PREFACE

“Science
is a way of thinking much more than it is a body of
knowledge”
Our endeavor is to present the content of this workbook as simple as
possible and interesting to enable the learners to enjoy the subject. Variety
of questions have been incorporated in this workbook as per the syllabus.
The content of each topic has been explained briefly with the help of mind
map and value points.
The idea is to acquaint the topography of questions and solve them
independently.
The focus is towards enhancing the 21st century skills in our young learners.

Department of Science (Senior Wing)

Rotary Public School Gurgaon
Sector -22, Gurugram
 CONTENTS

S.NO. NAME OF CHAPTER PAGE NO.

1 Diversity In Living World 1- 6

2 Mindful Eating: A Path To A Healthy Body 7 – 12

3 Exploring Magnets 13 – 18

4 Measurement of Length and Motion 19 – 24

5 Materials Around Us 25 - 29

6 Temperature and Its Measurement 30 – 34

7 A Journey Through States of Water 35 – 39

8 Methods Of Separation in Everyday Life 40 – 44

9 Living Creatures: Exploring their Characteristics 45 – 49

10 Nature’s Treasures 50 – 54
 DIVERSITY IN THE LIVING WORLD

Value Points-
 We are surrounded by a large variety of plants and animals. Such variety of plants and
animals is a part of biodiversity.

 Plants have similarities and differences based on features associated with roots, stems,
leaves, flowers, and so on.

 The method of arranging things into groups based on their common features is called
grouping.

 Plants can be grouped into herbs, shrubs, and trees based on their heights, types of
stem, and branching patterns.

 Plants can also be grouped as dicotyledons (dicots) and monocotyledons (monocots)

based on the number of cotyledons in their seeds.

 Monocots generally exhibit parallel venation in their leaves and possess fibrous roots
while dicots typically exhibit reticulate venation in their leaves and possess taproots.

 Animals have different types of movement that can be a basis for their grouping.

 Biodiversity of different regions varies because of distinct environmental conditions.

 The special features that enable plants and animals to survive in a particular region are
called adaptations.

 The place where plants and animals live is their habitat.

 Based on their habitats, animals and plants can be grouped into terrestrial and aquatic.

 Due to damage of their habitats, plants and animals lose their homes, food and other
resources resulting in the loss of biodiversity.

 We must protect biodiversity to ensure that our planet is full of life, helping plants and
animals to survive and thrive.

1
 Section - A
Multiple Choice Questions-
1. Plants that take support to climb up are called
(a) Trees (b) Climbers (c) Shrubs (d) Herbs
2. Which of the following plants is a herb?
(a) Tomato (b) Mango (c) Neem (d) Lemon
3. What is the broad, green part of leaf known as?
(a) Petiole (b) Lamina (c) Sepal (d) Vein
4. Parallel venation can be seen in the leaves of
(a) Grass (b) Peepal tree (c) Mango tree (d) Neem

5. The place where an organism live is called

(a) Habitat (b) Adaptation (c) Environment (d) Surroundings

2
Fill in the blanks-
1. Leaves prepare food for plant by the process called ---------------------------.
2. --------------------------anchor the plant to the soil.
3. Plants lose water from leaves through the process of ----------------------.
4. -------------------------- have thick and brown stem.
5. Desert animals such as rats and snakes live in---------------- during the day to escape
the intense heat.

Match the following-

Column A Column B

1. Predators (a) Banana

2. Dolphins and whales (b) animals of mountain region
3. Maize (c) Lions and tigers
4. Snow leopard and yak (d) Monocot seeds
5. Parallel venation (e) nostrils or blowholes

Section – B
Answer the following Questions-
1. How are shrubs different from herbs?

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2. How is the leaf venation related to the type of roots in a plant? (Competency based)
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3. A plant has large and flat leaves with a waxy coating. Its stem has air spaces in it
which habitat will you find this plant? How will the above mentioned features help
the plant? (Competency based)
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4. Which part of the plant is known as food factory of the plant? Why is it called so?
(Competency based )

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5. What is venation? Write the types of venation with examples.

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6. Diagrammatically differentiate between Monocot and Dicot seed.

7. Differentiate between the taproot system and fibrous root system.

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8.Penguins, seals, polar bears, etc., are found in cold regions. Do you think they will
be able to survive in desert conditions? Why do you think they can only survive in
cold climates?

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9.Identify the given animal, its habitat and adaptive features to survive in given
habitat.

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10. What could be the possible consequences if an organisms did not or could not

adapt to the changing environment?

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11. Look carefully at the picture of the Penguin and explain how do the following

Features help it to live in its habitat.

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 a) White coat on body.

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b) Padded feet

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c)Flipper like wings

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12. Draw well labelled diagram of two types of roots.

6
 MINDFUL EATING : A PATH TO A HEALTHY BODY
Value Points-
 Choice of food may vary according to the cultivation of food crops in a region, taste
preferences, culture and traditions.

 There is a significant difference between traditional and modern methods of cooking

food.

 Food provides us energy, support growth, repairs our bodies and protects us from
diseases.

 The major nutrients in our food are carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, and
minerals. In addition, food also contains dietary fibres and water.

 Carbohydrates and fats are primary energy sources, while proteins are body-building
nutrients.

 Vitamins and minerals strengthen our body, protect us from infections, and keep us
healthy.

 A balanced diet provides all the essential nutrients in the right quantities, along with
adequate roughage and water.

 Deficiency of one or more nutrients in our diet for a long time can lead to deficiency
diseases and disorders.

 Junk foods are unhealthy as they contain high levels of sugar and fats but little
protein, minerals, vitamins, and dietary fibres.

 Millets are known as nutri-cereals as they provide most of the nutrients required for
the normal functioning of our bodies. They can be easily cultivated in different
climatic conditions.

 Eating food that is locally grown and plant based, to the extent possible, is not only
healthy for our bodies but is also good for our environment and our planet.

 The distance travelled by a food item, from the place of its production to the
consumer, is called food miles. We must aim to minimise food miles.

 We should never waste food and only take as much as we can consume.
7
 MIND MAP-

Section - A
Multiple Choice Questions-
1. In the presence of sunlight, our body produces
(a) Vitamin D (b) Minerals (c) Proteins (d) Vitamin A
2. Which of the following nutrient is needed for the growth & repair of our body?
(a) Carbohydrates (b) Proteins (c) Water (d) Fats
3. Which disease is caused by the deficiency of iron?
(a) Beriberi (b) Scurvy (c) Anaemia (d) Goiter
4. Which of the following nutrients is not present in milk?
(a) Protein (b) Vitamin C (c) Calcium (d) Vitamin D
5. Which colour is observed when a piece of bread is tested with dilute iodine solution?
(a) Brown (b) Brown-black (c) Blue-black (d) Blue

8
Fill in the blanks-
1. ------------------------- are present mainly in the form of sugars & starch in our food.
2. Ghee is a good source of -----------------------.
3. ---------------------- is also known as dietary fibre.
4. Eating food rich in ----------------------- in excess causes obesity.
5. -------------------------- is caused by deficiency of iodine.

Match the following-

Column A Column B
1. Vitamin A (a) body building food
2. Dietary fibres (b) Vitamin C
3. Proteins (c) some sources of fats
4. Scurvy (d) keeps skin & eyes healthy
5. Oil, ghee, butter, cream (e) whole grains and pulses

Section – B
Answer the following Questions-
1. How will you detect the presence of fats in food? (Write in steps)

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2. Who will need more carbohydrates in the diet- an athlete or an office worker?
Why?

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3. Although dietary fibres do not provide any nutrient, it is important to include them
in our diet. Why? (Competency based )

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4. Food containing which nutrients are also known as ‘body-building foods’? Why is
it called so?

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5. Why should we avoid repeated washing of pulses?

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6. Draw the story for the path of Rice grains from farm to your plate.

7. Vitamins are called ‘protective food’. Justify.

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8. Shalini finds it difficult to see in dim light. Her diet lacks a nutrient. Name the
nutrient and the deficiency disorder caused by it. What must she include in her
diet to improve her vision. (Competency based )

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9. A small sized grains being an integral part of Indian diet for centuries.It is also
called nutri cereal. Identify the cereal and why is it called so?( Competency
based )

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10. Observe the items given below and answer the questions that follow.
(Case based )

(i) Food rich in carbohydrate is -------------------.

(ii) -------------------- is rich source of vitamin A.
(iii) Milk provides ------------------, vitamin D and -------------------- (mineral).
(iv) Which vitamin is easily destroyed during cooking?
(v) Identify the non-nutrient component of our food in the given picture.

11. Read the items of food listed below. Classify them into carbohydrate rich, protein
rich and fat rich foods and fill them in the table given below.

Moong dal, fish, mustard oil, sweet potato, milk, rice, egg, beans, butter milk,
cottage cheese, maize, white bread.

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 Carbohydrate rich Food Protein rich Food items (B) Fat rich Food items (C)
items (A)

12. Draw any two food items rich in Vitamin A, Vitamin C and Iron.

12
 EXPLORING MAGNETS
Value Points

 A magnet has two poles-the North pole and the South pole.

 The poles of a magnet always exist in pairs. A single North pole or a single South
pole cannot exist.

 Magnetic materials are the materials that are attracted towards a magnet.

 Non-magnetic materials are the materials that are not attracted towards a magnet.

 A freely suspended magnet rests along the north-south direction.

 The needle of a magnetic compass indicates the north-south direction.

 When two magnets are brought close to each other, like poles (North-North, South-
South) repel each other while unlike poles (North-South) attract each other.
MIND MAP:

13
 SECTION- A

Multiple Type Questions-

1. A magnetic compass tells us about the
a) Distance travelled b) Speed
c) Direction d) Motion
2. Dropping a magnet from a considerable height may lead to
a) Increased magnetism b) Decreased magnetism
c) Loss of magnetism d) Magnetization of an object
3. Along which direction does a freely suspended bar magnet align itself?
a) East-West b) North-West
c) South-East d) North-South
4. If a bar magnet is brought close to iron fillings, in which portion of the magnet will they
be attracted the most?
a) In the middle of the magnet
b) Between the North pole and center of the magnet
c) Between the South pole and center of the magnet
d) At the poles of the magnet
5. The following materials should be placed between two bar magnets while storing them
a) Wood b) Copper
c) Soft iron d) Glass

Fill in the blanks:

1. Similar poles of two magnets …………………. one another.

2. A compass needle always points in a direction …………………….
3. Materials which get ……………….. towards magnet are known as magnetic materials.
4. The south pole of the earth’s magnet is near the geographical ………………… pole.
5. Magnetic poles always …………………….. in pairs.

Match the following

Column A Column B
(a) Magnetite (i) Non-magnetic substances
(b) Iron, nickel, cobalt (ii) Used to find out N-S directions
(c) Leather, plastic, wax (iii) Attract each other
(d) Lodestone (iv) Natural magnet
(e) Compass (v) Repel each other
(f) Like poles of two magnets (vi) Discovered magnet incidentally
(g) Opposite poles of two magnets (vii) Magnetic, substances
(h) Magnus (viii) Name of first magnet

14
 SECTION-B

Short Answer Questions

1. Which is the sure test for magnetism-attraction or repulsion? Justify your answer.

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2. While storing a horse-shoe magnet, one should keep a piece of iron across the poles. Why?

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3. What happens when North pole of a magnet is brought near the South pole of another
magnet?

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4. How will you test that ‘tea dust’ is not adulterated with iron powder?

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5. If we break a bar magnet into four parts, how many poles will be formed?

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6. If you are given a bar magnet and asked to find out the west direction in a room, How will
you do this?

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7. Four identical iron bars were dipped in a heap of iron filings one by one. Figure shows the
amount of iron filings sticking to each of them. (Case based)

(a) Which of the iron bars is not a magnet? Justify your answer.

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(b) Which of the iron bar is likely to be the strongest magnet and why?

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(c) What is the difference between Fig (a) and Fig (c)? Justify your answer

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8. Three identical iron bars are kept on a table. Two out of three bars are magnets. In one of
the magnet the North-South poles are marked. How will you find out which of the other two
bars is a magnet? Identify the poles of this magnet.

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9. Describe the structure and functions of a magnetic compass with the help of a diagram.

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10. What precautions should be taken while storing magnets?

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11. Explain how a magnet can lose its properties?

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12. Draw diagrams of the following

(a) Magnetic Substances (Any two)

(b) Non-magnetic substances (Any two)

18
 MEASUREMENT OF LENGTH AND MOTION

Value Points

 The International System of Units (SI units) has been adopted by countries as
standard units of measurement.

 The SI unit of length is metre. Its symbol is m.

 1 km = 1000 m, 1 m = 100 cm, 1 cm = 10 mm.

 When distance is stated with respect to a fixed object or point, then this point is called
a reference point.

 An object is said to be in motion if its position changes with respect to a reference

point with time.

 When an object moves along a straight line, its motion is called linear motion.

 When an object moves along a circular path, its motion is called circular motion.

 When any object moves to and fro about any fixed position, its motion is called
oscillatory motion.

MIND MAPS:

19
 SECTION-A
Multiple Choice Questions
1. An athlete running along a straight track exhibit ____________ motion.
(a) Circular (b) Rectilinear
(c) Periodic (d) Rotational
2. Which of the following is a standard unit for measurement of length?
(a) Foot (b) Yard
(c) Cubit (d) Metre
3. How many millimeters (mm) are there in 2.5m?
(a) 25 (b) 250
(c) 2500 (d) 25,000
4. The International System of units is called
(a) CGS unit (b) Metric system
(c) SI units (d) MKS units
5. The unit of measurement used to measure distance between Chennai and Delhi is
(a) Metre (b) Kilometre
(c) Centimetre (d) Millimetre

Fill in the blanks

1. Motion of a car is _________________ motion.
2. 3.5km = _____________ m
3. A swing moves ____________________ and ________________
4. The invention of ___________led to the discovery of wooden carts and sledges.
5. An object is said to be at rest if its ____________ does not change with time with respect
to its surroundings.

Match the following items given in Column A with that in Column B:

Column A Column B
(a) Metre (i) Unit used to measure very small distances.
(b) Yard (ii) Unit used to measure large distances.
(c) Hand span (iii) SI unit of length.
(d) Least count (iv) Non-standard unit of length.
(e) Millimetre (v) Standard unit of length.
(f) Kilometre (vi) Apple falling from a tree.
(g) Rest (vii) Motion of the tip of the blade of a fan.
(h) Motion (viii) Motion of a pendulum.
(i) Circular motion (ix)Motion of a top.
(j) Rectilinear motion (x) State of moving objects.
(k) Rotational motion (xi) State of stationary objects.

(xii) Minimum amount that can be measured by a

(l) Periodic motion
device.

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 SECTION – B
Answer the following questions
1. The photograph given in figure shows a section of a grill made up of straight and
curved iron bars. How would you measure the length of the bars of this section, so that the
payment could be made to the contractor? (Competency based)

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2. How are the motions of a wheel of a moving bicycle and a mark on the blade of a moving

electric fan different? Explain. (Competency based)

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3. What is the SI system of units? Discuss its significance.

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4.Sita and Radha are sitting in a boat which is moving away from the end of the lake. How

would you explain the position of Sita with respect to Radha and with respect to a tree near

the bank of the lake?

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5. Why can a hand span not be used as standard unit of length?

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6. Search and name at least two things that is measured in

a) milligrams -------------------------------------------------------------------------

b) grams -------------------------------------------------------------------------

c) kilograms --------------------------------------------------------------------------

d) litre -------------------------------------------------------------------------

e) millimeter ------------------------------------------------------------------------

f) centimeter -------------------------------------------------------------------------

7. While measuring the length of a rectangular block, the reading at one end of the scale
was 10.0 cm and at the other end was 28.5cm. What is the length of the block?

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 8. If you are sitting in a moving bus, are you at rest or in motion?(Competency based)

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9. The motion of a ball along the ground is an example of combination motion. Justify

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10. Observe the following figures and state which type of motion is that?

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11. Classify the following objects on the basis of whether they are at rest or in motion
a flying housefly,a shopping bag, a park,people sitting in park, people walking in park a bee
on flower, hands of clock, a cat on the wall, a running horse, a moving metro train

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 Objects at rest Objects in motion

----------------------------------- -------------------------------

------------------------------ ----------------------------------

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12. Raj’s height is 195cm. Express in m.

13. The distance between Raju’s house and Nalin’s house is 2360 m. Express the distance in
km

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 MATERIALS AROUND US
Value Points-
 Objects are made from a large variety of materials. An object can be made up
of a single material or a combination of different materials.

 We can use different materials to make objects with similar functions.

 The method of arranging objects into groups is called classification.

 Materials possess different properties which determine their use.

 Materials are grouped or classified based on their similarities or differences in

their properties.

 Materials can be grouped based on appearance, such as lustrous or non-

lustrous and based on the feel, such as hard or soft.

 Materials are grouped as transparent, translucent or opaque depending on how

much we can see through them.

 Some materials are soluble in water, while others remain insoluble.

 Anything that occupies space and has mass is called matter.

 The space occupied by matter is its volume.

 Mass quantifies the amount of matter present in an object.

MIND MAP-

25
 Section - A
Multiple Choice Questions-
1. The freshly cut surfaces of most of the metals is
(a) Hard (b) Lustrous (c) Soft (d) Soluble
2. Which of the following substances are soluble in water?
(a) Glucose (b) Sawdust (c) Chalk powder (d) Sand
3. Identify hard material from the following:
(a) Candle (b) Sponge (c) Cotton wool (d) Iron rod
4. Which of the following material is transparent?
(a) Rock (b) Wood (c) Paper (d) Clear glass
5. Which of the following materials is not lustrous?
(a) Gold (b) Silver (c) Wood (d) Diamond

Fill in the blanks-

1. ------------------------- materials do not allow light to pass through them.
2. Sand is ------------------ in water.
3. Metals may loose their lustre due to the action of -------------------& -------------- on
them.
4. Materials which are difficult to compress are called ------------------ materials.
5. A piece of stone will always ------------------- in water.

Match the following-

Column A Column B
1. Iron (a) best conductor of heat
2. Mirror (b) sink in water
3. Silver (c) lustre
4. Fog (d) translucent
5. Stone (e) Opaque

Section – B
Answer the following questions-
1. Arrange the following in the order of increasing volume.
Overhead water tank , water bottle , cough syrup , tea spoon of medicine

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2. Why do some metals lose their lustre and appear dull? What can be done to restore
their lustre?

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3. On a bright sunny day, Shikha was playing hide and seek with her brother. She hid
herself behind a glass door. Do you think her brother will be able to locate her. If yes,
why? If no, why not? (Competency based)

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4. Give an instance where the solubility of some gases in water is useful for living
beings.
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5. How are objects classified on the basis of transparency? (Write in points)

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6. Why are materials like gold and silver selected to make jewellery instead of iron,
copper or wood?

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7. Classify the following as soluble or insoluble in water – salt, sugar, sand, chalk
powder and sawdust

Soluble in water Insoluble in water

8. How will you find that air has mass and occupies space?

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9. Give reasons for the following-

(a) Some substances completely disappear when mixed with water.

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(b) The glasses of cars are sometimes colored.

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10. A given material can be used to make different types of objects. Explain with the help
of an example.

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11. Draw diagrams of each of the following-

(a) Opaque objects (any two)

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(b) Materials that are hard (any two)

(c) Materials that are heavy (any two)

29
 TEMPERATURE AND ITS MEASUREMENT
Value Points-
 The temperature of a body tells us how hot or cold it is.

 The three most-used scales of temperature are: (a) the Celsius scale, (b) the Fahrenheit
scale, and (c) the Kelvin scale. The units of temperature in these scales are (a) degree
Celsius, denoted by °C, (b) degree Fahrenheit, denoted by °F, and (c) kelvin, denoted
by K.

 The SI unit for temperature is kelvin.

 A clinical thermometer is used for measuring body temperature.

 Normal temperature of a healthy human adult is taken to be 37.0 °C or 98.6 °F.

 Laboratory thermometers typically have a temperature range from-10 °C to 110 °C.

 Separation of magnetic and non-magnetic substances by using a magnet is called

magnetic separation.
MIND MAP:

30
 Section - A
Multiple Choice Questions-
1. Sieving is used when components of a mixture are of
(a) Different sizes (b) same size (c) smaller size (d) very large size
2. Which of the following is not a unit of temperature?
(a) Kelvin (b) Celsius (c) Fahrenheit (d) Coulomb
3. Normal human body temperature is
(a) 370F (b) 98.60F (c) 270C (d) 98.60C
4. Which of the following is used in a laboratory thermometer?
(a) Salt solution (b) Bromine (c) Alcohol (d) Milk
5. The air temperature contributes to
(a) Direction of the sun
(b) Weather of a place
(c) Underground water level of a place
(d) Prediction of rain

Fill in the blanks-

1. -------------------- is written as K without the degree sign.
2. A device used to measure the temperature is called ------------------- .
3. Normal temperature of a human body is --------------------------.
4. The thermometer used in laboratories is called ----------------------.
5. 1000C is equal to --------------- K.

Match the following-

Column A Column B
1. Weather (a) 1000C
2. Used in laboratories (b) Clinical thermometer
3. Doctors (c) Digital thermometer
4. 373K (d) Laboratory thermometer
5. Battery (e) Air temperature

Section – B
Answer the following Questions-
1. What is the Sl unit of temperature?
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2. Which type of thermometer needs battery?.

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3. Why can a digital thermometer not be used to find the boiling point of water?
(Competency Based)

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4.You have a digital thermometer in Fahrenheit scale and a clinical thermometer in
Celcius scale. What will be the corresponding temperature of 373 K on both scales?

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5.Can you accurately find the temperature of any body just by touching it? Why?

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6.Look at the diagram given below and answer the following questions.

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 (i) Which temperature is recorded?

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(ii) What is the least count of this thermometer ?
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(iii) Which type of thermometer is it?

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7. Case Based Question.

In earlier times, medical practitioners checked the pulse of the patient. If the patient
was resting and the pulse was faster, it indicated fever. Another way was to touch the
forehead. If it felt warmer than usual, fever was diagnosed. However, this was not a
very reliable way to measure temperature, as the pulse could be high even with a little
exertion by the patient who was already very weak. Measuring temperature by
touching the forehead also depended on whether the hand was cold or warm. Therefore,
the thermometer was a very important invention.

1. How was temperature measured in earlier times?

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2. Why was measuring the pulse not a very good indicator of fever?

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3. Why is the invention of thermometer important?.

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8.You have a digital thermometer in Fahrenheit scale and a clinical thermometer in
Celcius scale. What will be the corresponding temperature of 373 K on both scales?

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9. Which liquid is generally used in the laboratory thermometer and why?

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34
 A JOURNEY THROUGH STATES OF WATER
Value Points-
 The process of conversion of water into its vapour state is called evaporation.

 The process of conversion of water vapour into its liquid state is called condensation.

 Water is found in different states-solid, liquid and gas.

 Water changes its state on heating or cooling.

 Conditions which make the evaporation faster or slower are exposed area, humidity,
air movement, etc.

 Evaporation causes cooling effect. The process of conversion of water into its vapour
state is called evaporation.

 The process of conversion of water vapour into its liquid state is called condensation.

 Water is found in different states-solid, liquid and gas.

 Water changes its state on heating or cooling.

 Conditions which make the evaporation faster or slower are exposed area, humidity,
air movement, etc.

 Evaporation causes cooling effect.

 The water vapour in the air condenses to form tiny droplets of water, which appear as
clouds. Many tiny water droplets come together and fall down as rain, hail or snow.

 The circulation of water between the Earth surface and atmosphere is known as the
water cycle.

35
MIND MAP-

Section - A
Multiple Choice Questions-
1. In which of the following processes evaporation is very important?
(a) writing with a pencil (c) Writing with an ink pen
(b) Coloring with crayon (d) None of these
2. Melting is the process of converting
(a) liquid into solid (b) solid into gas
(c) solid into liquid (d) liquid into gas
3. When we rub hand sanitizer on our hands, it disappears. This is due to
(a) melting (b) condensation (c) freezing (d) evaporation
4. Which of the following factors does not affect the rate of evaporation?
(a) Humidity (b) Exposed area (c) wind (d) condensation
5. Water does not fall from the clouds as
(a) Rain (b) Hail (c) Snow (d) Steam

Fill in the blanks-

1. Ice is state --------------------- of water.
2. Water gets converted to ice when it is ----------------------.
3. Water vapour is the ---------------------- form of water.

36
 4. Water vapour condenses into water droplets when it comes in contact with a ----------
surface.
5. Evaporation becomes -------------------------- if wind blows.

Match the following-

Column A Column B

1. Water droplets on leaves (a) Melting

2. Gaseous state (b) condensation
3. Falling water drops (c) Humidity
4. Amount of water in air (d) Water Vapour
5. Solid into liquid (e) Rain

Section – B
Answer the following Questions-
1. What is the gaseous state of water called?

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2. How can you convert a candle wax into its liquid form?
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3. What happens to coconut oil in the winter season? Why?(Competency Based)

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4. How are hail and snow formed?

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5. Why do clothes dry faster on a windy day?

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6. Differentiate between evaporation and condensation.

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9.Draw the diagram of conversion of three states of water mentioning the name of
process.

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10. Case Based Question

We observe many activities around us in our house which involve evaporation. We

see that after mopping, the floor dries up quickly. After washing them, the utensils dry

up. When we put out our wet clothes to dry, they take some time but dry up

eventually. Our sweat dries up. Evaporation is a very important phenomenon which

occurs in our daily life.

1. Where does water from the wet floor go?

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2. Why do we spread out washed clothes?

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3. When we are sweaty, sitting under the fan provides relief. Why?

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39
 METHODS OF SEPARATION IN EVERYDAY LIFE
Value Points-
 Handpicking is used for separating solid materials on the basis of differences in size,
colour and shape from a mixture.

 The process in which the stalks are beaten to separate grains from them is called
threshing.

 The method of separating lighter husk from heavier grains by wind or blowing air is
called winnowing.

 The process of separating solids from a mixture based on variations in particle size
using a sieve is called sieving.

 Evaporation is the process in which a liquid gets converted into its vapour. It can be
used to separate a solid dissolved in a liquid.

 The process of settling down of heavier insoluble component at the bottom of a liquid
is called sedimentation. When the liquid is removed by tilting the vessel, the process
is called decantation.

 Filtration can be used to separate insoluble solid components from a liquid.

 Churning is used to extract butter from curd.

 Separation of magnetic and non-magnetic substances by using a magnet is called

magnetic separation.

MIND MAP-

40
 Section - A
Multiple Choice Questions-
1. Sieving is used when components of a mixture are of
(a) Different sizes (b) same size (c) smaller size (d) very large size
2. Which process you will choose for separating green chillies from upma?
(a) Sieving (b) handpicking (c) filtration (d) decantation
3. Name the process used for removing tea leaves from tea
(a) Filtration (b) decantation (c) evaporation (d) sedimentation
4. Which method is best suited for separating stones from a small quantity of rice?
(a) Sieving (b) winnowing (c) hand-picking (d) threshing
5. How does the state of a substance change during evaporation?
(a) Gas to liquid (b) liquid to gas (c) liquid to solid (d) solid to liquid

Fill in the blanks-

1. -------------------- are composed of two or more components.
2. A ------------------- is used to separate bran from flour.
3. Air is --------------------------..
4. Common salt is obtained from salt solution by the process of ----------------------.
5. Beating the stalks on a hard surface helps in separating the --------------- from stalks.

Match the following-

Column A Column B
1. Oil mixed in water (a) Sieving
2. Iron powder mixed with flour (b) Hand picking
3. Salt mixed with water (c) Decantation
4. Guava mixed with mango (d) Magnet
5. Rice flour with beans (e) Evaporation

Section – B
Answer the following Questions-
1. Identify the process by which clear fluid is transferred to another vessel when heavy
particles get settled down.

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2. Which method is generally used at construction site for separating stones and pebbles
from sand at construction site? Can we use hand picking for this purpose? Give
reasons to justify your answer.

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41
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3. You are given two bottles and told that one contains salt and the other one chalk
powder. How can you identify the contents without testing them? (Competency
Based)

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4. You are given a mixture of sand and sugar. How will you separate the two?

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5. Which method of separation is convenient when the quantity of impurities is not very
large?
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6. Identify the process given below. How it is done. On what principle does it work?

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42
 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
7. Read the story titled "WISE FARMER" and tick the correct option to complete the
story. (Competency Based)
A farmer was sad/happy to see his healthy wheat crop ready for harvest. He
harvested the crops and left it under the sun/rain to dry the stalks. To separate the
seeds from the bundles of the stalk he handpicked/threshed them. After gathering
the seed grains he wanted to separate the stones and husk from it. His wife
winnowed/threshed them to separate the husk and later sieved/hand- picked to
remove stones from it. She ground the wheat grains and sieved/ filtered the flour. The
wise farmer and his wife got a good price for the flour. Can you tell why?
8. You are provided with a mixture of salt, sand, oil and water. Write the steps involved
for the separation of salt, sand and oil from the mixture by giving an activity along
with the diagram.

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Diagram-

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9. A mixture of iron nails, salt, oil and water is provided to you. Give stepwise methods
to separate each component from this mixture?

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10. What is the name of the process shown in the picture below? Explain it.

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44
 LIVING CREATURES: EXPLORING THEIR CHARACTERSTICS
Value Points-
 The objects around us can be categorized into two types living and non-living.

 The essential features of living beings are that they move, eat, grow, breathe, excrete,
respond to stimuli, reproduce and die. Absence of any of these features indicates that
they are not living beings.

 Each living being goes through several stages during its life.

 Germination of seeds depends upon the availability of water, air and suitable light
and/or dark conditions.

 During germination of seeds, roots generally grow downwards, while shoots grow
upwards.

 A plant's life cycle starts with seed germination, followed by several stages of its
growth and development. These includes flowering and seed production. Seeds
produced during their life cycle would germinate into new plants and the cycle
continues.

 The life cycle of an animal as a result of reproduction, begin with a new born that
undergoes various stages of growth and development followed by an adult stage and
finally death. The process of reproduction maintains the continuity of its kind.

 Mosquitoes pass through the stages of egg, larva, pupa and adult. The life stages of a
frog include eggs, tadpoles, froglets and adults.

 In some living beings, such as mosquitoes and frogs, significant changes occur during
the various stages of their life cycles. These changes can be seen in body shape,
structure and sometimes even in the habitat.

MIND MAP-

45
 Section - A
Multiple Choice Questions-
1. What is breathing organ in an earthworm?
(a) Lungs (b) Gills (c) Blowholes (d) Skin
2. Which of the following do not show movement?
(a) Climbers (b) Drosera (c) Baby (d) Fruit
3. Which of the following should be sprayed on stagnant water
(a) Kerosene oil (b) Milk (c) Sauce (d) Water
4. Free- floating plants and submerged plants are types of
(a) Terrestrial plants (b) Aquatic plants (c) Aerial plants (d) None of these
5. The embryo of a frog grows up to form
(a) Larva (b) Pupa (c) Tadpole (d) Spawn

Fill in the blanks-

1. --------------------- and ------------------- are important for germination of a seed.
2. Roots of a plant always move -----------------.
3. A bean ----------- give rise to a new plant.
4. A larva of mosquito grows to a --------------.
5. I n the life cycle of a frog stage IV is known as -------------------.
Match the following-
Column A Column B
1. Shoots (a) Plant
2. Tadpole (b) Upwards
3. Seed (c) Respiration
4. Breathing (d) Downwards
5. Roots (e) Froglet

Section – B
Answer the following Questions-
1. Name any two diseases transmitted by mosquitoes.

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2. What is stimulus? Explain with the help of an example.

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46
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3. What are the conditions required for germination of seeds?

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4.Identify the living organisms around you.

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5. Draw the life cycle of a mosquito.

6. How can a life cycle of a mosquito be disturbed so that no more breeding takes place?
(Competency based)

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7.Give an activity to show that the roots of a plant move downwards and shoots of a plant
move upwards. (Competency based)

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8.Label the following stages of life of a frog.

9.Solve the following riddles and find out who am I?

I am a plant.
I have saucer shaped leaves and sticky ended hairs on them.
I trap insects.

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(ii) I am a sensitive plant.

I have leaves facing each other.
My leaves closes when you touch them.

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10.Using the following words , write the place of living of animal given in the picture-
Grassland, mountain, desert, pond, river

A B

C D

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49
 NATURE’S TREASURES
Value Points-
 Resources required for our survival are provided by nature.

 Resources provided by nature are called natural resources.

 Some important natural resources are air, water, energy from the Sun, forests, soil,
rocks, minerals and fossil fuels.

 Resources created by human beings to meet their needs are called human-made
resources.

 Natural resources can be classified as renewable resources and non-renewable

resources.

 Resources that get renewed, replenished or restored by natural processes within a

reasonable period are called renewable resources.

 Resources that are in limited quantities and do not get replenished within a reasonable
period are called non-renewable resources.

 All living beings, including humans, depend on natural resources for their survival so
we should use them judiciously.
MIND MAP:

50
 Section - A
Multiple Choice Questions-
1. We can live without water maximum for
(a) a few minutes (b) a few days (c) a few years (d) always
2. Air is made up of?
(a) a mixture of several gases. (b) only oxygen
(c) oxygen and carbon dioxide (d) water vapour
3. Waste material must not be disposed of by throwing it into
(a) a dust bin (b) a garbage van
(c) rivers (d) garbage collection centre
4. Windmills are used to
(a) pull out water from wells (b) generate electricity
(c)Run flour mills (d) All of the above
5. Solar panels are used to
(a) harvest water
(b) generate electricity from the energy of the sun
(c) deplete solar energy
(d) save soil

Fill in the blanks-

1. A fuel used to cook food is --------------------.
2. ------------------- is a renewable resource.
3. Forests are resources ----------------------.
4. We can convert energy of the sun into electricity by using --------------------------.
5. When plants and animals decompose, they become part of --------------------------.

Match the following-

Column A Column B
1. Van Mahotsav (a) Fossil Fuel
2. Rainwater Harvesting (b) Minerals
3. Petroleum (c) Forest Festival
4. Rocks (d) Oxygen
5. Air (e) Bawadis

Section – B
Answer the following Questions-
1.Why can't we hold our breath for a long time?
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51
2. How do earthworms help to make soil fertile?

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3.What happens to dried leaves after they fall from a tree? (Competency Based)

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4. Differentiate between renewable and non-renewable resources.

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5. Why do the airports have an anemometer on the top of their building?
(Competency Based)
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6. Show diagramatically the composition of air.

7. Case Based Question

With the advancement of technology, the need for human-made resources has
increased. Human beings have started depending more and more on electricity,
which is essential for running machines and gadgets. Natural resources help in
providing our basic needs whereas human-made resources are essential to give us a
comfortable life.
1. Name any three natural resources.?

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2. Give any three uses of natural resources in your daily life.

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3. What are the differences between natural resources and human-made resources?.

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8. Different forests have different types of flora and fauna. Why?

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9. Do you agree that composition of air is different at different places? Give reasons.
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10. Minerals must be used judiciously. Give reason.

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NOTES

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