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Paranoid Personality Disorder

Paranoid Personality Disorder (PPD) is characterized by pervasive distrust and suspiciousness of others, leading individuals to interpret motives as malevolent, often without evidence. Symptoms include unjustified doubts about loyalty, reluctance to confide in others, and a tendency to bear grudges. Treatment primarily involves psychotherapy, though individuals with PPD rarely seek help, and diagnosis should only occur when traits are inflexible and cause significant impairment.

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32 views12 pages

Paranoid Personality Disorder

Paranoid Personality Disorder (PPD) is characterized by pervasive distrust and suspiciousness of others, leading individuals to interpret motives as malevolent, often without evidence. Symptoms include unjustified doubts about loyalty, reluctance to confide in others, and a tendency to bear grudges. Treatment primarily involves psychotherapy, though individuals with PPD rarely seek help, and diagnosis should only occur when traits are inflexible and cause significant impairment.

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rubabashar57
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Paranoid Personality

Disorder
Workshop By
Ruba Bashar
Aya Jassim
Alia Saleem
Mohamad Khaled
Introduction
PPD is a pervasive distrust and suspiciousness of others such that their
.
motives are interpreted as malevolent, beginning by early adulthood
and present in a variety of contexts.
Individuals with this disorder assume that other people will exploit,
harm, or deceive them, even if no evidence exists to support this
expectation (Criterion A1). They suspect on the basis of little or no
evidence that others are plotting against them and may attack them
suddenly
Signs & symptoms
1 Suspects, without sufficient basis, that others are exploiting, harming,
. or deceiving him or her.

2 Is preoccupied with unjustified doubts about the loyalty or trustworthiness of friends or associates.

3 Is reluctant to confide in others because of unwarranted fear that the information will be used maliciously against
him or her.

4 Reads hidden demeaning or threatening meanings into benign remarks or events.

5 Persistently bears grudges (i.e., is unforgiving of insults, injuries, or slights).

6 . is quick to react angrily


Perceives attacks on his or her character or reputation that are not apparent to others and
or to counterattack
Associated Features
Individuals with paranoid personality disorder are
generally difficult to get along with and often have
problems with close relationships. Their excessive
suspiciousness and hostility may be expressed in overt
argumentativeness, in recurrent complaining, or by
hostile aloofness. They display a labile range of affect,
with hostile, stubborn, and sarcastic expressions
predominating. Their combative and suspicious nature
may elicit a hostile response in others, which then serves
to confirm their original expectations.
Prevalence
The estimated prevalence of paranoid personality based on a probability
subsample from Part II of the National Comorbidity Survey Replication was
2.3%. The prevalence of paranoid personality disorder in the National
Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions was 4.4%. A review
of six epidemiological studies (four in the United States) found a median
prevalence of 3.2%. In forensic settings, the estimated prevalence may be as
high as 23%.
Development and
Course
Paranoid personality disorder may be first apparent in childhood and
adolescence with solitariness, poor peer relationships, social anxiety,
underachievement in school, and interpersonal hypersensitivity.
Adolescent onset of paranoid personality disorder is associated with a
prior history of childhood maltreatment, externalizing symptoms, bullying
of peers, and adult appearance of interpersonal aggression.
Risk and Prognostic
Factors
Environmental.
. Exposure to social stressors such as socioeconomic inequality, .
marginalization, and racism is associated with decreased trust, which in some cases
is adaptive.

Genetic and physiological. There is some evidence for an increased prevalence of


paranoid personality disorder in relatives of probands with schizophrenia and for a
more specific familial relationship with delusional disorder, persecutory type.

The combination of social stress and childhood maltreatment accounts for the
increased. prevalence of paranoid symptoms in social groups facing racial
discrimination
TREATMENT
Psychotherapy

As with most personality disorders, psychotherapy


is the treatment of choice. Individuals with paranoid
personality disorder, however, rarely present
themselves for treatment. It should not be
surprising, then, that there has been little outcome
research to suggest which types of treatment are
most effective with this disorder.
Nursing Interventions
Serious, straightforward approach; teach client to validate ideas
before taking action; involve client in treatment planning

Improve client's functioning in the community, assist client to


find case manager
•
•
Develop self-care skills; improve community functioning, social
skills training

Limit setting; confrontation; teach client to solve problems


effectively and manage emotions of anger or frustration

Teach social skills; provide factual feedback about behavior


Recommendation
Paranoid personality Disorder should not be diagnosed if the pattern
of behaving occurs exclusively during the course of schizophrenia, a
bipolar disorder or depressive disorder with psychotic features or
another psychotic disorder or of it is attributable to the physiological
effects of neurological (e.g., temporal lobe epilepsy) or another
medical condition. It may be adaptive, particularly in threatening
environments. Paranoid personality disorder should be diagnosed
only when these traits are inflexible, maladaptive, and persisting and
cause significant functional impairment or subjective distress.
REFERENCES
Sheila.L.Videbeck/Psychiatric- Mental Health Nursing
CHAPTER 18/Personality Disorders 548_550

DSM-5-TR.DIAGNOSTIC AND STATISTICAL MANUAL


OF MENTAL DISORDERS /Paranoid personality
disorder, 733-742, 764_ 767
Thanks for all

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