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Class02

The document covers the fundamentals of computer programming, including the importance of algorithms and problem-solving techniques. It explains the physical components of a computer, the nature of programming languages, and the role of compilers and interpreters. Additionally, it discusses the use of Linux with the C programming language and provides a simple example of a C program.

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12 views19 pages

Class02

The document covers the fundamentals of computer programming, including the importance of algorithms and problem-solving techniques. It explains the physical components of a computer, the nature of programming languages, and the role of compilers and interpreters. Additionally, it discusses the use of Linux with the C programming language and provides a simple example of a C program.

Uploaded by

sanjaysr292617
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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RECALL FROM LAST CLASS

• Course plan
• The necessity of learning Computer Programming
• Computer is a Machine to solve problems
• Defined a problem
• Steps to solve a problem
• Different types of problem
HOW TO SELECT THE BEST
DESIGN/ALGORITHM?

• What does “the best algorithm” mean?


• Measures of efficiency
• With reference to space & Time
• Which takes minimum time/minimum memory
PROBLEM SOLVING USING
COMPUTER AND THE BASIC
COMPONENTS OF COMPUTER
COMPUTER –PHYSICAL COMPONENTS
• Central Processing Unit (CPU)
• Monitor
• Keyboard/Mouse
• What all are there in CPU?
• Processor (m/c)
• Arithmetic/Logic Unit
• Memory unit
PHYSICAL COMPONENTS OF A COMPUTER
PHYSICAL COMPONENTS:
PROCESSOR & ALU
MEMORY: RAM & ROM
IS COMPUTER INTELLIGENT THAN US?
• Does computer can do anything?
• Is there any problem which can not be solved by a
computer?
• Computer is a dumb machine which does what we
instruct it to do.
• It does not do anything other than what we instruct it to
do
• Suppose we want to solve a problem, how do we
tell/instruct the computer ?
HOW DO WE INSTRUCT THE COMPUTER?

• We write set of instructions(program/code) in a


programming language like C
• What is a programming language?
• It is a large set of instructions written by somebody
else
• Eg: C is a large set of instructions written/developed
by Dennis Ritchie at AT&T Bell Laboratories in the
early 1970s
COMPUTER - A DUMB MACHINE
• A machine can understand only switch off and switch on
states
• Similarly computer also knows only
– 0 (switch-off)
– 1 (switch-on)
– ie. binary (two) language
• Earlier times, there were only machine level languages
– ie. collection of 0’s and 1’s
• Programmers have to write their program in a binary
language
• Disadvantages : - Very tedious to write & error prone.
– So, how to make it easy?
ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE
• Another language which uses symbolic names instead of
binary numbers
• Who converts the assembly language to machine level
language?
• Assembler is a program (set of instructions) which
converts assembly language to machine level language
– eg: 8085/8086/MASM
• Disadvantages of assembly language: The instructions in
assembly language differs from machine to machine.
– Hence, the assembly language is not portable.
• How to make it better?
HIGHER LEVEL LANGUAGE

• Language which are not machine dependent


• Advantages: Easy for the programmer, portability
– Examples of higher level languages:
• FORTRAN, C, C++, JAVA, Python, R, Go, etc.
• Who converts higher level language to the form
which computer can understand?
• Compiler : A program which does this conversion
• Interpreter : Line by line conversion
COMPILERS vs INTERPRETERS
Compiler Interpreter

Converts the whole program Converts line by line


Faster Slower
Debugging difficult than interpreter Debugging easy

Eg.: Fortran, C, C++ Eg.: BASIC, Python


OPERATING SYSTEM(OS)

• Another Program
• Controls the entire operation of a computer system
• What are the operations/activities done on a computer?
– Movies/ Music/ Games/ Programming in C
• Examples of Operating systems
• Windows
• Unix/Linux
• Mac OS
• We use Linux with C
WHY DO WE USE LINUX WITH C?

• Linux is a type of Unix OS


• Unix was written primarily in C language
• Very few assumptions on the machine
• It is easy to use Unix or its variants such as Redhat/
Fedora/ SuSe/ Ubuntu in any machine
• Linux & C are portable, good companions
HOW DO WE SOLVE A PROBLEM USING
COMPUTER?
• Problem:
– Print the sentence “C is a nice programming language.”
• Only one step:
– Print the sentence
• What all we have to do?
• Write the step in C Language (Edit it )
• Convert it into a form which the machine can understand
(Compile)
• Obtain the output (Execute)
C PROGRAM TO PRINT
“C IS A NICE PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE.”

#include <stdio.h>
main()
{
printf(“C is a nice programming language”);
}

stdio.h is a standard library file written by the developers


of C language which helps in printing the statement
Thank You

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