UNIVERSITI KUALA LUMPUR
MALAYSIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY (MITEC)
JFB 32113
BUILDING MAINTENANCE
PRACTICAL 1: LIGHTING SYSTEM
LECTURER: DR MAZHANIZA BINTI MAZUMIL
PREPARED BY: ID NUMBER
LUQMAN HARISH BIN ROSDI 57213223186
HUBEIB BIN HASSAN 57213223169
SUBMISSION DATE: 27 JANUARY 2025
INDEX
NO CONTENT PAGE NUMBER
1.0 Introduction 1
2.0 Objective 2
3.0 Tools and Equipment 2
4.0 Procedure 3-4
5.0 Panel Description 5-6
6.0 Results 7
7.0 Discussion 8-9
8.0 Conclusion 10
9.0 References 11
1.0 INTRODUCTION
Lighting is an essential service in all the industries. The power consumption by
the industrial lighting varies between 2 to 10% of the total power depending on the
type of industry. Innovation and continuous improvement in the field of lighting, has
given rise to tremendous energy saving opportunities in this area. Lighting is an
area, which provides a major scope to achieve energy efficiency at the design
stage by incorporation of modern energy efficient lamps, luminaires and gears,
apart from good operational practices. The implementation of transformative
policies and practical measures to adopt energy-efficient lighting technologies,
such as light-emitting diodes (LEDs), the global energy demand for lighting is
projected to increase by 60% by 2030. This surge in energy consumption would
inevitably result in higher energy-related CO2 emissions, exacerbating global
warming and accelerating climate change.
The most common types of lighting systems utilized in commercial settings
include incandescent bulbs, standard fluorescent tubes, compact fluorescent
lamps (CFLs), halogen lamps, high-intensity discharge (HID) lamps and light-
emitting diode (LED) systems. Each of these lighting technologies is designed to
meet specific requirements offering a range of options in terms of brightness,
energy consumption, lifespan and cost-effectiveness. Incandescent lighting, for
example is known for its warm light quality but is highly energy-intensive and has
a short lifespan. Fluorescent and CFL lighting on the other hand, offer better energy
efficiency and are widely used for general lighting purposes. Halogen and HID
lamps provide high-intensity light, making them suitable for applications that
require powerful illumination, such as large spaces or outdoor areas. In contrast,
LED lighting has emerged as a revolutionary technology due to its superior energy
efficiency, long operational life, and adaptability to various lighting applications.
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2.0 OBJECTIVE
1. To assemble the wiring for the lighting system
2. To study the lighting system and electricity consumption
3.0 TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT
1. 1 IT 6002 Line Model
2. 1 IT 6003 3-phase Transformers
3. 1 IT 6004 Resistive Load
4. 1 IT 6017 3-phase Power Supply
5. 4 IT 6019 Power Circuit Breaker
6. 2 IT 6019 Power Circuit Breaker
7. 1 IT 6020/2 Double Busbar with 2 Disconnectors
8. 1 IT 6020/4 Double Busbar with 4 Disconnectors
9. 3 IT 6035 Moving-Coil Ammeter (3A)
10. 2 IT 6037 Moving-Iron Voltmeter (600V)
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4.0 PROCEDURE
4.1 PART 1
1. The panels have been connected as shown in figure in the job sheet.
2. This practical has been done to demonstrate the staircase lighting using relay.
3. The Two-Circuit Switches has made sure in ‘OFF’ position.
4. The AC supply has been switched on.
5. The Two-Circuit Switch that connected to ‘L’ of the Automatic Staircase Relay
has been turned on.
6. The Two-Circuit Switch that connected to ‘L2’ of the Automatic Staircase Relay
has been turned on.
7. The changes of the lamp panel have been observed.
Figure 1. Using One MCB Connection Diagram
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4.2 PART 2
1. The panels have been connected as shown in figure in the job sheet.
2. All the MBC switches have been made sure are in ‘OFF’ position.
3. The AC supply has been turned on.
4. The MBC switches have been turned one by one.
5. The lamp’s brightness has been observed.
6. The Kilowatt-Hour Meter has been observed. The disc rotation can be observed
due to the electricity consumption.
Figure 2. Using 2 MCB Connection Diagram
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5.0 PANEL DESCRIPTION
Table 1. Panel System Equipment
Panel Diagram Description
This panel provides the
220V-240V AC supply to
Power Supply the necessary panels
with RCCB and MCB
protection.
Electrical meters
designed for use in
Single Phase
measuring the power
KiloWatt-Hour Meter
consumption in a single-
phase power supply.
This panel provide
connections to multiple
Load Center lamps by supplying the
AC supply with MCB
protection.
Produces light with a wire
filament heated to a high
Incandescent Lamp
temperature by an
230V AC
electric current passing
through it, until it glows.
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High Pressure High-pressure discharge
Sodium Vapour lamps that emit light
Lamp when the gas is ionized.
Similar to high pressure
sodium vapour lamp
Low Pressure
except it only give
Sodium Vapour
monochromatic yellow
Lamp
light and so inhibit colour
vision at night.
The fluorescent lamp with
Fluorescent Lamp starter is making use of
with starter (left and starter switch to start up
right) or glow the fluorescent
lamp.
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6.0 RESULT
Figure 3. Completely Setup Panel Connection
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7.0 DISCUSSION
During this lab session, the electrical circuit panel was set up according to the
provided schematic diagram. After ensuring all connections were completed using
appropriate wires and connectors, the system was powered on. It was observed
that only the incandescent lamp and the high-pressure sodium vapor lamp
illuminated successfully. The remaining lamps, including the fluorescent lamp
failed to function as expected. To identify the issue, the laboratory technician was
consulted. Upon inspection, the technician discovered that several wires used in
the setup were defective. Additionally, the fluorescent lamp itself was found to be
faulty. The defective wires and the malfunctioning fluorescent lamp were replaced
with operational components. Following this corrective action, all lamps within the
panel functioned correctly and illuminated as intended.
The system's performance was then monitored using the kilowatt-hour meter
integrated into the panel. This meter began recording the electrical consumption of
the setup. However, due to the panel's short operational duration (less than an
hour) the meter’s indicator barely moved past zero. This minimal reading aligns
with the low power usage over a short period. If the system were left operational
for an extended duration such as several hours on the kilowatt-hour meter would
reflect a more significant and accurate consumption measurement. This practical
session highlights the importance of ensuring the integrity of all components in an
electrical circuit before initiating the system. It also emphasizes the role of
troubleshooting in identifying and resolving issues effectively to ensure the
successful operation of electrical panels. Additionally, the experiment
demonstrates the functionality of the kilowatt-hour meter in monitoring electrical
energy consumption over time offering insights into the efficiency and usage of
electrical systems.
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7.1 Energy Efficiency and Its Role in Modern Lighting Systems
Energy efficiency is a cornerstone of modern building design and
maintenance. The practical exercise demonstrates how electricity consumption
can be measured and analyzed, emphasizing the role of energy-efficient practices.
For instance, observing the rotation of the kilowatt-hour meter provides insights
into the energy demands of various lighting systems, from incandescent bulbs to
sodium vapor and fluorescent lamps. The transition to energy-efficient systems not
only reduces operational costs but also aligns with environmental sustainability
goals. Practical tasks that compare the performance of different lighting
technologies encourage students to evaluate the trade-offs between energy use,
cost, and light quality. Integrating these insights into maintenance strategies
ensures that buildings remain compliant with energy standards while reducing their
carbon footprint. Future maintenance efforts may include retrofitting older systems
with energy-saving alternatives, an area where this practical experience becomes
directly applicable.
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8.0 CONCLUSION
In nutshell, this learning practical task provided a comprehensive
understanding of lighting panel systems and their components. Overall, the hands-
on experience with various lamps equipped us with valuable knowledge about their
characteristics, applications and energy efficiency. Additionally, the experiment
enhanced our skills in handling electrical circuits and load distribution within a
controlled environment. This practical knowledge was successfully on essential for
anyone entering the field of electrical engineering or working with lighting systems.
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9.0 REFERENCE
[i] Ramli, N. A., & Abdul Wahab, M. S. (2020). Lighting control system for energy
management system and energy efficiency analysis. Universiti Kuala Lumpur
British Malaysian Institute. Retrieved 20 November 2024, from
https://ir.unikl.edu.my/xmlui/handle/123456789/24877
[ii] DiLouie, C. (2011). Lighting controls handbook. CRC Press. Retrieved 20
November 2024, from https://www.crcpress.com
[iii] Dubois, M.-C., & Blomsterberg, Å. (2011). Energy saving potential and
strategies for electric lighting in future North European, low energy office
buildings: A literature review. Energy and Buildings, 43(10), 2572–2582.
Retrieved 20 November 2024, from https://www.sciencedirect.com
[iv] Rea, M. S. (Ed.). (2000). The IESNA lighting handbook: Reference &
application (9th ed.). Illuminating Engineering Society of North America.
Retrieved 20 November 2024, from https://www.ies.org
[v] Veitch, J. A., & Galasiu, A. D. (2012). The physiological and psychological
effects of windows, daylight, and view at home: Review and research agenda.
Ottawa: National Research Council Canada. Retrieved 20 November 2024,
from https://www.nrccnrc.gc.ca
[vi] Universiti Kuala Lumpur Malaysian Institute of Industrial Technology. (2024).
Facilities. Retrieved 20 November 2024, from
https://mitec.unikl.edu.my/facilities
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