ILOCOS SUR NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL – SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

WASTE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES

IN BUQUIG, BANTAY RESIDENCES

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A Quantitative Research

Presented to
The Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences (HUMSS)
Ilocos Sur National High School
Senior High School
Vigan City

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In Partial Fulfillment of the

Requirements for the subject
INQUIRIES, INVESTIGATIONS, AND IMMERSION

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DANIELLE DANE T. APELIN

JHEMAR S. AQUINO
SHEIKAH SHANE S. BADAGUAS
ANGELINA JULIE T. GASCON
JUSTINE P. PUNIO
PRINCESS LARA T. YEE

2024

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CHAPTER 1

THE PROBLEM

Introduction

Waste management is a critical concern in contemporary urban settings due to its

implications for public health, environmental sustainability, and social well-being (Dumitru,

2015). Solid waste generation has escalated as populations continue to grow and urbanize,

placing significant challenges for municipalities and residents alike (Nhamo, 2020). In many

developing regions, including Buquig, Bantay, inadequate waste management infrastructure

intensifies these challenges, leading to environmental humiliation and health risks (Azad, 2017).

Advocates argue that implementing resilient waste management practices is essential for

sustainable development in urban settings like Buquig, Bantay. This can be attributed to

interrelated factors, such as environmental mitigation, public health safeguarding, and

sustainable development. Considering Buquig, Bantay’s specific challenges like clogged canals

can inform the selection of the most impactful practices. Additionally, community engagement

and education initiatives are vital for successful implementation. It is worth noting that effective

waste management also offers economic benefits through resource recovery and job creation,

further supporting its importance in achieving sustainable development.

Specific stakeholders may express reservations regarding the necessity or practicality of

undertaking a comprehensive waste management assessment in Buquig, Bantay Residences.

Recognizing the growing significance of waste management, urban areas like Buquig,

Bantay face substantial challenges in effectively handling their waste stream. Rapid urbanization

and population growth have intensified waste generation, placing considerable strain on existing

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infrastructure and increasing environmental and public health concerns. However, a crucial gap

exists in understanding Buquig, Bantay’s specific residential waste management practices. While

broader municipal-level studies offer valuable insights, a rougher assessment of household-level

practices, attitudes, and challenges remains absent. This research aims to bridge this gap by

comprehensively evaluating residential waste management practices within Buquig, Bantay.

This research will provide valuable insights into waste management practices within

Buquig, Bantay residences. The findings will empower local authorities, policymakers, and

community stakeholders to develop targeted interventions and initiatives. By understanding

household-level challenges and opportunities, tailored strategies can be developed to enhance

waste management efficiency, promote sustainable practices such as recycling and composting,

and ultimately contribute to reducing environmental pollution and improving the quality of life

for Buquig, Bantay residents.

Statement of the Problem

This study aims to assess Buquig, Bantay’s response to waste management practices.

Specifically, it seeks to answer the following questions:

1. What is the profile of the respondents in terms of:

a. Age

b. Sex

c. Monthly Income

d. Occupation

e. Educational Attainment

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2. What is the level of waste management practices in Buquig, Bantay residences in terms of:

a. Reduce

b. Reuse

c. Recycle

Significance of the Study

The significance of studying the waste management practices of Buquig, Bantay

residences extends to several stakeholders involved in education, including residents, local

government of Bantay, and future researchers. Let’s explore the significance for each group:

Residents. This study can help local residents understand the importance of proper waste

management and how it affects the environment and health. It could also encourage people to get

involved in waste management programs.

Local Government of Bantay. The findings of this study could benefit the local

government of Bantay. The information could help them create and implement effective waste

management policies, which could improve the local environment and public health.

Future Researchers. This study serves as a reference and a guide for future researchers.

Its insights can contribute to the broader academic community’s understanding of waste

management and its environmental and public health impacts.

Scope and Delimitation

This study will be conducted to determine waste management practices in Buquig, Bantay

residences. It will involve the profile of the respondents, such as age, sex, monthly income,

occupation, and educational attainment, and the waste management practices of residents in

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Buquig Bantay, such as segregation, incineration, composting, and recycling. The research

design used is descriptive research design. Data gathering will be conducted at the Buquig

Bantay Ilocos Sur. Each resident in Barangay Buquig will be given questionnaires to answer

between March and April 2023.

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Conceptual Framework

In the conduct of the study, the researchers were guided by the research paradigm

illustrated below.

Independent Variable Dependent Variable

Profile of Respondents Level of Waste Management

Practices in Buquig, Bantay
a. Age Residences
b. Sex
c. Monthly income a. Reduce
d. Occupation b. Reuse
e. Educational Attainment c. Recycle

Figure 1. The Research Paradigm

The research paradigm shows the independent and dependent variable model. The

paradigm also shows the relationship between the profile of the respondents and level of waste

management practices of Buquig, Bantay Residences.

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Theoretical Framework

This part of the research discusses the concepts and ideas that will support the study,

serving as a guide in understanding the problem.

Waste Management

Discard studies have demonstrated that waste is more than just a symptom of an all-too-

human demand for meaning or a merely technical problem for sanitary engineers and public

health officials. The afterlife of waste materials and processes of waste management reveal the

centrality of transient and discarded things for questions of materiality and ontology and

marginal and polluting labor and environmental justice movements, as well as for critiques of the

exploitation and deferred promises of modernity and imperial formations. There is yet more

waste that will tell us, especially as more studies continue to document the many ways that our

wastes are not only our problem but become entangled with the lives of nonhuman creatures and

the future of the planet we share (Reno, 2015).

In the contemporary landscape, characterized by rapid economic growth, widespread

urbanization, and burgeoning population figures, there has been an observable surge in the

consumption of resources, resulting in a notable uptick in material-intensive activities. This

heightened consumption, in turn, has precipitated the release of substantial volumes of waste into

the environment, exacerbating existing ecological concerns. From a global perspective, the

prevailing approach to waste and resource management has revealed inherent shortcomings,

marked by its lack of a comprehensive, integrated framework that encompasses the entire

spectrum of activities from product inception to disposal.

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This inadequacy becomes increasingly evident when scrutinizing various phases of the

product lifecycle, including but not limited to design, raw material extraction, manufacturing

processes, consumption patterns, recycling endeavors, and waste disposal strategies. While

efforts have been made in isolated pockets to address certain aspects of waste management,

waste reduction, and resource conservation, these initiatives often fall short of achieving

sustainable outcomes when viewed through a long-term lens.

The discourse presented within this article serves to elucidate the multifaceted nature of

progress and the myriad sustainability challenges that beset the global waste management

paradigm. Through a rigorous examination of existing methodologies and strategies, it becomes

abundantly clear that piecemeal approaches are insufficient to effectively tackle the complex

interplay between resource utilization, waste generation, and environmental degradation.

Consequently, a paradigm shift is imperative, necessitating the adoption of a more

holistic, systems-oriented approach that delves deeper into the root causes of these pressing

issues. Such an approach demands a fundamental restructuring of existing frameworks to foster

greater cohesion and synergy among stakeholders across various sectors. By embracing a

comprehensive strategy that transcends traditional boundaries and fosters collaboration, the

global community can aspire to forge a more sustainable future.

Of paramount importance is the development and dissemination of robust feedback

mechanisms, underpinned by accurate statistical data, to illuminate the intricate nexus between

waste generation and consumption patterns. Armed with this knowledge, policymakers, industry

leaders, and advocacy groups can make informed decisions and implement targeted interventions

aimed at curbing wasteful practices and promoting responsible resource management.

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In essence, the journey towards sustainable waste management necessitates a collective

endeavor, underpinned by innovation, collaboration, and a steadfast commitment to safeguarding

our planet for future generations. Only by embracing a holistic approach that addresses the

interconnectedness of environmental, social, and economic factors can we hope to forge a path

towards a more resilient and regenerative future (Singh et al., 2014).

Reduce

At its core, the concept of "reduce" is about minimizing the consumption of resources,

energy, and the generation of waste in the first place. It involves a fundamental shift in mindset

towards adopting more sustainable and efficient practices in our daily lives and industries. The

essence of reducing lies in making conscious choices to consume less, whether it's reducing the

amount of packaging used for products, opting for items with minimal packaging, or using

resources more efficiently in manufacturing processes and supply chains.

Embracing the principle of reducing entails various strategies, such as designing products

to be more durable and long-lasting, implementing energy-efficient technologies, optimizing

transportation and logistics to minimize fuel consumption, and encouraging responsible

consumption patterns among individuals and communities. By reducing the overall demand for

resources and minimizing unnecessary waste generation, we can significantly mitigate the

environmental impacts associated with resource extraction, production, and disposal.

Additionally, reducing encompasses broader initiatives aimed at addressing systemic

issues such as overconsumption, planned obsolescence, and unsustainable growth paradigms. It

involves reevaluating societal norms and practices to prioritize quality over quantity, fostering a

culture of conservation and stewardship, and promoting alternative economic models that

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prioritize well-being and ecological sustainability over endless consumption and GDP growth

(Amaral, 2020).

It encompasses a wide array of strategies aimed at minimizing the overall demand for

resources, energy, and materials, thereby mitigating environmental impacts. This principle

emphasizes the importance of conscious decision-making and lifestyle choices geared towards

using less, whether it pertains to goods, packaging, energy, or water. Strategies for reduction

include adopting minimalist lifestyles, choosing products with minimal packaging, optimizing

energy usage through energy-efficient appliances and practices, implementing water

conservation measures, and embracing sustainable practices in various sectors such as

agriculture, manufacturing, and transportation. By reducing consumption and waste generation at

the source, the "reduce" principle aims to promote sustainable consumption patterns, conserve

natural resources, and alleviate pressure on ecosystems and the environment (Boz, 2020).

The principle of reduction embodies a holistic approach to resource management and

environmental stewardship, advocating for a fundamental shift in societal attitudes and behaviors

towards consumption. At its core, reduction emphasizes the importance of minimizing resource

usage, energy consumption, and waste generation at every stage of the production-consumption-

disposal lifecycle. This involves not only individual actions but also systemic changes in

industrial processes, product design, and economic models. Strategies for reduction encompass a

broad spectrum of initiatives, including eco-design principles to optimize product durability and

efficiency, adoption of circular economy models to maximize resource utilization and minimize

waste, implementation of sustainable production practices such as lean manufacturing and green

procurement, and promotion of sustainable lifestyles emphasizing frugality, simplicity, and

mindfulness. By reducing the overall throughput of materials and energy within the economy,

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the reduction principle aims to decouple economic growth from environmental degradation,

foster resilience to resource scarcity and climate change, and promote a more equitable and

sustainable society for present and future generations.

Reuse

The concept of "reuse" emphasizes finding ways to utilize items again rather than

disposing of them after a single use, thereby extending their lifespan and reducing the need for

new production. Reusing represents a proactive approach to waste reduction and resource

conservation, as it seeks to maximize the utility of existing materials and products through

creative repurposing, refurbishment, and redistribution.

Reuse encompasses a wide range of practices and strategies, from repairing and

refurbishing goods to donating or selling used items for continued use by others. It involves

exploring innovative design approaches that prioritize modularity, durability, and adaptability,

allowing products to be easily repaired, upgraded, or repurposed throughout their lifecycle.

Furthermore, reuse encourages the establishment of sharing and collaborative consumption

platforms, where individuals and communities can access shared resources and assets, reducing

the overall demand for new products and minimizing waste generation.

By promoting reuse, we can significantly reduce the environmental footprint associated

with resource extraction, manufacturing, and waste disposal, while also fostering a more circular

and resource-efficient economy. Moreover, reuse initiatives contribute to the conservation of

natural resources, the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, and the creation of economic

opportunities through the development of repair and refurbishment industries and the promotion

of sustainable consumption habits. (Abdou, 2020).

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Reuse represents a proactive approach to waste management and resource utilization,

centered on extending the lifespan of products, materials, and resources through multiple cycles

of use. This concept encourages individuals, businesses, and communities to find innovative

ways to repurpose items, equipment, and materials rather than discarding them after a single use.

Reuse involves a spectrum of activities, including repairing, refurbishing, repurposing, and

redistributing items to maximize their utility and value. Examples of reuse initiatives encompass

repairing and refurbishing electronics, furniture, and appliances, repurposing containers and

packaging for storage or crafts, donating clothing and household items to charities or thrift

stores, and implementing systems for sharing or renting items among communities. By diverting

usable items from landfills, reducing the need for new production, and conserving energy and

resources associated with manufacturing, reuse contributes to waste reduction, resource

conservation, and the circular economy (Oke, 2016).

Reuse represents a paradigm shift in waste management and resource utilization,

advocating for the preservation and extension of the functional lifespan of products and materials

through successive cycles of use. Unlike traditional linear consumption patterns characterized by

"take-make-dispose" models, reuse embraces a circular approach to resource management, where

products and materials are maintained, repaired, refurbished, or repurposed to extract maximum

value and utility. This entails a multifaceted strategy encompassing product design for durability

and modularity, establishment of repair and refurbishment networks to extend product lifetimes,

development of sharing and collaborative consumption platforms to facilitate resource pooling

and access over ownership, and integration of remanufacturing and upcycling processes to

valorize discarded materials into new value-added products. By diverting usable items from

landfills, reducing the demand for virgin resources, and minimizing the environmental footprint

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associated with production and disposal, reuse contributes to the conservation of natural

resources, the mitigation of climate change, and the promotion of a more circular and

regenerative economy.

Recycle

Recycling is a pivotal component of sustainable waste management and resource

conservation, involving the collection, processing, and transformation of materials that would

otherwise be considered waste into valuable resources for new production. The concept of

recycling is grounded in the principles of circular economy, where materials are continuously

circulated within the economy, minimizing the need for virgin resource extraction and reducing

environmental degradation.

Recycling encompasses a diverse array of materials, including paper, glass, plastics,

metals, and organic matter, which are sorted, cleaned, and processed to recover raw materials for

manufacturing new products. Advanced recycling technologies and processes, such as

mechanical recycling, chemical recycling, and biological recycling, enable the efficient recovery

and reutilization of materials, even from complex and contaminated waste streams.

By diverting waste from landfills and incinerators and reintegrating valuable materials

back into the production cycle, recycling helps conserve natural resources, reduce energy

consumption, and decrease pollution associated with the extraction and processing of raw

materials. Moreover, recycling initiatives contribute to the creation of green jobs, the

development of sustainable supply chains, and the promotion of environmental stewardship and

community engagement.

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However, for recycling to realize its full potential, it is essential to address key challenges

such as improving collection infrastructure, enhancing material recovery and processing

technologies, promoting consumer awareness and participation, and fostering collaboration

among stakeholders across the value chain. By investing in innovative recycling solutions and

embracing a holistic approach to waste management, we can harness the transformative power of

recycling to build a more resilient, resource-efficient, and sustainable future for generations to

come (Kumar, 2021).

Recycling is a cornerstone of sustainable waste management and resource recovery,

involving the collection, processing, and transformation of materials that would otherwise be

discarded as waste into new products or materials. This concept operates on the premise of

closing the loop in material flows by reintegrating recycled materials back into the production

cycle, thereby conserving natural resources, reducing energy consumption, and minimizing

environmental pollution. Recycling encompasses a diverse range of materials, including paper,

cardboard, glass, plastic, metal, and organic waste, each requiring specific collection, sorting,

and processing methods. Common recycling processes include sorting, shredding, melting, and

refining materials to produce raw materials or feedstocks for manufacturing new products.

Examples of recycled products include recycled paper and cardboard products, recycled glass

containers, recycled plastic lumber, and recycled metal alloys. By promoting circularity in

material flows, recycling mitigates the depletion of finite resources, reduces greenhouse gas

emissions associated with extraction and manufacturing, and alleviates pressure on ecosystems

and ecosystems through waste diversion (Perkumienė, 2023).

Recycling serves as a linchpin in the transition towards a circular economy and the

sustainable management of material resources, enabling the recovery and reintegration of

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valuable materials from end-of-life products and waste streams back into the production process.

At its essence, recycling embodies the concept of "waste as a resource," where materials are not

treated as disposable liabilities but rather as potential inputs for new manufacturing processes

and products. This entails the establishment of comprehensive recycling infrastructure

encompassing collection, sorting, processing, and remanufacturing facilities, as well as the

development of market demand and incentives for recycled materials. Recycling operations

encompass a diverse array of materials, including paper, plastics, glass, metals, electronics, and

organic waste, each requiring tailored technologies and logistics solutions. Key recycling

processes include mechanical sorting, shredding, melting, purification, and extrusion, yielding

high-quality secondary raw materials for use in various industries. By closing the loop in

material flows, reducing the dependence on virgin resources, and mitigating the environmental

impacts of resource extraction and production, recycling plays a pivotal role in advancing the

circular economy agenda, fostering resource resilience, and promoting sustainable consumption

and production patterns.

In conclusion, the principles of "reduce, reuse, and recycle" represent a holistic and

integrated approach to sustainable resource management, encompassing not only individual

actions but also systemic changes across economic, social, and environmental domains. By

embracing these principles and mainstreaming them into policy frameworks, business practices,

and everyday behaviors, societies can work towards building a more resilient, equitable, and

sustainable future for all.

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Review of Related Literature

According to Jagdeep Singh (2014), Increased consumption of (materially intensive)

resources due to rapid economic growth, urbanization, and population growth has led to a

significant amount of garbage being released into the environment. Globally speaking, present

waste and resource management practices do not encompass a comprehensive strategy that

addresses the entire supply chain, including product design, extraction of raw materials,

manufacture, consumption, recycling, and waste management. This article presents and discusses

the various sustainability problems the global waste management system faces and its progress.

The study concludes that, from a long-term sustainability viewpoint, the current, pretty

fragmented efforts in various systems for resource management, waste reduction, and waste

management are, in fact, insufficient.

Solid waste management stands as a critical issue that demands attention from various

sectors of society, ranging from municipal authorities to corporate entities and individual

citizens. In his work, Tchobanoglous (2009) eloquently articulates the urgency of addressing this

concern, emphasizing its multifaceted nature and the dire consequences of neglecting it. This

essay delves into the significance of effective solid waste management, exploring its continuous

challenges, immediate repercussions of neglect, and the complexity of the management process.

At the core of the argument lies the recognition that solid waste management is not a

transient problem but a persistent worry. This concern stems from a multitude of factors,

including aesthetics, land use, public health, air pollution, and water contamination. In urban

environments, where population density is high, the stakes are even higher. Any lapse in the

waste collection system, even for a brief period, can rapidly escalate into a host of issues. The

manifestation of odors, proliferation of disease-carrying pests such as flies, rats, roaches, and

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crickets, as well as the influx of stray animals, exacerbates the situation. Moreover, the risk of

fires poses a significant threat, further compounding the challenges of waste mismanagement.

Tchobanoglous emphasizes that effective solid waste management requires a holistic

approach, acknowledging its multidisciplinary and technologically intricate nature. The process

encompasses various stages, from waste generation to its final disposal. Strategies such as source

reduction play a pivotal role in minimizing waste generation at its origin. On-site handling and

storage must adhere to rigorous standards to prevent environmental contamination and health

hazards. Collection, transfer, and transportation logistics must be efficiently managed to ensure

timely removal of waste from populated areas. Processing techniques, including recycling and

composting, offer sustainable alternatives to conventional disposal methods. Finally, disposal

practices must prioritize environmental sustainability and regulatory compliance.

Considering these considerations, it becomes evident that solid waste management is not

merely a technical challenge but a societal imperative. The consequences of neglecting this issue

are far-reaching, impacting public health, environmental quality, and overall community well-

being. Effective waste management is not an option but a necessity for sustainable development

and the preservation of human health and the environment.

Addressing the challenges of solid waste management requires collaborative efforts from

all stakeholders. Municipal authorities must invest in robust infrastructure and regulatory

frameworks to ensure effective waste collection and disposal. Corporations have a responsibility

to adopt sustainable practices that minimize waste generation and promote recycling and reuse.

Individual citizens must cultivate habits of responsible waste disposal and environmental

stewardship.

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In conclusion, Tchobanoglous's insights underscore the critical importance of effective

solid waste management. By recognizing the continuous challenges, immediate repercussions of

neglect, and the complexity of the management process, we can appreciate the urgency of

addressing this issue. Through concerted efforts and collective action, we can strive towards a

future where solid waste is managed responsibly, safeguarding public health, environmental

integrity, and the well-being of communities.

Adu-Boahen (2014), Sound that several affluent nations are severely struggling with

waste management, a social issue that has not spared either developed or developing countries.

Therefore, the study evaluated the opportunities and problems related to Jukwa residents’ waste

management methods. Six hundred heads of households were the target population, and a

descriptive survey design was used. Data were gathered using an observation checklist, focus

group discussions, interview schedule, and questionnaire. The analysis of the field data was done

with SPSS (version 16). According to the survey, solid waste is the most common type of

garbage humans produce. It was also discovered that a sizable portion of the inhabitants burned

their waste as a primary disposal method.

Review of Related Studies

In a study conducted by Mbuligwe (2002) entitled “Institutional Solid Waste

Management Practices in Developing Countries: A Case Study of Three Academic Institutions in

Tanzania,” it was noted that there are advantages in managing solid waste at the institutional

level because of the institutions’ unique characteristics that also influence their waste

management needs. The paper outlines findings from a yearlong study on institutional solid

waste management at three institutions: the University of Dar es Salaam (UDSM), the University

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College of Lands and Architectural Studies (UCLAS), and the Water Resources Institute (WRI).

Surveys and field investigations were done at UDSM, UCLAS, and WRI, including on-site waste

measurements and questionnaire surveys. The study has revealed, among other things, that per

capita waste generation rates, WG, vary between staff and students within each institution and

among the three institutions. The composition of the waste was predominantly organic,

suggesting a solid resource recovery potential in terms of animal feed or biogas production

through anaerobic digestion. Additionally, the WG was found to vary in line with changes in

institutional activities like regular studies, examinations, and holidays. The study has shown that

resource recovery could greatly enhance solid waste management at case study institutions.

Another study conducted by Abdullah (2022) entitled “Household Solid Waste

Management Practices and Perceptions among Residents in the East Coast of Malaysia” revealed

that 74.3 % of households disposed of food debris as waste, and 18.3% disposed of plastic

materials as waste. The study also showed that 50.3% of the households segregate their waste

while 49.7% did not. About 95.9% of the respondents knew that improper waste management

leads to diseases such as diarrhea and malaria. There were associations between locality, age,

and house type with waste segregation practices among respondents (Chi-square test, p<0.05).

Associations were also found between locality and the perception of improper waste

management, which leads to disease (Chi-square test, p<0.05). Principal Component Analysis

showed that 17.94% of the variance has high favorable loading (positive relationship) with age,

marital status, and type of house. This study highlights the importance of designing waste

separation programs that suit the needs of the targeted population as a boost towards sustainable

solid waste management practices.

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Assumptions

This study will be founded on the following assumptions:

1. The respondents answered the questionnaire precisely and truthfully.

2. Everyone cooperated and answered the given question.

3. The respondents of the research are genuine and honest.

Operational Definition of Terms

The following terms are defined for the purpose of the study.

Waste Management. This involves efficiently handling and disposing of household

waste to minimize environmental impact.

Reduce. This involves minimizing the amount of waste generated by using fewer

resources, consuming less, and being mindful of one's environmental impact.

Reuse. Refers to extending the life of products by using them multiple times or finding

alternative purposes, reducing the need for new items and cutting down on waste.

Recycle. Involves the collection and processing of materials like paper, glass, and plastic,

converting them into new products to prevent the depletion of resources and reduce

environmental impact.

Methodology

This chapter outlines the approach used to fulfill the purpose. The methodology part will

let the reader know the concrete methods employed, the population and sample of the study, the

data gathering procedure/instrument, and the statistical treatment of the data obtained in the

study.

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Research Design

This quantitative research used descriptive-correlational research design in collecting

existing data to answer questions, a method that involves observing and describing the behavior

of the study. This method also provided the most critical information needed in the study.

Using descriptive-correlational research design for the assessment of waste management

practices. The Buquig Bantay Residents would offer insightful information about the connections

between several waste management-related variables. In addition to describing the state of waste

management, this design looks at the relationships between several other variables, including

trash generation, disposal techniques, recycling behaviors, and attitudes toward waste

management.

Population and Sample

The researchers will utilize purposive random sampling to choose the respondents for this

study since, despite the large number of potential respondents in Buquig, Bantay, not all

inhabitants are available to answer the questionnaires. The respondents in this study were the 18

to 50-year-old resident of barangay Buquig, Bantay.

Table 1. Number of Sample Respondents for the Study

Barangay Sample (n)

Buquig, Bantay 100

Inclusion Criteria

These criteria were established by the researchers in order to identify the study

respondents — a chosen native of Baquig, Bantay, from the ages of 18 and 50.

Source of Data

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The respondents’ responses served as the researchers’ primary data source for this

investigation. The researchers created a questionnaire, and the information they received was

compiled from the respondents’ answers.

Locale of the Study

This study will be conducted at barangay Baquig, Bantay, Ilocos Sur.

Data Gathering Instrument

The study will use a questionnaire format that the researchers constructed. The

questionnaire format includes two parts: the first part contains the profile of the respondents, and

the second part will be the residents' waste management practices.

Data Gathering Procedure

1. The researchers will ask permission from the principal of Ilocos Sur National High School to

conduct this study.

2. The researchers will prepare a validated questionnaire and ask permission to residencies in

Buquig, Bantay.

3. When permission will be granted, the researchers will prepare the questionnaires for the

residents in Buquig, Bantay.

4. After preparing the questionnaires, the researcher will retrieve the questionnaires and

collected data.

5. The researchers will analyze and interpret the data gathered to know the study's findings.

6. Lastly, the researchers discussed the findings of the study.

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 ILOCOS SUR NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL – SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

Statistical Treatment of Data

To achieve the objectives set for this study, the following statistical tools were used to treat

the data the researchers gathered.

1. Frequency Count and Percentage Distribution will be used to describe the respondents in

terms of their profile.

2. Mean will be used in this study to indicate the sum of all numbers divided by the number of

values in the list

3. Pearson Rxy will be used in this study to test whether there is a significant relationship

between two variables.

Ethical Considerations

The researchers will conduct this study to be guided by the following ethical

considerations.

Informed Consent. The informants of this study knowingly, voluntarily, intelligently,

clearly, and manifestly give their consent. Full consent from the respondents was obtained before

the study, and is fully informed about the evaluation conducted. Informants are made aware of

the project's purpose, how the findings will be used, and who will have access to the findings.

Voluntary Participation. Participation in this study is highly voluntary, and there are no

penalties for refusal to participate. Participants are freely given a decision whether or not to do so

without exerting pressure or coercion. In case of any withdrawal from participation, the

researchers sought other willing participants to be included in the sample.

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 ILOCOS SUR NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL – SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

Right to Self-Determination. Whether or not to participate in the study will be entirely

up to the respondents. They have the right to request information, withhold it at any moment, and

refuse to supply it. By doing this, the researchers will be able to inform the respondents of the

study’s goal and get their agreement to participate in the study’s survey by providing personal

information.

Compensation. Participation in the study will be entirely voluntary. The respondents will

not receive compensation.

Conflict of Interest. The researchers must explain to the respondents that there are no

conflicts of interest or prospective conflicts of interest between the researcher and the

respondents at Ilocos Sur National High School, including any relationship or affiliations

between them. The study will not result in any financial or personal gain for the researcher. The

study must only be carried out for the benefit of that study and the researcher’s professional

development. As a result, the researchers must state in the letter to respondents that they will not

have any conflict of interest.

Maintain Anonymity and Confidentiality. The researchers must be warned against

unapproved data access to preserve the respondent’s anonymity and the confidentiality of the

data. It must be addressed and maintained, including but not limited to the following: giving

participants code names; keeping survey forms and any other documents containing participant

information in a locked file cabinet in the researcher’s possession; and shredding data after the

analysis has been bound, presented, and published. After analyzing the data, the researcher must

remove all identifying information before reporting the study findings. This ensures that no one

reading the findings can associate any particular person with the responses. The studies will be

HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCES (HUMSS)

 ILOCOS SUR NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL – SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

saved on a password-protected computer. The information is only accessible to the researcher,

technical panel, ethics committee panel, and advisory board.

Justice and Fairness. To ensure justice, the researcher must treat the respondents fairly

and equally without passing judgment or showing bias. The researcher must also maintain the

integrity of the discussion.

Community Guidelines. The study’s findings aimed to give a more thorough grasp of

how receptive students and teachers are, which will be beneficial. Moreover, residents are

allowed to talk about this event.

Benefits from the Study. The study benefits from the findings of its data collection,

analysis, and discussion, which are its advantages. The researchers will learn more about waste

management, it is observed. Also possible is a closer approach.

HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCES (HUMSS)