each point is
surveyors are required. However,
arror in setting out one pomt 1S fixed
independently of the others. An
not Carried right
of tangential angles. through the curve as in the
Procedure for Setting Out the Curve Taceometnevmetcd
(1) Set the tacheometer at T and sight the point of
1S ro. The line of sight is thus intersection () when the reading
oriented along the rear tangent.
(2) Set the angle A on the vernier, thus directing
the line of sight along T4.
(3) Direct a staffman to move in the direction T4 till
the calculated staff intercept
S is obtained. The staff is generally held
vertical. Thus, the first point 4 is fixed.
(4) Set the angle A now, thus directing the line of sight
along TB. Move the
staff backward or forward along TB until the staff intercept s: is
the point B. obtained, thus fixing
(5) Fix other points similarly.
Since the staff intercept increases with its distance from the
tacheometer, accurate
Staff reading is not possible when the distances along the whole chords become too large.
In that case, the curve is to be located by shifting tacheonmeter to the last
point located
on the curve.
