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Melting and Casting in R Programming

The document explains the concepts of melting and casting in R programming, which are used to reshape data using the reshape package. The melt() function converts a dataframe into long format, while the cast() function aggregates molten data back into a specified format. Examples are provided to illustrate the usage of both functions with sample data.

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31 views4 pages

Melting and Casting in R Programming

The document explains the concepts of melting and casting in R programming, which are used to reshape data using the reshape package. The melt() function converts a dataframe into long format, while the cast() function aggregates molten data back into a specified format. Examples are provided to illustrate the usage of both functions with sample data.

Uploaded by

sibi00424
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Melting and Casting in R Programming

Melting and Casting are one of the interesting aspects in R programming to change
the shape of the data and further, getting the desired shape. R programming language
has many methods to reshape the data using reshape package. melt() and cast() are
the functions that efficiently reshape the data. There are many packages in R that
require data reshaping. Each data is specified in multiple rows of dataframe with
different details in each row and this type of format of data is known as long
format.

Melting in R:

Melting in R programming is done to organize the data. It is performed


using melt() function which takes dataset and column values that has to be kept
constant. Using melt(), dataframe is converted into long format and stretches the
data frame.

Syntax:
melt(data, na.rm = FALSE, value.name = “value”)

Parameters:

data: represents dataset that has to be reshaped


na.rm: if TRUE, removes NA values from dataset
value.name: represents name of variable used to store values

Example:
# Required library for ships dataset
install.packages("MASS")

# Required for melt() and cast() function


install.packages("reshape2")
install.packages("reshape")

#Loading the libraries


library(MASS)
library(reshape2)
library(reshape)

# Create dataframe
n <- c(1, 1, 2, 2)
time <- c(1, 2, 1, 2)
x <- c(6, 3, 2, 5)
y <- c(1, 4, 6, 9)
df <- data.frame(n, time, x, y)

# Original data frame


cat("Original data frame:\n")
print(df)

# Organize data w.r.t. n and time


molten.data <- melt(df, id = c("n","time"))

cat("\nAfter melting data frame:\n")


print(molten.data)

Output:
Original data frame:
n time x y
11 161
21 234
32 126
42 259

After melting data frame:


n time variable value
11 1 x 6
21 2 x 3
32 1 x 2
42 2 x 5
51 1 y 1
61 2 y 4
72 1 y 6
82 2 y 9

Casting in R:

Casting in R programming is used to reshape the molten data using cast() function
which takes aggregate function and formula to aggregate the data accordingly. This
function is used to convert long format data back into some aggregated form of data
based on the formula in the cast() function.

Syntax:
cast(data, formula, fun.aggregate)

Parameters:
data: represents dataset
formula: represents the form in which data has to be reshaped
fun.aggregate: represents aggregate function

Example:

# Print recasted dataset using cast() function

cast.data <- cast(molten.data, n~variable, sum)

print(cast.data)

cat("\n")

time.cast <- cast(molten.data, time~variable, mean)


print(time.cast)

Output:
nx y
119 5
2 2 7 15

time x y
1 1 4 3.5
2 2 4 6.5

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