Group 1
Introduction
Eudemonia, literally " good spirited," is a term coined by renowned Greek
Philosopher Aristotle (385-323 BC ) to describe the pinnacle of happiness that is
attainable by humans. This has often been translated into "human flourishing" in
literature, arguably likening human to flower achieving their full bloom.
As discussed in the Nicomachean ethics, Aristotle's human flourishing arises as a
result of different component such as 'a result of different component such as
phronesis, friendship, wealth, and power.
People found means to live more comfortably, explore more places, develop more
product and make more money, and then repeating the process in full circle.
Interestingly, there exist a discrepancy between eastern and western concept
regarding society and human flourishing.
Western Civilization focused on individual . East are more community-centric.
Chinese Confucian system or the Japanese bushido, both of which view the whole
as greater than their component.
Greek Aristotelian view, on the other hand, aim for eudaimonia as the ultimate
good; there is no indication whatsoever that Aristotle entailed it instrumental to
achieve some other goal.
Science, technology, and human flourishing
One of the most prevalent themes is human's perpetual need to locate himself in the world by finding
proofs to trace evolution. Human flourishing is deeply intertwined with goal setting relevant to
science and technology. Human flourishing is the ability to live a good life. Rooted in Aristotelian
ethics, it values health intrinsically and applies universally to all human lives. Technology is a human
activity that we excel in as a result of achieving science. Suffice to say that the end goals of both
science and technology and human flourishing are related, in that the good is inherently related to
the truth.
Science as method and result
Science's reputation stems from the objectivity brought upon by an
arbitrary, rigid methodology whose very character absolves it from
any accusation of prejudice. Such infamy effectively raised science
in a pedestal untouchable by other institutions-its sole claim to
reason and empiricism-garnering supporters who want to defend it
and its ways. The following are the general idea of how to do
science:
1.Observe and determine if there are unexplained occurrences
unfolding.
2. Determine the problem and identify factors involved.
3. Through past knowledge of similar instance, formulate
hypothesis that could explain the said phenomenon. Ideally, the
goal is to reject the null hypothesis and accept the alternative
hypothesis for the study "to count as significant" (can also be
separated into additional steps such as "to generate prediction" or
"to infer from past experiments").
4. Conduct experiment by setting up dependent and independent
variables, and trying to see how independent ones affect
dependent ones.
5.Gather and analyze results throughout and upon culmination of
the experiment. Examine if the data gathered are significant
enough to conclude results.
6. Formulate conclusion and provide recommendation in case
others would want to broaden the study.
The above routine is basic methodology when introducing them to
experimentation and empiricism- two distinct features that give
science edge over other schools of thought. Throughout the course
of history, however, there exists heavy objections on the scientific
procedure; the line separating science and the so-called
pseudoscience becomes more muddled.
Verification theory
The criterion that distinguished philosophy and science is verification theory. The idea proposes that a discipline is
science if it can be confirmed or interpreted in the event of an alternative hypothesis being accepted. In regard, said
theory gives premium to empiricism and only takes into account those result which are measurable and her
because, she thought, why any would anyone do something like that for a person he does not like?
Ian is just generally happy to meet people he knows.
Lea since they were in first year and regard her as generally okay person.
It is no surprise then that upon learning that Ian basically does this everyone, Lea was crushed she vowed
to herself that she would never assume again.
Falsification theory
Propose by Karl Popper
Assert that as long as an ideology is not proven to be false and can best
explain a phenomenon over alternative theories.
It is a way of demarcating science from non-science. It suggest that for a
theory to be considered scientific it must be able to be tested and
conceivably proven false.
It does not promote ultimate adaption of one theory but instead
encourages research in order to determine which among the theories can
stand the test of falsification.
Karl Popper was notorious stating that up-and-coming theories of the time,
such as Marxs theory of Social History and Sigmund Freuds
psychoanalysis, are not testable and thus not falsifiable, subsequently
questioning their status as scientific .
Science as a social endeavor
Due to inconclusiveness of the methodologist previously
cited, a new school of thought on the proper
demarcation criterion of science emerge.
Philosophers such as Paul Thagard, Imre Lakatos, Helen
Longino, David Bloor and Richard Rorty, they presented
an alternative demarcation that explores the social
dimension of science and effectively, technology.
Some places in South America where many of the tribe
remain uncontacted, they do not regard western
science as their science.
Science is a social endeavor because it involves group
of scientist working together. These scientist also
correct or verify each other, such as through peer
review or replication attempts.
Science and result
People who do not understand science are won over when the
discipline Is able to produce result-religion, luck and human
randomness are some of it contemporaries in the field
For some communities without access to science, they can turn to
divination and superstation and still get the same results.
Science is not entirely foolproof. Such that it is correct 100% of the
time. Science does not monopolize the claim for definite result.
Science as education
Aforementioned discussion note that there is no such things as a
singular scientific can experiment with to get result and call them
science. Discovered in physically in quantum mechanics, appeared
to have debunked the idea of objective in reality, subscribing
instead to alternative idea called intersubjectivity.
In the Philippines, a large distribution of science high school can be
found all over the country, forging competition for aspiring student
to secure a slot and undergo rigorous science and mathematics
training based on specialized curricula.
This preference is also reflected on the amount of STEM (science,
technology, engineering, mathematics)-offering school
accommodating grade 11 and 12. Among all clusters being offered,
STEM trumps the remaining clusters in term of popularity and
distribution, with Accounting Business coming in a close
second.one might infer that there are more demand in this field as
student are preconditioned that the field would latter land them
high-paying jobs and a lucrative career after graduation.
Aristotle's eudaimonia person is required to be knowledgeable about science, among other things
of equal importance.
A true eudaimon recognizes that flourishing requires one to excel in various dimension, such as
linguistic, kinetic, artistic, and socio-civic.
