#include <ctype.
h>
#include <stdbool.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#define MAX_LENGTH 100
// Function to check if a character is a delimiter
bool isDelimiter(char chr) {
return (chr == ' ' || chr == '+' || chr == '-' || chr == '*' || chr == '/' ||
chr == ',' ||
chr == ';' || chr == '%' || chr == '>' || chr == '<' || chr == '=' ||
chr == '(' ||
chr == ')' || chr == '[' || chr == ']' || chr == '{' || chr == '}');
// Function to check if a character is an operator
bool isOperator(char chr) {
return (chr == '+' || chr == '-' || chr == '*' || chr == '/' || chr == '%' ||
chr == '>' || chr == '<' || chr == '=' || chr == '&' || chr == '|');
// Function to check if a string is a valid identifier
bool isValidIdentifier(char *str) {
if (!isalpha(str[0]) && str[0] != '_') // Identifiers must start with a letter
or underscore
return false;
for (int i = 1; i < strlen(str); i++) {
if (!isalnum(str[i]) && str[i] != '_') // Can contain letters, numbers, or
underscores
return false;
}
return true;
// Function to check if a string is a keyword
bool isKeyword(char *str) {
const char *keywords[] = {"auto", "break", "case", "char", "const", "continue",
"default", "do",
"double", "else", "enum", "extern", "float", "for",
"goto", "if",
"int", "long", "register", "return", "short",
"signed", "sizeof",
"static", "struct", "switch", "typedef", "union",
"unsigned",
"void", "volatile", "while"};
for (int i = 0; i < sizeof(keywords) / sizeof(keywords[0]); i++) {
if (strcmp(str, keywords[i]) == 0)
return true;
return false;
// Function to check if a string is an integer or floating point number
bool isNumber(char *str) {
bool hasDecimal = false;
int i = 0;
if (str[0] == '-') // Allow negative numbers
i++;
for (; str[i] != '\0'; i++) {
if (!isdigit(str[i])) {
if (str[i] == '.' && !hasDecimal) {
hasDecimal = true; // Allow only one decimal point
} else {
return false;
return true;
// Function to extract a substring from a string
char *getSubstring(char *str, int start, int end) {
int subLength = end - start + 1;
char *subStr = (char *)malloc((subLength + 1) * sizeof(char));
strncpy(subStr, str + start, subLength);
subStr[subLength] = '\0';
return subStr;
// Lexical Analyzer Function
void lexicalAnalyzer(char *input) {
int left = 0, right = 0, len = strlen(input);
while (right <= len && left <= right) {
// Handling string literals
if (input[right] == '"') {
left = right;
right++;
while (right < len && input[right] != '"')
right++;
right++; // Include closing quote
char *strLiteral = getSubstring(input, left, right - 1);
printf("Token: String Literal, Value: %s\n", strLiteral);
left = right;
continue;
// Handling single-line and multi-line comments
if (input[right] == '/' && input[right + 1] == '/') {
while (input[right] != '\n' && right < len)
right++;
left = right;
continue;
} else if (input[right] == '/' && input[right + 1] == '*') {
right += 2;
while (right < len && !(input[right] == '*' && input[right + 1] ==
'/'))
right++;
right += 2; // Include closing */
left = right;
continue;
// Detecting multi-character operators (>=, ==, !=, etc.)
if (isOperator(input[right])) {
if (isOperator(input[right + 1])) {
printf("Token: Operator, Value: %c%c\n", input[right], input[right
+ 1]);
right += 2;
} else {
printf("Token: Operator, Value: %c\n", input[right]);
right++;
left = right;
continue;
// Skipping delimiters
if (isDelimiter(input[right])) {
if (input[right] != ' ') // Ignore spaces
printf("Token: Delimiter, Value: %c\n", input[right]);
right++;
left = right;
continue;
// Processing words (identifiers, keywords, numbers)
while (!isDelimiter(input[right]) && right < len)
right++;
char *subStr = getSubstring(input, left, right - 1);
if (isKeyword(subStr))
printf("Token: Keyword, Value: %s\n", subStr);
else if (isNumber(subStr))
printf("Token: Number, Value: %s\n", subStr);
else if (isValidIdentifier(subStr))
printf("Token: Identifier, Value: %s\n", subStr);
else
printf("Token: Unidentified, Value: %s\n", subStr);
left = right;
// Main function
int main() {
char lex_input[MAX_LENGTH] = "int main() { int a = 10, b = 20; float c = 3.14;
if (a >= b) printf(\"Hello World!\"); return 0; }";
printf("For Expression:\n%s\n\n", lex_input);
lexicalAnalyzer(lex_input);
return 0;
