Written Report
DISCUSS BASIC CONCEPT OF AC MOTOR
AND GENERATOR
Reporters:
ACEBRON, ANAZEL C.
GIRAY, RHEALYN A.
JEPOLLO, JACQUELINE B.
BTVTED ET - 2A
Submitted to:
Inst. JOEL U. SUA
Instructor
BASIC CONCEPT IN AC MOTORS AND GENERATORS
At their core, AC motors and generators are devices that use the principles of
electromagnetism to convert energy between electrical and mechanical forms.
- AC Motors: Take electrical energy (alternating current) and transform it into
mechanical energy (rotation). Think of it like turning electricity into movement.
- AC Generators: Do the opposite, converting mechanical energy (rotation) into
electrical energy (alternating current). Think of it like turning motion into electricity.
Classify type of motors: Here are some common type of motors,
DC Motors (Direct Current):
- Brushed DC Motors: These motors use brushes and a commutator to provide a
continuous flow of current to the armature, creating rotation. They are simple,
inexpensive, and widely used in applications like toys, tools, and appliances.
- Brushless DC Motors: These motors use electronic commutation instead of brushes,
making them more efficient, reliable, and long-lasting. They are used in applications like
drones, electric vehicles, and high-performance robotics.
AC Motors (Alternating Current):
- Induction Motors: These motors use a rotating magnetic field to induce current in the
rotor, causing it to rotate. They are robust, reliable, and widely used in industrial
applications like pumps, fans, and compressors.
- Synchronous Motors: These motors rotate at a speed synchronized with the
frequency of the AC power supply. They are used in applications requiring precise
speed control, like clocks and timing devices.
- Stepper Motors: These motors rotate in discrete steps, making them suitable for
precise positioning and control. They are used in applications like 3D printers, robotics,
and automated machinery.
Counter electromotive force (CEMF)
Counter electromotive force (CEMF), also known as back EMF, is a fundamental
concept in the operation of electric motors and generators. It's a voltage that is induced
in the windings of a motor or generator when it is rotating. This induced voltage opposes
the applied voltage, acting as a "back pressure" against the flow of current.
CEMF is based on Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction, which states that a
changing magnetic field induces a voltage in a conductor. In a motor or generator, the
rotating armature (rotor) cuts through the magnetic field created by the stator windings.
This cutting action induces a voltage in the armature windings, which is the CEMF.
The Advantages and Disadvantages of the Various Types of DC motors
The reversing procedure of AC motor
1.Reversing a Single Phase AC motor
- Single phase motors typically use a starting winding and a running winding. The
direction of rotation is determined by the starting winding connection.
Methods to reverse Single Phase motor:
•Shaded pole motor
•Universal motor
• Capacitor start and Split phase motor
2. Reversing a Three Phase Motor
- Three phase motors are easier to reverse. Their direction depends on the sequence of
the three phase supply.
Method to Reverse Three Phase Motor:
•Swap any two of the three phase supply wires
•This changes the phase sequence, which reverses the rotation.
Reason for compensating endings and interpoles
Compensating Windings
- These are placed in slots on the pole faces of a DC machine and are connected in
series with the armature winding.
Reasons for Compensating Windings:
•Neutralize Armature Reaction
•Prevent flux weakening
•Improve Commutation
Interpoles(commutating poles)
-Are small auxiliary poles placed between the main poles of a DC machine.
Reasons for Interpoles:
•Assist in commutation
•Reduce sparking at Brushes
•Improve performance under load
