Short Questions

Q1. Define theterm analysis.

Aprocess of studying the existing system is known as analysis.
Q2. What is the purpose of analysis?
The basic purpose of analysis is to know which activities are performed in the current
SVstem, The analysis also determines what should take place in the new system.
Q.3. Write the purpose of feasibility study.
Feasibility study is conducted to investigate the required database system. It
determines whether the proposed system is affordable, possible and acceptable. It also
determines the area of the project that should be started first.
Q.4. Why is requirement analysis conducted?
The requirement analysis is conducted to gather the requirements for the project.
These requirements include the possible inputs for database and the required functionality of
project. It isalso used to define the possible domain and restrictions related to the system.
Q.5. What is the importance of project planning?
A comprehensive planning and schedule must be developed to complete the project
successfully. All cost factors are also taken into consideration. Different cost factors include
salaries of team members, logistics and hardwarecosts.
Q.6. Which activities are involved in data analysis?
Data analysis involves the activities of data flow diagrams (DFD), decision tables and
decision trees.
Q.7. What is data modeling and its ingredients?
The data modeling is a process of identifying data objects and relationships between
them. The ingredients of datamodeling are entity / object, attribute and relationship.
Q.8. Define entity or object.
Anything that is participating in the system is known as entity or object. An entity can
be a person, place, thingor event for whlch data is collected and maintained in the system.
Q9. Write some examples of entity.
Some examples of cntity are TEACHER, CITY, TOY and SALE etc.
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Q.10. Define an attribute.Give examples.
The characteristics of an entity are called attributes or properties. Some examples of
atributes
an oval.
of TEACHER are Name, Gender and Telephone etc. An attribute is represented by
Q.11. What is a relationship? Give an example.
Alogical connection between different entities is called relationship. For example, a
relationship exists between aSTUDENT and TEACHER because teacher teaches student. The
entities that participate in a relationship are called participants.
Q.12. List different types of relationships.
The relationship can beone-t0-one, one-to-many, many-to-many and recursive.
Q.13. Differentiate between cardinality and modality.
The maximum number of instances of one entity associated with each instance of the
related entity is known as cardinality. The minimum number of
associated with each instance of the related entity is known as modality.instances one entitv
of

Q.14. What symbols are used to show the cardinality of one and many?
The cardinality of one is shown using the symbol of a vertical line .The
many is shown using the symbol of crow's foot K. cardinalitv of
Q.15. How can you identify if a relationship is optional or
mandatory?
The relationship is called optional when the minimum number is zero.
relationship is called mandatory when the minimum number is one. The
Q.16. What is the primary objective of ER diagram?
The primary objective an ER diagram is to represent entities and their
relationships.
Q.17. Identify different components of ER diagram.
Different components are entity, relationship, attributes, cardinality and modalitv.
Q.18. Name the synbols used in ER model for attribute, entity and
relationship.
Different symbols are used in E-R model. An oval is used for attribute, rectangle for
entityand diamond is used for relationship.
Q.19. What is the purpose of database design process?
The major objective of database design is to map the conceptual data
implementation model. Aparticular DBMS must be able to process this model. model an
to
Q.20. What is the purpose of logical database design?
The logical or conceptual model describes the data stored in the database. It contains
the definition of the data to be stored in database. It also contains the rules and information
about the structure and type of data. lt is the complete description of data stored in database.
Q.21. What is the major objective of physical database design?
The major objective of physical database design is to implement the databse as a set of
stored records, files, indexes and other data structures.
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Q.22. Listt major inputs to
The major inputs to physical design.
requirements and the physical
design include logical
characteristics
of DBMS and other database structure, user procesSing
Q.23. What is the use of data
It is used to volume and usage componernts.
analysis?
Edatabase size is estimate the size or volume and
usage
used to select the physical patterns of database. The estimate
are used to select file storage devices. The estimate of usage
Q.24. List four data organization and access methods. patterns
distribution strategy.
Four data distribution
0.25. What is meant by file
strategies are
centralized, partitioned, replicated and hybrid.
File organization is a
organization?
devices. The system designertechnique for physically arranging
must recognize records of a file on secondary
0.26. Write any three several constraints to select a file
constrains for selecting a file organization. organization.
The first constraint is the
second constraint is the available physical characteristics of secondary storage devices. The
constraint is the user requirementsoperating systems and file management software. The third
for storing and accessing data.
0.27. How is database integrity maintained?
Database integrity is maintained with the help of
are the rules that integrity constraints. The
are designed to keep data
the incoming data. DBMS provides several consistent and correct. They act like constraints
a check on
0.28. Write any four criteria used to select file
mechanisms to enforce integrity of the data.
organization?
The first criteria is fast access for retrieval. The
processing transactions. The third criteria is the efficient second criteria is high throughput for
use of storage space. The fourth
criteria is the protection from failure or data loss etc.
Q.29. Distinguish between an entity class and an entity instance.
A group of entities of the same type is called entity class. All
entities in an entity type
share common characteristics. A member of an entity class is known as an
entity instance. For
example, STUDENT can be an entity class and astudent Abdullah can be an entity instance.
Q.30. Identify entity name, primary key and attributes in the following:
STUDENT (StudentID, StudentName, Group)
The entity name is STUDENT, primary key is StidemtlD and the attributes include
StudentlD, StudentName and Group.
Q.31. Write three types of relationship between two attributes with one example of each.
The first relationship is one-to-one such as CHAIRMAN runs DEPARTMENT. The
Second relationship is one-to-many EMPLOYER has EMPLOYEE. The third relationship is
many-to-many such as STUDENT studies COURSE.
V.D. What is entity name, primary key field and attributes in the above line.
Book ( BookID, Title, Author, DatePublished)
The entity name is Book, primary key is Book*D and attributes include BooklD, Title,
Author and DatePublished.