Segales
SAMPLE PROBLEM
Strength of Figure
Given the quadrilateral ABCD in the accompanying figure. Assume that the observed interior angles have already been subjected to station and figure adjustment. If all
triangulation stations were occupied and all lines observed in both directions, determine the following:
A. Strength of Figure
B. Distance angles and the equations for determining the length of CD by different routes.
C. Strength of figure for each chain of triangles
D. Length of the check base CD using the strongest route if the line AB is 2,024.26 m.
A Known side B
a b
h 540 440
c
38 0
560
260
440
g 680 300 d
D
f e
Required side C
Solution
A. Determining the strength of figure factor
C' = (n' − s' + 1) + (n − 2s + 3)
= (6 − 4 + 1) + (6 − 2(4) + 3)
= 4
Segales
D−C
F =
D
10 − 4
F =
10
� = �. ��
B. Determining distance angles and the equations for determining the length of CD by different routes.
1. Considering triangles ABD and ACD with AD as the common side
�� �� �� ��� �
= → �� =
��� � ��� � ��� �
�� �� �� ��� ℎ
= → �� =
��� � ��� ℎ ��� �
�� ��� �� ��� ��
�� =
��� �� ��� ��
Distance Angle “A” = Angle opposite the side to be computed
Distance Angle “B” = Angle opposite the known side
Triangle ABD
Known side: AB
To be Computed: AD
A1 = 440
B1 = 440
Triangle ACD
Known side: AD
Segales
To be Computed: CD
A2 = 380
B2 = 300
2. Considering triangles ABC and ADC with AC as the common side
�� �� �� ��� (� + �)
= → �� =
��� � ��� (� + �) ��� �
�� �� �� ��� ℎ
= → �� =
��� (� + �) ��� ℎ ��� (� + �)
�� ��� ��� ��� ��
�� =
��� ��� ��� ��
Distance Angle “A” = Angle opposite the side to be computed
Distance Angle “B” = Angle opposite the known side
Triangle ABC
Known side: AB
To be Computed: AC
A1 = 1000
B1 = 260
Triangle ADC
Known side: AC
To be Computed: DC
Segales
A2 = 380
B2 = 1120
3. Considering triangles ABC and BCD with BC as the common side
�� �� �� ��� �
= → �� =
��� � ��� � ��� �
�� �� �� ��� �
= → �� =
��� � ��� � ��� �
�� ��� �� ��� ��
�� =
��� �� ��� ��
Distance Angle “A” = Angle opposite the side to be computed
Distance Angle “B” = Angle opposite the known side
Triangle ABC
Known side: AB
To be Computed: BC
A1 = 540
B1 = 260
Triangle BCD
Known side: BC
To be Computed: DC
A2 = 560
Segales
B2 = 680
4. Considering triangles BCD and ABD with BD as the common side
�� �� �� ��� (ℎ + �)
= → �� =
��� � ��� (ℎ + �) ��� �
�� �� �� ��� �
= → �� =
��� (� + �) ��� � ��� (� + �)
�� ��� �� ��� ��
�� =
��� �� ��� ��
Distance Angle “A” = Angle opposite the side to be computed
Distance Angle “B” = Angle opposite the known side
Triangle ABD
Known side: AB
To be Computed: BD
A1 = 920
B1 = 440
Triangle ADC
Known side: BD
To be Computed: DC
A2 = 560
B2 = 560
Segales
C. Determining the strength of figures for each chain of triangles
∆2 A + ∆A ∆B + ∆2 B for A1 and B1
∆2 A + ∆A ∆B + ∆2 B for A2 and B2
ROUTE 1:
Triangle ABD
A1 = 440
B1 = 440
Triangle ACD
A2 = 380
B2 = 300
∆A1 = [log sin(44 + 1") − log sin (44)]/ 1x10−6
∆A1 = 2.180318241
∆B1 = [log sin(44 + 1") − log sin (44)]/ 1x10−6
∆B1 = 2.180318241
∆2 A + ∆A ∆B + ∆2 B = 14.2613629
∆A2 = [log sin(38 + 1") − log sin (38)]/ 1x10−6
∆A2 = 2.694928042
∆B2 = [log sin(30 + 1") − log sin (30)]/ 1x10−6
∆B2 = 3.646845578
∆2 A + ∆A ∆B + ∆2 B = 30.39010623
∑ (∆2 A + ∆A ∆B + ∆2 B ) = 14.2613629 + 30.39010623 = ��. ��������
Segales
R = F [∑ (∆2 A + ∆A ∆B + ∆2 B )]
R = 0.60 (44.65146913)
� = ��. ��������
ROUTE 2:
Triangle ABC
A1 = 1000
B1 = 260
Triangle ADC
A2 = 380
B2 = 1120
∆A1 = [log sin(100 + 1") − log sin (100)]/ 1x10−6
∆A1 = − 0.3712650812
∆B1 = [log sin(26 + 1") − log sin (26)]/ 1x10−6
∆B1 = 4.316927266
∆2 A + ∆A ∆B + ∆2 B = 17.17097443
∆A2 = [log sin(38 + 1") − log sin (38)]/ 1x10−6
∆A2 = 2.694928042
∆B2 = [log sin(112 + 1") − log sin (112)]/ 1x10−6
∆B2 = − 0.8506908551
∆2 A + ∆A ∆B + ∆2 B = 5.693761442
Segales
∑ (∆2 A + ∆A ∆B + ∆2 B ) = 17.17097443 + 5.693761442 = ��. ��������
R = F [∑ (∆2 A + ∆A ∆B + ∆2 B )]
R = 0.60 (��. �������� )
� = 13.71884152
ROUTE 3:
Triangle ABC
A1 = 540
B1 = 260
Triangle BDC
A2 = 560
B2 = 680
∆A1 = [log sin(54 + 1") − log sin (54)]/ 1x10−6
∆A1 = 1.529741346
∆B1 = [log sin(26 + 1") − log sin (26)]/ 1x10−6
∆B1 = 4.316927266
∆2 A + ∆A ∆B + ∆2 B = 27.57975174
∆A2 = [log sin(56 + 1") − log sin (56)]/ 1x10−6
∆A2 = 1.420183115
∆B2 = [log sin(68 + 1") − log sin (68)]/ 1x10−6
Segales
∆B2 = 0.850678985
∆2 A + ∆A ∆B + ∆2 B = 3.948694746
∑ (∆2 A + ∆A ∆B + ∆2 B ) = 27.57975174 + 3.948694746 = 31.52844648
R = F [∑ (∆2 A + ∆A ∆B + ∆2 B )]
R = 0.60 (31.52844648 )
� = 18.91706789
ROUTE 4
Triangle ABD
A1 = 920
B1 = 440
Triangle ADC
A2 = 560
B2 = 560
∆A1 = [log sin(92 + 1") − log sin (92)]/ 1x10−6
∆A1 = − 0.07353145706
∆B1 = [log sin(44 + 1") − log sin (44)]/ 1x10−6
∆B1 = 2.180318241
∆2 A + ∆A ∆B + ∆2 B = 4.59887253
∆A2 = [log sin(56 + 1") − log sin (56)]/ 1x10−6
∆A2 = 1.420183115
Segales
∆B2 = [log sin(56 + 1") − log sin (56)]/ 1x10−6
∆B2 = 1.420183115
∆2 A + ∆A ∆B + ∆2 B = 6.05076024
∑ (∆2 A + ∆A ∆B + ∆2 B ) = 4.59887253 + 6.05076024 = 10.64963277
R = F [∑ (∆2 A + ∆A ∆B + ∆2 B )]
R = 0.60 (10.64963277 )
� = �. ���������
CHAIN OF COMMON
QUADRILATERAL ROUTE DIST ANGLES R
TRIANGLES SIDE EACH SUMMATION
ABD 44,44 14.26
1 AD 44.65 26.79
ACD 38,30 30.39
ABC 100,26 17.17
2 AC 22.86 13.72
ADC 38,112 5.69
ABCD
ABC 54,26 27.58
3 BC 31.58 18.92
BDC 56,68 3.95
ABD 92,44 4.6
4 BD 10.65 6.39
ADC 56,56 6.05
Segales
D. Determining length of DC using the strongest route. Use equation in route 4 since triangle ABD and ADC with BD as the common side provides the strongest chain.
(2,024.26 m) ��� 92 ��� 56
DC = = �, ���. �� �
��� 56 ��� 44
