Solution

CHEMISTRY PAPER

Class 11 - Chemistry

1.
(b) C12H22O11
Explanation:
C12H22O11
Consider the relation of molecular formula and empirical formula of a compound given by the expression ,
Molecular formula = ( Empirical formula )n
Where n Is a common positive integer .
Since ,there is no common integer to differentiate between empirical formula of Sucrose C6 H22 O11 hence,
Sucrose has the same empirical and molecular formula .

2.
(d) 5
Explanation:
Vapour density = 70
Molecular mass = 2 × 70 = 140
Formula is [CO]x
Therefore molecular mass = (12 +16)x =140
= x × 28 = 140
∴ x = 5

3. (a) 1

12
of the mass of C-12 atom
Explanation:
1

12
of the mass of C-12 atom

4.
(d) molality
Explanation:
N o. of moles of solute
Mathematically, molality is expressed as, M olality(m) =
Mass of solvent in kg

5.
(d) screening effect
Explanation:
The effective nuclear charge experienced by an electron depends upon the shell and the orbital in which the electron is present.
The electrons in the outer shell are shielded from the nucleus by the electrons in the inner shells.

6.
(d) 81
35
Br
Explanation:
P + N = 81
N = P + (0.317)P
Solving these two equations we get P = 35
The atomic number of Bromine is 35.
So the symbol is 81
35
Br

7.
(c) visible light

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 Explanation:
Electromagnetic radiation in this range of wavelengths is called visible light or simply light. A typical human eye will respond
to wavelengths from about 390 to 700 nm. In terms of frequency, this corresponds to a band in the vicinity of 430–770 THz.

8.
(c) their increasing energies
Explanation:
The Aufbau Principle states that in the ground state of an atom, an electron enters the orbital with the lowest energy first and
subsequent electrons are fed in the order of increasing energies. The word 'aufbau' in German means 'building up'. Here, it
refers to the filling up of orbitals with electrons.

9.
(c) Both Transition elements and f-block elements
Explanation:
Variable valency is exhibited by transition elements and f-block elements.

10.
(c) Group 1 (alkali metals) and Group 2 (alkaline earth metals)
Explanation:
s-block contains two groups of elements including alkali earth metal and alkaline earth metal.

11.
(b) The horizontal rows are called periods and the vertical columns, groups.
Explanation:
In the modern periodic table, the elements are arranged in the increasing order of their atomic number. It contains 7 horizontal
rows called periods and 18 vertical columns called groups.

12.
− −
(b) Al3+
< Mg
2+
< Na
+
< F
− 2
< O < N
3

Explanation:
In the case of cations,
i. there is a decrease in ionic radii of the resulting cation as compared to its neutral parent atom, due to loss of electron
/(s)
ii. greater the positive charge over the cation more would be a decrease in ionic size or radius.
In the case of anion,
i. the addition of each new electron (or negative charge) results in an increase in anionic radius.
ii. With an increase in negative charge over anion the anionic radius also becomes larger.
Thus, considering as above the correct answer is-
3+ 2+ + − 2− 3−
Al < Mg < Na < F <O < N

13.
(c) energy decreases
Explanation:
A chemical bond is a lasting attraction between atoms that enables the formation of chemical compounds. The bond may result
from the electrostatic force of attraction between atoms with opposite charges, or through the sharing of electrons as in the
covalent bonds. When a bond forms, electrons are attracted to the space between nuclei where the electrostatic force of
attraction is greater. As the electrons fall to a position of lower potential energy, the total mechanical energy of the molecular
system decreases. Part of the mechanical energy of the unbound atoms is lost when they form the molecular system with a
lower total mechanical energy.

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14.
(d) 2.5 and 1. 5
Explanation:
The electronic configuration of the O2+ ion containing 15 electrons can be written as: σ 1s2< σ *1s2< σ 2s2< σ *2s2< σ 2pz2 < (

π 2px2= π 2py2) < (π *2px1= π *2py) < σ *2pz

The bond order can be found as:
Nb − Na
B.O = 2

Nb= Number of electrons in the bonding orbitals = 10

Na = Number of electron in the anti-bonding orbitals = 5
10−5 5

B.O = 2
=
2 = 2.5
The electronic configuration of the O2- ion containing 17 electrons can be written as: σ 1s2< σ *1s2< σ 2s2< σ *2s2< σ 2pz2 < (

π 2px2 = π 2py2) < (π *2px2= π *2py1) < σ*2pz

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The bond order can be calculated as: B.O = 2
=
3

2
= 1.5

15.
(b) atomic orbitals must have comparable energies and of proper symmetry
Explanation:
According to molecular orbital theory (MOT), the atomic orbitals of comparable energies and proper symmetry combine to
form molecular orbitals.

16.
(d) resonance hybrid
Explanation:
resonance hybrid

17.
(b) pz orbitals
Explanation:
In such a condition only pz orbitals form σ -bond along the z-axis while px and py form π -bonds.

18.
(c) The boundaries prevent the flow of matter into or out of it.
Explanation:
In a closed system, there is no flow of matter from system to surrounding or vice versa. For example, a certain quantity of fluid
bounded within a closed cylinder constitutes a closed system.

19.
(c) independent of path.
Explanation:
State function is one which is only dependent on the initial and final state of the system and is independent of the path by which
that change has occurred.

20.
(d) q is positive if heat is transferred into the system and w is positive if work is done on the system.
Explanation:
The first law is simply the conservation of energy equation. q is positive if heat is added to the system, and negative if heat is
removed; w is positive if work is done on the system, and negative if work is done by the system.

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21. (a) Work
Explanation:
Work is not a state function because it is proportional to the distance an object is moved, which depends on the path used to go
from the initial to the final state.
22.
(b) Ka = 5.01 × 10-7, [A-] = 7.08 × 10-5 and pKa = 6.3001
Explanation:
pH = -log[H+]
4.15 = -log[H+]
[H+] = 7.08 × 10-5 = [A-]
Ka = [H+][A-][HA]

Ka = 5.01 × 10-7

pKa = - log [5.01 × 10-7] = 6.3001

23. (a) dynamic equilibrium

Explanation:
Ice and water kept in a perfectly insulated thermos flask at 273K and the atmospheric pressure are in an equilibrium state and
the system shows interesting characteristic features. The mass of ice and water do not change with time and the temperature
remains constant. However, the equilibrium is not static. The intense activity can be noticed at the boundary between ice and
water. Molecules from the liquid water collide against ice and adhere to it and some molecules of ice escape into the liquid
phase. There is no change of mass of ice and water, as the rates of transfer of molecules from ice into water and of reverse
transfer from water into the ice are equal at atmosphere pressure and 273K.
1

Ksp
24. (a) (
7
)
6912

Explanation:
[Zr4+] = 3S and [PO 3−

4
] = 4S
and Ksp = (3S)3(4S)4 = 6912(S)7
1

7 1
Ksp Ksp
or S = { 3 4
} =( 6912
) 7

(3 × 4 )

25.
(c) Buffer solutions
Explanation:
The solutions which resist change in pH on dilution or with the addition of small amounts of acid or alkali are called Buffer
Solutions. Buffer solutions of known pH can be prepared from the knowledge of pKa of the acid or pK b of base and by
controlling the ratio of the salt and acid or salt and base. A mixture of acetic acid and sodium acetate acts as a buffer solution
around pH 4.75 and a mixture of ammonium chloride and ammonium hydroxide acts as a buffer around pH 9.25.

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