IoT Protocols

Dr. Sumalatha Aradhya, Dept. of CSE, SIT,

Friday, January 10, 2020 1
Tumakuru
 So Far what we discussed on Link Layer Protocols,
Ethernet Wifi WiMax LR-WPAN LTE

About • Collection of wired - Collection of Collection of •Collection of -Different

Ethernet standard wireless LAN wireless standard low rate generations of
• Standard for (WLAN) broadband wireless personal mobile
10BASEE5 Ethernet standards area networks (LR- communication
WPANS) standards
•Forms the basis for
high level
communication
protocols -> zigbee
Variants •802.3.i 10BASE-T •802.11a (5Hz) 2G:
copper twisted pair •802.11b(2.4 GHz) GSM/CDMA
•802.3.j 10BASE-F fibre •802.11g(2.4) 3G:UMTS
Optic •802.11n (2.4/5 4G:LTE
•802.3.ae:10GB/Ethernet GHz)
over fibre •802.11ac(5 GHz)
•802.11ad
(60GHz)

Data Rate 10Mb/s to 40Gb/s 1Mb/s to 6.75 Gb/s 1.5 Mb/s to 1 40Kb/s to 250 Kb/s 2G: 9.6Kb/s
Gb/s Upto 4G:100
Dr. Sumalatha Aradhya, Dept. of CSE, SIT, Mb/s
Friday, January 10, 2020 2
Tumakuru
 So Far what we discussed on Network Layer Protocols,

IPV4 IPV6 6LoWPAN

About - Internet Protocol Version 4 -Successor to IPV4 - IPv6 over Low Power
-Uses hierarchical addressing - Uses 128 bit address Wireless Personal Area
scheme to identify devices on n/w scheme Networks
--32-bit addressing scheme => 2128 Operates at 2.4 GHz
=> 232 => 3.4 * 1038 addresses frequency range
=>4,294,967,296 address Date Rate:
250 Kb/s

Standard RFC 791 RFC 2460 802.15.4 based network

standards

Dr. Sumalatha Aradhya, Dept. of CSE, SIT,

Friday, January 10, 2020 3
Tumakuru
 So Far we discussed,
IPV4
Network/Internet 6LoWPAN
Layer IPV6

802.15.4 LR-
802.3 Ethernet
WPAN
Link Layer 802.11 Wifi 2G/3G/4G LTE
cellular
802.16 Wimax

Dr. Sumalatha Aradhya, Dept. of CSE, SIT,

Friday, January 10, 2020 4
Tumakuru
 Let’s focus on Tranport Layer

TCP UDP
Transport Layer

IPV4
6LoWPAN
Network/Internet IPV6
Layer

802.3 Ethernet 802.15.4 LR-WPAN

802.11 Wifi 2G/3G/4G LTE

Link Layer
cellular
802.16 Wimax
Dr. Sumalatha Aradhya, Dept. of CSE, SIT,
Friday, January 10, 2020 5
Tumakuru
 About Transport Layer and its functionalities

- Provides an end to end message transfer capability independent of underlying n/w

Message transfer capability Is Set up on connections

Uses hand shaking method TCP

Without hand shaking UDP

Functionalities: •Error control

•segmentation

•Flow control
Dr. Sumalatha Aradhya, Dept. of CSE, SIT,
Friday, January 10, 2020 6
•Congestion control
Tumakuru
 TCP
Transmission Control Protocol – connection oriented and stateful protocol

Used by web browsers (HTTP), email programs(SMTP) and file transfers(FTP)

TCP ensures order

=> Reliable transmission of packets in order
pk1,pk2,pk3
=> Detects error But, How ??

IP packets => Checks for duplicate packets

If found => discard

-> what happens to discarded packets?

- Of course, re transmitted
Standard: RFC 793
Dr. Sumalatha Aradhya, Dept. of CSE, SIT,
Friday, January 10, 2020 7
Tumakuru
 TCP continued..
TCP has flow control capability Say, for example

-Ensures that sender sends

data not too high for the
receiver to process

Dr. Sumalatha Aradhya, Dept. of CSE, SIT,

Friday, January 10, 2020 8
Tumakuru
 TCP continued..
TCP has congestion control capability Say, for example

-Helps in avoiding network congestion and congestion collapse

If so, => Performance degradation
Dr. Sumalatha Aradhya, Dept. of CSE, SIT,
Friday, January 10, 2020 9
Tumakuru
 About UDP Protocol

Connectionless protocol Transaction oriented and stateless protocol

Useful for Time sensitive applications

Small data to exchange

No overhead of connection set up

Characteristics:
No guaranteed delivery

Standard => RFC 768

Dr. Sumalatha Aradhya, Dept. of CSE, SIT,

Friday, January 10, 2020 10
Tumakuru
 APPLICATION LAYER

TCP UDP
Transport Layer

IPV4
6LoWPAN
Network/Internet IPV6
Layer

802.3 Ethernet 802.15.4 LR-WPAN

802.11 Wifi 2G/3G/4G LTE

Link Layer
cellular
802.16 Wimax
Dr. Sumalatha Aradhya, Dept. of CSE, SIT,
Friday, January 10, 2020 11
Tumakuru
Defines how the applications interface with lower layer protocols Why?
To send data over n/w

APPLICATION LAYER

HTTP COAP Web Socket

MQTT XMPP DDS

AMQP

Where do you find application data? How the applications are addressed?
@Files.
Port Numbers
Encoded Encapsulated
In application layer Applications =>
In transport
Dr. Sumalathalayer
Aradhya, Dept. of CSE, SIT,
Friday, January 10, 2020
Tumakuru
process to process communication over
12 n/w
 HTTP
• Forms the foundations for WWW
• Includes commands
-> GET, PUT, POST, DELETE,HEAD, TRACE, OPTIONS etc.
• Follows request-response model using http commands
• Stateless protocol
• Each HTTP request is independent of other request
• Can be a browser or an application running on a client
• Uses URIs to identify HTTP resources
• Standard: RFC 2616

Dr. Sumalatha Aradhya, Dept. of CSE, SIT,

Friday, January 10, 2020 13
Tumakuru
 COAP
• Constrained Application Protocol
• Used for machine to machine (M2M) applications
• M2M => constrained environments, constrained
devices and constrained networks
• Web transfer protocol
• Uses request-response model, runs over UDP not on
TCP
• Uses client server architecture using connectionless
datagrams
• Supports commands such as GET, PUT, POST, DELETE
• Standard: IEFT Constrained Environments(CoRE)

Dr. Sumalatha Aradhya, Dept. of CSE, SIT,

Friday, January 10, 2020 14
Tumakuru
 Web Socket
• Full duplex communication over a single socket
connection
• Based on TCP
• Allows streams of packets sent back and forth in
between client and server through TCP
connection
• Client can be a browser, a mobile application or
an IoT device
• Standard: RFC 6455

Dr. Sumalatha Aradhya, Dept. of CSE, SIT,

Friday, January 10, 2020 15
Tumakuru
 MQTT
• Message Queue Telemetry Transport
• Light weight messaging protocol
• Uses publish-subscribe model
• Uses client-server architecture
Client : IoT device Server: MQTT Broker
• Client Publishes messages to topics on the server
• Server forwards the messages to the clients subscribed to topics
• Well suited for constrained environments
• => limited processing
• => limited memory resources
• => low network bandwidth
• Specification: Available on IBM developer works

Dr. Sumalatha Aradhya, Dept. of CSE, SIT,

Friday, January 10, 2020 16
Tumakuru
 XMPP
• Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol
• Used for real time communication and streaming XML data between n/w entities
• Has huge range of applications
– => messaging
– =>presence
– => data syndication
– => gaming
– => multi party chat
– => video/voice calls
• Allows sending small chunks of data from one to another in near real time
• Decentralized protocol
• Uses Client – Server Architecture
• Supports
• Client to client
• Server to server

• IOT => real time communication b/w IoT devices

• Standard : RFC 6120
Dr. Sumalatha Aradhya, Dept. of CSE, SIT,
Friday, January 10, 2020 17
Tumakuru
 DDS
• Data Distributed Service
• Data Centric Middle ware standard for D2D(Device to
Device) and M2M communication
• Uses Publish and subscribe model
 Publishers → create topics
-> responsible for data distribution
=>Subscribers -> subscribes to the topic
-> responsible for receiving published data
• DDS QoS(Quality of Service) control and configurable
published data.

• DDS is described in Object Management Group (OMG)

Dr. Sumalatha Aradhya, Dept. of CSE, SIT,
Friday, January 10, 2020 18
Tumakuru
 AMQP
• Advanced Message Queuing Protocol
• Open Application layer protocol
• Supports P2P (point-to-point) + Publish and subscribe model
• Supports routing and queuing
• AMQP broker receives message from publishers and then
route them to consumers
• Publishers publish the messages to exchanges -> which then
distribute message copies to queues
• Messages are either delivered by broker to
consumer(subscribed to the queues)
or
by the consumersDr.(pull the messages from queue)
Sumalatha Aradhya, Dept. of CSE, SIT,
Friday, January 10, 2020 19
Tumakuru
Specification: available on AMQP working group website
 Extra: Few Case Studies:

Dr. Sumalatha Aradhya, Dept. of CSE, SIT,

Friday, January 10, 2020 20
Tumakuru
 Extra: Few Case Studies:

Dr. Sumalatha Aradhya, Dept. of CSE, SIT,

Friday, January 10, 2020 21
Tumakuru
 Dr. Sumalatha Aradhya, Dept. of CSE, SIT,
Friday, January 10, 2020 22
Tumakuru
 Extra: Case Studies

Dr. Sumalatha Aradhya, Dept. of CSE, SIT,

Friday, January 10, 2020 23
Tumakuru
 Extra – case studies

Dr. Sumalatha Aradhya, Dept. of CSE, SIT,

Friday, January 10, 2020 24
Tumakuru