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Class 11 Straight Lines Notes PDF

The document provides comprehensive notes on straight lines in coordinate geometry, detailing key concepts such as slope, general equations, and distance from a line. It includes important formulas with multiple examples for better understanding. Additionally, it covers the calculation of angles between two lines.

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4K views2 pages

Class 11 Straight Lines Notes PDF

The document provides comprehensive notes on straight lines in coordinate geometry, detailing key concepts such as slope, general equations, and distance from a line. It includes important formulas with multiple examples for better understanding. Additionally, it covers the calculation of angles between two lines.

Uploaded by

kenpachizanpaktu
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Class 11 Mathematics: Straight Lines (Comprehensive Notes)

Introduction
A straight line in coordinate geometry is defined using various equations based on conditions
such as slope, intercepts, and points on the line. Understanding these equations helps solve
problems
related to distances, angles, and line properties.

Important Formulas with Multiple Examples

1. Slope of a Line (m)


Formula: m = (y2 - y1) / (x2 - x1)
Example 1: Find the slope of the line passing through (2, 3) and (6, 7).
Solution: m = (7 - 3) / (6 - 2) = 4/4 = 1.

Example 2: Find the slope of the line passing through (-1, 4) and (3, -2).
Solution: m = (-2 - 4) / (3 - (-1)) = -6 / 4 = -1.5.

2. General Equation of a Line


Formula: Ax + By + C = 0
Example 1: Convert y = 2x - 5 into general form.
Solution: Rewrite as 2x - y - 5 = 0.

Example 2: Convert x - 4y + 7 = 0 into slope-intercept form.


Solution: y = (1/4)x + 7/4.

3. Slope-Intercept Form
Formula: y = mx + c
Example 1: A line has a slope of -3 and passes through (0, 5). Find its equation.
Solution: y = -3x + 5.

Example 2: A line has a slope of 1/2 and y-intercept of -2. Find its equation.
Solution: y = (1/2)x - 2.

4. Two-Point Form
Formula: (y - y1) = [(y2 - y1) / (x2 - x1)] * (x - x1)
Example 1: Find the equation of the line passing through (1,2) and (3,6).
Solution: y - 2 = [(6-2)/(3-1)] * (x - 1) -> y = 2x.

Example 2: Find the equation of the line passing through (-2,-3) and (4,5).
Solution: y + 3 = [(5+3)/(4+2)] * (x + 2) -> y = (4/3)x - 1.

5. Distance of a Point from a Line


Formula: d = |Ax0 + By0 + C| / sqrt(A^2 + B^2)
Example 1: Find the distance of (3,4) from the line 4x - 3y + 5 = 0.
Solution: d = |4(3) - 3(4) + 5| / sqrt(4^2 + (-3)^2) = 2/sqrt(25) = 0.4.

Example 2: Find the distance of (-1,2) from the line 2x + y - 6 = 0.


Solution: d = |2(-1) + 2 - 6| / sqrt(2^2 + 1^2) = 5/sqrt(5) = sqrt(5).

6. Angle Between Two Lines


Formula: tan(theta) = |(m2 - m1) / (1 + m1*m2)|
Example 1: Find the angle between the lines y = x + 2 and y = -2x + 3.
Solution: tan(theta) = |(-2 - 1) / (1 + (-2)(1))| = 3/1 = 3.

Example 2: Find the angle between the lines 2x - y = 4 and x + 3y = 6.


Solution: Slopes are m1 = 2, m2 = -1/3, so tan(theta) = |(2 + 1/3) / (1 - 2*(-1/3))| = 7/5.

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