Study Guide for MELT 207 - Innovative
Approaches and Methods in Language
Teaching
1. Audiolingual vs. Task-Based Approaches
Key Concepts:
- Audiolingual Method (ALM): Based on behaviorist theories, focuses on habit formation
through repetition and drills. Primarily emphasizes speaking and listening.
- Characteristics:
- Focus on accuracy.
- Use of repetition and reinforcement.
- Dialogues and pattern drills.
- Minimal grammar explanation.
- Classroom Example:
- Scenario: In a language lab, students repeatedly listen to and repeat sentences such as 'I
am going to the store' to reinforce sentence structure and pronunciation.
- Task-Based Learning (TBL): Focuses on using real-world tasks to encourage
communication. Students complete tasks using the target language in context.
- Characteristics:
- Focus on meaning over form.
- Use of authentic materials and activities.
- Encourages critical thinking and problem-solving.
- Learning through tasks like role-plays, problem-solving, or project work.
- Classroom Example:
- Scenario: In pairs, students plan a trip to an English-speaking country, discussing the
best routes, accommodations, and activities, while using the target language.
Practice Question:
*What is the primary difference between the Audiolingual and Task-Based approaches in
language teaching?*
Answer: The Audiolingual method emphasizes repetition, drills, and accuracy, while Task-
Based Learning focuses on communication, real-world tasks, and meaning over form.
2. Integrating Technology in Language Teaching
Key Concepts:
- Emerging Technologies: Apps and online platforms like Duolingo, Quizlet, and Google
Classroom can enhance language learning.
- Frameworks for Effective Integration:
- SAMR Model (Substitution, Augmentation, Modification, Redefinition): Helps educators
evaluate how technology can transform learning.
- TPACK Model (Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge): Guides teachers to
integrate technology, pedagogy, and content knowledge.
Classroom Example:
- Scenario: A teacher uses Duolingo to help students practice vocabulary. The app's
personalized feedback adjusts to the learner’s proficiency level, making it suitable for
students with varying abilities.
Practice Question:
*How can the SAMR model help teachers in integrating technology into their language
lessons?*
Answer: The SAMR model helps teachers understand the levels of technology integration,
from simple substitution (using tech to replace traditional tools) to redefinition
(transforming learning experiences with technology).
3. Task-Based Learning Module Design
Key Concepts:
- Real-World Tasks: Students use language to complete real-life tasks, focusing on
communication and collaboration.
- Designing Modules: Modules should include tasks that build linguistic competencies in
speaking, listening, reading, and writing.
Classroom Example:
- Scenario: In a B2-level classroom, students work in groups to plan and present a charity
event. The task involves writing promotional materials, giving presentations, and discussing
logistics in English.
Practice Question:
*What is the purpose of focusing on real-world tasks in Task-Based Learning?*
Answer: The purpose is to engage students in meaningful communication, allowing them to
use the language in practical, real-life contexts.
4. Flipped Classroom Models
Key Concepts:
- Benefits: Students learn new content at home (via videos, readings), and class time is
spent on active learning (discussions, problem-solving).
- Challenges: Requires reliable internet access and self-motivation from students.
- Learning Outcomes: Flipped classrooms can lead to improved engagement and better
retention.
Classroom Example:
- Scenario: Students watch a video on English tenses at home and in class, practice forming
sentences with peers, and receive feedback from the teacher.
Practice Question:
*What is the primary challenge of implementing a flipped classroom model in language
teaching?*
Answer: The primary challenge is ensuring students have access to the necessary
technology and are motivated to complete pre-class assignments.
5. Assessment Criteria in Language Teaching
Key Concepts:
- Aligning Assessments with CLT (Communicative Language Teaching): Assessments should
focus on real-world communication skills, including fluency and accuracy.
- Formative Assessments: Ongoing assessments that inform instruction (e.g., quizzes, oral
presentations).
- Summative Assessments: Final evaluations of language proficiency (e.g., exams, final
projects).
Classroom Example:
- Scenario: After a unit on restaurant vocabulary, the teacher has students role-play a
restaurant scenario, assessing their ability to use the target language in context.
Practice Question:
*How do formative assessments differ from summative assessments in language teaching?*
Answer: Formative assessments are ongoing and used to guide instruction, while
summative assessments are final evaluations of student learning.
