PIC

Experiments 1-8 (Semester II)

Experiment 1
a)

Code

// Problem Statement: Write a C program to find ASCII values of a

character.

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
char x;

printf("Enter character: ");

scanf("%c", &x);

printf("\nThe ASCII value is: %d.\n", x);

return 0;
}

Output

b)

Code

// Problem Statement: Write a C program to check whether a given number is

prime or not.

#include <stdio.h>

int main()
{

#define PRIME 0;
#define COMPOSITE 1;
 int x;
int toggle = PRIME;

printf("Enter value: ");

scanf("%d", &x);

for (int i = 2; i < x; i++)

{
if (x % i == 0)
{
toggle = COMPOSITE;
}
}
if (!toggle)
{
printf("\n%d is a prime number.", x);
}
else
{
printf("\n%d is a composite number.", x);
}
printf("\n");
return 0;
}

Output

c)

Code

// Problem Statement: Write a C program to find out the LCM of two

numbers.

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int x, y, hcf, lcm;
printf("Enter value x: ");
scanf("%d", &x);

printf("Enter value y: ");

 scanf("%d", &y);

for (int i = 1; i <= x && i <= y; i++)

{
if (x % i == 0 && y % i == 0) {
hcf = i;
}
}

lcm = (x * y) / hcf;
printf("The LCM of %d and %d is %d.\n", x, y, lcm);
return 0;
}

Output

Experiment 2
a)

Code

// Problem Statement: Write a C program to take 5 values from user

and store them in an array.

#include <stdio.h>

int main()
{
int x[5];

for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++)

{
printf("\nEnter value of element %d: ", i);
scanf("%d", &x[i]);
}
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++)
{
printf("\nElement %d: %d", i, x[i]);
}
printf("\n");
 return 0;
}

Output

b)

Code

// Problem Statement: Write a C program to find the average of n numbers using

an array.

#include <stdio.h>

int main()
{
int n;

printf("Enter number of elements: ");

scanf("%d", &n);

int x[n];

for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)

{
printf("\nEnter value of element %d: ", i);
scanf("%d", &x[i]);
}
 float average, sum = 0;

for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)

{
sum += x[i];
}

average = sum / n;
printf("\nThe average of given numbers is: %f. \n", average);
return 0;
}

Output

c)

Code

// Problem Statement: Write a C program to print the following C pattern.

// *
// ##
// &&&
/// @@@@

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
for (int i = 1; i <= 4; i++)
{
for (int j = 1; j <= i; j++)
{
switch (i)
{
case 1:
 printf("#");
break;
case 2:
printf("*");
break;
case 3:
printf("&");
break;
case 4:
printf("@");
break;
}
}
printf("\n");
}
return 0;
}

Output

d)

Code

// Problem Statement: Write a C program to sort the elements of an

array in ascending order.

#include <stdio.h>

int main()
{
int n;

printf("Enter number of elements: ");

scanf("%d", &n);

int x[n];

for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)

{
printf("\nEnter value of element %d: ", i);
scanf("%d", &x[i]);
 }

for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)

{
for (int j = i + 1; j < n; j++)
{
if (x[j] < x[i])
{
int temp = x[j];
x[j] = x[i];
x[i] = temp;
}
}
}
printf("\nSorted array is: ");

for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)

{
printf("\nElement %d: %d", i, x[i]);
}
printf("\n");
return 0;
}

Output
Experiment 3
a)

Code

// Problem Statement: Write C program for finding the greatest and

the smallest element in the array

#include <stdio.h>

int main()
{
int n;

printf("Enter number of elements: ");

scanf("%d", &n);

int x[n];

for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)

{
printf("\nEnter value of element %d: ", i);
scanf("%d", &x[i]);
}

int max = x[0];

int min = x[0];

for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)

{
if (x[i] > max)
{
max = x[i];
}
if (x[i] < min)
{
min = x[i];
}
}
printf("\nThe minimum value is %d and the maximum value is %d. \n", min, max);
return 0;
}

Output
b)

Code

// Problem Statement: Write C program squaring the even positioned and cubing
the odd positioned elements.

#include <stdio.h>

int main()
{
int n;

printf("Enter number of elements: ");

scanf("%d", &n);

int x[n], y[n];

for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)

{
printf("\nEnter value of element %d: ", i);
scanf("%d", &x[i]);
}

for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)

{
if (i % 2 == 0)
{
y[i] = x[i] * x[i];
}
else
{
y[i] = x[i] * x[i] * x[i];
}
}
 printf("\nThe new array is:\n");
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
{
printf("Element %d: %d\n", i, y[i]);
}

return 0;
}

Output

c)

Code

// Problem Statement: Write a C program to move all the negative elements to

one side of the array

#include <stdio.h>

int main()
{
int n;
 printf("Enter number of elements: ");
scanf("%d", &n);

int x[n];

for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)

{
printf("\nEnter value of element %d: ", i);
scanf("%d", &x[i]);
}

int left = 0;
int right = n - 1;

while (left < right)

{
if (x[left] < 0)
{

int temp = x[left];

x[left] = x[right];
x[right] = temp;
right--;
}
else
{
left++;
}
}

printf("\nNew array is: ");

for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)

{
printf("\nElement %d: %d", i, x[i]);
}
printf("\n");
return 0;
}

Output
Experiment 4
a)

Code

// Problem Statement: Write a C Program for matrix multiplication for 3*3

matrix.

#include <stdio.h>

int main()
{
int m = 3;
int n = 3;

int A[m][n], B[m][n], C[m][n];

for (int i = 0; i < m; i++)

{
for (int j = 0; j < n; j++)
{
printf("\nEnter value of element (%d, %d) in Matrix A: ", i + 1, j +
1);
scanf("%d", &A[i][j]);
}
}

for (int i = 0; i < m; i++)

{
for (int j = 0; j < n; j++)
 {
printf("\nEnter value of element (%d, %d) in Matrix B: ", i + 1, j +
1);
scanf("%d", &B[i][j]);
}
}

for (int i = 0; i < m; i++)

{
for (int j = 0; j < n; j++)
{
C[i][j] = 0;
for (int k = 0; k < n; k++)
{
C[i][j] += A[i][k] * B[k][j];
}
}
}

printf("\nNew Matrix is: ");

for (int i = 0; i < m; i++)

{
printf("\n[");
for (int j = 0; j < n; j++)
{
printf(" %d ", C[i][j]);
}
printf("]");
}

printf("\n");
return 0;
}

Output
b)

Code

// Problem Statement: Write a C Program for counting positive,

negative, even, odd and zeros in an array.

#include <stdio.h>

int main()
{
int n;

printf("Enter number of elements: ");

scanf("%d", &n);

int x[n], positive, negative, even, odd, zero;

positive = negative = even = odd = zero = 0;

for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)

{
printf("\nEnter value of element %d: ", i);
 scanf("%d", &x[i]);
}

for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)

{
if (x[i] > 0)
{
positive++;
}
else if (x[i] < 0)
{
negative++;
}
else if (x[i] == 0)
{
zero++;
}

if (x[i] % 2 == 0)
{

even++;
}
else
{
odd++;
}
}

printf("\nThere are %d positive integers, %d negative integers, %d zeros, %d

even numbers and %d odd numbers.", positive, negative, zero, even, odd);
return 0;
}

Output

c)
Code

// Problem Statement: Write a C Program for generating the transpose of the

matrix.

#include <stdio.h>

int main()
{
int m;
int n;

printf("Enter number of rows: ");

scanf("%d", &m);

printf("Enter number of columns: ");

scanf("%d", &n);

int A[m][n], B[n][m];

for (int i = 0; i < m; i++)

{
for (int j = 0; j < n; j++)
{
printf("\nEnter value of element (%d, %d) in Matrix: ", i + 1, j + 1);
scanf("%d", &A[i][j]);
}
}

for (int i = 0; i < m; i++)

{
for (int j = 0; j < n; j++)
{
B[j][i] = A[i][j];
}
}

printf("\nNew Matrix is: ");

for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)

{
printf("\n[");
for (int j = 0; j < m; j++)
{
printf(" %d ", B[i][j]);
}
printf("]");
}
printf("\n");
return 0;
}
Output

d)

Code

// Problem Statement: C program to store temperature of two cities

of a week and display it

#include <stdio.h>

int main()
{
int m = 7;
int n = 2;

float A[m][n];

for (int i = 0; i < m; i++)

{
for (int j = 0; j < n; j++)
{
printf("Enter temperature of city %d on day %d of the week: ", j + 1, i
+ 1);
 scanf("%f", &A[i][j]);
}
}

for (int i = 0; i < m; i++)

{
for (int j = 0; j < n; j++)
{
printf("The temperature of city %d on day %d: %f \n", j + 1, i + 1,
A[i][j]);
}
}

printf("\n");
return 0;
}

Output

e)

Code

// Problem Statement: Write a C Program to store and Print 12 values entered by

the user using a three-dimensional array.

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int l = 3; // Side
int m = 2; // Row
int n = 2; // Column

int A[l][m][n];

for (int i = 0; i < l; i++)

{
for (int j = 0; j < m; j++)
{
for (int k = 0; k < n; k++)
{
printf("\nEnter value of element (%d, %d) in Matrix of side %d: ",
j + 1, k + 1, i + 1);
scanf("%d", &A[i][j][k]);
}
}
}

printf("\nThe values entered are: ");

for (int i = 0; i < l; i++)

{
printf("\nSide %d", i + 1);
for (int j = 0; j < m; j++)
{
printf("\n[");
for (int k = 0; k < n; k++)
{
printf(" %d ", A[i][j][k]);
}
printf("]");
}
}
printf("\n");
return 0;
}

Output
Experiment 5
a)
Code
// Problem Statement: Write a program in C to input a string and print reverse
string.

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

int main()
{
char x[255];

printf("Enter string: ");

fgets(x, sizeof(x), stdin);

printf("%s", strrev(x));
printf("\n");
return 0;
}

Option 1 B
// If the above code gives a function not declared error, it means
your compiler does not support strrev.
// Add the below code above the int main() function.

char *strrev(char *src)

{

int n = 0;
while (src[n] != '\0')
{
n++;
}

for (int i = 0, j = n - 1; i < j; i++, j--)

{
char temp = src[i];
src[i] = src[j];
src[j] = temp;
}

return src;
}

Option 2

// Problem Statement: Write a program in C to input a string and print reverse

string.

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>

int main()
{
char x[255];
char y[255];

printf("Enter string: ");

fgets(x, sizeof(x), stdin);

int i, j;
j = strlen(x) - 1;

for (i = 0; j >= 0; i++, j--)

{
y[i] = x[j];
}
printf("%s", y);
printf("\n");
return 0;
}
Output

b)
Code

// Problem Statement: Write a program in C to copy one string to another

string.

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>

int main()
{

char x[255], y[255];

printf("Enter string: ");

fgets(x, sizeof(x), stdin);

strcpy(y, x);

printf("%s", y);
printf("\n");
return 0;
}

Output

c)

Code
// Problem Statement: Write a C program to count digits, spaces, special
character, alphabets in string.

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <ctype.h>

int main()
{
char x[255];

printf("Enter string: ");

fgets(x, sizeof(x), stdin);

int numbers = 0, alphabets = 0, spaces = 0, specialcharacters = 0;

for (int i = 0; x[i] != '\0'; i++)

{
if (isdigit(x[i]))
{
numbers++;
}
else if (isalpha(x[i]))
{
alphabets++;
}
else if (isspace(x[i]))
{
spaces++;
}
else
{
specialcharacters++;
}
}

// Adjusting special character count for newline character

if (x[strlen(x) - 1] == '\n')
{
specialcharacters--;
}

printf("\nThere are %d integers, %d alphabets, %d spaces and %d special

characters.\n", numbers, alphabets, spaces, specialcharacters);
return 0;
}

Option 2
// Problem Statement: Write a C program to count digits, spaces, special
character, alphabets in string.

// This method does not use any standard function.

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>

int main()
{
char x[255];

printf("Enter string: ");

fgets(x, sizeof(x), stdin);

int numbers = 0, alphabets = 0, spaces = 0, specialcharacters = 0;

for (int i = 0; x[i] != '\0'; i++)

{
if (x[i] >= '0' && x[i] <= '9')
{
numbers++;
}
else if ((x[i] >= 'A' && x[i] <= 'Z') || (x[i] >= 'a' && x[i] <= 'z'))
{
alphabets++;
}
else if (x[i] == ' ')
{
spaces++;
}
else
{
specialcharacters++;
}
}

// Adjusting special character count for newline character

if (x[strlen(x) - 1] == '\n')
{
specialcharacters--;
}

printf("\nThere are %d integers, %d alphabets, %d spaces and %d special

characters.\n", numbers, alphabets, spaces, specialcharacters);
return 0;
}

Output
d)

Code

// Problem Statement: Write a C program to sort 5 strings entered by the user

in the lexicographical order (dictionary order).

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>

int main()
{
char x[5][255];

for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++)

{
printf("Enter string %d: ", i);
fgets(x[i], sizeof(x)[i], stdin);
int a = strlen(x[i]) - 1;

if (x[i][a] == '\n')
{
x[i][a] = '\0';
}
}
for (int i = 0; i < 5 - 1; i++)
{
for (int j = i + 1; j < 5; j++)
{
int comparison = strcmp(x[i], x[j]);
if (comparison > 0)
{
char temp[255];
strcpy(temp, x[i]);
strcpy(x[i], x[j]);
strcpy(x[j], temp);
}
}
}
printf("Sorted string is: \n");
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++)
{
printf("%s \n", x[i]);
}
return 0;
}
Output

e)

Code

// Problem Statement: Write a program to ask the user to enter a username, If

the username entered is one of the names in the master list then the user is
allowed to enter a number and calculate its factorial using C. Otherwise, display
error message. (Initialize master list of username using array).

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>

int main()
{
int size;
printf("Enter number of names in the database: ");
scanf("%d", &size);
getchar();

char x[size][255];

for (int i = 0; i < size; i++)

{
printf("Enter name %d: ", i + 1);
fgets(x[i], sizeof(x)[i], stdin);
int a = strlen(x[i]) - 1;

if (x[i][a] == '\n')
{
x[i][a] = '\0';
}
}
 char username[255];
int toggle = 0;

printf("Enter your username: ");

fgets(username, sizeof(username), stdin);

int b = strlen(username) - 1;

if (username[b] == '\n')
{
username[b] = '\0';
}

for (int i = 0; i < size; i++)

{
if (strcmp(username, x[i]) == 0)
{
toggle = 1;
break;
}
}

if (toggle)
{
int n, factorial = 1;
printf("Enter a number: ");
scanf("%d", &n);

for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++)

{
factorial = factorial * i;
}
printf("The factorial of given number is: %d.\n", factorial);
}
else
{
printf("This username does not exist. Access denied. \n");
}
return 0;
}

Output
Experiment 6
a)
Code

// Problem Statement: Write a C Program to declare the structure of the Book

with data member book name, book price and number of pages

#include <stdio.h>

struct Book
{
char book[50];
float price;
int pages;
};

int main()
{
struct Book book1;

printf("Enter book title: ");

fgets(book1.book, sizeof(book1.book), stdin);

printf("Enter book price: ");

scanf("%f", &book1.price);
 printf("Enter number of pages: ");
scanf("%d", &book1.pages);

printf("\nBook Information:\n");
printf("Title: %s", book1.book);
printf("Price: $%.2f\n", book1.price);
printf("Pages: %d\n", book1.pages);

return 0;
}

Output

b)
Code

// Problem Statement: Write a c program to calculate difference between two

time periods using Structure

#include <stdio.h>

struct Time
{
int hours;
int minutes;
int seconds;
};

int main()
{
struct Time startTime, endTime, difference;

printf("Enter start time (HH MM SS): ");

scanf("%d %d %d", &startTime.hours, &startTime.minutes, &startTime.seconds);

printf("Enter end time (HH MM SS): ");

 scanf("%d %d %d", &endTime.hours, &endTime.minutes, &endTime.seconds);
difference.seconds = endTime.seconds - startTime.seconds;
difference.minutes = endTime.minutes - startTime.minutes;
difference.hours = endTime.hours - startTime.hours;

if (difference.seconds < 0)
{
difference.seconds += 60;
difference.minutes--;
}

if (difference.minutes < 0)
{
difference.minutes += 60;
difference.hours--;
}

if (difference.hours < 0)
{
difference.hours += 24;
}
printf("Difference: %d:%d:%d\n", difference.hours, difference.minutes,
difference.seconds);

return 0;
}

Output

c)
Code

// Problem Statement: Write a program that compares two given dates. To store
data use a structure say date that contains three members namely date, month and
year. If the dates are equal, then display the message as Equal otherwise Unequal.

#include <stdio.h>

struct Date
{
int day;
 int month;
int year;
};

int main()
{
struct Date date1, date2;

printf("Enter first date (DD MM YYYY): ");

scanf("%d %d %d", &date1.day, &date1.month, &date1.year);

printf("Enter second date (DD MM YYYY): ");

scanf("%d %d %d", &date2.day, &date2.month, &date2.year);

if (date1.year == date2.year && date1.month == date2.month && date1.day ==

date2.day)
{
printf("Dates are equal.\n");
}
else
{
printf("Dates are not equal.\n");
}

return 0;
}
Output

d)
Code
// Problem Statement: Initialise and print the following union variables: 7,
and 7.0 using the following program that has a union and a member to track what's
in the union inside a structure.
#include <stdio.h>

struct MyStructure
{
char type;
union
{
int integerValue;
float floatValue;
} data;
};
int main()
{
struct MyStructure s1;

s1.type = 'i';
s1.data.integerValue = 7;
printf("Integer value: %d\n", s1.data.integerValue);

s1.type = 'f';
s1.data.floatValue = 7.0;
printf("Float value: %.2f\n", s1.data.floatValue);

return 0;
}
Output

Experiment 7
a)
Code
// Problem Statement: Create a structure named company which has name,
address, phone and noofemployee as member variables. Read name of 10 companies, its
address, phone and noOfEmployee. Finally display these members' value.

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>

struct company
{
char name[255];
char address[1024];
char phone[15];
int noOfEmployee;
};

int main()
{
int numCompanies = 10;
printf("Enter the number of companies: ");
scanf("%d", &numCompanies);
getchar();

struct company companies[numCompanies];

 for (int i = 0; i < numCompanies; ++i)
{
printf("Enter details for company %d\n", i + 1);
printf("Name: ");
fgets(companies[i].name, sizeof(companies[i].name), stdin);
companies[i].name[strlen(companies[i].name) - 1] = '\0';

printf("Address: ");
fgets(companies[i].address, sizeof(companies[i].address), stdin);
companies[i].address[strlen(companies[i].address) - 1] = '\0';

printf("Phone: ");
fgets(companies[i].phone, sizeof(companies[i].name), stdin);
companies[i].phone[strlen(companies[i].phone) - 1] = '\0';

printf("Number of Employees: ");

scanf("%d", &companies[i].noOfEmployee);
getchar();
}

printf("\nCompany Details:\n");
for (int i = 0; i < numCompanies; ++i)
{
printf("Company %d\n", i + 1);
printf(" | Name: %s", companies[i].name);
printf(" | Address: %s", companies[i].address);
printf(" | Phone: %s", companies[i].phone);
printf(" | Number of Employees: %d\n\n", companies[i].noOfEmployee);
}

return 0;
}
Output

b)
Code
// Problem Statement: Enter the marks of 5 students in Chemistry, Mathematics
and Physics (each out of 100) using a structure named Marks having elements rol
no., name, chem _marks, maths marks and phy_marks and then display the percentage
of each student.

#include <stdio.h>

struct Marks
{
int rollNo;
char name[255];
 int chemMarks;
int mathsMarks;
int phyMarks;
};

int main()
{
int numStudents;
printf("Enter the number of students: ");
scanf("%d", &numStudents);
getchar();

struct Marks students[numStudents];

for (int i = 0; i < numStudents; ++i)

{
printf("Enter details for student %d\n", i + 1);
printf("Roll No: ");
scanf("%d", &students[i].rollNo);
getchar();

printf("Name: ");
fgets(students[i].name, sizeof(students[i].name), stdin);
students[i].name[strlen(students[i].name) - 1] = '\0';

printf("Chemistry Marks: ");

scanf("%d", &students[i].chemMarks);
getchar();

printf("Mathematics Marks: ");

scanf("%d", &students[i].mathsMarks);
getchar();

printf("Physics Marks: ");

scanf("%d", &students[i].phyMarks);
getchar();
}
}
Output

c)
Code
// Problem Statement: Write a program to add two distances in inch-feet using
structure. The values of the distances is to be taken from the user. The distances
are entered in inch-feet. The sum of the distances is to be displayed in inch-feet.

#include <stdio.h>

struct Distance
{
int feet;
int inch;
};

int main()
{
int numDistancesInput = 2;
struct Distance distancesInput[numDistancesInput];
struct Distance distancesSum;

for (int i = 0; i < numDistancesInput; ++i)

{
printf("Enter distance %d\n", i + 1);
printf("Feet: ");
scanf("%d", &distancesInput[i].feet);
printf("Inch: ");
scanf("%d", &distancesInput[i].inch);
}

distancesSum.feet = 0;
 distancesSum.inch = 0;

for (int i = 0; i < numDistancesInput; ++i)

{
distancesSum.feet += distancesInput[i].feet;
distancesSum.inch += distancesInput[i].inch;
}

printf("Sum of distances: %d feet %d inch\n", distancesSum.feet,

distancesSum.inch);

return 0;
}
Output

Experiment 8
a)
// Problem Statement: Write a program in C to check whether two given strings
are an anagram.

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <ctype.h>

char *sortString(char *str)

{
int n = strlen(str);
for (int i = 0; i < n - 1; i++)
{
for (int j = i + 1; j < n; j++)
{
if (str[i] > str[j])
{
char temp = str[i];
str[i] = str[j];
str[j] = temp;
}
 }
}
return str;
}

char *toLowerCase(char *str)

{
for (int i = 0; str[i]; i++)
{
str[i] = tolower(str[i]);
}
return str;
}

int main()
{
char x[100], y[100];

printf("Enter the first string: ");

fgets(x, sizeof(x), stdin);
if (x[strlen(x) - 1] == '\n')
{
x[strlen(x) - 1] = '\0';
}

printf("Enter the second string: ");

fgets(y, sizeof(y), stdin);
if (y[strlen(y) - 1] == '\n')
{
y[strlen(y) - 1] = '\0';
}

if (strlen(x) != strlen(y))
{
printf("Both strings are not anagrams.\n");
return 0;
}

toLowerCase(x);
toLowerCase(y);

sortString(x);
sortString(y);

if (strcmp(x, y) == 0)
{
printf("Both strings are anagrams.\n");
}
else
{
printf("Both strings are not anagrams.\n");
 }

return 0;
}
Output

b)
Code
// Problem Statement: Write a program in C to check armstrong number between 1
to 500.

#include <stdio.h>
#include <math.h>

int main()
{
printf("List of armstrong numbers: ");
for (int i = 1; i <= 500; i++)
{
int sum = 0, n = i;
while (n > 0)
{
sum += pow((n % 10), 3);
n /= 10;
}
if (sum == i)
{
printf("%d \n", i);
}
}
printf("\n");
return 0;
}
Output

c)
Code

// 8.c: Write a program in C to check whether a number is a perfect number or not.

#include <stdio.h>
#include <math.h>

int main()
{
int n;
printf("Enter the number to be checked: ");
scanf("%d", &n);

int sum = 0;
for (int i = 1; i < n; i++)
{
if (n % i == 0)
sum += i;
}
if (sum == n)
{
printf("The entered number is a perfect number.");
}
else
{
printf("The entered number is not a perfect number. ");
}
return 0;
}

Output