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The document outlines a comprehensive English communication course aimed at enhancing students' skills in various forms of communication, including listening, speaking, reading, and writing. It covers topics such as types of communication, grammatical skills, and exercises in written communication, emphasizing the importance of effective interaction in academic and professional settings. The course encourages the use of diverse teaching materials and methods to foster a deeper understanding of communication in different contexts.
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
171 views33 pagesUnit 1 Introduction
The document outlines a comprehensive English communication course aimed at enhancing students' skills in various forms of communication, including listening, speaking, reading, and writing. It covers topics such as types of communication, grammatical skills, and exercises in written communication, emphasizing the importance of effective interaction in academic and professional settings. The course encourages the use of diverse teaching materials and methods to foster a deeper understanding of communication in different contexts.
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We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
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/ 33
ABILITY EXHAI!S2SENT COURSE
SKILLS E> :NT COURSE
ER al
7 ;
@ Whatis communication ?
(us oe samtmunication (Horizontal, Vertical, Interpersonal, Grapevine).
h) Distneth tunication, Inter-cultural communication, Communication today,
) © stinet features of Indianisation, alternative texts of language leaming, global English
and English in the print and electronic media in India.
UNIT 2: The Four Skills and Prospect of new
material in language learning : 3146
@ Listening Passive and active, Speaking effective, intelligibility and clarity
Gi) Methods and techniques of reading such as skimming, scanning and searching for
information. Reading to understand the literal, metaphorical and suggested meaning
of a passage,
(ii) Identifying the tong (admiring, accusatory, ironical, sympathetic, evasive, indecisive,
ambiguous, natural etc.) of the writer and view-points.
(iv) Cohesive and Coherent writing.
UNIT 3: Grammatical and Composition Skills : 47-148
(@ Doing exercises the filling in the blanks, correcting errors, choosing correct forms out
ofaltemative choices, joining clauses, rewriting sentences as directed, and replacing
indicated sections with single words / opposites / synonyms, choosing to use correct
Punctuation marks, gettings to understand and use formal and informal styles, leaming
tounderstand the usages of officialese, sexism, racism, jargon.
(i) Learning to understand information structure of the sentence such as topic-focus
relationship, strategies of thematization, postponement, emphasis, structural
compression (deletion of redundant part, nominalization, cleft, and pseuco-cleft
sentences, eliptical stractures etc.) Logical Connectors between sentences, Methods
of developing a paragraph, structure of an essay and methods of develofiing an
essay.
UNIT 4 : Exercises in Written Communications : 149-204
@ Precis writing
(i) Note-taking skills
(ai) Writing reports
(iv) Guidelines and essentials of official correspondence for making enquities, complaints
and replies.
(¥)_Making representations, writing letters of application for jobs, writing CV, writing
letters to the editor and social appeals in the form of letters / pamphlets. SYLLABUS
Introduction : This paper intends to build up the four primary skills in students in the academic as
wellas in the wider domains of use like public offices” The books recommended only provide guidelines
Six shat to teach and the list is in no way exhaustive Teachers must be free and resourceful enough to
on thetr own. and even use newspaper clippings as teaching materials,
fused, goal-oriented, functional course in English Communication, which aims
3d efficient communicators by helping them to be self-reflexive about English
‘This course has 2 pre-defined context of being supportive and complementary to the core courses to
¥artous disciplines. Therefore, unlike most other courses in English Communication on offer_It does not
seek to build facile fluency that passes off as communicative competence Rather. 1 intends to equip the
Stadents with the uills of presentation and expression needed in the academic as well as in the
Professional domains of communicative use. While reading skills exercises are meant to promote the
oquisiticn of analytical and comprehension skills, writing skills exercises are centered on sentence
coustruction. paragraph development and precis writing. Teachers must be free and flexible enough in
Telation to teaching matenals, using newspaper clippings. non-conventional and multimedia resources in
the classroom. There is simple scope to build the speaking and listening skills of students in the way the
course is d with an emphasis on interactive learing and articulation.
UNIT 1: Introduction:
@ — Whatis communication ?
@ Types of communication (Horizontal. Vertical, Interpersonal. Grapevine).
(©) Useof communication. Inter-cultural communication, Communication today.
() Distnc: features of indianisation, alternative texts of language leaming, global English and English
in the print and electronic media in India.
UNIT 2 : The Four Skills and Prospect of new material in language learning :
@ _ Listening Passive and active, Speaking effective. intelligibility and clarity.
(@) Methods and techniques of reading such as skimming. scanning and searching for information,
Reading to understand the literal, metaphorical and suggested meaning of a passage.
G)_Iéentifiing the tong (admiring, accusatory, ironical, sympathetic, evasive, indecisive, ambiguous,
“sriter and view-points.
(@)_Cobestve and Coherent writing.
UNIT 3 : Grammatical and Composition Skills :
@ Domg exercises like filling in the blanks, correcting errors, choosing correet forms out of alternative
choices, jomning clauses, rewriting sentences as directed, and replacing indicated sections with
single words ' opposites / smnonyms, choosing to use correct punctuation marks, getting to
understand and use formal and informal styles, learning to understand the usages of officialese,
sexism, racism, jargon.
G) Learning to understand information structure of the sentence such as topic-focus relationship,
‘Srategics of thematization, postponement, emphasis, structural compression (deletion of redundant
Part, nominalization, cleft, and pseuco-cleft sentences, eliptcal stractures etc.). Logical Connectors
between sentences, Methods of developing a paragraph, structure of an essay and methods of
developing an essay.
UNIT 4: Exercises in Written Communications :
@ — Precis writing
Gi) Note-taking skills
Gi) Writing reports
(74) Guidelines and essentials of official correspondence for making enquiries, complaints and replies.
(0) Making representations, writing letters of spplication for jobs, writing CV, writing letters to the
editor and social appeals in the form of letters / pamphlets.
a INTRODUCTION
(i) What is communication ?
(ii) Types of communication (Horizontal, Vertical, Interpersonal, Grapevine).
(iii) Use of communication, Inter-cultural communication, Communication
today.
(iv) Distinct features of Indianisation, alternative texts of language learning,
global English and English in the print and electronic media in India.
GROUP-A
Write she. answer of sue following questions in one sentences.
1, From which word is the word “communication derived” ?
Ans. Word communication is derived from the latin word “Communis”.
2. What is the meaning of the word “Communis” ?
Ans. Meaning of the word “Communis” is common.
3. Whatis Communication ?
Ans. Communication is the process of meaningful interaction among human beings.
4, Why commucation is necessary ?
Ans. Communication is necessary to deal with change in an effective way.
5. Who should have excellent communication skills ?
Ans. Bussiness executives should have excellent communication skills,
6. Why do they use Communication ?
Ans. They use communication to communicate their competling vision and motivate the
persons or parties concerned.
7. Write a definition of communication.
Ans. Communication is an exchange of facts, ideas, opinions or emotions by two or
more persons. :
8. Who said - “Communication is an exchange of facts, ideas, opinions by two or
more persons” ?
Ans. W.H. Norman and Summer said.
9. What is one way communication ?
Ans. One-way communication is that communication where no feed back is received
from the reciever. eae) EXCELLENT
10. How many elements are there in communication process ?
Ans. There are seven elements in communication process,
11. What is two-way Communication ?
Ans. Feed back from the receiver is received in two-way communication.
12. What is formal Communica ion?
Ans, Communition made on the,
called formal communication.
13. Give some examples of fromal communication ?
Ans. Departmental meetings, conferences, circulars, interviews ctc.
14. Whatis verbal communication ?
Ans. Communication through words and languages is called verbal communication,
15. What is non-verbal communication ? :
‘Ans. Communication through symbols is called non-verbal communication.
16. What is horizontal communie: ?
Ans. Horizontal communcaition is the flow of information among the peers or ‘employees
ofsame rank ina unit,
17. What is horizontal communication ?
Ans. Vertical communication is the flow of message between the superiors and sub-
ordinates,
18. What do you mean by interpersonal communication ?
Ans. Exchange of information, feelings and meaning amoing people through verbal and
non-verbal ways is called interpersonal communication.
19. What is grapevine communication ?
Ans. Communication which takes place out side work place is called grapevine
communication,
20. What is the other name of grapevine communication ?
Ans. The other name of grapevine communication is informal communication.
21. Whatis inter-cultural communication ?
Ans. Communication or sharing of information among the people of different cultures is
called as inter-cultural communication.
22. Whatis Indianism ?
Ans. Influence of Indian languages on English is called Indianism.
23. What are the different uses of communication ?
Ans. Communication is used for business, official, cultural, social and personal Purposes,
24. What are the alternative texts of language learning ?
Ans. Alternative texts of language learning are-softwares, web-sites, apps, multimedia etc,
25. What is global English ? .
Ans. Global English is the common English language used for international
communication,
26. What means of communication is used to day ?
Ans, Wireless and electronic means of communication ifused today.
is of hicrarchy, accountability and authority is +3 ENGLISH COMMUNICATION WIS
GROUP -B
1. Write about different forms and means of communication.
Ans. Different means of communication are-face-to face or telephone conversation,
reading and writing reports, letters, memos and e-mails.
2. Why and how is communication a social process ?
Ans. Communication is a social process. Ifenables everyone in the society to satisfy
his basic needs through exchange of through written, spoken or non-verbal message.
3. Write about the role of message in communication.
Ans. Message blaes an important role in communication. Desired information is
communicated through message only.
4, Write a definition of communication ?
‘Ans. According to D.E. Mc Farland — ‘Communication may be broadly defined as the
process of meaningful interaction among human being”.
5, Write about formal communication.
‘Ans. Formal communication refers to the communication that flows among officially
recognised positions for smooth, orderly and finely flow of information.
6. Write about lateral communication.
‘Ans. Lateral communication or horizontal communication that flows between persons
‘ofequalrank. Its purpose isto exchange information, co-ordination among various departments
etc.
7. Write about interpersonal communication.
+ Ans. Interpersonal communication takes place between persons. Such type of
communication is informal and oral or verbal.
8. Give two examples of interpersonal communication.
Ans, Examples of interpersonal communication are—(a) Two friends having a quiet
chat and (b) A group of co-workers meeting to decide how to use their budget for the next
year.
9. Write about the types of grapevine communication.
Ans. Types of grapevine communication are - the wheel, the culture, the chain and free
flow,
10. Write about vertical communication.
Ans. Flow of message between superiors and subordinates within an organization is
knownas vertical communication. It may be downward or upward communication. XCELLENT
Ka EH =
GROUP-C
Write short notes on —
1. Features of communication. . ;
Ans, There are some essential features of communication. It is a dynamic process
where required message is encaded by the sender. The receiver decides the Essa? and
sends feedback, It is also a continuous process, aystematic and universal. People from any
comer of the world communicate each other. Communication is unavoidable for bussiness,
Because the enterpreneur of business personnel require to communicate With the customers,
2. Effective communication. .
Ans. Effective communication creates an impression upon the receiver to understand
the message or information exactly as per the sender. It creates an effect upon the receiver. It
is a two way communication. It transfers message with transmition of understanding. It is
consciously and carefully planned.
3. One way communicatio1 ik :
Ans. One-way communication is that type of communication where no feed back is
received from the receiver. In this communication both the sender and thereveiver are evaluated.
They are not interdependent. The sender conveys the message and the receiver makes the
meaning ofhis own.
4. Formal communication.
Ans. Formal communication is built upon the bases of, heirarchy, authority and
accountability. Departmental meetings, conferences, circulars, company news, interviews etc,
are the examples of formal communication. Formal communication may be upwards downward
or lateral.
5. Informal Communication.
Ans. It isotherwise known as gropevine communication. Communication which takes
place outside the formal prescribed and planned network or channel. It normally takes place
outside the workplace between the employees. They communicate while coming to the
workplace, inthe canteen during lunch etc. when they come together, they ave likely to hear or
ass on information about their happiness in the organization.
6. Horizontal communication.
Ans. Horizontal communication is the flow of information among peers or employees
ofsame rank, within the same unit. For example the administration division holds a weekly
Staff meeting at which three employees, Jena, Lorry and Eric exchange information about the
status of their operation. i
7. Vertical Communication,
Ans. Flow of message of information between superiors and subordinates is called
vertical communication of may be downward flowing from the superiors to subordinates or
upward flowing from the lower to the Pugher,
8. Interpersonal Communication. \
Ans. Interpersonal communication is derived from the latin word ‘Inter’ which means.
between. Interpersonal communication is the “communication between persons, It happens +3 ENGLISH COMMUNICATION 5
wherever there a ic
uli here, are several people communicating with each other. It maybe verbal, written
h gestures, lp reading, dancing, giving gets of os
9. Uses of Communication, ‘
eaeats No bussiness today can run without communication. It has becomea part and
usiness world. Communication is used for interview fro jobs. It is also used for
negotiation. It helps in presentation and ie it mmunication adresses al
s sal i
on les promotion, written cot dresses all
10. Indianism.
a Ans, English in India is influenced by Indian regional languages, dilects, cultures etc.
7 is called Indianism mother tongue also influences english in India. As English is taught as
second language, learners are acquanded with translating english from regional languages.
Therefore it is difficult on the part ofa native: speaker of english to understand Indian English.
11. Global English. r
Ans. Global English is otherwise unown as international english. It is a means of
demonstrating that English is spokenes every part ofthe world, both speakers within a particular
country where it is native and the first language an in other countries where it is second
12. Alternative texts of language learning.
Ans. Besides prescribed text books, there are some other texts which enriches learning
of the concemed text. These alternative texts include reference books, related articles from
print and electronic media. Besides there are some IT tools which can be used as effective
and self learning texts. Some of these are different apps, websites, live devices such as
YOUTUBE ete.
13. Multimedia as an alternative text.
Ans. Open and distance education now have become a com popular and common
phenomena. This coupt is based on selflearning and self preparation students are required to
prepare themselves home. Therefore, these universities prepare teaching and learning devices
through multimedia. Through these materials leamers follow the teachings of the teachers as if
in the class-room.
14. International Business English.
Ans. Globalization has made a drastic change in the field of v celd business. MNCs
have entered into worldwide business. So an internation business communication has been
developed to bring an uniformity in world business sector. These corporate and MNCs have
developed a common english for such communication which has been globally used as
International business English all over the world.
15. English in the print and electronic media.
Ans. Print and electronic media English has been changed over a period of time. It
differs in countries. It is because print and media English is decy influenced by culture.
Abbreviations are widely used fro commonly known shings. With the development of global
english, practice of phonetics has made electronic media engli universally understandable. EXCELLENT
GROUP-D f
Q.1., What is Communication and what are the different types of communication ?
AnsyCommunication is as old as human life on the earth. Since time immemorial it has
been an integral part of human life and society. The word ‘communicate’ is derived from the
latin word ‘commnicare’ and the French word ‘communis’. Both the words mean ‘to give to
another’. The Oxford Advance Leamers’ Dictionary defines communication as “The activity
Process of expressing ideas and it slings of giving people information”. Social interaction
which is the basic need of man is impossible without communication. To communicate with
one another isa human need. Human relationship is impossible without human communication.
So man is called not only social animal but also a communicating being. He is the only animal *
gifted with the ability to express thoughts in words. Communication is the story ofman and his
efforts to express effectivelyHuman civilization woud not have developed to this extent without
communication. The ancieftt people long before they could invent language, communicated to
one another through loud gluttoral sounds. Before invention of written script our forefathers
communicated through pictures, These hierographical pictures on the papyrus rolls of Egyptians
or on the walls are the testimonials to the rudimentary stages of communication. The urge to
reach out to others, to be listened to and to be understood has encouraged men, women and
children from time immemorial to communicate with cach other, individually as well as en
masse, Hence communication can be defined as an exchange of facts, ideas, opinions or
emotions by two or more persons through a common systemof'symbols,
Some definitions of Communication -
Communication is too broad a term to define. It is defined, understood and used in
different ways by people from different walks of life and different institutions.
“Communication is the exchange of meaning between individuals through a common
system of symbols’ - Encyclopaedia Britanica. |
“Communication is a process of passing information and understanding from one person
to another” - Keith Davis.
“Communication is a dynamic process that individuals use to exchange ideas, relate
experiences and share desires through speaking, writing, gestures or sign language”.
- Glenn and & Smith.
“Communication is the sum ofall things one person does when he wants to create
uriderstanding in the minds of another. If involves a systematic and continuous process of
telling, listening and understanding” -Allen Louis,
Communication can be described as “the successful transmission of information through
acommon system of symbols, signs behaviour, speech, writing or signals”. 3
Communication is the reciprocal sharing with individuals of written oraland non-verbal
information according to a set ofrules of language. :
Types of Communication - ‘
Communication flows in different forms. To get success in business communication
plays an important role. It maximises the possibility of success. The most common types of ‘3 ENGLISH COMMUNICATION enw)
communication are—
(a) Horizontal
(b) Vertical
(a) Grape vine 2
C@) Horizontal Communication - Horizontal communication is the transmission of
information between people, divisions, departments or units within the same level of
organisational hierarchy, It is different trom vertical communication which is the transmission
ofinformation between different levels of organisational hierarchy, Horizontal communication
isknownas lateral communication.\This is the primary method of co-ordinating the various
units and departments of an organlsation. It is gssential to coordinate or integrate all the
diverse units ofan organisation form smooth running and effective management) Horizontal or
lateral communication needs to be effectively used to socialize people into the system of
organisation and create a sense of belongingness among them, It helps to facilitate the process
of problem solving and to promote friendly and cooperative spirit ¢ mong employees of the
organisation,
© Examples -
() Telephonic conversation
i) Face to face communication
(iii) Meetings
(iv) Letters,
(v)Memos /
Advantages - Horizontal communication has some advantages like -
(i) It decreases misunderstanding between departments ofan org ion.
(ii) It increases efficiency and productivity and reduces conformation and contusion.
(ii) It helps in better implementation of official and orders for organisational development.
(iv) It allows employee 5 at lower level to coordinate with each other directly.
(v) It facilitates team work ina betterand effective manner,
(vi) It helps to increase job satisfaction and motivation,
(vii) Italso helps in creating employee empowerment inan organisation,
Disadvantages -
( (i) It causes problems for management to controlemployees.
(ii) It provides management much control and power with more flow of information.
(iii) Ifcreates conflict between employees by exposing each other: ‘openly.
(iv) It consumes more time ofan organisation,
(v) Ifcreates a lack of discipline without imposition of strict procedural niles,
(vi) It brings rivalry, territoriality, specialisation and lack of motivation, }
{ (B) Vertical Communication - Vertical communication or two way communication is
the communication where the management can give directives and send information downward,
It can also help to receive periodic information from subordinates about effectiveness of their
directives and progress of the organisation, Vertical communication can be upward and
. / EXCELLENT
a ’t flow direct
downward communication, In this channel of communication messages a ie verted
from top to bottom or vice vers They come through a saa ‘Seas, information and
communication provides a proper channel to management 10 transmit i ie ‘which i calle
instruction to employees. It enables to communicate their response UPWé
ward communication, i
7 Example - The following can be taken as examples of upward communication
\o Feelings
ii) Attitudes
(iii) Opinions
(iv) Suggestions
‘v) Complaints -
; Oe a comm i¢ation flows froma higher level of authority to a lower level of authority
it is called a down ward communication.
( Example - Downward communication can be written or oral.
\ Written form of down ward communication are -
() mamuals
(ii) handbooks
(iii) notices
(iv) electronic news display
Oral media of down ward communication are -
(i) Face of face conversation
(i) Telephonic conversation
(ii) Speeches
Gv) Meetings )
Definitions-
1. L.C. Bove defines vertical communication as ‘A flow of ihformation’s up and down
the organisations hierarchy’.
2. Stoner and Freeman define it as ‘A communication which consists of communication
* up and down the organisation s chain ofcommand’,
3. According to Rickyand W. Griffin ‘vertical communication is communications mat
flows both up and down the organisation along formal reporting lines’.
Advantages -
| @ Helps to convey message of sub-ordinates
~ The upward direction of vertical communication system helps the management to convey
their suggestions, complains and recommendations to the sub ordinates,
(i) Maintains positive relation between labour and management
— The vertical communication isa systematic flow of communication which helps to create
good relationship between authority and subordinates,
(ii) Brings organisational discipline
— The chain of command in vertical communication system: develops a sense of discipline
among the employees. +3 ENGLISH COMMUNICATION
(iv) Explains plans and policies
— The vertical communication system gives the scope to upper level management to send
policies and procedures to the sub-ordinates.
(v) Effective decision making and decentralization
- The information from subordinates helps in decision
duties and responsibilities among department ‘)
Disadvantages -
(@ Delays the process
= Vertical communication system maintains a long chain of command ina large organisation
which makes delay in the process of work,
(ii) Disturbs discipline c and reduces efficiency ~ a
— Any doubt of the sub-ordinate employees for the boss brings indiscipline and workers
king and decentralization of
become inefficient
(Gi) Loss or distortion of information -
— Information through this communication loose, its originality when itis fabricated by the
employees.
(iv) Affects relationship -
— This communication system gives scope for misunderstanding between superior and
subordinates.
(¥) Slow system and negligence of superiors -
— Asthe slowest communication method, vertical communication passes through various
levels of organisation for which the superiors sometimes neglect to send messages to
subordinates )
(O,, Interpersonal Communication :
/ Language is nothing but sub vocal speech, Communication is
it continuously takes place within us irrespective of the presence o|
communication is the process by which people exchange information, f
through verbal and nonverbal messages. It is face to face communication, [tis a tran
between peopleand their environment, which includes other individuals suchas friend
children co-workers and even strangers) Interpersonal communication is not just about what
is actually said and the language uscd but how it is said and the non-verbal m s sent
through tone of voice, facial expressions, gestures and body language. Some kinds of
interpersonal communication that are commonly used is formal settings within any business
organisation include staff mectings, formal project discussions and employee performance
reviews, Besides that there are a number of articles of inter personal communication. These
are-
n on-going process and
licence. Interpersonal
ings and the meaning
ction
family,
( @ Empathy :
(ii) Assertiveness
(iii) Cultural Sensitivity
(iv) Perseverance ms EXCELLENT
ORES son's feeling is called empath lt
(i) Empathy - The ability to understand enol a EEmpathyenhances the sensitiv
begins with awareness of such feelings ike pleasure an’ Pe tions by enabling you to py,
to relate with another person’s expressed or unexpresse
nurselfin their shoes before taking action. e’s own conviction th,
vy (ii) Assertiveness - sperteeest is the ability to San ocd and heart. Hearty
following others direction. This quality enables one to follow i sie for others”. It means
explains it as “A type of behaviour based on self-respect and I ‘ rating others feelings ang
handling people with confidence and self-assurance while respe vot about being a wings
acknowledging their rights”. Heartley explains that assertiveness IS
but about rending a comprehensive solution. ,
(iii) Cattural / Sensitivity - Cultura sensitivity depends on the ee eae
is built up over a period of time. The most important. and influential is Ic 7 , lares
within the territorial boundary of one’s country. The cultural sensitivity enables one 10 connect
and build successful relationship with people before going to other cultures. .
(iv) Perseverance - Perseverance is the ability to continue the efforts to achieve the
desired goal. The truth is that only small percentage of people ever achieve their full potential
and those who do are the ones who preserve towards their goals.
Uses of interpersonal communication:
Interpersonal Communication is a key life skill and can be used to-
(i) Givesand collects information
(ii) Influence the attittide and behaviour of others,
(iii) Forms contacts and maintain relationships,
(iv) Makes sense of the world and our experiences in it.
(v) Expresses personal needs and understand the needs of others,
(vi) Gives and receives emotional support,
(vii) Makes decisions and solves problems,
(viii) Anticipates and predicts behaviour.
GRAPEVINE :
: f Communication is the backbone of an organisation or business farm. It is communication
that allowsa small group of people to manage thousands of people eflectively. The style and
mode of communication varies from person to person and place to place, So there are two
ee ie mead Paina informe ‘When the information is communicated
, ats nority, formal communication. Upward, downward
and horizontal communication are. examples of formal communication) The t s of inf
communication are grapevine and consensus. p nerve pes finial
set of rules and regulations besides that, it is not confined to a Particular direction, but just +3 ENGLISH COMMUNICATION WAMIKA)
spreads like grapevine. The formal channels of communication are systematic, but not speedy
orspontancous, The formals are slow and expensive where as the grapevine is non-expensive
and most rapid oral method of transmitting the information to a maximum. number of receivers,
Grapevine is described as the barometer of public opinion in the organisation. .
Hence ‘Grapevine’ is defined as “instructured and informal network formed on social
relationship rather than organisational charts or job descriptions. It is actually an informal
vehicle through which message flows throughout the organisation”. ;
Grapevine isa channel through which the actual communication between various troops
of the organisation takes place and gives the desired outcome, Since it is unstructured and not
under complete control of management, it moves through the organisation in every. direction.
Itmoves upward, downward, diagonally, within and without chains of command between
workers and managers and even with and without a company. It gives out an idea that grapevine
isnot a form of communication which flows ina structural path.
Definitions of Grapevine:
1. { According to Bovee “Grapevine is an informal interpersonal channel of information not
officially sanctioned by the organisation”.
2. RW. Griffin defines grapevine as “An jhformal communication network that can
permeate an organisation”.
3. News torm and K. Davil opines that “Grapevine is an informal system that arises
spontancously from the social interaction of the organisation”.
So Grapevine is an informal and personal communication channel or system that takes
place within the organisation as a result of rumour and gossip. It is a complex web of oral
information flow linking all the members of the organisation.
Types of Grapevine - d
f Prof. Keith Davis classifies grapevine into four basic types
\. (a) Single strand chain
(b) Gossip chain
(0) Probabiliychain
(d) Cluster Chain
Advantages and disadvantages of Grapevine Communication
The advantages of grapevine communication
(1) Helps in complete of work - The information is given by the top level management
under the formal system. It is easy for the employees to take the explanation by the informal
system. So grapevine s system plays a vital role for interpretation and completion ofa work.
(2) Helps to present the grievance - Under the informal system, the employees
disclose their needs, sentiment and their emotions to authority without hesitation,
(3) An alternative to reach the employees -The management of an organisation is
not ableto reach all information by formal system. Informal system covers the gap of familiarity
and providesan alternative to reach theemployees,
3 HS nee Heelies - aeeouem ‘between workers and the management can
solved easily by an informal system. So it makes good relationshiy
and the management. m ied Ri ep ees * even though the upper level of management put an ¢!
EXCELLENT
se if does not follow officia
ia
retend that any
Disadvantages: 5 beca
(1) Not trustworthy- Grapevine is not trustworthy confirmed repo!
path of communication and is spread more by gossips ote are made just t0 P
(2) Wrong information - Most of the times rum
individual is full of information about any particular.
(3) Hampers good will - Grapevine hampers
particular individual. tes
Conclusion : Joyer cannot be stoppeq
The grapevine communication among the employees ar mas eommunical ion is q
eu oes at it, But it can be positively used as
spontaneous activity, an organisation cannot stop or prevel rganisation.
amedium channel between the employee and employee in the one
Q.2. What are the important uses of ‘Communication?
Ans : Uses of Communication : 7 jon tec!
Introduction~The world of ghbalization and the development of informatio
has made communication an inevitable part of modem life. Global ‘al uy has facilitated he
process of integration of humanity through human interaction. Tecl he world. In the proces,
exchange of information ideas, emotions and feelings faster across t " vend mavege th
time and space have been compressed. However the necessity to con ‘he He .
information and ideas more effectively and humanly has become the need 0 ues 0
communication which is defined as the process of passing information and understan ing from
+ one person to another has gained maximum attention, It has become imperative a one and
all to process excellent communication skills to achieve success in life. To think of success in
business world without communications is a myth and impossibility. The success of any
organisation depends more on communication than on capital. |
There has been rapid changes in the world of business. The business environment has
become highly competitive and largely depend on strategic communication for their survival
and growth. The existence and sustainable growth ofa modern business organisation largely
depend on effective and meaningful communication. So effective communication is the vital
key to the success ofa person and an organisation. Elieen Scholes defines that “Communication
is at the heart of the organisation. It is the key to organisational success. It exists in everything
we say or do and also in things we can’t say and don’t do. It is the essence of the organisation
and all pervasive.”
‘Uses of Communication at workplace :
Organisations are totally dependent on communication whichis defined as the exchange
of ideas, messages or information by speech, signals or writing. Communication can be
Compared with the artery system ofa business organisation. Ifcommunication is diminished or
‘hampered, the entire organisation suffers. But when communication is thorough, accurate and
timely, the organisation becomes vibrant and efficient Business communication is all about
effective interaction within and outside the walls ofa business organisation. Communication is
not only an essential aspect of organisational set up, but effective communication can also be
ere good will of the organisation or any +3 ENGLISH COMMUNICATION DIAS)
seen 2s the foundation of modem organisations. Change is both inevitable and desirable in
bustiess o:ganisations and itis controlled by effective communication.
Purposes of Communication:
‘The several purposes and uses of communication are-
-To get! give informetion
-To express oneself
-To kelp each other
-Toleem
-To emertain
-To advise
- To command. direct, control and co-ordinate
-To praise, blame, complain, deceive
-Tomothate.
Uses of Communication :
In an organisation communication is at the heart. The basic uses and functions of
communication i zn organisation are to uniform, persuade and motivate. Effective organisational
communication is the key to success of an organisation. However the broad functions of
communication in an organisation is essential for
- Information
Information :
Communication is essential to enquire, supply and receive information through various
smears such as spoken or written language, symbols, signs and signals. Ifknowledge is power,
then one of its chef components is information. It is the means achieved by communication to
realize ends and goals. The idea of information within an organisation is to provide data or
information so that employees can effectively complete their job. Information ensures that an
employee is aware of the rules and procedures of an organisation. It also eliminates job
uncertainty for workers when they are fully informed. There are three types of information.
(i) Downward moving information
(i) Upward moving information
(ii) Horizontal moving information EXCELLENT
7 instruct a person OF an emplo
Communication is important to advise and instruct @ P
i Yee op
7 i ituation. Advice of prop ot&
Organisation about Particular course inaction in a particule i business: organisation at |
