Chapter 11 -m5 -By Rkd (1)

URBAN PLANNING
CHAPTER 11 8TH Semester Course: 15 ARC 8.7

Faculty: Radha Krishna Dhawad
MODULE 5
School Of Architecture | DSATM | Spring 2021/ Even Semester

15ARC 8.7-URBAN PLANNING
MODULE 5
CHAPTER 11
 PLANNING PROCESSES AND TOOLS
1. URBAN REDEVELOPMENT: RENEWAL, REHABILITATION,

CONSERVATION;
2. Scales of Planning: Masterplan/Comprehensive Development Plan,
Area Plan, Regional Plan, Perspective Plan, URDPFI Guidelines;
3. Steps of urban planning.
School Of Architecture |DSATM |Faculty: RKD 15 A RC 8.7- Urban Planning | Spring 2021/ Even Semester
CHAPTER 11
MODULE 5
11.PLANNING PROCESSES AND TOOLS
1. URBAN REDEVELOPMENT:
a. Renewal
b. Rehabilitation
c. Conservation
11. PLANNING PROCESSES AND TOOLS: - URBAN REDEVELOPMENT CHAPTER 11
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Urban redevelopment is conceptually similar to LAND READJUSTMENT, with the exception
that it happens in existing urban areas and often involves a rezoning by the government of a
given area from a low-density (single-family housing) to higher-density (mixed-use or
commercial) development. It is also accompanied by a provision of infrastructure
improvements (mass transit, such as metro lines) that can support such up-zoning.
As part of this process, a government assembles the individual private properties and
undertakes a new higher development plan and delivers the necessary infrastructure. At the
end, the government returns to each landowner a share of the overall new development that
is equivalent to their original land or property ownership. It retains a share of the
development that it then sells to recover the cost of the infrastructure improvement.
https://www.archdaily.com/248982/urban-redevelopment-
project-at-tainan-main-station-area-maxthreads
A Hypothetical scenario using the urban development scheme

in Japan
CHAPTER 11
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1. URBAN REDEVELOPMENT:
a. Renewal
b. Rehabilitation
c. Conservation
11. PLANNING PROCESSES AND TOOLS :URBAN REDEVELOPMENT: RENEWAL CHAPTER 11
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Urban renewal,
comprehensive scheme to redress a
complex of urban problems,
including unsanitary, deficient, or
obsolete housing; inadequate
transportation, sanitation, and other
services and facilities; haphazard
land use; traffic congestion; and the
sociological correlates of urban
decay, such as crime.
https://www.strongtowns.org/journal/2016/4/29/the-full-
force-of-urban-renewal
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Urban renewal is a program of land redevelopment often used to address
urban decay in cities. plagued
Urban renewal is the clearing out of blighted areas in inner cities to clear out
slums and create opportunities for higher class housing, businesses, and more.
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Urban Renewal refers to a set of plans and activities to upgrade neighborhoods and suburbs that are in state of distress or
decay.
Urban renewal programs address the physical aspects of urban decay.
Urban problems such as deteriorating housing, poor physical infrastructure (including water and sanitation services), and
poor community services such as sports and recreational amenities are addressed through such programs.
Urban renewal was considered as an alternative to the unpopular policy of “slum clearance” involving demolishing
decaying housing and slum areas and relocating the people living there to other parts of a city.
A primary purpose of urban renewal is to restore economic viability to a given area by attracting external private and public
investment and by encouraging business start-ups and survival.
The concept of urban renewal as a method for social reform emerged in England as a reaction to the increasingly cramped
and unsanitary conditions of the urban poor in the rapidly industrializing cities of the 19th century.
The agenda that emerged was a progressive doctrine that assumed better housing conditions would reform its residents
morally and economically.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EWDKAitUWLg
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mWGwsA1V2r4
https://www.theurbandeveloper.com/articles/13-multi-billion-
dollar-urban-renewal-projects https://www.archdaily.com/tag/urban-renewal
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Why URBAN RENEWAL?
Triggers:
1. Effective functioning of
Administrative towns
2. To accommodate an
event of magnitude
3. Necessity due to natural
/man-made calamity
4. Obsolescence of land
uses
5. Market driven change
of land use
6. To conserve historic
monuments/
environment.
7. Lack of modern facilities
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Where URBAN RENEWAL is required?
1.Dilapidating, ageing parts of the city
2.built form -old area of the city, congested area
3.In terms of infrastructure
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Urban Renewal programs are generally undertaken by public authorities or by local governments.
• The emphasis is on those parts which have fallen below current standards of public acceptability.
These are commonly to be found in:
1. The residential parts of the INNER CITY

2. The central business district itself.
• Indicators for residential parts of inner cities are:

– inadequate housing, BASIC CONCEPT
– environmental degradation,
– presence of non-conforming uses.
• Indicators for central business district are:

– traffic problems,
– congestion,
– dilapidated buildings.
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DIMENSIONS OF URBAN RENEWAL
•Physical renewal leads to

improvement of urban fabric;
•Social renewal leads to improvement

of community and housing;
•Cultural renewal promotes

enhancement of culture and traditions;
•Economic renewal leads to new

generation of employment and
revenue; and
•Environmental renewal leads to

minimizing ecological imbalances in
urban environment
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DIMENSIONS OF URBAN RENEWAL
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Slum Clearance POLICIES/ APPROACHES
REDEVELOPMENT
REHABILITATION
Housing Improvement
CONSERVATION
Environmental Improvements
Economic Renewal
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URBAN RENEWAL PROJECTS
Following Projects fall under Urban Renewal:
– Redevelopment projects
– Economic development strategies
– Housing loans and other financial tools
– Streetscape improvements
– Transportation enhancement
– Historic preservation projects
– Parks and open spaces
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URBAN RENEWAL TYPOLOGIES
1. Urban Centers Why to focus on these typologies
2. Informal Settlements
3. Exclusion Areas Benefits

• Drives urban productivity
• Creates employment opportunities
• Attracts increased investments
• Enhance housing affordability
• Capitalize on existing infrastructure
• Increases tourism revenue
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INDIAN CONTEXT
• Indian cities have a history that dates back to centuries
• In the last century cities faced a major unprecedented force of urbanization which ripped
them
• They have grown exponentially
• Their administration has not been able cope up with rapid urbanization
• The age old infrastructure is weakened and decayed leading to degeneration of the core
areas in the city.
• Cities which have survived centuries are now at critical stage.
• Concept of Urban Renewal – To provide life to the dying city.
11. PLANNING PROCESSES AND TOOLS URBAN REDEVELOPMENT: RENEWAL CHAPTER 11
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CONCLUSIONS
For the success of any planning, diagnosis and measurement of urban health is a
prerequisite.
Unfortunately there is no scale for measuring urban decline, urban stress or deprivation
which do not alarm when the city reaches the threshold.
There is a need to establish causal relationship and correlation between the six dimensions
of urban renewal.
This can be achieved by further breaking up each dimension in the form of indicators which
can be measured and scaled quantitatively as well as qualitatively.
Proper understanding of the concept of urban renewal we can target changing problem
spaces to opportunity spaces.
In Long term perspective of the cities can manage to grow old graceful
11. PLANNING PROCESSES AND TOOLS URBAN REDEVELOPMENT: REHABILITATION CHAPTER 11
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The repair and improvement of existing
structurally sound property
Urban Rehabilitation is the area
devoted to regenerating and
conserving the built heritage or the
urban environment, including the
ecosystems.
In addition to the refurbishment of

historical buildings and townscapes,
such activities also comprise the
modernization and upgrading of
technical facilities and the respect of
environmental and security norms and
standards.
11. PLANNING PROCESSES AND TOOLS URBAN REDEVELOPMENT: CONSERVATION CHAPTER 11
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Urban conservation seeks to retain that part of urban environment whose character is
important to the national or local heritage. It also seeks to enhance that environmental
character by ensuring that the siting, the size and design of any development is
complementary to it.
The architectural heritage consists not only of our most important monuments but also
lesser buildings. It has come to realization that simply protecting monuments is not
enough, there needs to be conservation and beautification of surrounding areas.
With this also comes the realization that just an area of buildings can hold character
hence conservation need not be only for outstanding structures and their areas.
http://www.pkdas.com/urban-conservation-redev-urban-design-projects-3-46.php
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DWiz5MBLKUs
REDEVELOPMENT PROJECTS
Water Front
Infrastructure
Religious Buildings
Public Square
Area Development
REDEVELOPMENT PROJECTS
Water front https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fp-xSAPV79A
Infrastructure Master Plan for India's Largest Urban Redevelopment Project
Religious buildings https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vc0o9vEu42A
Public square
Area development
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LrJYV4o3X-s
All about the Chandni Chowk Redevelopment Project
Redevelopment Master Plan for Somnath Temple

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8W1V62nJ5m8
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rbQlwUwZI8w
Station redevelopment: Get ready for airport-like experience
at railway stations
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cGig_-YDad4
Kedarnath Redevelopment Project
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=92QI35EM1WY
Visakhapatnam Beach Front Redevelopment
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CHAPTER 11
1. Urban Redevelopment: Renewal, Rehabilitation, Conservation;
2. SCALES OF PLANNING: MASTERPLAN/COMPREHENSIVE

DEVELOPMENT PLAN, AREA PLAN, REGIONAL PLAN,
PERSPECTIVE PLAN, URDPFI GUIDELINES;
3. STEPS OF URBAN PLANNING.

11. PLANNING PROCESSES AND TOOLS : CHAPTER 11
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Lecture 02 _ Plans and planning process.mp4
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uTywQgFmmgI https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YL_FOI2wuUs
CHAPTER 11
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uTywQgFmmgI
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YL_FOI2wuUs
2. SCALES OF PLANNING:
a) Perspective plan
b) Regional plan
c) Master plan/comprehensive development plan
d) Area plan
e) URDPFI guidelines
11. PLANNING PROCESSES AND TOOLS : SCALES OF PLANNING CHAPTER 11
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PERSPECTIVE PLAN
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REGIONAL PLAN
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MASTER PLAN/CDP
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LOCAL AREA PLAN
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URDPFI GUIDELINES
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URDPFI GUIDELINES
CHAPTER 11
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uTywQgFmmgI
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YL_FOI2wuUs
a) Masterplan/comprehensive development plan,
b) Area plan
c) Regional plan
d) Perspective plan
11. PLANNING PROCESSES AND TOOLS :URBAN REDEVELOPMENT: CHAPTER 11
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MASTERPLAN/COMPREHENSIVE DEVELOPMENT PLAN
Master plan/Comprehensive Development Plan
The Comprehensive Development Plan is a long-term plan for urban development. It describes how land is expected to be
developed and how land uses may change over time to create a residential and employment hub. It also includes where and
how additional services, utilities and transport infrastructure are planned to support future development.
A Comprehensive Development Plan (CDP), as incorporated in the Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission
(JNNURM), is a plan that aims at creating economically productive, equitable, sustainable and responsive cities in India. It
elaborates on the present state of development in a city, envisages future goals and sets out the directions to attain them.
Typically, CDP suggests alternative routes and strategies to accomplish the projected development and address the socio-
economic challenges in the city. For instance, it may comprise solutions on the matters affecting the urban poor or elimination
of legal and other hurdles that have subdued the land and housing markets in a city. However, the projects are executed in
order of their significance and importance.
Moreover, CDP also comprises an investment budget for the implementation of the planned development. It is usually
prepared by the town planners for five years and differs from the Master Plan that is prepared for more prolonged durations
such as 20 years.
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Process of a Comprehensive Development Plan
In-depth analysis
A CDP is a multi-stage exercise that entails a detailed analysis of the present development, demography, infrastructure, utility
systems, environmental, financial, and institutional aspects of the city. Here, the town planners study various facets of the city
and gauge its expansion potential.
Moreover, it is crucial to identify the challenges that had led to ineffective infrastructure development in the past. Spotting the
problems and eliminating them is the critical aspect of CDP analysis.
Development of a vision
Using the results of the first stage, town planners create a plan for future development. However, the plan is drafted only
after the consultation with the key stakeholders and civil society.
Formulation of a strategy
An effective strategy is devised to bridge the gap between present and future goals. The strategy is then translated into
programs and projects. However, the importance of each project is evaluated to decide their order of execution.
Financial plan
This stage involves the development of a City Investment Plan (CIP) and allocation of budget to various planned projects. For
instance, the cost involved in providing 24/7 water supply in an area or the amount invested towards the enhancement of the
nexus of roads in a locale. It is crucial to have a financial strategy in advance to ensure a hassle-free implementation of
projects.
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8RZ0noUuyPI
CHAPTER 11
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b) AREA PLAN
c) Regional plan
d) Perspective plan
11. PLANNING PROCESSES AND TOOLS : SCALES OF PLANNING: AREA PLAN CHAPTER 11
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The term Local Area Plan (LAP) is introduced to identify those areas of the City with a particular local identity, natural
resource base or development character that will benefit from the application of consistent planning guidance and
development control.
The function of a Local Area Plan is to take a detailed look at a specific area, identifying and analysing the various issues of
relevance, before establishing and setting out principles for the future development of the area. A Local Area Plan is made
up of: a written statement, maps, plans, drawings. These must set out objectives for the proper planning and sustainable
development of a specific area. These objectives must be relevant to the local area and consistent with the provisions of
the city development plan.
Study example: https://portfolio.cept.ac.in/2016/M/fp/ward-planning-exercise-4500-5-monsoon- 2016/local-area-

planning-preparing-a-ward-plan-for-bapunagar-monsoon-2016-pp0008016
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CHAPTER 11
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b) Area plan
c) REGIONAL PLAN
d) Perspective plan
11. PLANNING PROCESSES AND TOOLS : SCALES OF PLANNING: REGIONAL PLAN CHAPTER 11
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Regional planning may be defined as the
integrated management of the economic,
social, and physical resources of a spatially
bounded area.
Regional plans and policies have been

proposed and carried out since the
beginnings of civilized settlement. In the
modern era, regional plans have been
promulgated for sub-national, multi-
jurisdictional areas such as metropolitan
areas.
The case for regional planning turns on

the logic that a strategic overview is
required to deal effectively with urban
and environmental issues that have wide
implications. This includes, but is not
limited to, transport planning, the
management of environmental assets and
the location of housing developments
CHAPTER 11
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b) Area plan
c) Regional plan
d) PERSPECTIVE PLAN
11. PLANNING PROCESSES AND TOOLS : SCALES OF PLANNING: PERSPECTIVE PLAN CHAPTER 11
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Perspective Plan
Developing a vision for region is essential for policy framework. The vision stipulates
direction of growth and identification of resource potential and innovations to be
adopted for the thrust areas of development. It integrates broad level plan with the
regional or development plan. A realistic vision helps policy formulation and
preparation of Perspective plan.
Perspective plan defines the vision and focuses on the spatio‐economic development
policies, strategies and programmes towards the intended development of the State.
The Perspective Plan of a State could include ‐ State Urbanisation Policy and State
Land Utilisation Policy. The plan is based on state resource mapping and analysis
and assessment of potential resources. It addresses the long term policies regarding
development of infrastructure and resource mobilisation. The scope of this plan covers
the social, economic, environmental and spatial development goals, policies and
priorities relating to the activities that have spatial and financial implications.
The purpose of a perspective plan is to provide an overall framework for preparation
of detailed plans. Therefore it serves as a guide for urban local authorities and
regional
A Perspective Plan is a long term (20-25 years) written document supported by
necessary maps and diagrams providing the state government the goals, policies,
strategies and general programmes of the urban local authority regarding spatio-
economic development of the settlement under its governance
11. PLANNING PROCESSES AND TOOLS : SCALES OF PLANNING: PERSPECTIVE PLAN CHAPTER 11
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A City Development Plan (CDP) is both a perspective and a vision for the future
development of a city. It presents the current stage of the city’s development – where are
we now? It sets out the directions of change – where do we want to go? It identifies the thrust
areas — what do we need to address on a priority basis It also suggests alternative routes,
strategies, and interventions for bringing about the change – what interventions do we make
in order to attain the vision?
City Development Plan (CDP) is anchored in the Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal
Mission (JNNURM) with a focus on creating economically productive, efficient equitable and
responsive cities. Both perspective and vision document for the future development of a city;
Developing a vision and selection of strategy is central to preparation; Wide range of
consultations among key stakeholders; Defines potential of city, its attributes in terms of
comparative and competitive advantage; Includes City Investment Plan: detailed analysis of
finances; In depth analysis and review of existing situation.
CHAPTER 11
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b) Area plan
c) Regional plan
d) Perspective Plan
11. PLANNING PROCESSES AND TOOLS : SCALES OF PLANNING: URDPFI guidelines CHAPTER 11
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https://www.slideshare.net/NITYAMDOSAR/urdpfi-2016 https://www.slideshare.net/ChaitaliShroff/udpfistandards
Introduction
• Planning is a continuous process & planning system should be such that it ensures continuity. • Earlier town planning was a piecemeal process
but after Independence the city planning experienced tremendous growth & challenges for resettlement due to political changes. • Several
resettlement, new Industrial base towns & urban centers were under process of planning & masters & town planners conclude that land use
plans are needed to guide development of urban centers to promote orderly development & healthy living environment. • For this purpose
the ministry of Urban affairs & employment, governing of India organized a national workshop on master plan approach during February
24-25, 1995. The research study of this workshop awarded as UDPFI – Urban development plans formulation and implementation
guidelines.
What are Urdpfi guidelines?

Urban and Regional Development Plans Formulation and Implementation (URDPFI) Guidelines. UDPFI Guidelines, 1996
provided a framework for plan preparation and implementation process.
What are the salient features of Urdpfi guidelines?
The Need of guidelines: The study of UDPFI norms and standards is needed to evolve: System that is dynamic, flexible
and efficient. Process that is less time consuming. Innovative ideas of land assembly and fiscal resource mobilization
Simple & effective form of laws, rules and regulations.
What is the role of Urdpfi guidelines in planning?

Promoting efficient implementation mechanisms and innovative techniques for promotion of planned spatio- q p p p
economic development of urban areas. Simplification of Town Planning laws and their amendments / restructuring.
What is the smallest planning unit?
The work center is the smallest planning unit in the hierarchy and can be planned with tasks and responsibilities. Finally,
a planning unit can be time-aligned. If a project is scheduled in time, then a planning over years, which is detailed in
the planning of individual months, weeks and days.
11. PLANNING PROCESSES AND TOOLS : SCALES OF PLANNING: URDPFI guidelines CHAPTER 11
MODULE 5
The Need of guidelines:
The study of UDPFI norms and standards is needed to evolve:

System that is dynamic, flexible and efficient.
Process that is less time consuming.
Innovative ideas of land assembly and fiscal resource mobilization
Simple & effective form of laws, rules and regulations.
MODULE 5
CHAPTER 11
1. URBAN REDEVELOPMENT: RENEWAL, REHABILITATION,

CONSERVATION;
2. Scales of Planning: Masterplan/Comprehensive Development Plan,
Area Plan, Regional Plan, Perspective Plan, URDPFI Guidelines;
CHAPTER 11
MODULE 5

11. PLANNING PROCESSES AND TOOLS :: STEPS OF URBAN PLANNING CHAPTER 11
MODULE 5
11. PLANNING PROCESSES AND TOOLS :: STEPS OF URBAN PLANNING CHAPTER 11
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Planning
Process
Student Exercise:
Objective: To study about questionnaire design and origin-destination (OD) survey in planning
Group activity: Students have to prepare household (HH)questionnaire sample and do a pilot study in any
nearby
location
Requirements:
• Use paper based/digital HH-OD survey (approximately 10 numbers for the whole class)
• Analyze the finding and discuss theirfindings
Outcome: Students get hands-on experience of the baseline study process in urban planning and identify the
importance of public opinion in any urban planning initiative of the government
QUESTIONS
1. Why is urban redevelopment necessary? Give examples of any urban redevelopment project that
you have seen.
2. Differentiate between Urban Renewal, Rehabilitation, and Conservation with appropriateexamples.
3. What are the different scales of urban plans?
4. Describe the purpose of primary and secondary survey.
5. What is the CDP and how is it done by JNNURM?
6. Explain the process of urbanplanning.
7. What is a household survey questionnaire and what are its contents?
8. Which is the guidelines that is followed for urban planning?
School Of Architecture | DSATM | Faculty: Ditimoni Baruah 15 ARC 8.7- Urban Planning | Spring 2020/ EvenSemester

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URBAN PLANNING

CHAPTER 11 8TH Semester Course: 15 ARC 8.7

School Of Architecture | DSATM | Spring 2021/ Even Semester

 PLANNING PROCESSES AND TOOLS

1. URBAN REDEVELOPMENT: RENEWAL, REHABILITATION,

A Hypothetical scenario using the urban development scheme

1.Dilapidating, ageing parts of the city

2.built form -old area of the city, congested area

3.In terms of infrastructure

1. The residential parts of the INNER CITY

• Indicators for residential parts of inner cities are:

• Indicators for central business district are:

•Physical renewal leads to

•Social renewal leads to improvement

•Cultural renewal promotes

•Economic renewal leads to new

•Environmental renewal leads to

1. Urban Centers Why to focus on these typologies

3. Exclusion Areas Benefits

In addition to the refurbishment of

Redevelopment Master Plan for Somnath Temple

 PLANNING PROCESSES AND TOOLS

1. Urban Redevelopment: Renewal, Rehabilitation, Conservation;

2. SCALES OF PLANNING: MASTERPLAN/COMPREHENSIVE

3. STEPS OF URBAN PLANNING.

11.PLANNING PROCESSES AND TOOLS

11.PLANNING PROCESSES AND TOOLS

Study example: https://portfolio.cept.ac.in/2016/M/fp/ward-planning-exercise-4500-5-monsoon- 2016/local-area-

Regional plans and policies have been

The case for regional planning turns on

What are Urdpfi guidelines?

What is the role of Urdpfi guidelines in planning?

The study of UDPFI norms and standards is needed to evolve:

 PLANNING PROCESSES AND TOOLS

1. URBAN REDEVELOPMENT: RENEWAL, REHABILITATION,

3. STEPS OF URBAN PLANNING.

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