{

Chap-04
Algorithm and
Flowcharts
< Akshara Chavan >

... }
Algorithms
01 It is a list of precise steps.
The order in which these steps are carried out is always crucial
to the way an algorithm works.

Algorithms can be written in many different

02
ways
including everyday natural language, pseudocode, flowcharts
or programming languages.

03 linear progression
linear progression, that is the result of one statement
is used in the statements that follow.
key actions /
common terms used
in pseudocode:
Inputting data: INPUT or READ
outputting data: WRITE or PRINT
}
calculation: +, -, *, / »
comparison: >,<,=, <>
Setting values:
4.1.1 { ..
Writing an algorithm

} ..
{ ..
Input
and
output
} ..
Input and output

} ..
{ ..

Conditional
branching

} ..
Conditional branching

*
Conditional branching means that
certain statements are carried out
depending on the value stored within a
particular variable name.
● IF…THEN…ELSE
● CASE…ENDCASE.
IF…THEN

} ..
IF…THEN…ELSE

} ..
 Example-01

}
 Example-02
an exam system where if a student gains 75 or
more marks, they are awarded a distinction;
if they get between 60 and 74 marks, they are
awarded a merit; between 40 and 59 marks the
student is awarded a pass; otherwise, they
fail the course.

} ..
CASE…ENDCASE ...
Example-01
Example-01
{ ..

Loops

} ..
 Loops
There are three ways a loop operates.
1. Count-controlled loop
2. Pre-condition loop
3. Post-condition loop
{ .. Concept of counting
If a loop is to be repeated a certain number of times, it is
usual to set up a counter.

} ..
 FOR…NEXT

}
FOR…NEXT…STEP
WHILE…ENDWHILE

} ..
REPEAT…UNTIL

}
..
 REPEAT…UNTIL
You may use another technique for finishing a loop. You can come out of a loop by inputting a
rogue value (i.e. a value that is out of the ordinary).
For example, supposing you needed to write an algorithm which added up a set of numbers. If all
the numbers to be added consisted of numbers less than 100 you could end the loop by inputting
a rogue value such as 999 as follows

}
..
REPEAT…UNTIL
NESTED LOOPS
NESTED LOOPS
NESTED LOOPS
{ ..

Procedures/
subroutines

} ..
 Procedures/subroutines
{ ..
A subroutine is a sequence of algorithm
statements that perform a specific task. This
subroutine can then be used in other
algorithms as and when needed.

} ..
House builder who needs to
know the area of the top
part of a brick wall
underneath the roof. He or
she wants to calculate the
number of bricks to be
used. Such a house is shown
in the figure below, with
the area which needs to be
calculated indicated as a
red triangle. The other
areas which would need to
be calculated are rectangle
shapes.

}
{
File
handling

... }
4.2 { ..
Flowcharts
} ..
Common flowchart symbols
 *
Central
heating
system
flowchart
Practical exercise 05

Write a Java program to convert a binary

number into a hexadecimal number.

Input data:

Input a binary number: 10010

Expected output:

Hexadecimal value: D
 Tablet
{ mockup
You can replace the image on the
screen with your own work. Just
right-click on it and select
“Replace image”

}
{ Phone
mockup
You can replace the image on
the screen with your own
work. Just right-click on it
and select “Replace image”

... }
{ .. This is a map
Venus
Venus is the
second planet from
the Sun
Mercury
Mercury is the
closest planet to
the Sun

Mars
Despite being red,
Mars is a very
cold place
.. }
 A timeline always works well

{ Venus is the
second planet from
the Sun
Despite being red,
Mars is a very
cold place
*
Mercury is the Jupiter is the
closest planet to biggest planet of
the Sun them all
}
 Infographics are useful

{ .. Mars Venus
Mars is a Solar Venus is a
red planet hot planet
System
Mercury Jupiter
Mercury is Jupiter is a
very small gas giant

} ..
Practical exercise 06
Write a Java program to check whether Java
is installed on your computer.

Expected output:

Java Version: 1.8.0_71

Java Runtime Version: 1.8.0_71-b15
Java Home: /opt/jdk/jdk1.8.0_71/jre
Java Vendor: Oracle Corporation
Java Vendor URL:
http://Java.oracle.com/
Java Class Path: .
 Use tables to represent data

{ Team A Team B Team C Team D

Mercury 0.06 0.53 0.38 0.38

Mars 0.11 9.4 0.53 0.78

Saturn 95.2 1.16 9.4 1.16

}
 You can use this graph
Gráfico

Mercury
Mercury is the
smallest planet
Venus
Venus has very
high temperatures
*
Jupiter Saturn
Jupiter is the Saturn is a gas
biggest planet giant with rings

Follow the link in the graph to modify its data and then paste the new one here. For more info, click here
Practical exercise 07

Write a Java program to reverse a string.

Input data:

Input a string: My dog’s name is

Ralph

Expected output:

Reverse string: hplaR si eman s‘god

yM
 Our team

{ ..
*
Sofia Hill Alex Harris
You can speak a bit You can speak a bit
about this person here about this person here

.. }
Thanks!
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