MODULE 01
INTRODUCTION TO RESEARCH
(A WAY OF THINKING)
Research Methodology:
Complete Research
Project
Saed A Mohamed
?
What are
methods of
learning?
?
Methods of learning?
Research
Research Production
Consumption 1.Concept
2.Methodology
Schooling 1.Concept
3.Instrument
1.(Structured 2.Methodology
4.Findings
Concept) 3.Instrument
5.Implications
Reading 4.Findings
6.Practices
5.Implications
1.(Unstructured 7.Further review
Concept)
Practices
1.(Process)
Research = answering questions
systematically
What is research Research is a scientific process
systematically conducted to
research? ● solve problems
● revise current knowledge
● discovering new facts.
• Research problem arise from;
• Practical problems aimed at
contributing to change,
• Theoretical problems aimed at
expanding knowledge.
Purposes ● To find out what we don’t know.
of Research ● To confirm whether what we
(Personal Perspectives) know is correct.
● To know more than what we
already know.
● To affirm our conceptual belief.
● To satisfy our curiosity.
Research helps to:
● Generate knowledge
Purposes ○ new knowledge/facts which
never been existing.
of Research ● Validate knowledge
(Educational Perspectives)
○ helps to prove existing
knowledge or check on the
existing knowledge to prove or
disprove.
● Refine knowledge
○ Improve on the existing
knowledge.
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What are research
barriers?
Time Barrier
What are research Language Barrier
barriers? Conceptual Barrier
Technical Barrier
Literature Barrier
Financial Barrier
?
Research
Products
Research Products
Professional
Student Paper M&E Report Market Report
Paper
What are
components of
research/thesis
?
1 Preliminaries
Components of 2 Text (Chapters)
research/thesis
3 References
4 Appendices
I. TITLE PAGE
II. DECLARATION
III. APPROVAL
IV. DEDICATION
V. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PART I VI.
LIST OF TABLES
PRELIMINARIES PAGES VII.
VIII. LIST OF FIGURES
IX. ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS
X. ABSTRACT
• CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION
PART II • CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW
• CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
CONTENTS • CHAPTER FOUR: RESULTS
(CHAPTERS) • CHAPTER FIVE: CONCLUSIONS
If you have put someone else's ideas or
information in your own words, you still
need to show where the original idea or
information came from.
In text citation:
PART III • Its used to acknowledge the sources of
information within the body of the paper.
REFERENCES • The basic format for in-text citations
includes the author's last name and the
publication year, placed in parentheses..
References List:
• It provides the complete details of the
sources cited in the paper.
• It is typically placed at the end of the
document on a separate page titled
"References.".
● Who – the author responsible for the content
○ Can be a person or an organization
● When – when the content was created
PART III ● What – the title of the content
REFERENCES ● Where – where the content can be found
○ Books need: City/state of publication and
Publisher
○ Articles need: journal title, volume/issue
numbers, pages, and DOI
○ Websites need: URL
Appendices contain supplementary materials
that support the main text, such as raw data,
questionnaires, interview transcripts, or
additional tables and figures.
PART IV
• Appendix I: Informed Consent Letter
APPENDICES
• Appendix II: Research Instruments
• Appendix III: Work plan/Timeframe
• Appendix IV: Budget frame
• Appendix V: Statistical Tables
• Appendix VI: Maps
How to make
?
your research
project
successful ?
Research Research
Indicators Questions
Research Research
Answer Methodologies
To make your research project
successful
Research 1. Questions must be interesting!
Indicators 2. Methodologies must be appreciate
3. Answer must be compelling!
Methodologies must
be appreciate
What makes a
research Three aspects of an interesting
question question
● Important: it helps to solve a
interesting? problem or advances our
understanding
● Novel: it hasn’t been answered
before
● Timely: it is the logical next step
How to balance
your question This is a very interesting question!
and your After that readers looks methodology
● Statistics
answer? ● Research design
● Sampling
● Validity
● Reliability
● Measurements
The four aspects of a compelling
What makes an answer
research answer
compelling? No alternative
explanations
Accurate
measurements
External
Reliability
validity
The four aspects of a compelling answer
1. No alternative explanations: ideally, there should be only one
way to interpret your results so that you can draw a clear
conclusion.
2. Accurate measurements: It is measure what they are supposed
to measure and also that they measure it with the highest
possible precision.
3. External validity: means that your study is set up in a way that
you can generalize your findings to the bigger world.
4. Reliability: refers that your findings are reliable in the sense
that if you did you study a second time, you would get the
same results.
Pure • Investigations conducted to expand knowledge and
Research understanding in a particular field without any immediate
Application practical application or goal.
Applied • Scientific or academic investigations conducted with the
Research specific goal of solving practical problems, improving
technologies, or addressing real-world issues.
Qualitative • research method that focuses on exploring and
Types Research understanding complex phenomena and experiences from a
subjective perspective.
Enquiry Mode
of Quantitative
Research
• Research method that emphasizes the measurement, analysis,
and statistical interpretation of numerical data.
Research
Exploration • It aims to explore new areas, uncover potential
Research relationships, generate ideas, and identify research
questions for further investigation.
Description • It aims to describe and document the characteristics,
Research behaviors, and phenomena of a particular population or
Objectives phenomenon.
Explanation • aims to identify and explain the causal relationships
Research between variables to understand the reasons, mechanisms,
and processes behind phenomena.
Association • It aims to determine correlation between variables,
Research indicating that changes in one variable are related to
changes in another variable.
THE
RESEARCH
PROCESS
Figure 2.1 The research journey – touch each post and select methods and procedures appropriate for your journey
Research Process at -INU
Design
Analytical
Planning Phase
Phase
Writing effective Analyzing collected
research proposal. Data.
Panel Review Supervisor Review
01 02 03 04 05
Conceptual Empirical Dissemination
Phase Phase Phase
Selecting great research topic,
Collecting relevance Writing research proposal
review and research plan.
data. report/final thesis.
Panel Review Supervisor Review
Panel Review
THANK
YOU
