Physics

NODIA APP Sample Paper 04 Page 1
Sample Paper 04
Class XII 2024-25
Physics
Time: 3 Hours Max. Marks: 70
General Instructions:
1. There are 33 questions in all. All questions are compulsory.
2. This question paper has five sections: Section A, Section B, Section C, Section D and Section E.
3. All the sections are compulsory.
4. Section A contains sixteen questions, twelve MCQ and four assertion reasoning based of 1 mark each,
Section B contains five questions of 2 marks each, Section C contains seven questions of 3 marks each,
Section D contains two case study based questions of 4 marks each and Section E contains three long
questions of 5 marks each.
5. There is no overall choice. However, an internal choice has been provided in one question in Section B,
one question in Section C, one question in each CBQ in Section D and all three questions in Section E.
You have to attempt only one of the choices in such questions
6. Use of calculators is not allowed.
7. You may use the following values of physical constants where ever necessary
i. c = 3 # 108 m/s
ii. me = 9.1 # 10−31 kg
iii. e = 1.6 # 10−19 C
iv. µ 0 = 4π # 10−7 TmA−1
v. h = 6.63 # 10−34 Js
vi. ε 0 = 8.854 # 10−12 C2 N−1 m−2
vii. Avogadro’s number = 6.023 # 1023 per gram mole
SECTION-A
1. c and diffraction pattern

A single slit of width 0.5 mm is illuminated by parallel light of wavelength 5000 A
is observed on a screen 1 m from the slit. The width of the central maxima is
(a) 500 mm (b) 600 mm
(c) 700 mm (d) 800 mm
2. A diamagnetic material in a magnetic field moves

(a) from weaker to stronger parts (b) perpendicular to the field
(c) from stronger to weaker parts (d) in none of the above directions
3. A parallel plate air capacitor is charged to a potential difference of V . If distance between the plates is
increased, then potential difference between the plates.
(a) decreases (b) increases
(c) becomes zero (d) does not change
4. In photoelectric effect, the number of electrons ejected per second is proportional to

(a) intensity of light (b) wavelength of light
(c) frequency of light (d) frequency of the metal
5. A battery of 12 V and internal resistance 0.5 Ω is connected across a variable resistance R . The value of
R , for which the power delivered is maximum is equal to
(a) 0.25 Ω (b) 0.5 Ω
(c) 1.2 Ω (d) 2.4 Ω
Continue on next page.....
Page 2 Sample Paper 04 CBSE Physics Class 12
6. A current-carrying loop is placed in a uniform magnetic field. The torque acting on it does not depend
upon
(a) area of loop (b) shape of loop
(c) number of turns in loop (d) strength of current and magnetic field
7. A small piece of metal wire is dragged across the gap between the poles of a magnet in 0.4 s . If change in
magnetic flux in the wire is 8 # 10-4 Wb , then E.M.F. induced in the wire is
(a) 8 # 10-3 V (b) 6 # 10-3 V
-3
(c) 4 # 10 V (d) 2 # 10-3 V
8. Three point charges are placed at the corners of an equilateral triangle as shown in figure. Assuming only
electrostatic forces are acting, the system
(a) Can never be in equilibrium.

(b) Will be in equilibrium if charges rotate about the centre of the triangle.
(c) Will be in equilibrium if charges have same magnitude but different signs.
(d) Will be in equilibrium if charges have different magnitudes and different signs.
9. If the energy of hydrogen atom in ground state is - 13.6 eV , then its energy in the first excited state will
be
(a) - 3.4 eV (b) - 6.8 eV
(c) - 27.2 eV (d) - 52.4 eV
10. A circular loop of area 0.01 m2 carrying a current of 10 A , is held perpendicular to a magnetic field of
intensity 0.1 T. The torque acting on the loop is
(a) zero (b) 0.01 N-m
(c) 0.1 N-m (d) 0.8 N-m
11. A 2 m long solenoid with radius 2 cm and 2000 turns has a another solenoid of 1000 turns wound closely
near its mid-point. The mutual inductance of solenoids is
(a) 0.8 mH (b) 1.6 mH
(c) 3.2 mH (d) 6.4 mH
12. According to the Maxwell’s displacement current law, a changing electric field is source of
(a) an e.m.f. (b) magnetic field
(c) pressure gradient (d) all of these

13. Assertion : A white source of light during interference forms only white and black fringes.
Reason : Width of fringe is inversely proportional to the wavelength of the light used.
(a) Both Assertion and Reason are correct and the Reason is a correct explanation of the Assertion.
(b) Both Assertion and Reason are correct but Reason is not a correct explanation of the Assertion.
(c) The Assertion is correct but Reason is incorrect.
(d) Both the Assertion and Reason are incorrect.
14. Assertion : If the temperature of a semiconductor is increased then it’s resistance decreases.
Reason : The energy gap between conduction band and valence band is very small.
15. Assertion (A) : The electric lines of forces diverges from a positive charge and converge at a negative
charge.
Reason (A) : A charged particle free to move in an electric field always move along an electric line of force.
16. Assertion : Photoelectric saturation current increases with the increase in frequency of incident light.
Reason : Energy of incident photons increases with increase in frequency and as a result photoelectric
current increases.
SECTION-B
17. A ray of light incident on an equilateral glass prism (µ g = 3 ) moves parallel to the base line of the prism
inside. it Find the angle of incidence for this ray.
18. The motion of copper plate is damped when it is allowed to oscillate between the two poles of a magnet.
What is the cause of this damping?
19. (i) Write the β -decay or tritium in symbolic form.

(ii) Why is it experimentally found difficult to detect neutrinos in this process?

20. The circuit shown in the figure has two oppositely connected ideal diodes connected in parallel. Find the
current flowing through each diode in the circuit.
o
What do you mean by doping ? What is the dopants ?
21. Write an expression for the momentum carried by an electromagnetic wave.
SECTION-C
22. Using Rutherford model of the atom, derive the expression for the total energy of the electron in hydrogen
atom. What is the significance of total negative energy possessed by the electron?
23. In Young’s experiment, the width of the fringes obtained with light of wavelength 6000 A c is 2.0 mm .
Calculate the fringe width if the entire apparatus is immersed in a liquid medium of refractive index 1.33.
24. Two metallic spheres of exactly equal masses are taken. One is given a positive charge q coulomb and the
other an equal negative charge by friction. Art their masses after charging equal?
25. Write the generalised expression for the Ampere’s circuital law in terms of the conduction current and the
displacement current. Mention the situation when there is
(i) only conduction current and no displacement current.
(ii) only displacement current and no conduction current.
26. Sketch a graph to show how the reactance of (1) a capacitor (2) an inductor varies as a function of
frequency.

27. (i) Describe briefly three experimentally observed features in the phenomenon of photoelectric effect.
(ii) Discuss briefly how wave theory of light cannot explain these features.
O
The given graph shows the variation of photoelectric current (I) with the applied voltage (V) for two
different materials and for two different intensities of the incident radiations. Identity and explain using
Einstain’s photoelectric equation for the pair of curves that correspond to (i) different materials but same
intensity of incident radiation, (ii) different intensities but same materials.
28. Considering the case of a parallel plate capacitor being charged, show how one is required to generalise
Ampere’s circuital law to include the term due to displacement current.
SECTION-D
Case Study Based Questions.
Read the following paragraph and answer the questions that follow.
29. From Bohr’s atomic model, we know that the electrons have well defined energy levels in an isolated atom.
But due to interatomic interactions in a crystal, the electrons of the outer shells are forced to have energies
different from those in isolated atoms. Each energy level splits into a number of energy levels forming a
continuous band. The gap between top of valence band and bottom of the conduction band in which no
allowed energy levels for electrons can exist is called energy gap.
(i) In an insulator energy band gap is

(a) Eg = 0 (b) Eg < 3 eV
(c) Eg > 3 eV (d) None of the above
(ii) In a semiconductor, separation between conduction and valence band is of the order of
(a) 0 eV (b) 1 eV
(c) 10 eV (d) 50 eV
(iii) Based on the band theory of conductors, insulators and semiconductors, the forbidden gap is
smallest in
(a) conductors (b) insulators
(c) semiconductors (d) All of these
(iv) Carbon, silicon and germanium have four valence electrons each. At room temperature which one
of the following statements is most appropriate ?
(a) The number of free electrons for conduction is significant only in Si and Ge but small in C.
(b) The number of free conduction electrons is significant in C but small in Si and Ge.
(c) The number of free conduction electrons is negligibly small in all the three.
(d) The number of free electrons for conduction is significant in all the three.
O
Solids having highest energy level partially filled with electrons are
(a) semiconductor (b) conductor
(c) insulator (d) none of these
30. An astronomical telescope is an optical instrument which is used for observing distinct images of heavenly
bodies libe stars, planets etc. It consists of two lenses. In normal adjustment of telescope, the final image
is formed at infinity. Magnifying power of an astronomical telescope in normal adjustment is defined as
the ratio of the angle subtended at the eye by the angle subtended at the eye by the final image to the
angle subtended at the eye, by the object directly, when the final image and the object both lie at infinite
f
distance from the eye. It is given by, m = 0 .To increase magnifying power of an astronomical telescope
fe
in normal adjustment, focal length of objective lens should be large and focal length of eye lens should
be small.
(i) An astronomical telescope of magnifying power 7 consists of the two thin lenses 40 cm apart, in
normal adjustment. The focal lengths of the lenses are
(a) 5 cm, 35 cm (b) 7 cm, 35 cm

(c) 17 cm, 35 cm (d) 5 cm, 30 cm
(ii) An astronomical telescope has a magnifying power of 10. In normal adjustment, distance between
the objective and eye piece is 22 cm. The focal length of objective lens is
(a) 25 cm (b) 10 cm
(c) 15 cm (d) 20 cm
(iii) In astronomical telescope compare to eye piece, objective lens has

(a) negative focal length (b) zero focal length
(c) small focal length (d) large focal length
(iv) To see stars, use

(a) simple microscope (b) compound microscope
(c) endoscope (d) astronomical telescope
O
For large magnifying power of astronomical telescope
(a) fo << fe (b) fo = fe
(c) fo >> fe (d) none of these
SECTION-E
31. (i) In Young’s double slit experiment, deduce the conditions for (i) constructive and (ii) destructive
interference at a point on the screen. Draw a graph showing variation of the resultant intensity in
the interference pattern against position X on the screen.
(ii) Compare and contrast the pattern which is seen with two coherently illuminated narrow slits in
Young’s experiment with that seen for a coherently illuminated single slit producing diffraction.
o
(i) Describe briefly how a diffraction pattern is obtained on a screen due to a single narrow slit
illuminated by a monochromatic source of light. Hence, obtain the conditions for the angular width
of secondary maxima and secondary minima.
(ii) Two wavelengths os sodium light of 590 nm and 596 nm are used in turn to study the diffraction
taking place at a single slit of aperture 2 # 10-6 m . The distance between the slit and the screen
is 1.5 m. Calculate the separation between the positions of first maxima of the diffraction pattern
obtained in the two cases.
32. Explain, using suitable diagram, the difference in the behaviour of a

(i) Conductor
(ii) Dielectric in the presence of external electric field. Define the terms polarisation of a dielectric and
write its relation with susceptibility.
o
(i) Derive the expression for the energy stored in parallel plate capacitor. Hence, obtain the expression
for the energy density of the electric field.
(ii) A fully charged parallel plate capacitor is connected across an uncharged identical capacitor. Show
that the energy stored in the combination is less than stored initially in the single capacitor.

33. (i) State Kirchhoff’s rules for an electric network. Using Kirchhoff’s rules, obtain the balance condition
in terms of the resistances of four arms of Wheatstone bridge.
(ii) In the meter bridge experimental set up, shown in the figure, the null point D is obtained at a
distance of 40 cm from end A of the meter-bridge wire. If a resistance of 10 Ω is connected in series
with R1 , null point is obtained at AD = 60 cm. Calculate the values of R1 and R2 .
O
(i) Plot a graph showing variation of voltage Vs the current drawn from the cell. How can one get
information from this plot about the emf of the cell and its internal resistance?
(ii) Two cells of emf is E1 and E2 internal resistance r1 and r2 are connected in parallel. Obtain the
expression for the emf and internal resistance of a single equivalent cell that can replace this
combination?
******
Sample Paper 05
Class XII 2024-25
Physics
i. c = 3 # 108 m/s
ii. me = 9.1 # 10−31 kg
iii. e = 1.6 # 10−19 C
iv. µ 0 = 4π # 10−7 TmA−1
v. h = 6.63 # 10−34 Js
vi. ε 0 = 8.854 # 10−12 C2 N−1 m−2
SECTION-A
1. When a ray of light enters a glass slab its wavelength
(c) remains unchanged (d) data are not complete
2. In a purely resistive AC circuit, the current

(a) is in phase with the e.m.f.
(b) leads the e.m.f. by a difference of π radians phase
(c) leads the e.m.f. by a phase difference of π/2 radians
(d) lags behind the e.m.f. by phase difference of π/4 radians
3. The frequency of X-rays is

(a) 1012 Hz (b) 1014 H z
(c) 1016 Hz (d) 1018 Hz
4. A particle of mass m and charge q moves with a constant velocity υ along the positive x -direction. It
enters a region containing a uniform magnetic field B directed along the negative z -direction, extending
from x = a to x = b . The minimum value of υ required, so that the particle can just enter the region of
x > b is
qbB qaB
(a) (b)
m m
q (b - a) B q (b + a) B
(c) (d)
m 2m
5. A parallel plate capacitor is made by stacking n equally spaced plates connected alternatively. If capacitance
between any two adjacent plates is C , then the resultant capacitance is
(a) C (b) nC
(c) (n - 1)C (d) (n + 1)C
6. The magnetic lines of force inside a bar magnet

(a) do not exist
(b) are from north-pole to south-pole of the magnet
(c) are from south-pole to north-pole of the magnet
(d) depend upon the area of cross-section of the bar magnet
7. If a wire of length 2 m is moving with a velocity of 1 m-s-1 perpendicular to a magnetic field of 0.5 T,
then E.M.F. induced in the wire will be
(a) 0.2 V (b) 0.5 V
(c) 1 V (d) 2 V
8. The electric field at a distance 2 cm from the centre of a hollow spherical conducting shell of radius 4 cm
having a charge of 2 # 10-3 C on its surface, is
(a) zero (b) 1.1 # 1010 V -m-1
-10 -1
(c) 4.5 # 10 V -m (d) 4.5 # 10+10 V −m−1
9. Electron-volt (eV) is the measure of

(a) charge (b) potential difference
(c) current (d) energy
10. The frequency of X-rays is

(a) 1012 Hz (b) 1014 H z
(c) 1016 Hz (d) 1018 Hz
11. The core of a transformer is laminated, so as to

(a) make it light weight (b) make it robust and strong
(c) increase the secondary voltage (d) reduce energy loss due to eddy current
12. Cathode rays can be deflected by

(a) electric field (b) magnetic field
(c) both types of fields (d) none of these fields
13. Assertion : No power loss associated with pure capacitor in ac circuit.

Reason : No current is flowing in this circuit.
(a) Both Assertion and Reason are correct and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.
(b) Both Assertion and Reason are correct, but Reason is not the correct explanation of Assertion.
(c) Assertion is correct but Reason is incorrect.
(d) Assertion is incorrect but Reason is correct.
14. Assertion : If a compass needle be kept at magnetic north pole of the earth the compass needle may stay
in any direction.
Reason : Dip needle will stay vertical at the north pole of earth.
15. Assertion (A) : The surface of a conductor is an equipotential surface.

Reason (R) : Conductor allows the flow of charge.
16. Assertion : A charge, whether stationary or in motion produces a magnetic field around it.
Reason : Moving charges produce only electric field in the surrounding space.
SECTION-B
17. Magnetic field lines can be entirely confined with the core of toroid, but not within a straight solenoid,
why?
18. A concave lens of refractive index 1.5 is immersed in a medium of refractive index 1.65 what is the nature
of the lens?
19. Why are two bulbs lighting the same walls considered as incoherent sources? How do their intensities add
up?
O
When a tiny circular obstacle is placed in the path of light from a distant source, a bright spot is seen at
the centre of shadow of the obstacle. Explain.
20. How are infrared waves produced? Why are these referred to as heat waves? Write their one important
use.
21. Is the steady electric current the only source of magnetic field? Justify your answer.
SECTION-C
22. Distinguish between ‘Intrinsic’ and ‘extrinsic’ semiconductors?
23. A charge Q is given to three capacitors C1, C2 and C3 connected in parallel. Determine the charge on each.
24. How will you explain twinkling of stars?
25. Describe briefly, with the help of a diagram, the role of the two important process involved in the
formation of a p - n junction.
Continue
on next page.....
26. How are electromagnetic waves produced? What is the source of energy of these waves? Write mathematical
expressions for electric and magnetic fields of an electromagnetic wave propagating along the z-axis. Write
any two important properties of electromagnetic waves.
27. Briefly describe proton-neutron hypothesis of nuclear composition.

O
What are uncontrolled and controlled chain reactions?
28. Determine the distance of closest approach when an alpha particle of kinetic energy 4.5 MeV strikes a
nucleus of Z = 80 , stops and reverse its direction.
SECTION-D
29. When light from a monochromatic source is incident on a single narrow slit, it gets diffracted and a
pattern of alternate bright and dark fringes is obtained on screen, called “Diffraction Pattern” of single
slit. In diffraction pattern of single slit, it is found that
(I) Central bright fringe is of maximum intensity and the intensity of any secondary bright fringe
decreases with increase in its order.
(II) Central bright fringe is twice as wide as any other secondary bright or dark fringe.
(i) A single slit of width 0.1 mm is illuminated by a parallel beam of light of wavelength 6000 A c and
diffraction bands are observed on a screen 0.5 m from the slit. The distance of the third dark band
from the central bright band is
(a) 3 mm (b) 1.5 mm
(c) 9 mm (d) 4.5 mm
(ii) In Fraunhofer diffraction pattern, slit width is 0.2 mm and screen is at 2 m away from the lens. If
c then the distance between the first minimum on either side the
wavelength of light used is 5000 A
central maximum is
(a) 10-1 m (b) 10-2 m
-2
(c) 2 # 10 m (d) 2 # 10-1 m
(iii) Light of wavelength 600 nm is incident normally on a slit of width 0.2 mm. The angular width of
central maxima in the diffraction pattern is (measured from minimum to minimum)
(a) 6 # 10-3 rad (b) 4 # 10-3 rad
(c) 2.4 # 10-3 rad (d) 4.5 # 10-3 rad

(iv) A diffraction pattern is obtained by using a beam of red light. What will happen, if the red light is
replaced by the blue light?
(a) bands disappear
(b) bands become broader and farther apart
(c) no change will take place
(d) diffraction bands become narrower and crowded together.
O
(v) To observe diffraction, the size of the obstacle

(a) should be λ/2 , where λ is the wavelength.
(b) should be of the order of wavelength.
(c) has no relation to wavelength.
(d) should be much larger than the wavelength.
30. Coulomb’s law states that the electrostatic force of attraction or repulsion acting between two stationary
point charges is given by
qq
F = 1 122
4πε0 r
where F denotes the force between two charges q1 and q2 separated by a distance r in free space, ε0 is a
constant known as permittivity of free space. Free space is vacuum and may be taken to be air practically.
If free space is replaced by a medium, then ε0 is replaced by ^ε0 k h or ê0 e r h where k is known as dielectric
constant or relative permittivity.
qq
(i) In coulomb’s law, F = k 1 2 2 , then on which of the following factors does the proportionality constant
r
k depends?
(a) Electrostatic force acting between the two charges
(b) Nature of the medium between the two charges
(c) Magnitude of the two charges
(d) Distance between the two charges.
(ii) Dimensional formula for the permittivity constant ε 0 of free space is

(a) 6ML-3 T 4 A2@ (b) 6M-1 L3 T2 A2@
(c) 6M-1 L-3 T 4 A2@ (d) 6ML-3 T 4 A-2@
(iii) The force of repulsion between two charges of 1 C each, kept 1 m apart in vaccum is
(a) 1 N (b) 9 # 109 N
9 # 109
(c) 9 # 107 N (d) 1 N
9 # 1012

(iv) Two identical charges repel each other with a force equal to 10 mgwt when they are 0.6 m apart in
air. (g = 10 m s–2). The value of each charge is
(a) 2 mC (b) 2 × 10–7 mC
(c) 2 nC (d) 2 µC
O
(v) Coulomb’s law for the force between electric charges most closely resembles with
(a) law of conservation of energy
(b) Newton’s law of gravitation
(c) Newton’s 2nd law of motion
(d) law of conservation of charge
SECTION-E
31. Give postulates of Bohr’s theory. Explain hydrogen spectrum on the basis of Bohr’s theory.
O
What is Hα line in the emission spectrum of hydrogen atom obtained? Calculate the frequency of the
photon emitted during this transition.
(i) Define electric intensity.
(ii) Derive an expression for electric intensity at a point situated on the axis of electric dipole.
O
A regular hexagon of side 10 cm has charge 5 µC at each of its vertices. What is the resultant potential
at the centre of the hexagon?
32. Discuss the motion of a charged particle in a uniform magnetic field with initial velocity (1) parallel to
the field, (2) perpendicular to the magnetic field and (3) at an arbitrary angle with the field direction.
O
(i) State Ampere’s circuital law. Use this law to obtain the expression for the magnetic field inside an
air cored toroid of average radius r , having n turns per unit length and carrying a steady current
I.
(ii) An observer to the left of a solenoid of N turns each of cross-section area A observes that a steady
current I in it flows in the clockwise direction. Depict the magnetic field lines due to the solenoid
specifying its polarity and show that it acts as a bar magnet of magnetic moment m = NIA.
******
Sample Paper 06
Class XII 2024-25
Physics
i. c = 3 # 108 m/s
ii. me = 9.1 # 10−31 kg
iii. e = 1.6 # 10−19 C
iv. µ 0 = 4π # 10−7 TmA−1
v. h = 6.63 # 10−34 Js
vi. ε 0 = 8.854 # 10−12 C2 N−1 m−2
SECTION-A
1. If a bar magnet is dropped down in an infinitely long vertical copper tube, then the magnet will move
continuously
(a) Increasing velocity and acceleration
(b) Increasing velocity but constant acceleration
(c) Decreasing velocity and ultimately comes to rest
(d) Increasing velocity and ultimately acquires a constant terminal velocity
2. Which scientist experimentally proved the existence of electromagnetic waves?

(a) Marconi (b) Heinrich Rudolf Hertz
(c) James Clerk Maxwell (d) Jagdish Chander Bose
3. A circular coil of radius r carries a current I. The magnetic field at its centre is B . At what distance from
the centre, on the axis of the coil, the magnetic field will be B/8
(a) 2R (b) 2R
(c) 3R (d) 3R

4. The voltage V and current I graphs for a conductor at two different temperatures T1 and T2 are shown
in the figure. The relation between T1 and T2 is
(a) T1 > T2 (b) T1 . T2

(c) T1 = T2 (d) T1 < T2
5. Two plates of a parallel plate capacitor are 1 cm apart and potential difference between them is 10 V. The
electric field between the plates is
(a) 10 N-C-1 (b) 250 N-C-1
(c) 500 N-C-1 (d) 1000 N-C-1
6. Two coils are placed close to each other. The mutual inductance of the pair of coils depends upon
(a) Currents in the coils
(b) Materials of the wires of the coils
(c) Relative position and orientation of the coils
(d) Rates at which the currents are changing in the coils
7. What happens if a monochromatic light used in the Young’s double slit experiment is replaced by white
light?
(a) No fringes are observed
(b) All bright fringes become white
(c) All bright fringes are coloured between violet and red
(d) Only central fringe is white and all other fringes are coloured
8. An electric current passes through a long straight copper wire. At a distance 5 cm from the straight wire,
the magnetic field is B . The magnetic field at 20 cm from the straight wire would be
(a) B (b) B
6 4
(c) B (d) B
3 2

9. An aluminium ring B faces an electromagnet A. Which of the following statement is correct?
(a) If I increases, A will repel B

(b) If I decreases, A will repel B
(c) If I increases, A will attract B
(d) Whether I increases or decreases B will not experience any force
10. A particle of mass m and charged q is accelerated through a potential V. The De-Broglie wavelength of
the particle will be:
Vh q
(a) (b)
2qm 2mV
(c) h (d) mh
2qmV 2qV
11. The minimum angular momentum of electron in Hydrogen atom will be

(a) h Js (b) h Js
π 2π
(c) hπJs (d) 2πh Js
Q
12. In the figure, if net force on Q is zero then value of is:
q
(a) 2 (b) 2 2
(c) 1 (d) 1
2 2 2

13. Assertion : Photo-sensitivity of a metal is high if its work function is small.

Reason : Work function = hf 0 where f 0 is the threshold frequency.
14. Assertion : In Young’s experiment, the fringe width for dark fringes is different from that for white fringes.
Reason : In Young’s double slit experiment the fringes are performed with a source of white light, then
only black and bright fringes are observed.
15. Assertion : The resistivity of a semi-conductor increases with temperature.

Reason : The atoms of semi-conductor vibrate with larger amplitude as higher temperatures thereby
increasing its resistivity.
16. Assertion (A) : The minimum distance between an object and its real image formed by a convex lens is 2f.
Reason (R) : The distance between an object and its real image is minimum when its magnification is two.

SECTION-B
17. You are given two converging lenses of focal length 1.25 cm and 5 cm to design a compound microscope. If
it is desired to have a magnification of 30, then find out the separation between the objective and eyepiece.
18. A small magnet of magnetic moment M , is placed at a distance r from the origin O with its axis parallel
to X -axis as shown. A small coil, if one turn is placed on the X -axis, at the same distance from the
origin, with the axis of the coil coinciding with X -axis. For what value of current in the coil does a small
magnetic needle, kept at origin, remains undefiled ? What is the direction of current in the coil ?
19. What is Einstein’s mass-energy equivalence? What is its importance?
20. Draw the voltage-current characteristic curve of a diode and mark its important parameter.
o
Draw V - I characteristics of a p - n junction diode. Answer the following questions, giving reasons:
(i) Why is the current under reverse bias almost independent of the applied potential upto a critical
voltage?
(ii) Why does the reverse current show a sudden increase at the critical voltage?
21. A capacitor of capacitance C is being charged by connecting it across a DC source along with an ammeter.
Will the ammeter show a momentary deflection during the process of charging? If so, how would you
explain this momentary deflection and the resulting continuity of current in the circuit? Write the
expression for the current inside the capacitor.

SECTION-C
22. A capacitor C , a variable resistor R and a bulb B are connected in series to the AC mains in the circuit
as shown in the figure. The bulb glows with some brightness. How will the glow of the bulb change if (i)
a dielectric slab is introduced between the plates of the capacitor keeping resistance R to be the same (ii)
the resistance R is increased keeping the same capacitance?
23. Draw a graph showing the variation of intensity against the position x on the screen in Young double slit
experiment.
24. Two point charges having equal charges separated by 1 m distance experience a force of 8 N . What will
be the force experienced by them, if they are held in water, at the same distance? (Given: K water = 80 )
25. Give some points of similarities and differences between Biot-Savart law for the magnetic field and
Coulomb’s law for the electrostatic field.
26. The electron in a given Bohr orbit has a total energy of - 1.5 eV. Calculate its
(i) kinetic energy
(ii) potential energy
(iii) wavelength of radiation emitted, when this electron makes a transition to the ground state.
[Given, energy in the ground state =− 13.6 eV and Rydberg’s constant = 1.09 # 107 m−1
27. A proton and an alpha particle are accelerated through the same potential. Which one of the two has
(i) greater value of de-Broglie wavelength associated with it and (ii) less kinetic energy? Give reason to
justify your answer.
o
(i) Give a brief description of the basic elementary process involved in the photoelectric emission in
Einstein’s picture.
(ii) When a photosensitive material is irradiated with the light of frequency v, the maximum speed of
2
electrons is given by Vmax . A plot of V max is found to vary with frequency v as shown in the figure.
Use Einstein’s photoelectric equation to find the expressions for (i) Planck’s constant and (ii) work
function of the given photosensitive material, in terms of the parameters l, n and mass m of the
electron.
28. A horizontal conducting rod 10 m long extending from east to west is falling with a speed 5.0 ms-1 at
right angle to the horizontal component of the Earth’s magnetic field, 0.3 # 10-4 Wb - m-2 . Find the
instantaneous value of the emf induced in the rod.
SECTION-D
29. When the diode is forward biased, it is found that beyond forward voltage V = Vk , called knee voltage,
the conductivity is very high. At this value of battery biasing for p-n junction,the potential barrier is
overcome and the current increases rapidly with increase in forward voltage. When the diode is reverse
biased, the reverse bias voltage produces a very small current about a few micro-amperes which almost
remains constant with bias. This small current is reverse saturation current.
(i) In which of the following figures, the p-n diode is forward biased.
(ii) Based on the V-I characteristics of the diode, we can classify diode as
(a) bi-directional device (b) ohmic device
(c) non-ohmic device (d) passive element
(iii) The V-I characteristic of a diode is shown in the figure. The ratio of forward to reverse bias
resistance is
(a) 100 (b) 106

(c) 10 (d) 10–6
(iv) In the case of forward biasing of a p-n junction diode, which one of the following figures correctly
depicts the direction of conventional current (indicated by an arrow mark)?

O
If an ideal junction diode is connected as shown, then the value of the current I is
(a) 0.013 A (b) 0.02 A

(c) 0.01 A (d) 0.1 A

30. A convex or converging lens is thicker at the centre than at the edges. It converges a parallel beam of
light on refraction through it. It has a real focus. Convex lens is of three types : (i) Double convex lens
(ii) Plano-convex lens (iii) Concavo-convex lens. Concave lens is thinner at the centre than at the edges.
It diverges a parallel beam of light on refraction through it. It has a virtual focus.
(i) A point object O is placed at a distance of 0.3 m from a convex lens (focal length 0.2 m) cut into
two halves each of which is displaced by 0.0005 m as shown in figure.
What will be the location of the image?

(a) 30 cm right of lens
(b) 60 cm right of lens
(c) 70 cm left of lens
(d) 40 cm left of lens
(ii) Two thin lenses are in contact and the focal length of the combination is 80 cm. If the focal length
of one lens is 20 cm, the focal length of the other would be.
(a) –26.7 cm (b) 60 cm
(c) 80 cm (d) 20 cm
(iii) A spherical air bubble is embedded in a piece of glass. For a ray of light passing through the bubble,
it behaves like a
(a) Converging lens
(b) Diverging lens
(c) Plano-converging lens
(d) Plano-diverging lens
(iv) Lens used in magnifying glass is
(a) Concave lens
(b) Convex lens
(c) Both (a) and (b)
(d) None of the above
O
The magnification of an image by a convex lens is positive only when the object is placed
(a) at its focus F (b) between F and 2F
(c) at 2F (d) between F and optical centre

SECTION-E
31. (i) How is a wavefront defined ? Distinguish between a plane wavefront and a spherical wavefront.
Using Huygen’s constructions draw a figure showing the propagation of a plane wave refracting at
a plane surface separating two media. Hence verify Snell’s law of refraction.
When a light wave travels from a rarer to a denser medium, the speed decreases. Does it imply
reduction its energy ? Explain.
(ii) When monochromatic light travels from a rarer to a denser medium, explain the following.
(a) Is the frequency of reflected and refracted light same as the frequency of incident light ?
(b) Does the decrease in speed imply a reduction in the energy carried by light wave ?
o
(i) In Young’s double slit experiment, two slits are 1 mm apart and the screen is placed 1 m away from
the slits. Calculate the fringe width when light of wavelength 500 nm is used.
(ii) What should be the width of each slit in order to obtain 10 maxima of the double slits pattern
within the central maximum of the single slit pattern ?
(iii) The intensity at the central maxima in Young’s double slit experiment is I 0 . Find out the intensity
at a point where the path difference is l , l and λ .
6 4 3
32. A slab of material of dielectric constant K has the same area as that of the plates of a parallel plate
capacitor but has the thickness d/2, where d is the separation between the plates. Find out the expression
for its capacitance when the slab is inserted between the plates of the capacitor.
o
(i) Define capacitance of a capacitor.
(ii) Derive expression for stored energy between plates of parallel plate capacitor. Show that energy-
density between plates of the capacitor can be expressed as 1/2 ε 0 E 2 , when E = Electric field
between plates.
33. (i) Derive an expression for the current density in terms of the drift speed of electrons.
(ii) Derive Ohm’s law on the basis of the theory of electron drift.
(iii)Derive an expression for the resistivity of a conductor in terms of number density of free electrons
and relaxation time.
o
A 100 W bulb B1 and two 60 W bulbs B2 and B3 , are connected to a 250 V source as shown in the figure.
Now W1 , W2 and W3 are the output powers of the bulbs B1 , B2 and B3 respectively.
What is the relation between the output powers of bulbs?
******
Sample Paper 07
Class XII 2024-25
Physics
i. c = 3 # 108 m/s
ii. me = 9.1 # 10−31 kg
iii. e = 1.6 # 10−19 C
iv. µ 0 = 4π # 10−7 TmA−1
v. h = 6.63 # 10−34 Js
vi. ε 0 = 8.854 # 10−12 C2 N−1 m−2
SECTION-A
1. A spherical drop of capacitance 1 µF is broken into eight drops of equal radius. The capacitance of each
small drop is
(a) 1 µF (b) 1 µF
2 4
(c) 1 µF (d) 1 µF
8 16
2. Which of the following rays are not electromagnetic waves ?

(a) γ -rays (b) β -rays
(c) X-rays (d) heat rays
3. Potential difference between two electrodes of a galvanic cell in an open circuit, is known as
(a) current (b) impedance
(c) voltage (d) electromotive force

4. Quality factor of LCR-circuit having resistance R and inductance L at resonance angular frequency ω is
given by
(a) ωL (b) R
R ωL
(c) b ωL l (d) b ωL l
1/2 2
R R
5. A uniform electric field and a uniform magnetic field are acting along the same direction in a certain
region. If an electron is projected along the direction of the fields with a certain velocity, then
(a) its velocity will increase (b) its velocity will decrease
(c) it will turn towards left (d) it will turn towards right
6. Permittivity of free space is.

(a) 9 # 109 mF-1 (b) 1.6 # 10-19 C
(c) 8.85 # 10-12 Fm-1 (d) 8.85 # 10-9 Fm-1
7. In photoelectric effect the maximum kinetic energy of emitted electron depends on

(a) wavelength (b) frequency
(c) intensity (d) work function
8. If a diamagnetic substance is brought near north or south pole of a bar magnet, then it is
(a) attracted by the poles
(b) repelled by the poles
(c) attracted by the north pole and repelled by the south pole
(d) repelled by the north pole and attracted by the south pole
9. The total energy of an electron in the first excited state of hydrogen atom is about - 3.4 eV . Its kinetic
energy in this state is
(a) - 3.4 eV (b) 3.4 eV

(c) - 6.8 eV (d) 6.8 eV
10. A 2 m long solenoid with radius 2 cm and 2000 turns has a another solenoid of 1000 turns wound closely
near its mid-point. The mutual inductance of solenoids is
(a) 0.8 mH (b) 1.6 mH
(c) 3.2 mH (d) 6.4 mH
11. Interference takes place due to change in

(a) velocity (b) intensity
(c) amplitude (d) phase difference
12. The angle of a prism is 60c. If green light of refractive index 1.5 passes through it, the angle of deviation
will be
(a) 30c (b) 40c
(c) 50c (d) 60c
13. Assertion : A concave mirror and convex lens both have the same focal length in air. When they are
submerged in water, they will have same focal length.
Reason : The refractive index of water is smaller than the refractive index of air.
14. Assertion (A) : Newton’s rings are formed in the reflected system. When the space between the lens and
the glass plate is filled with a liquid of refractive index greater than that of glass, the central spot of the
pattern is dark.
Reason (R) : The reflections in Newton’s ring cases will be from a denser to a rarer medium and the two
interfering rays are reflected under similar conditions.
15. Assertion : A famous painting was painted by not using brush strokes in the usual manner, but rather a
myriad of small colour dots. In this painting the colour you see at any given place on the painting changes
as you move away.
Reason : The angular separation of adjacent dots changes with the distance from the painting.
16. Assertion : Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a useful diagnostic tool for producing images of various
parts of human body.
Reason : Protons of various tissues of the human body play a role in MRI.

SECTION-B
17. What is transformer? What do you mean by its efficiency?
18. What is the amount of work done in moving a point charge Q around a circular arc of radius r at the
centre of which another point charge q is located?
19. Why does a paramagnetic sample displays greater magnetism when cooled?
20. What is total internal reflection? What are the conditions for it?
O
A concave mirror and a convex lens are held in water. What change, if any, do you expect to find in the
focal length of either?
21. Why alloys like constantan or manganin are used for making standard resistors?
SECTION-C
22. Figure shows a ray of light passing through a prism. If the refracted ray QR is parallel to the base BC
, show that
(i) r1 = r2 = A and
2
(ii) Angle of minimum deviation, Dm = 2i - A

23. In the Rutherford scattering experiment, the distance of closest approach for an α -particles is d0 . If α
-particles is replaced by a proton, then how much kinetic energy in comparison to α -particle will be
required to have the same distance of closest approach d0 ?
24. What is a continuous charge distribution? How can we calculate the force on a point charge q due to a
continuous charge distribution?
25. State the rules to find the direction of force on a charge moving in a perpendicular magnetic field.
26. The radionuclide 11 C decays according to 11 C $ 11 B + e− + v + Q, T1/2 = 20.3 min The maximum
6 6 5 positron
energy of the emitted positron is 0.960 MeV. Given the mass values.
m b 11 Cl = 11.0114344 u and
6
m b 11 Bl = 11.009305 u
5
Calculate Q and compare it with maximum energy of the positron emitted.
27. In Young’s double slit experiment, the separation of slits is doubled and the distance of the slits and screen
is halved. How will it affect the fringe width?
O
A slit or an aperture diffracts light. Even then we say light travels in a straight line and ray optic is valid.
Comment.
28. The V - I characteristic of a silicon diode is as shown in the figure. Calculate the resistance of the diode at
(i) I = 15 mA
(ii) V =− 10 V .

SECTION-D
29. Smallest charge that can exist in nature is the charge of an electron. During friction it is only the transfer
of electrons which makes the body charged. Hence net charge on any body is an integral multiple of charge
of an electron 61.6 # 10-19 C@ i.e.
q = ! ne
where n = 1, 2, 3, 4, ....
Hence no body can have a charge represented as 1.1e, 2.7e, 3/5e, etc.
Recently, it has been discovered that elementary particles such as protons or neutrons are composed of
more elemental units called quarks.
(i) Which of the following properties is not satisfied by an electric charge?

(a) Total charge conservation
(b) Quantization of charge
(c) Two types of charge.
(d) Circular line of force
(ii) Which one of the following charges is possible?

(a) 5.8 # 10-18 C
(b) 3.2 # 10-18 C
(c) 4.5 # 10-19 C
(d) 8.6 # 10-19 C
(iii) If a charge on a body is 1 nC, then how many electrons are present on the body ?
(a) 6.25 × 1027
(b) 1.6 × 1019
(c) 6.25 × 1028
(d) 6.25 × 109
(iv) If a body gives out 109 electrons every second, how much time is required to get a total charge of 1 C
from it?
(a) 190.19 years
(b) 150.12 years
(c) 198.19 years
(d) 188.21 years
O
A polythene piece rubbed with wool is found to have a negative charge of 3.2 # 10-7 C . Calculate the
number of electrons transferred.
(a) 2 × 1012
(b) 3 × 1012
(c) 2 × 1014
(d) 3 × 1014
30. The phenomenon of bending of light around the sharp corners and the spreading of light within the
geometrical shadow of the opaque obstacles is called diffraction of light. The light thus deviates from its
linear path. The deviation becomes much more pronounced, when the dimensions of the aperture or the
obstacle are comparable to the wavelength of light.
(i) Light seems to propagate in rectilinear path because

(a) its spread is very large
(b) its wavelength is very small
(c) reflected from the upper surface of atmosphere
(c) it is not absorbed by atmosphere
(ii) In diffraction from a single slit the angular width of the central maxima does not depends on
(a) λ of light used
(b) width of slit
(c) distance of slits from the screen
(d) ratio of λ and slit width
(iii) For a diffraction from a single slit, the intensity of the central point is
(a) infinite
(b) finite and same magnitude as the surrounding maxima
(c) finite but much larger than the surrounding maxima
(d) finite and substantially smaller than the surrounding maxima

(iv) Resolving power of telescope increases when

(a) wavelength of light decreases
(b) wavelength of light increases
(c) focal length of eye-piece increases
(d) focal length of eye-piece decreases
O
In a single diffraction pattern observed on a screen placed at D metre distance from the slit of width d
metre, the ratio of the width of the central maxima to the width of other secondary maxima is
(a) 2 : 1 (b) 1 : 2
(c) 1 : 1 (d) 3 : 1
SECTION-E
31. Obtain expression for the energy density of an electromagnetic wave. In an electromagnetic wave, show
that the average energy density of the E field equals the average energy density of the B field.
O
Considering the case of a parallel plate capacitor being charged, show how one is required to generalise
32. With the help of a circuit diagram, explain the working of a junction diode as a full wave rectifier. Draw
its input and output waveforms. Which characteristic property makes the junction diode suitable for
rectification?
O
Calculate the value of the resistance R in the circuit shown in the figure so that the current in the circuit
is 0.2 A. What would be the potential difference between points A and B ?
33. What is self-induction? Define self-inductance. Give its units and dimensions.
O
A helicopter rises vertically with a velocity of 10 m-s-1 . If helicopter has length of 10 m and horizontal
component of earth’s magnetic field is 2 # 10-3 T . What is the E.M.F. induced between tip of nose and
tail of the helicopter?
******
Sample Paper 08
Class XII 2024-25
Physics
i. c = 3 # 108 m/s
ii. me = 9.1 # 10−31 kg
iii. e = 1.6 # 10−19 C
iv. µ 0 = 4π # 10−7 TmA−1
v. h = 6.63 # 10−34 Js
vi. ε 0 = 8.854 # 10−12 C2 N−1 m−2
SECTION-A
1. In photoelectric effect the maximum kinetic energy of emitted electron depends on

(a) Wavelength (b) Frequency
(c) Intensity (d) Work function
2. If a glass rod is immersed in a liquid of the same refractive index, then it will
(a) disappear (b) look bent
(c) look longer (d) look shorter
3. When two charged capacitors having capacitance and potential C1 , V1 and C2 , V2 respectively, are joined
with the help of a wire, the common potential will be
(a) C1 + C2 (b) C1 V1 + C2 V2
C1 + C2
2 2
(c) C1 V1 + C2 V2 (d) C1 V 12 + C22V 2
V1 + V2 V1 + V 2

4. The number of Photons of frequency 1014 Hz in radiation of 6.62 J will be

(a) 1010 (b) 1015
(c) 1020 (d) 1025
5. What is the resistance of a 40 W lamp which is lighted as full brilliance by a current of 1 A?

3
(a) 120 Ω (b) 240 Ω
(c) 360 Ω (d) 480 Ω
6. Which of the following does not obey the phenomenon of mutual induction?
(a) Dynamo (b) Transformer
(c) Induction coil (d) Electric heater
7. In Huygen’s wave theory, the locus of all points oscillating in the same phase is called a
(a) Ray (b) Vibrator
(c) Wavefront (d) Half period zone
8. In a series combination, R = 300 Ω , L = 0.9 H , C = 2 µF , ω = 1000 rad − s−1 . The impedance of the LCR-
circuit is
(a) 400 Ω (b) 500 Ω

(c) 900 Ω (d) 1300 Ω
9. An electric dipole consists of a positive and negative charge of 4 µC each placed at a distance of 5 mm.
The dipole moment is
(a) 2 # 10-8 C-m (b) 4 # 10-8 C-m

(c) 6 # 10-8 C-m (d) 8 # 10-8 C-m
10. Two solenoids of the same length having number of turns in the ratio of 2 : 3 are connected in series. The
ratio of magnetic fields at their centres is
(a) 2 : 1 (b) 3 : 1
(c) 2 : 3 (d) 3 : 2
11. Most of the substance show which of the following magnetic property?
(a) Diamagnetism (b) Paramagnetism
(c) Ferromagnetism (d) Both b and c

12. When two converging lenses of same focal f are placed in contact, the focal length of the combination is
(a) f (b) 2f
f
(c) (d) 3f
2
13. Assertion : We cannot think of a magnetic field configuration with three poles.
Reason : A bar magnet does exert a torque on itself due to its own field.
14. Assertion (A) : Diamond behaves like an insulator.

Reason (R) : There is a large energy gap between valence band and conduction band of diamond.
15. Assertion : In Young’s experiment, the fringe width for dark fringes is different from that for white fringes.
Reason : In Young’s double slit experiment the fringes are performed with a source of white light, then
only black and bright fringes are observed.
16. Assertion : In series LCR circuit resonance can take place.

Reason : Resonance takes place if inductance and capacitive resistances are equal and opposite.

SECTION-B
17. The current flowing through a pure inductance 2 mH is I = (15 cos 300t) A . What is the (i) r.m.s. and (ii)
average value of current for a complete cycle?
18. Define conductivity of a material. Give its SI unit.
19. How does a circular loop carrying current behaves as a magnet?
20. In which situation is there a displacement current but no conduction current ?
21. State the criteria for the phenomenon of total internal reflection of light to take place.
O
What is the difference between Magnification and Magnifying power?
SECTION-C
22. Draw energy band diagram of n -typed and p -typed semiconductor at temperature T 2 0 K . Mark the
donar and acceptor energy level with their energies.
23. Two equal balls having equal positive charge q coulombs are suspended by two insulating strings of equal
length. What would be the effect on the force when a plastic sheet is inserted between the two?
24. When does snell’s law fail in refraction?
25. How the size of a nucleus is experimentally determined? Write the relation between the radius and mass
number of the nucleus. Show that the density of nucleus is independent of its mass number.
26. In the Rutherford scattering experiment, the distance of closest approach for an α -particle is d0 . If α
-particle is replaced by a proton, then how much kinetic energy in comparison to α -particle will be
required to have the same distance of closest approach d0 ?

27. Explain why do we need coherent sources to produce interference of light.

O
Define multiplication factor of a fissionable mass. Give its physical significance.
28. State the Bio-Savart law for the magnetic field due to a current carrying element. Use this law to obtain a
formula for magnetic field at the centre of a circular loop of radius R carrying a steady current I . Indicate
the direction of the magnetic field.
SECTION-D
29. Gauss’s law and Coulomb’s law, although expressed in different forms, are equivalent ways of describing
the relation between charge and electric field in static conditions. Gauss’s law is ε0 φ = q encl , when q encl is
the net charge inside an imaginary closed surface called Gaussian surface. φ = # Ev : dA v gives the electric
flux through the Gaussian surface. The two equations hold only when the net charge is in vacuum or air.
(i) If there is only one type of charge in the universe, then (Ev " Electric field, dsv " Area vector)
(a) # Ev : dsv ! 0 on any surface

(b) # Ev : dsv could not be defined
(c) # Ev : dsv = 3 if charge is inside
(d) # Ev : dsv = 0 if charge is outside,
# Ev : dsv = εq0 if charge is inside
(ii) What is the nature of Gaussian surface involved in Gauss law of electrostatic ?
(a) Magnetic (b) Scalar
(c) Vector (d) Electrical

(iii) A charge 10 µC is placed at the centre of a hemisphere of radius R = 10 cm as shown. The electric flux
through the hemisphere (in MKS units) is
(a) 20 × 105 (b) 10 × 105

(c) 6 × 105 (d) 2 × 105
(iv) The electric flux through a closed surface area S enclosing charge Q is φ . If the surface area is doubled,
then the flux is
(a) 2φ (b) φ/2
(c) φ/4 (d) φ
O
A Gaussian surface encloses a dipole. The electric flux through this surface is
q 2q
(a) (b)
ε0 ε0
q
(c) (d) zero
2ε0
30. Consider the situation shown in figure. The two slits S1 and S2 placed symmetrically around the central
line are illuminated by monochromatic light of wavelength λ . The separation between the slits is d. The
light transmitted by the slits falls on a screen S0 place at a distance D from the slits. The slits S3 is at
the central line and the slit S 4 is at a distance from S3 . Another screen Sc , is placed a further distance D
away from Sc .
(i) Find the path difference if z = λD

2d
(a) λ
(b) λ/2
(c) 3/2λ
(d) 2λ

(ii) Find the ratio of the maximum to minimum intensity observed on Sc , if z = λD

d
(a) 4 (b) 2
(c) 3 (d) 1
(iii) Two coherent point sources S1 and S2 are separated by a small distance d as shown in figure. The fringes
obtained on the screen will be
(a) concentric circles (b) points

(c) straight lines (d) semi-circles
(iv) In the case of light waves from two coherent sources S1 and S2 , there will be constructive interference
at an arbitrary point P, if the path difference S1 P - S2 P is
(a) bn + 1 l λ (b) nλ
2
(c) 7A2 (d) 19A2
O
Two monochromatic light waves of amplitudes 3A and 2A interfering at a point have a phase difference
of 60°. The intensity at that point will be proportional to
(a) 5A2 (b) 13A2
(c) 7A2 (d) 19A2
SECTION-E
31. Discuss the inconsistency in Ampere’s circuital law. What modification was made my Maxwell in this law?
O
A parallel plate capacitor is charged to 60 µC . Due to a radioactive source, the plate loses charge at the
rate of 1.8 # 10-8 C-s-1 . What is the magnitude of displacement current?
Continue
on next page.....
32. Considering the case of a parallel plate capacitor being charged, show how one is required to generalise
O
The V - I characteristic of a silicon diode is as shown in the figure. Calculate the resistance of the diode at
1. I = 15 mA
2. V =− 10 V .
33. Define mutual inductance between a pair of coils. Derive an expression for the mutual inductance of two
long coaxial solenoids of same length round one over the other.
O
In a closed circuit of resistance 10 Ω , the linked flux varies with time according to relation φ = 6t2 − 5t + 1.
At t = 0.25 second, What is the current (in Ampere) flowing through the circuit?
******
Sample Paper 09
Class XII 2024-25
Physics
i. c = 3 # 108 m/s
ii. me = 9.1 # 10−31 kg
iii. e = 1.6 # 10−19 C
iv. µ 0 = 4π # 10−7 TmA−1
v. h = 6.63 # 10−34 Js
vi. ε 0 = 8.854 # 10−12 C2 N−1 m−2
SECTION-A
1. The specific resistance of a conductor increases with-

(a) increase of temperature (b) increase of cross-sectional area
(c) decrease on length (d) decrease of cross-sectional area
2. The working of dynamo is based on the principle of

(a) heating effect of current (b) electromagnetic induction
(c) magnetic induction (d) electric induction
3. Comic rays are

(a) high energy radiations (b) low energy radiations
(c) ultra high energy radiations (d) very low energy radiations
4. An alternating current is given by: I = I1 cos ωt + I2 sin ωt . The root mean square current is given by
(I1 + I2) (I1 + I2) 2
(a) (b)
2 2
(c) I12 + I22 (d) I12 + I22

2 2
5. Bright colours exhibited by spider’s web exposed to sun light are due to
(a) diffraction (b) polarisation
(c) interference (d) resolution
6. A plane mirror products a magnification of

(a) 0 (b) - 1
(c) + 1 (d) between 0 and + 1
7. Nuclear atom model is required to explain the results of

(a) Rydberg’s experiment (b) Rutherford’s experiment
(c) Thomson’s atom model (d) Bohr’s frequency condition
8. Permeability µ of a ferromagnetic substance

(a) µ >> 1 (b) µ = 1
(c) µ < 1 (d) µ = 0
9. If a current i ampere flows in a long straight thin walled tube, then magnetic induction at any point inside
the tube is
(a) zero (b) infinite
2i Tesla µ 0 2i
(c) (d) $ Tesla
r 4π r
10. Ampere-hour is unit of

(a) Power (b) Charge
(c) Energy (d) Potential difference
11. The electrostatic capacity of a capacitor depends upon its

(a) charge (b) potential
(c) resistance (d) both a and b
12. The de-Broglie wavelength λ depends upon mass m and energy E according to the relation represented as
(a) mE1/2 (b) m1/2 E
(c) m-1/2 E-1/2 (d) m-1/2 E1/2

13. Assertion : The stars twinkle while the planets do not.

Reason : the stars are much bigger in size than the planets.
14. Assertion : Environmental damage has increased the amount of ozone in the atmosphere.
Reason : Increase of ozone increases the amount of ultraviolet radiation of earth.
15. Assertion (A) : Endoscopy involves use of optical fibres to study internal organs.
Reason (R) : Optical fibres are based on phenomena of total internal reflection.
16. Assertion : A white source of light during interference forms only white and black fringes.
Reason : Width of fringe is inversely proportional to the wavelength of the light used.

SECTION-B
17. Write two uses of X -rays.
18. Plot a graph showing variation of current versus voltage for the material GaAs.
19. A uniform magnetic field gets modified as shown in the figure, when two specimens X and Y are placed
in it.
(a)
(b)
20. Why does thermionic emission take place from a metal surface only?
O
Write the relationship of de-Broglie wavelength λ associated with a particle of mass m in terms of its
kinetic energy E .
21. Draw equipotential surfaces due to a single point charge.

SECTION-C
22. Write the expression for Bohr’s radius in hydrogen atom.
23. Explain, polarisation affords a convincing evidence of transverse nature of light.
24. Compare the properties of electric charge and mass which are not similar.
25. Define one tesla using the expression for the magnetic force acting on a particle of charge q moving with
velocity vv in a magnetic field Bv .
27. Name and define the SI and CGS units of magnetic flux. Write the relation between them.
28. Answer the following questions
(i) Name the electromagnetic waves which are used for the treatment of certain forms of cancer. Write
their frequency range.
(ii) Thin ozone layer on top of stratosphere is crucial for human survival. Why ?
(iii) Why is the amount of the momentum transferred by the electromagnetic waves incident on the
surface so small ?
O
Answer the following questions :
(i) Show, by giving a simple example, how electromagnetic waves carry energy and momentum.
(ii) How are microwaves produced ? Why is it necessary in microwaves ovens to select the frequency of
microwaves to match the resonant frequency of water molecules ?
(iii) Write two important uses of infrared waves.

SECTION-D
29. The electron mobility characterises how quickly an electron can move through a metal of semiconductor
when pulled by an electric field. There is an analogous quality for holes, called hole mobility. A block of
pure silicon at 300 K has a length of 10 cm and an area of 1.0 cm2. A battery of emf 2 V is connected across
it. The mobility of electron is 0.14 m2 V-1 s-1 and their number density is 1.5 # 1016 m-3 . The mobility of
holes is 0.05 m2 V-1 s-1 .
(i) The electron current is

(a) 6.72 # 10-4 A
(b) 6.72 # 10-5 A
(c) 6.72 # 10-6 A
(d) 6.72 # 10-7 A
(ii) The hole current is

(a) 2.0 # 10-7 A
(b) 2.2 # 10-7 A
(c) 2.4 # 10-7 A
(d) 2.6 # 10-7 A
(iii) The number density of donor atoms which are to be added up to pure silicon semiconductor to produce
an n-type semiconductor of conductivity 6.4 Ω−1 cm−1 is approximately (neglect the contribution of holes
to conductivity)
(a) 3 # 1022 m-3
(b) 3 # 1023 m-3
(c) 3 # 1024 m-3
(d) 3 # 1021 m-3
(iv) When the given silicon semiconductor is doped with indium, the hole concentration increases to
4.5 # 1023 m-3 . The electron concentration in doped silicon is
(a) 3 # 109 m-3

(b) 4 # 109 m-3
(c) 5 # 109 m-3
(d) 6 # 109 m-3
O
Pick out the statement which is not correct.
(a) At a low temperature, the resistance of a semiconductor is very high.
(b) Movement of holes is restricted to the valence band only.
(c) Width of the depletion region increases as the forward bias voltage increases in case of a p-n junction
diode.
(d) In a forward bias condition, the diode heavily conducts.
30. The lens maker’s formula is a relation that connects focal length of a lens to radii of curvature of two
surfaces of the lens and refractive index of the material of the lens. It is 1f = (µ − 1) ` R1 − R1 j , where µ is
1 2
refractive index of lens material w.r.t. the medium in which lens is held. As µv > µr , therefore, fr > fv .
Mean focal length of lens for yellow colour is f = fr # fv .
(i) Focal length of a equiconvex lens of glass µ = 3

2 in air is 20 cm. The radius of curvature of each surface
is
(a) 10 cm (b) –10 cm
(c) 20 cm (d) –20 cm
(ii) A substance is behaving as convex lens in air and concave in water, then its refractive index is
(a) greater than air but less than water
(b) greater than both air and water
(c) smaller than air
(d) almost equal to water
(iii) For a thin lens with radii of curvatures R1 and R2 , refractive index n and focal length f, the factor
b R1 - R2 l is equal to
1 1
1 (b) f ^n - 1h
f ^n - 1h
(a)
^n - 1h n
f ^n - 1h
(c) (d)
f
(iv) A given convex lens of glass ^µ = 32 h can behave as concave when it is held in a medium of µ equal to
(a) 1 (b) 3/2
(c) 2/3 (d) 7/4
O
The radii of curvature of the surfaces of a double convex lens are 20 cm and 40 cm respectively, and its
focal length is 20 cm. What is the refractive index of the material of the lens?
(a) 5/2 (b) 4/3
(c) 5/3 (d) 4/5
SECTION-E
31. Define alternating current (AC), its peak value and its R.M.S. value. Derive relation between then after
evaluating the expression for R.M.S. value.
O
Using phaser diagram for a series LCR circuit connected to an AC source of voltage V = V0 sin ωt , derive
the relation for the current flowing in the circuit and the phase angle between the voltage across the
resistor and the net voltage in the circuit.
Draw a plot showing the variation of the current I as a function of angular frequency ‘ω ’ of the applied
AC source for the two cases of a series combination of
(i) inductance L1 , Capacitance C1 and resistance R1 and

(ii) inductance L2 , Capacitance C2 and resistance R2 whereR2 2 R1
Write the relation between L1 , C1 and L2 , C2 at resonance. Which one of the two would be better suited
for fine tuning in a receiver set? Give reason.
32. Draw the graph showing the variation of binding energy per nucleon with the mass number for a large
number of nuclei 2 < A < 240 . What are the main inferences from the graph? How do you explain the
constancy of binding energy in the range 30 < A < 170 using the property that the nuclear force is short-
ranged? Explain with the help of this plot the release of energy in the processes of nuclear fission and
fusion.
O
Distinguish between nuclear fission and fusion. Show how in both these processes energy is released.
Calculate the energy release in MeV in the deuterium fusion reaction.
2 H + 3 H $ 4 He + n
1 1 2
Using the data
m b 2 H l = 2.014102 u
1
m b H l = 3.016049 u
3
1
m b He l = 4.002603 u
4
2
mn = 1.008665 u
1u = 931.5 MeV
c2
33. What are ohmic and non-ohmic conductors/resistors? State the conditions under which Ohm’s law is not
obeyed. Give one example of each type.
O
When 5 V potential difference is applied across a wire of length 0.1 m, the drift speed of electron is
2.5 # 10-4 m/s. If the electron density in the wire is 8 # 1028 m-3 , calculate the resistivity of the material
of wire.
******
Sample Paper 10
Class XII 2024-25
Physics
i. c = 3 # 108 m/s
ii. me = 9.1 # 10−31 kg
iii. e = 1.6 # 10−19 C
iv. µ 0 = 4π # 10−7 TmA−1
v. h = 6.63 # 10−34 Js
vi. ε 0 = 8.854 # 10−12 C2 N−1 m−2
SECTION-A
1. The magnitude of magnetic field at a point due to a current-carrying small element does not depend upon
(a) current in the element (b) length of the element
(c) diameter of the element (d) distance of the point from the element
2. Which of the following is a non-ohmic resistor?

(a) copper (b) aluminium
(c) diode-valve (d) none of these
3. The idea of displacement current was introduced by

(a) Hertz (b) Ampere
(c) Maxwell (d) Farad
4. The ratio of charge to potential of a capacitor is known as its

(a) capacitance (b) conductance
(c) inductance (d) resistance
5. According to the Rutherford’s atomic model, the electrons inside the atom
(a) stationary (b) not stationary
(c) centralized (d) none of these
6. Laser light is considered to be coherent as it consists of

(a) divergent beam (b) different wavelengths
(c) uncoordinated wavelength (d) coordinated waves of same wavelength
7. S.I. unit of self-inductance is

(a) coulomb (b) volt
(c) ohm (d) henry
8. When a body is charged, its mass-

(a) increase (b) decrease
(c) remains same (d) may increase or decrease
9. A hotwire ammeter reads 10 A in an AC circuit. The peak value of the current is

(a) 5πA (b) 10 2 A
(c) 10 A (d) 5 A
2 2
10. SI unit of power of a lens is

(a) joule (b) dioptre
(c) candela (d) watt
11. Magnetic dipole moment is a vector quantity directed from

(a) South to North Pole (b) North to South Pole
(c) East to West direction (d) West to East direction
12. If the velocity of an electron increases, then its de-Broglie wavelength will
(a) increase (b) decrease
(c) remain the same (d) first a then c
13. Assertion : Goggles have zero power.

Reason : Radius of curvature of both sides of lens is same.
14. Assertion : The air bubble shines in water.

Reason : Air bubble in water shines due to refraction of light.
15. Assertion : Dipole oscillations produce electromagnetic waves.

Reason : Accelerated charge produces electromagnetic waves.
16. Assertion (A) : A point charge is brought in an electric field. The field at a nearby point is increase,
whatever be the nature of the charge.
Reason (R) : The electric field is independent of the nature of charge.
SECTION-B
17. Write expression for magnetic field Bv on axis and equator of a short bar magnet.
18. Write an expression for the pressure exerted by an electromagnetic wave.
19. Can two equipotential surfaces intersect each other ? Justify your answer.
20. What is de-Broglie wave? Write an expression for its wavelength.

O
A proton and an electron have same kinetic energy. Which one has greater de-Broglie wavelength and
why?
21. A 10 V battery of negligible internal assistance is connected across a 200 V battery and a resistance of
38 Ω as shown in the figure. Find the value of the current circuit.
SECTION-C
22. What happens when a forward bias is applied to a p -n -junctions.
23. Two long straight parallel conductors a and b carrying steady currents Ia and Ib respectively are separated
by a distance d. Write the magnitude and direction, what is the nature and magnitude of the force
between the two conductors?
24. Two nearby narrow slits are illuminated by a single monochromatic source. Name the pattern obtained on
the screen. One of the slits is now covered. What is the name of the pattern now obtained on the screen?
Write two differences between the patterns obtained in the two cases.
25. Define the term magnetic flux. Is it a scalar or vector quantity?
26. State Bohr’s quantisation condition for defining stationary orbits.
27. Briefly explain how Maxwell was led to predict the existence of electromagnetic waves.
O
Answer the following questions :

(i) Name the waves which are produced during radioactive decay of a nucleus. Write their frequency
range.
(ii) Welders wear special glass goggles while working. Why ? Explain.
(iii) Why are infrared waves often called as heat waves ? Give their one application.
28. Derive the expression for electric field intensity at a point due to a point charge.
SECTION-D
29. A silicon p-n junction diode is connected to a resistor R and a battery of voltage VB through milliammeter
(mA) as shown in figure. The knee voltage for this junction diode is VN = 0.7 V . The p-n junction diode
requires a minimum current of 1 mA to attain a value higher than the knee point on the I-V characteristics
of this junction diode. Assuming that the voltage V across the junction is independent of the current
above the knee point. A p-n junction is the basic building block of many semiconductor devices like
diodes. Important process occurring during the formation of a p-n junction are diffusion and drift. In an
n-type semiconductor concentration of electrons is more as compared to holes. In a p-type semiconductor
concentration of holes is more as compared to electrons.
(i) If VB = 5 V , the maximum value of R so that the voltage V is above the knee point voltage is
(a) 40 kΩ (b) 4.3 kΩ
(c) 5.0 kΩ (d) 5.7 kΩ
(ii) If VB = 5 V , the value of R in order to establish a current to 6 mA in the circuit is
(a) 833 Ω (b) 717 Ω
(c) 950 Ω (d) 733 Ω
(iii) If VB = 6 V , the power dissipated in the resistor R, when a current of 6 mA flows in the circuit is
(a) 30.2 mW (b) 30.8 mW
(c) 31.2 mW (d) 31.8 mW
(iv) When the diode is reverse biased with a voltage of 6 V and Vbi = 0.63 V . Calculate the total
potential.
(a) 9.27 V (b) 6.63 V
(c) 5.27 V (d) 0.63 V
O
Which of the below mentioned statement is false regarding a p-n junction diode?
(a) Diodes are uncontrolled devices. (b) Diodes are rectifying devices.
(c) Diodes are unidirectional devices. (d) Diodes have three terminals.
30. An optical fibre is a thin tube of transparent material that allows light to pass through, without being
refracted into the air or another external medium. It make use of total internal reflection. These fibres are
fabricated in such a way that light reflected at one side of the inner surface strikes the other at an angle
larger than critical angle. Even, if fibre is bent, light can easily travel along the length.
(i) Which of the following is based on the phenomenon of total internal reflection of light?
(a) Sparkling of diamond
(b) Optical fibre communication
(c) Instrument used by doctors for endoscopy
(d) All of these
(ii) A ray of light will undergo total internal reflection inside the optical fibre, if it
(a) goes from rarer medium to denser medium
(b) is incident at an angle less than the critical angle
(c) strikes the interface normally
(d) is incident at an angle greater than the critical angle
(iii) If in core, angle of incidence is equal to critical angle, then angle of refraction will be
(a) 0° (b) 45°
(c) 90° (d) 180°
(iv) In an optical fibre (shown), correct relation for refractive indices of core and cladding is

(a) n1 = n2 (b) n1 > n2

(c) n1 < n2 (d) n1 + n2 = 2
O
(v) If the value of critical angle is 30° for total internal reflection from given optical fibre, then speed
of light in that fibre is
(a) 3 # 108 ms-1 (b) 1.5 # 108 ms-1
(c) 6 # 108 ms-1 (d) 4.5 # 108 ms-1
SECTION-E
31. Mention the important properties of α , β and γ rays.
O
Explain the construction of a nuclear reactor in detail.
32. Define temperature coefficient of resistivity (α). Distinguish between metals, semiconductor and alloys on
the basis of their α values.
O
Find equivalent capacity between A and B .
33. What is a choke coil? Discuss its use in AC circuits ?

O
(i) An alternating voltage V = Vm sin ωt applied to a series L - C - R circuit drives a current given by
I = Im sin (ωt + φ) . Deduce an expression for the average power dissipated over a cycle.
(ii) For circuits used for transporting electric power, a low power factor implies large power loss in
transmission. Explain.
******
Sample Paper 11
Class XII 2024-25
Physics
i. c = 3 # 108 m/s
ii. me = 9.1 # 10−31 kg
iii. e = 1.6 # 10−19 C
iv. µ 0 = 4π # 10−7 TmA−1
v. h = 6.63 # 10−34 Js
vi. ε 0 = 8.854 # 10−12 C2 N−1 m−2
SECTION-A
1. The mutual inductance, when the magnetic flux changes by 5 # 10-2 Wb and current change by 0.01 A , is
(a) 0.2 H (b) 2.5 H
(c) 5 H (d) 10 H
2. Which of the following radiations have the least wavelength?

(a) X-rays (b) γ -rays
(c) β -rays (d) α -rays
3. A 10 µF capacitor is charged by a battery of e.m.f. 100 V. The electrostatic energy stored in the capacitor
is
(a) 0.5 J (b) 0.05 J
(c) 0.5 mJ (d) 0.05 mJ
4. If a diamagnetic substance is brought near north or south pole of a bar magnet, then it is
(a) attracted by the poles
(b) repelled by the poles
(c) attracted by the north pole and repelled by the south pole
(d) repelled by the north pole and attracted by the south pole
5. Two insulated charged copper spheres A and B each having charge of 6.5 # 10-7 C are separated by a
distance 50 cm. If they are placed in water of dielectric constant 80, then electrostatic force of repulsion
between them is
(a) 1.9 # 10-7 N (b) 3.8 # 10-7 N
(c) 1.9 # 10-4 N (d) 3.8 # 10-4 N
6. A current-carrying coil is placed in a uniform magnetic field of induction B . The current in the coil is I
, it has n turns and A is the face area of coil and normal to the surface makes an angle θ with B . The
torque experienced by the coil is
(a) nIABθ (b) nIAB cos θ
(c) nIAB sin θ (d) nIAB tan θ
7. On connecting a battery to the two corners of a diagonal of a square conductor frame of side a , the
magnitude of magnetic field at the centre will be
µ
(a) zero (b) 0
πa
µ0 2µ 0
(c) (d)
2πa πa
8. As the electron in Bohr’s orbit of hydrogen atom passes from state n = 2 to n = 1, the kinetic energy K
and the potential energy u change as
(a) K four-fold and u two-fold
(b) K two-fold and u four-fold
(c) K two-fold and u also two-fold
(d) K four-fold and u also four-fold
9. An infinitely long conducting cylinder is kept parallel to a uniform magnetic field B directed along positive
z -axis. The direction of induced current on the surface of cylinder as seen from the z -axis will be
(a) zero (b) clockwise of the positive z -axis
(c) along the magnetic field (d) anticlockwise of the positive z -axis
10. The phenomenon of diffraction can be treated as the phenomenon of interference, if the number of
coherent sources are
(a) one (b) two
(c) zero (d) infinite
11. A steady current flows in a metallic conductor of non-uniform cross-section. Which of the following
quantity is constant along the conductor?
(a) current (b) drift speed
(c) current density (d) none of these
12. The kinetic energy of an electron, which is accelerated in the potential difference of 100 V is
(a) 1.6 # 10-17 J (b) 1.6 # 10-14 J
(c) 1.6 # 10-10 J (d) 1.6 # 10-8 J
13. Assertion : The photoelectrons produced by a monochromatic light beam incident on a metal surface have
a spread in their kinetic energies.
Reason : The work function of the metal is its characteristics property.
14. Assertion (A) : Charging is due to transfer of electrons.

Reason (R) : Mass of a body decreases slightly when it is negatively charged.
15. Assertion : The number of electrons in a p -type silicon semiconductor is less than the number of electrons
in a pure silicon semiconductor at room temperature.
Reason : It is due to law of mass action.
16. Assertion : Standard optical diffraction gratings can not be used for discriminating between X-ray
wavelength.
Reason : The grating spacing is not of the order of X-ray wavelengths.
SECTION-B
17. The velocity of light in a liquid is 1.5 # 108 ms-1 and in air, it is 3 # 108 ms-1 . If a ray of light passes from
this liquid into air, calculate the value of critical angle.
18. Out of electric field vector Ev and magnetic field vector Bv in an electromagnetic wave, which is more
effective and why?
19. 1. How does a diamagnetic material behave when it is cooled to very low temperature?
2. Why does a paramagnetic sample display greater magnetisation when cooled? Explain.

20. Name the important process that occurs during the formation of a p - n junction. Explain briefly, with
the help of a suitable diagram, how a p - n junction is formed. Define the term ‘barrier potential’.
O
Distinguish between an intrinsic semiconductor and a p -type semiconductor. Give reason why a p -type
semiconductor crystal is electrically neutral, although nh 22 ne .
21. He 23 and He 13 nuclei have the same mass number. Do they have the same binding energy?
SECTION-C
22. An electric dipole is placed in a uniform electric field E with its dipole moment p parallel to the field.
Find:
1. The work done in turning the dipole till its dipole moment points in the direction opposite to E .
2. The orientation of the dipole for which the torque acting on it becomes maximum.
23. Using de-Broglie’s hypothesis, explain with the help of a suitable diagram, Bohr’s second postulate of
quantization of energy levels in a hydrogen atom.
24. Show that a tangent galvanometer measures that current with maximum accuracy which produces 45c
deflection.
25. A wheel with 8 metallic spokes each 20 cm long is rotated with a speed of 120 rev/min in a plane normal
to the horizontal component of the Earth’s magnetic field. The Earth’s magnetic field at the plane is 0.4
G and the angle of dip is 60c. Calculate the emf induced between the axle and the rim of the wheel. How
will the value of emf be affected if the number of spokes were increased?
26. (i) When an AC source is connected to an ideal capacitor, then show that the average power supplied
by the source over a complete cycle is zero.
(ii) A lamp is connected in series with a capacitor. Predict your observations when the system is
connected first across a DC and then an AC source. What happens in each case if the capacitance
of the capacitor is reduced?
27. Define the term “cut off frequency” in photoelectric emission. The threshold frequency of a metal is f .
When the light of frequency 2f is incident on the metal plate, the maximum velocity of photoelectrons is v1
. When the frequency of the incident radiation is increased to 5f , the maximum velocity of photoelectrons
is v2 . Find the ratio v1 : v2 .
O
Write Einstein’s photoelectric equation. State clearly the three salient features observed in photoelectric
effect which can explain on the basis of this equation.
The maximum kinetic energy of the photoelectrons gets doubled when the wavelength of light incident
on the surface changes from λ 1 to λ 2 . Derive the expressions to the threshold wavelength λ 0 and work
function for the metal surface.
28. In Young’s double slit experiment, the slits are 0.2 mm apart and the screen is 1.5 m away. It is observed
that the distance between the central bright fringe and fourth dark fringe is 1.8 cm . Find the wavelength
of light used.
SECTION-D
29. Light emitting diode is a photoelectric device which converts electrical energy into light energy. It is a
heavily doped p-n junction diode which under forward biased emits spontaneous radiation. The general
shape of the I-V characteristics of an LED is similar to that of a normal p-n junction diode, as shown. The
barrier potentials are much higher and slightly different for each colour.
(i) The I -V characteristic of an LED is

(ii) The schematic symbol of light emitting diode is (LED)
(iii) An LED is constructed from a p-n junction based on a certain Ga-As-P semiconducting material
whose energy gap is 1.9 eV. Identify the colour of the emitted light.
(a) Blue (b) Red
(c) Violet (d) Green
(iv) Which one of the following statement is not correct in the case of light emitting diodes?
(a) It is a heavily doped p-n junction.
(b) It emits light only when it is forward biased.
(c) It emits light only when it is reverse biased.
(d) The energy of the light emitted is less than the energy gap of the semiconductor used.
O
The energy of radiation emitted by LED is

(a) greater than the band gap of the semiconductor used
(b) always less than the band gap of the semiconductor used
(c) always equal to the band gap of the semiconductor used
(d) equal to or less than the band gap of the semiconductor used.
30. Refraction of light is the change in the path of light as it passes obliquely from one transparent medium
to another medium. According to law of refraction sin i = 1 µ 2 , where 1 µ 2 is called refractive index of
sin r
second medium with respect to first medium. From refraction at a convex spherical surface, we have
µ2 µ1 µ2 − µ1
− = . Similarly from refraction at a concave spherical surface when object lies in the rarer
v u R
µ2 µ1 µ2 − µ1 µ µ µ − µ2
medium, we have − = and when object lies in the denser medium, we have 1 − 2 = 1
v u R v u R
(i) Refractive index of a medium depends upon

(a) nature of the medium (b) wavelength of the light used
(c) temperature (d) all of these
(ii) A ray of light of frequency 5 # 1014 Hz is passed through a liquid. The wavelength of light measured
inside the liquid is found to be 450 # 10-9 m . The refractive index of the liquid is
(a) 1.33 (b) 2.52
(c) 2.22 (d) 0.75
(iii) A ray of light is incident at an angle of 60° on one face of a rectangular glass slab of refractive index
1.5. The angle of refraction is
(a) sin–1(0.95) (b) sin–1(0.58)
(c) sin–1(0.79) (d) sin–1(0.86)
(iv) A point object is placed at the centre of a glass sphere of radius 6 cm and refractive index 1.5. The
distance of the virtual image from the surface of sphere is
(a) 2 cm (b) 4 cm
(c) 6 cm (d) 12 cm
O
In refraction, light waves are bent on passing from one medium to the second medium because in
the second medium
(a) the frequency is different
(b) the co-efficient of elasticity is different
(c) the speed is different
(d) the amplitude is smaller
SECTION-E
31. Two cells of emfs e1 and e2 , and internal resistances r1 and r2 are connected in parallel between the points
A and B . Deduce the expressions for
1. the equivalent emf of the combination.
2. the equivalent resistance of the combination.
3. the potential difference between the points A and B .
O
Obtain an expression for the heat developed in a resistor by the passage of an electric current through it.
Hence state Joule’s law of heating.
32. (a) A capacitor of capacitance C is charged fully by connecting it to a battery of emf E . It is then
disconnected from the battery. If the separation between the plates of the capacitor is now doubled,
how will the following change ?
(i) charge stored by the capacitor.
(ii) field strength between the plates.
(iii) energy stored by the capacitor.
(b) Explain why, for any configuration, the equipotential surface through a point is normal to the
electric field at the point.
Draw a sketch of equipotential surfaces due to a single charge (- q), depicting the electric field lines due
to the charge.

O
Show that the potential energy of a dipole making angle θ with the direction of the field is given by
u (θ) =− pv $ Ev . Hence, find out the amount of work done in rotating it form the position of unstable
equilibrium to the stable equilibrium.
33. What do you mean by wave front? Write down its type briefly?
O
Describe diffraction of light due to a single slit. Explain formation of a pattern of fringes obtained on the
screen and plot showing variation of intensity with angle θ in single slit diffraction.
******
Sample Paper 12
Class XII 2024-25
Physics
i. c = 3 # 108 m/s
ii. me = 9.1 # 10−31 kg
iii. e = 1.6 # 10−19 C
iv. µ 0 = 4π # 10−7 TmA−1
v. h = 6.63 # 10−34 Js
vi. ε 0 = 8.854 # 10−12 C2 N−1 m−2
SECTION-A
1. If the resistivity of an alloy is ρl and that of its constituent metal is ρ , then
(a) rl < r (b) rl > r
(c) rl = r (d) none of these
2. When the conductivity of a semiconductor is only due to breaking of covalent bonds, the semiconductor
is called
(a) extrinsic (b) intrinsic
(c) n -type (d) p -type
3. In a ideal transformer, voltage and current in primary are 200 V and 2 A respectively. If voltage in the
secondary is 2000 V, then current in the secondary is
(a) 20 A (b) 10 A
(c) 2 A (d) 0.2 A
4. A charged particle of mass m and charge q travels on a circular path of radius r that is perpendicular to
the magnetic field B. The time-taken by the particle to complete one revolution is
2πqB
(a) 2πm (b)
qB m
2πmq 2πq2 B
(c) (d)
B m
5. The magnetic field at a distance r from a short bar magnet is directly proportional to
(a) r 2 (b) r-3
(c) r 2/3 (d) r 4
6. The energy stored in a capacitor is actually stored

(a) between the plates (b) on the positive plate
(c) on the negative plate (d) on the outer surfaces of the plates
7. The value of current, flowing through an inductor of inductance 1 H and having negligible resistance when
connected to an AC source of 200 V and 50 Hz, is
(a) 0.64 A (b) 1.64 A
(c) 2.64 A (d) 3.64 A
8. Two point charges each equal to 2 µC are 0.5 m apart. If both of them exist inside vacuum, then
electrostatic force between them is
(a) 0.144 N (b) 0.288 N
(c) 1.44 N (d) 2.88 N
9. When the tube length of microscope is increased its magnifying power

(a) increases (b) decreases
(c) becomes zero (d) remains unchanged
10. A metallic rod of length l is placed normal to the magnetic field B and revolved in a circular path about
one of the ends with angular speed ω . The potential difference across the ends will be
(a) Bω2 l (b) 1 Bωl
2
(c) 1 Bωl 2 (d) 1 Bω3 l

2 8
11. If a photon has velocity c and frequency ν , then which of the following represents its wavelength?
(a) hc (b) hν
E c
(c) hν (d) hν
c2
12. Which of the following have minimum wavelength?

(a) γ -rays (b) X -rays
(c) cosmic rays (d) ultra-violet rays
13. Assertion : The resistance offered by an inductor in a d.c. circuit is always constant.
Reason : The resistance of inductor in steady state is non-zero.
14. Assertion : A proton and an alpha particle having the same kinetic energy are moving in circular paths in
a uniform magnetic field. The radii of their circular paths will be equal.
Reason : Any two charged particles having equal kinetic energies and entering a region of uniform
magnetic field Bv in a direction perpendicular to Bv , will describe circular trajectories of equal radii.
15. Assertion (A) : In a semiconductor diode, the reverse biased current is due to drift of free electrons and
holes.
Reason (R) : The drift of electrons and holes is due to thermal excitations.
16. Assertion : The ferromagnetic substance do not obey Curie’s law.

Reason : At Curie point a ferromagnetic substance start behaving as a paramagnetic substance.
SECTION-B
17. A biconvex lens made of a transparent material of refractive index 1.5 is immersed in a water of refractive
index 1.33 Will the lens behave as a converging or a converging lens? Give reason.
18. State Ampere’s circuit law.
19. How are infrared waves produced ? What role does infrared radiation play in (i) maintaining the Earth’s
warmth and (ii) physical therapy ?
20. Compare single slit diffraction pattern due to monochromatic light and whit light.
O
In a single-slit diffraction experiment, the width of the slit is made double the original width. How does
this affect the size and intensity of the central diffraction band ?
21. Magnetic field lines show the direction (at every point) along which a small magnetised needle aligns (at
the point). Do the magnetic field lines also represent the ‘lines of force’ ?
SECTION-C
22. How does electric potential vary from point to point due to a thin charged spherical shell? Draw a graph
showing variation of potential with distance.
23. A capacitor made of two parallel plates each of plate area A and separation d , is being charged by an
external AC source. Show that the displacement current inside the capacitor is the same as the current
charging the capacitor.
24. When does snell’s law fail in refraction?
25. Draw the circuit diagram of a half wave rectifier and explain its working.
26. The energy of electron in first Bohr orbit of hydrogen atoms is - 13.6 eV . What is energy of electron in
its 2 nd Bohr-orbit?
27. How is the size of a nucleus estimated? Write the relation between the radius of a nucleus and its mass
number.
O
Define multiplication factor of a fissionable mass. Give its physical significance.
28. Draw energy band diagram of n -typed and p -typed semiconductor at temperature T 2 0 K . Mark the
SECTION-D
29. When electric dipole is placed in uniform electric field, its two charges experience equal and opposite
forces, which cancel each other and hence net force on electric dipole in uniform electric field is zero.
However these forces are not collinear, so they give rise to some torque on the dipole. Since net force on
electric dipole in uniform electric field is zero, so no work is done in moving the electric dipole in uniform
electric field. However some work is done in rotating the dipole against the torque acting on it.

(i) The dipole moment of a dipole in a uniform external field Ev is Pv . Then the torque τv acting on the
dipole is
(a) τv = Pv # Ev (b) τv = Pv : Ev
(c) τv = 2 ^Pv + Ev h (d) τv = ^Pv + Ev h
(ii) An electric dipole consists of two opposite charges, each of magnitude 1.0 µC separated by a
distance of 2.0 cm. The dipole is placed in an external field of 105 NC-1 . The maximum torque on
the dipole is
(a) 0.2 × 10–3 Nm (b) 1 × 10–3 Nm
(c) 2 × 10 Nm
–3
(d) 4 × 10–3 Nm
(iii) Torque on a dipole in uniform electric field is minimum when θ is equal to

(a) 0° (b) 90°
(c) 180° (d) Both (a) and (c)
(iv) When an electric dipole is held at an angle in a uniform electric field, the net force F and torque τ
on the dipole are
(a) F = 0, τ = 0 (b) F ! 0 , τ ! 0
(c) F = 0, τ ! 0 (d) F ! 0 , τ = 0
O
An electric dipole of moment p is placed in an electric field of intensity E. The dipole acquires a
position such that the axis of the dipole makes an angle θ with the direction of the field. Assuming
that the potential energy of the dipole to be zero when θ = 90c, the torque and the potential energy
of the dipole will respectively be
(a) pE sin q, - pE cos q (b) pE sin q, - 2pE cos q
(c) pE sin q, 2pE cos q (d) pE cos q, - pE sin q
30. In Young’s double slit experiment, the width of the central bright fringe is equal to the distance between
the first dark fringes on the two sides of the central bright fringe. In given figure below a screen is placed
normal to the line joining the two point coherent source S1 and S2 . The interference pattern consists of
concentric circles.
(i) The optical path difference at P is
(a) d ;1 +
2D E
y2
(b) d ;1 + 2D
y2 E
y2
(c) d ;1 - E (d) d ;2D - 12 E
2D2 y

(ii) Find the radius of the n th bright fringe.
(a) D 1 b1 - nλ l (b) D 2 b1 - nλ l
d d
(c) 2D 2 b1 - nλ l (d) D 2 b1 - nλ l
d 2d
(iii) c and D = 100 cm, find the value of n for the closest second bright fringe
If d = 0.5 mm, λ = 5000 A
(a) 888 (b) 830
(c) 914 (d) 998
(iv) The coherence of two light sources means that the light waves emitted have
(a) same frequency (b) same intensity
(c) constant phase difference (d) same velocity
O
The phenomenon of interference is shown by
(a) longitudinal mechanical waves only (b) transverse mechanical waves only
(c) electromagnetic waves only (d) all of these
SECTION-E
31. State Bohr’s assumption to explain the spectra of hydrogen-like atoms. Obtain an expression for the total
energy of an electron revolving in the n th stationary orbit of an atom.
O
A 12.5 eV electron beam is used to excite a gaseous hydrogen atom at room temperature. Determine the
wavelength and the corresponding series of the lines emitted.
32. Define electric flux. State and prove Gauss theorem.

O
A square of side 1 m , has four charges of + 2 # 10−9 C, + 1 # 10−9 C, − 2 # 10−9 C and - 3 # 10-9 C
respectively at its corners. What is the resultant potential at the centre of the square?
33. Derive a mathematical expression for the force acting on a current carrying straight conductor kept in a
magnetic field. State the rule used to determine the direction of this force. Under what conditions if this
force (1) zero and (2) maximum?
O
Using Ampere’s circuital law find an expression for the magnetic field at a point on the axis of a long
solenoid with closely wound turns.
******
Sample Paper 13
Class XII 2024-25
Physics
i. c = 3 # 108 m/s
ii. me = 9.1 # 10−31 kg
iii. e = 1.6 # 10−19 C
iv. µ 0 = 4π # 10−7 TmA−1
v. h = 6.63 # 10−34 Js
vi. ε 0 = 8.854 # 10−12 C2 N−1 m−2
SECTION-A
1. The radius of a circular path in which an electron will move, when subjected to a perpendicular uniform
magnetic field (B), is
(a) me (b) mB
B e
(c) Be (d) mυ
mυ Be
2. Which radiation in sunlight, causes heating effect?

(a) ultra violet (b) infra-red
(c) visible light (d) all of these
3. Which of the following quantity is increased in a step-down transformer?

(a) current (b) voltage
(c) power (d) frequency
4. The magnetic flux through a circuit of resistance R changes by an amount Tφ in a time Tt . The total
electric charge Q that passes any point in the circuit during the time Tt is represented by
Tφ Tφ
(a) Q = (b) Q =
Tt R
Tφ Tφ
(c) Q = R $ (d) Q = 1 $
Tt R Tt
5. Magnetic lines of force

(a) always intersect
(b) are always closed
(c) do not pass through vacuum
(d) tend to crowd far way from the poles of a magnet
6. The power of electric circuit is

(a) VR (b) V 2 R
2
(c) V (d) V 2 RI
R
7. With the increase of temperature, width of the forbidden gap

(c) remains same (d) becomes zero
8. The kinetic energy of an electron, which is accelerated in the potential difference of 100V is
(a) 1.6 # 10-17 J (b) 1.6 # 10-14 J
(c) 1.6 # 10-10 J (d) 1.6 # 10-8 J
9. Coulombian force is
(a) central force (b) electric force
(c) both a and b (d) none of these
10. Alternating current can not be measured by DC ammeter, because

(a) AC changes direction
(b) DC ammeter will get damaged
(c) AC can not pass through DC ammeter
(d) average value of current for a complete cycle is zero
11. The final image in astronomical telescope is

(a) real and erect (b) real and inverted
(c) virtual and inverted (d) virtual and erect
12. An infinite number of capacitors with capacitances 1 µF , 12 µF , 1

4 µ F, 1
8 µF , .... etc. are connected in
parallel combination. Their equivalent capacitance will be
(a) 8 µF (b) 6 µF
(c) 4 µF (d) 2 µF
13. Assertion : Ferro-magnetic substances become paramagnetic above Curse temperature.

Reason : Domains are destroyed at high temperature.
14. Assertion : The magnetic field produced by a current carrying solenoid is independent of its length and
cross-sectional area.
Reason : The magnetic field inside the solenoid is uniform.
15. Assertion : A narrow pulse of light is sent through a medium. The pulse will retain its shape as it travels
through the medium.
Reason : A narrow pulse is made of harmonic waves with a large range of wavelengths.
16. Assertion : Faraday’s laws are consequences of conservation of energy.

Reason : In a purely resistive A.C. circuit, the current lags behind the e.m.f. in phase.
SECTION-B
17. What is the importance of radial magnetic field in a moving coil galvanometer?
18. (i) What is the relation between critical angle and refractive index of a material ?
(ii) Does critical angle depend on the colour of light ?
19. A capacitor of capacitance C is being charged by connecting it across a DC source along with an ammeter.
Will the ammeter show a momentary deflection during the process of charging? If so, how would you
explain this momentary deflection and the resulting continuity of current in the circuit? Write the
expression for the current inside the capacitor.
20. What are polaroid ? Mention its uses.

O
Radio-waves diffract pronouncedly around buildings, while light waves, which are electromagnetic waves,
do not. Why?
21. Using the concept of force between two infinitely long parallel current carrying conductors define one
ampere of current.
SECTION-C
22. Draw V - I characteristics of a p - n junction diode. Answer the following questions, giving reasons:
(i) Why is the current under reverse bias almost independent of the applied potential upto a critical
voltage?
(ii) Why does the reverse current show a sudden increase at the critical voltage?
Name any semiconductor device which operates under the reverse bias in the breakdown region.
23. Show that the capacitance of an insulated spherical conductor is directly proportional to the radius of the
spherical conductor.
24. Briefly explain how Maxwell was led to predict the existence of electromagnetic waves.
25. Define ionisation energy. What is its value for hydrogen atom?
26. An empty test tube is placed slanting in the water and viewed from above. What will you observe?

O
What is nuclear fission? Explain how a chain reaction can occur in a fissionable material?
28. What happens when a forward bias is applied to a p -n -junctions
SECTION-D
holes is 0.05 m2 V-1 s-1 .
(a) 6.72 # 10-4 A (b) 6.72 # 10-5 A
(c) 6.72 # 10-6 A (d) 6.72 # 10-7 A

(a) 2.0 # 10-7 A (b) 2.2 # 10-7 A
(c) 2.4 # 10-7 A (d) 2.6 # 10-7 A

(iii) The number density of donor atoms which are to be added up to pure silicon semiconductor
to produce an n-type semiconductor of conductivity 6.4 Ω−1 cm−1 is approximately (neglect the
contribution of holes to conductivity)
(a) 3 # 1022 m-3 (b) 3 # 1023 m-3
(c) 3 # 1024 m-3 (d) 3 # 1021 m-3
(a) 3 # 109 m-3 (b) 4 # 109 m-3
(c) 5 # 109 m-3 (d) 6 # 109 m-3
O
(v) Pick out the statement which is not correct.
(c) Width of the depletion region increases as the forward bias voltage increases in case of a p-n
junction diode.
30. Distance between two successive bright or dark fringes is called fringe width.
β = Yn + 1 − Yn
^n + 1h lD nlD lD
= − =
d d d
Fringe width is independent of the order of the maxima. If whole apparatus is immersed in liquid of
refractive index µ then β = λD (fringe width decreases).
µd
Angular fringe width (θ ) is the angular separation between two consecutive maxima or minima
β
θ = =λ
D d
In the arrangement shown in figure, slit S3 and S 4 are having a variable separation Z. Point O on the
screen is at the common perpendicular bisector of S1 S2 and S3 S 4 .
(i) The maximum number of possible interference maxima for slit separation equal to twice the
wavelength in Young’s double-slit experiment, is
(a) infinite (b) five
(c) three (d) zero
(ii) In Young’s double slit experiment if yellow light is replaced by blue light, the interference fringes
become
(a) wider (b) brighter
(c) narrower (d) darker
(iii) In Young’s double slit experiment, if the separation between the slits is halved and the distance
between the slits and the screen is doubled, then the fringe width compared to the unchanged one
will be
(a) Unchanged (b) Halved
(c) Doubled (d) Quadrupled
(iv) When the complete Young’s double slit experiment is immersed in water, the fringes
(a) remain unaltered (b) become wider
(c) become narrower (d) disappear
O
(v) In a two slit experiment with white light, a white fringe is observed on a screen kept behind the
slits. When the screen is moved away by 0.05 m, this white fringe
(a) does not move at all (b) gets displaced from its earlier position
(c) becomes coloured (d) disappears
SECTION-E
31. Deduce Coulomb’s law from Gauss law.
O
(i) Can two equipotential surfaces intersect each other? Give reasons.
(ii) Two charges - q and + q are located at points A ^0, 0, - a h and B ^0, 0, + a h respectively. How much
work is done in moving a test charge from point P ^7, 0, 0h to Q ^- 3, 0, 0h ?
32. Describe Rutherford’s model of atom developed on the basis of his alpha particle scattering experiment.
O
Calculate the shortest wavelength in the Balmer series of hydrogen atom. In which region (infrared visible,
ultraviolet) of hydrogen spectrum does this wavelength lie?
33. A long solenoid with closely wound turns has n turns, per unit of its length. A steady current I flows
through this solenoid. Use Ampere’s circuital law to obtain an expression, for the magnetic field, at a
point on its axis and close to its midpoint.
O
(i) Explain giving reasons, the basic difference in converting a galvanometer into (a) a voltmeter and
(b) an ammeter.
(ii) Two long straight parallel conductors carrying steady currents I1 and I2 are separated by a distance
d.
Explain briefly with the help of a suitable diagram, how the magnetic field due to one conductor acts on
the other. Hence, deduce the expression for the force acting between the two conductors. Mention the
nature of this force.
******
Sample Paper 14
Class XII 2024-25
Physics
i. c = 3 # 108 m/s
ii. me = 9.1 # 10−31 kg
iii. e = 1.6 # 10−19 C
iv. µ 0 = 4π # 10−7 TmA−1
v. h = 6.63 # 10−34 Js
vi. ε 0 = 8.854 # 10−12 C2 N−1 m−2
SECTION-A
1. Which element is used in electric heater?
(a) Copper (b) Platinum
(c) Tungsten (d) Nichrome
2. S.I. unit of magnetic moment is

(a) JT-2 (b) Am2
(c) JT (d) Am-1
3. Which of the following ratios is constant for an isolated conductor?

Total charg e Ch arge added
(a) (b)
Potential Potential difference
(Total charg e) 2
(c) (d) none of these
Potential
4. If the kinetic energy of an electron doubles, its de-Broglie’s wavelength changes by a factor
(a) 2 (b) 2
(c) 1 (d) 1
2 2
5. Which of the following rays are not electromagnetic waves ?

(a) γ -rays (b) β -rays
(c) X-rays (d) heat rays
6. The electrostatic field is

(a) conservative (b) non-conservative
(c) both (a) and (b) (d) none of these
7. In Young’s double slit experiment, if one slit is covered with red filter and the other slit is covered by green
filter, then their interference pattern will be
(a) red (b) green
(c) yellow (d) invisible
8. In an AC circuit containing only capacitor, the current

(a) leads the voltage by 90c (b) leads the voltage by 180c
(c) lags behind the voltage by 90c (d) remains in phase with the voltage
9. An object is placed at a distance f in the front of a convex mirror. If focal length of the mirror is f , then
distance of image from pole of the mirror is
(a) f (b) 2f
f f
(c) (d)
2 4
10. The Lenz’s law gives

(a) direction of induced E.M.F. (b) magnitude of induced E.M.F.
(c) direction of induced current (d) magnitude of induced current
11. For an electron in the second orbit of Bohr’s hydrogen atom, the moment of liner momentum is
(a) πh (b) 2πh
(c) h (d) 2h
π π
12. Two equal electric currents are flowing perpendicular to each other as shown in the figure. AB and CD
are perpendicular to each other and symmetrically placed with respect to the currents. Where do we
expect the resultant magnetic field to be zero ?
(a) on AB (b) on CD
(c) on both AB and CD (d) on both OD and BO
13. Assertion : Microwaves are better carrier of signals than optical waves.
Reason : Microwaves move faster than optical waves.
14. Assertion : By roughening the surface of a glass sheet its transparency can be reduced.
Reason : Glass sheet with rough surface absorbs more light.
15. Assertion : No interference pattern is detected when two coherent sources are infinitely close to each other.
Reason : The fringe width is inversely proportional to the distance between the two slits.
16. Assertion (A) : The whole charge of a conductor cannot be transferred to another isolated conductor.
Reason (R) : The total transfer of charge from one to another is not possible.
SECTION-B
17. Identify the part of the electromagnetic spectrum which is
(a) suitable for radar system used in aircraft navigation.
(b) produced by bombarding a metal target by high speed electrons
18. In a certain 0.5 cm3 of space, electric potential is found to be 7 V throughout. What is the electric field
in this region ?
19. Plot a graph showing variation of photoelectric current with collector plate potential at a given frequency
and intensity of incident radiation. What does the intercept of the graph with potential axis signify?
O
What is meant by work function of a metal? How does the value of work function influence the kinetic
energy of electrons liberated during photoelectron emission?
20. The relative magnetic permeability of a magnetic material is 800. Identify the nature of magnetic material
and state its two properties.
21. The charging current for a capacitor is 0.25 A. What is the displacement current across its plates?
SECTION-C
22. (a) Why are coherent sources necessary to produce a sustained interference pattern ?
(b) In Young’s double slit experiment using monochromatic light of wavelength λ , the intensity of light
at a point on the screen where path difference is λ is K units. Find out the intensity of light at a
point where path difference is λ/3.
23. Define ionization energy. How would the ionization energy change when electron in hydrogen atom is
replaced by a particle of mass 200 times that of the electron but having the same charge?
1. I = 15 mA
2. V =− 10 V .
25. (a) State clearly how a microwave oven works to heat up a food item containing water molecules.
(b) Why are microwaves found useful for the RADAR systems in aircraft navigation ?
O
(i) Which segment of electromagnetic waves has highest frequency ? How are these waves produced ?
Give one use of these waves.
(ii) Which electromagnetic waves lie near the high frequency one of visible part of electromagnetic
spectrum ? Give its one use. In what way this component of light has harmful effects on human ?
26. Show with the help of a diagram, how the force between the two conductors would change when the
currents in them flow in the opposite directions.
27. State Faraday’s laws of electromagnetic induction. Express them mathematically.
28. Derive an expression for the torque experienced by electric dipole in external electric field.
SECTION-D
holes is 0.05 m2 V-1 s-1 .
(a) 6.72 # 10-4 A (b) 6.72 # 10-5 A
(c) 6.72 # 10-6 A (d) 6.72 # 10-7 A
(a) 2.0 # 10-7 A (b) 2.2 # 10-7 A
(c) 2.4 # 10-7 A (d) 2.6 # 10-7 A
(iii) The number density of donor atoms which are to be added up to pure silicon semiconductor
to produce an n-type semiconductor of conductivity 6.4 Ω−1 cm−1 is approximately (neglect the
contribution of holes to conductivity)
(a) 3 # 1022 m-3 (b) 3 # 1023 m-3
(c) 3 # 1024 m-3 (d) 3 # 1021 m-3
(a) 3 # 109 m-3 (b) 4 # 109 m-3
(c) 5 # 109 m-3 (d) 6 # 109 m-3
O
(v) Pick out the statement which is not correct.
(c) Width of the depletion region increases as the forward bias voltage increases in case of a p-n
junction diode.
30. A prism is a portion of a transparent medium bounded by two plane faces inclined to each other at
a suitable angle. A ray of light suffers two refractions on passing through a prism and hence deviates
through a certain angle from its original path. The angle of deviation of a prism is, δ = ^µ − 1h A , through
which a ray deviates on passing through a thin prism of small refracting angle A. If µ is refractive index
sin Â + δ m h /2
of the material of the prism, then prism formula is, µ =
sin A/2
(i) For which colour, angle of deviation is minimum?
(a) Red (b) Yellow
(c) Violet (d) Blue
(ii) When white light moves through vacuum
(a) all colours have same speed (b) different colours have different speeds
(c) violet has more speed than red (d) red has more speed than violet.
(iii) The deviation through a prism is maximum when angle of incidence is

(a) 45° (b) 70°
(c) 90° (d) 60°
(iv) What is the deviation produced by a prism of angle 6°? (Refractive index of the material of the
prism is 1.644).
(a) 3.864° (b) 4.595°
(c) 7.259° (d) 1.252°
(v) A ray of light falling at an angle of 50° is refracted through a prism and suffers minimum deviation.
If the angle of prism is 60°, then the angle of minimum deviation is
(a) 45° (b) 75°
(c) 50° (d) 40°
SECTION-E
31. State the working of AC generator with the help of a labelled diagram.
The coil of an AC generator having N turns, each of area A, is rotated with a constant angular velocity
ω Deduce the expression for the alternating emf generated in the coil.
What is the source of energy generation in this device?
O
Draw a labelled diagram of a step-down transformer. State the principle of its working. Express the turn
ratio in terms of voltages.
Find the ratio of primary and secondary currents in terms of turn ratio in an ideal transformer.
How much current is drawn by the primary of a transformer connected to 220 V supply when it delivers
power to a 100 V - 500 W refrigerator?
32. For a nuclear reaction A + b " c + d , the Q -value is defined as Q [mA - mb - md ] c2 . A radioactive nuclear
11 +
6 C " 5 B + e + v ; T1/2
11 = 20.3 minutes. The maximum energy emitted by positron is 0.960 MeV. following
values are given-
m^116 C h = 11.011434u , m^115 B h = 11.009305u, mc = 0.000548u . Evaluate Q -value of this reaction and
compare it with maximum Energy Emitted by Positron.
O
(i) Write three characteristic properties of nuclear force.
(ii) Draw a plot of potential energy of a pair of nucleons as a function of their separation. Write two
important conclusions that can be drawn from the graph.
33. 1. Obtain the formula for the power loss (i.e. power dissipated) in a conductor of resistance R carrying
a current.
2. Two heating elements of resistances R1 and R2 when operated at a constant supply of voltage V ,
consume powers P1 and P2 , respectively. Deduce the expressions for the power of their combination
when they are in turn, connected in
(a) Series and
(b) Parallel across their same voltage supply.
O
Use Kirchhoff’s laws to determine the value of current I1 in the given electrical circuit.
******
Sample Paper 15
Class XII 2024-25
Physics
i. c = 3 # 108 m/s
ii. me = 9.1 # 10−31 kg
iii. e = 1.6 # 10−19 C
iv. µ 0 = 4π # 10−7 TmA−1
v. h = 6.63 # 10−34 Js
vi. ε 0 = 8.854 # 10−12 C2 N−1 m−2
SECTION-A
1. A wire of magnetic dipole moment M and L is bent into shape of a semicircle of radius r . What will be
its new dipole moments?
(a) M (b) M
2π
(c) M (d) M2
π π
2. A charged ball B hangs from a silk thread S , which makes an angle θ with a large charged conducting
sheet P , as shown in the figure. The surface charge density σ of the sheet is proportional to
(a) sin θ (b) cos θ

(c) tan θ (d) cot θ
3. Magnetic field due to a long straight conductor of length l , carrying current I, at a point, distance d from
it, is given by
µ µ
(a) B = 0 # 2I (b) B = 0 # I
4π d 4π d
µ0 2I µ0 2I
(c) B = (d) B =
4π # d 2 π # d
4. A rectangular coil ABCD is rotated anticlockwise with a uniform angular velocity about the axis shown
in the figure. Initially, the axis of rotation of the coil as well as the magnetic field B were horizontal. The
induced E.M.F. in the coil would be maximum when plane of the coil
(a) is horizontal.
(b) is at right angle to the magnetic field.
(c) makes an angle of 30c with the horizontal.
(d) makes an angle of 45c with the direction of magnetic field.
5. The variation of voltage V and current I in a conductor is given below. The resistance of the conductor is
(a) 1 Ω (b) 2 Ω
(c) 3 Ω (d) 4 Ω
6. The unit of ratio of magnetic field, B and electrical field, E (B/E) is

(a) ms-1 (b) sm-1
(c) ms (d) m-2
7. A current passing through a circular coil of two turns produces a magnetic field of 8 T at its centre. The
coil is then rewound, so as to have four turns and current is passed through it is doubled. Now magnetic
field at the centre of the coil will be
(a) 64 T (b) 32 T
(c) 16 T (d) 8 T
8. A diffraction pattern is obtained by using a beam of red light. What happens, if the red light is replaced
by blue light?
(a) no change
(b) diffraction bands disappear
(c) diffraction bands become broader and farther apart
(d) diffraction bands become narrower and crowded together
9. The esnergy E of a hydrogen atom with principal quantum no. n is given by E = − 13n.6 eV .2
The energy ejected when the electron jumps from n = 3 state to n = 2 state of hydrogen is approximately
(a) 0.85 eV (b) 1.5 eV
(c) 1.9 eV (d) 3.4 eV
10. If 125 water drops of equal radius and equal capacitance C, coalesce to form a single drop of capacitance
Cl the relation between C and Cl is
(a) C l = C (b) C l = 5C
(c) C l = 125C (d) C l = 250C
11. The magnetic flux through a circuit of resistance R changes by an amount Tφ in a time Tt . The total
electric charge Q that passes any point in the circuit during the time Tt is represented by
Tφ Tφ
(a) Q = (b) Q =
Tt R
Tφ Tφ
(c) Q = R $ (d) Q = 1 $
Tt R Tt
12. A parallel plate capacitor is made by stacking n equally spaced plates connected alternatively. If capacitance
between any two adjacent plates is C , then the resultant capacitance is
(a) C (b) nC
(c) (n - 1)C (d) (n + 1)C
13. Assertion : The resistivity of a semi-conductor increases with temperature.

Reason : The atoms of semi-conductor vibrate with larger amplitude as higher temperatures thereby
increasing its resistivity.
14. Assertion : Kinetic energy of photo electrons emitted by a photosensitive surface depends upon the
intensity of incident photon.
Reason : The ejection of electrons from metallic surface is possible with frequency of incident photon
below the threshold frequency.
15. Assertion : When tiny circular obstacle is placed in the path of light from some distance, a bright spot is
seen at the centre of the shadow of the obstacle.
Reason : Destructive interference occurs at the centre of the shadow.
16. Assertion : The depletion layer in the p-n junction is free from mobile charge carriers.
Reason : There is no electric field across the junction barrier.
SECTION-B
17. The radii of curvature of both the surfaces of a lens are equal. If one of the surfaces is made plane by
grinding then will the focal length of lens change? Will the power change?
18. Alloys of metals have greater resistivity than their constituent metals. Why?
19. Write any two properties of X -rays.
O
Draw energy band diagram of n -typed and p -typed semiconductor at temperature T 2 0 K . Mark the
21. Explain briefly how electromagnetic waves are produced by an oscillating charge. How is the frequency of
electromagnetic waves produced related to that of the oscillating charge?
SECTION-C
22. Compare the electric fields due to a monopole (single charge) and dipole.
23. The ground state energy of hydrogen atom is - 13.6 eV . If an electron makes a transition from an energy
level - 0.85 eV to - 3.4 eV , calculate the wavelength of the spectral line emitted. To which series of
hydrogen spectrum does this wavelength belong?
24. Define magnetic field in terms of the force on a moving charge. Hence define one tesla.
25. Define resolving power of an optical instrument. How does it depend on wavelength?
26. Write down the equation of induced current at any instant in L-C-R circuit when XL > XC or circuit is
inductive.
27. Explain briefly the reasons why wave theory of light is not able to explain the observed features of photo-
electric effect.
O
The following graph shows the variation of stopping potential Vs with the frequency (v) of the incident
radiation for two photosensitive metals X and Y .
(i) Which of the metals has larger threshold wavelength? Give reason.
(ii) Explain giving reason which metal gives out electrons having larger kinetic energy, for the same
wavelength of the incident radiation.
(iii) If the distance between the light source and metal X is halved, what will be the kinetic energy of
electrons emitted due to this change? Give reason.
28. There are two coils A and B separated by some distance. If a current of 2A flows through A , a magnetic
flux of 10-2 Wb passes through B (no current through B) . If no current passes through A and a current
of 1 A passes through B , What is the flux through A ?
SECTION-D
29. Solar cell is a p-n junction diode which converts solar energy into electric energy. It is basically a solar
energy converter. The upper layer of solar cell is of p-type semiconductor and very thin so that the
incident light photons may easily reach the p-n junction. On the top face of p-layer, the metal finger
electrodes are prepared in order to have enough spacing between the fingers for the lights to reach the p-n
junction through p-layer.
(i) The schematic symbol of solar cell is
(ii) The p-n junction which generates an emf when solar radiations fall an it, with no external bias
applied, is a
(a) light emitting diode (b) photo-diode
(c) solar cell (d) None of these
(iii) For satellites the source of energy is

(a) Solar cell (b) Fuel cell
(c) Edison cell (d) None of these
(iv) Which of the following material is used in solar cell?

(a) Barium (b) Silicon
(c) Silver (d) Selenium
O
The efficiency of a solar cell may be in the range
(a) 2 to 5%
(b) 10 to 15%
(c) 30 to 40%
(d) 70 to 80%
30. Power (P) of a lens is given by reciprocal of focal length (f) of the lens i.e., P = 1 , where f is in metre
f
and P is in dioptre.For a convex lens, power is positive and for a concave lens, power is negative. When
a number of thin lenses of powers P1 , P2 , P3 ,.....are held in contact with one another, the power of the
combination is given by algebraic sum of the powers of all the lenses i.e., P = P1 + P2 + P3 + ...
(i) A convex and a concave lens separated by distance d are then put in contact. The focal length of
the combination
(a) becomes (b) remains the same
(c) decreases (d) increases
(ii) If two lenses of power +1.5 D and +1.0 D are placed in contact, then the effective power of
combination will be
(a) 2.5 D (b) 1.5 D
(c) 0.5 D (d) 3.25 D
(iii) If the power of a lens is +5 dioptre, what is the focal length of the lens ?
(a) 10 cm (b) 20 cm
(c) 15 cm (d) 5 cm
(iv) Two thin lenses of focal lengths +10 cm and –5 cm are kept in contact. The power of the combination
is
(a) –10 D (b) –20 D
(c) 10 D (d) 15 D
O
A convex lens of focal length 25 cm is placed coaxially in contact with a concave lens of focal length
20 cm. The system will be
(a) converging in nature (b) diverging in nature
(c) can be converging or diverging (d) None of the above
SECTION-E
31. In a metre bridge experiment, null point is contained at 20 cm from one end of the wire when resistance
X is balanced against another resistance Y . If X < Y , then where will be the new position of the null
point from the same end, if one decides to balance a resistance of 4 X against Y ?
O
(i) Define the term drift velocity.
(ii) On the basis of electron drift, derive an expression for resistivity of an conductor in terms of
number density of free electrons and relaxation time. On what factors does resistivity of a conductor
depend?
(iii) Why alloys like constantan and manganin are used for making standard resistors?
32. Find an expression for capacity of a parallel plate capacitor with compound dielectric.
O
Derive an expression for the capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor. If a compound dielectric medium is
introduced between the plates of the capacitor, how will the capacitance of the capacitor change?
33. How are wavefront and secondary wavelets defined? Verify laws of reflection or laws of refraction on the
basis of Huygen’s wave theory.
O
Explain Huygens principle of secondary wavelets and on the basis of this principle establish the law of
Refraction ‘OR’ reflection.
******
Sample Paper 16
Class XII 2024-25
Physics
i. c = 3 # 108 m/s
ii. me = 9.1 # 10−31 kg
iii. e = 1.6 # 10−19 C
iv. µ 0 = 4π # 10−7 TmA−1
v. h = 6.63 # 10−34 Js
vi. ε 0 = 8.854 # 10−12 C2 N−1 m−2
SECTION-A
1. If a circuit consists of inductance L , capacitance C and resistance R , then the resonant frequency of an
LCR-circuit is
(a) π LC (b) 2π LC
(c) 2π 1 (d) 1
LC 2π LC
2. When a charged particle moves perpendicular to a magnetic field, then

(a) Speed of the particle is changed
(b) Speed of the particle remains unchanged
(c) Direction of the particle remains unchanged
(d) Acceleration of the particle remains unchanged
3. A parallel plate capacitor with oil between the plates (dielectric constant of oil K = 2 ) has a capacitance
C . If the oil is removed, then capacitance of the capacitor becomes
(a) 2C (b) 2C
(c) C (d) C
2 2
4. If red and violet light rays are of focal lengths fR and fV , then which of the following is true relationship?
(a) l R < lV (b) µR < µV
(c) µR > µV (d) l R # lV
5. Huygen’s wave theory of light can not explain

(a) Diffraction (b) Interference
(c) Polarisation (d) Photoelectric effect
6. Which series comes in visible region of hydrogen spectrum?

(a) Lyman series (b) Balmer series
(c) Paschen series (d) Bracket series
7. The mutual inductance, when the magnetic flux changes by 5 # 10-2 Wb and current change by 0.01 A , is
(a) 0.2 H (b) 2.5 H
(c) 5 H (d) 10 H
8. The electric field at a point near an infinite thin sheet of charged conductor is
(a) ε 0 σ (b) σ
ε0
(c) σ 1
(d) σε 0
2ε 0 2
9. Which radiation in sunlight, causes heating effect?

(a) Ultra violet (b) Infra-red
(c) Visible light (d) All of these
10. Which of the following is an example for diamagnetic substances?

(a) Copper (b) Nickel
(c) Aluminum (d) Iron
11. A 100 W, 200 V bulb is connected to a 160 volts supply. The actual power consumption would be
(a) 64 W (b) 80 W
(c) 100 W (d) 125 W
12. Which one of following is charge less?

(a) Alpha particle (b) Beta particle
(c) Photon particle (d) Proton
13. Assertion : Thin films such a soap bubble or a thin layer of oil on water show beautiful colours when
illuminated by white light.
Reason : It happens due to the interference of light reflected from the upper surface of the thin film.
14. Assertion : Diamond glitters brilliantly.

Reason : Diamond does not absorb sunlight.
15. Assertion : The true geographic north direction is found by using a compass needle.
Reason : The magnetic meridian of the earth is along the axis of rotation of the earth.
16. Assertion (A) : If the distance between parallel pates of a capacitor is halved and dielectric constant is
made three times, then the capacitance becomes six times.
Reason (R) : Capacitance of the capacitor does not depend upon the nature of the material of the plates.
SECTION-B
17. Define Capacitor reactance. Write its SI units.
18. Define potential gradient. Give its units.
19. Why is ferromagnetism not found in liquids and gases?
20. How does focal length of a lens change when red light incident on it is replaced by violet light? Give reason
for your answer.
O
Explain the brilliance of a diamond.

21. Define the dielectric constant of a medium. What is its unit?
SECTION-C
22. State the law of conservation of charge. Give two examples to illustrate it.
23. Write an expression for the maximum kinetic energy acquired by charged particles accelerated by a
cyclotron.
24. A ray PQ incident on the refracting face BA is refracted in the prism BAC as shown in the figure and
emerges from the other refracting face AC as RS such that AQ = AR . If angle of prism A = 60c and
refractive index of material of prism is 3 , calculate angle θ.
25. What is the ratio of radii of the orbits corresponding to first excited state and ground state, in a hydrogen
atom?
26. (i) What characteristic property of nuclear force explains the constancy of binding energy per nucleon
(BE/A) in the range of mass number. ‘A’....lying 30 1 A 1 170 ?
(ii) Show that the density of nucleus over a wide range of nuclei is constant independent of mass number
A.
27. Define resolving power of a telescope. On what factors does it depend?

O
Show that maximum intensity in interference pattern is four times the intensity due to each slit. Hence
show that interference involves only redistribution of energy.

SECTION-D
29. Motion of Charged Particle in Uniform Electric Field.When a charged particle is placed in an electric field,
it experiences an electrical force. If this is the only force on the particle, it must be the net force. The net
force will cause the particle to accelerate according to Newton’s second law. So
Fve = qEv = mav
If Ev is uniform, then av is constant and av = qEv/m . If the particle has a positive charge, its acceleration
is in the direction of the field. If the particle has a negative charge, its acceleration is in the direction
opposite to the electric field. Since the acceleration is constant, the kinematic equations can be used.
(i) An electron of mass m, charge e falls through a distance h metre in a uniform electric field E. Then
time of fall,
(a) t = 2hm
eE
(b) t = 2hm
eE
(c) t = 2eE
hm
(d) t = 2eE
hm
(ii) An electron moving with a constant velocity v along X-axis enters a uniform electric field applied
along Y-axis. Then the electron moves
(a) with uniform acceleration along Y-axis
(b) without any acceleration along Y-axis
(c) in a trajectory represented as y = ax2
(d) in a trajectory represented as y = ax
(iii) Two equal and opposite charges of masses m1 and m2 are accelerated in an uniform electric field
through the same distance. What is the ratio of their accelerations if their ratio of masses is
m1 = 0.5 ?
m2
(a) a1 = 2
a2
(b) a1 = 0.5
a2
(c) a1 = 3
a2
(d) a1 = 1
a2
(iv) A particle of mass m carrying charge q is kept at rest in a uniform electric field E and then released.
The kinetic energy gained by the particle, when it moves through a distance y is
(a) 1 qEy2
2
(b) qEy
(c) qEy2
(d) qE 2 y
O
A charged particle is free to move in an electric field. It will travel
(a) always along a line of force
(b) along a line of force, if its initial velocity is zero
(c) along a line of force, if it has some initial velocity in the direction of an acute angle with the line of
force
(d) none of these.
30. Huygen’s principle is the basis of wave theory of light. Each point on a wavefront acts as a fresh source of
new disturbance, called secondary waves or wavelets. The secondary wavelets spread out in all directions
with the speed light in the given medium. An initially parallel cylindrical beam travels in a medium of
refractive index µÎ h = µ0 + µ2 I , where µ 0 and µ 2 are positive constants and I is the intensity of the light
beam. The intensity of the beam is decreasing with increasing radius.
(i) The initial shape of the wavefront of the beam is

(a) planar
(b) convex
(c) concave
(d) convex near the axis and concave near the periphery
(ii) According to Huygens Principle, the surface of constant phase is

(a) called an optical ray
(b) called a wave
(c) called a wavefront
(d) always linear in shape
(iii) As the beam enters the medium, it will

(a) travel as a cylindrical beam
(b) diverge
(c) converge
(d) diverge near the axis and converge near the periphery.
(iv) Two plane wavefronts of light, one incident on a thin convex lens and another on the refracting face
of a thin prism. After refraction at them, the emerging wavfronts respectively become
(a) plane wavefront and plane wavefront
(b) plane wavefront and spherical wavefront
(c) spherical wavefront and plane wavefront
(d) spherical wavefront and spherical wavefront
O
Which of the following phenomena support the wave theory of light?
1. Scattering
2. Interference
3. Diffraction
4. Velocity of light in a denser medium is less than the velocity of light in the rarer medium
(a) 1, 2, 3
(b) 1, 2, 4
(c) 2, 3, 4
(d) 1, 3, 4

SECTION-E
31. What are energy bands in solids ? How are semiconductors, insulators and conductors classified on the
basis of band theory?
O
Using Kirchhoff’s rule in the given circuit, determine (i) the voltage drop across the unknown resistor R
and (ii) the current I in the arm EF .
32. Describe the various experiments performed by Faraday and Henry which ultimately led to the discovery
of the phenomenon of electromagnetic induction.
O
A rectangular coil of 300 turns has an area of 25 cm . The coil rotates with a speed of 50 c.p.s. in a uniform
magnetic field of 4 # 10-2 T , about an axis perpendicular to the field. What is the value of peak induced
E.M.F. in it?
33. What is an electromagnetic wave? How can we express mathematically a plane electromagnetic wave
propagating along X-axis? Also represent it graphically.
O
What is electromagnetic spectrum? Draw a sketch of electromagnetic spectrum indicating the frequency
and wavelength ranges of its different parts.
******
Sample Paper 17
Class XII 2024-25
Physics
i. c = 3 # 108 m/s
ii. me = 9.1 # 10−31 kg
iii. e = 1.6 # 10−19 C
iv. µ 0 = 4π # 10−7 TmA−1
v. h = 6.63 # 10−34 Js
vi. ε 0 = 8.854 # 10−12 C2 N−1 m−2
SECTION-A
1. Which nature of the wave-front is associated with a parallel beam of light?
(a) Plane (b) Spherical
(c) Cylindrical (d) All of these
2. A sheet of aluminium foil of negligible thickness is introduced between the plates of a capacitor. The
capacitance of the capacitor
(a) Increases (b) Decreases
(c) Becomes infinite (d) Remains unchanged
3. In a series LCR-circuit, resistance R = 10 Ω and the impedance Z = 20 Ω . The phase difference between
the current and the voltage is
(a) 30c (b) 45c
(c) 60c (d) 90c
4. Which series of hydrogen spectrum does not lie in infrared region?

(a) Humphreys series (b) Pfund series
(c) Bracket series (d) Lyman series
5. A point object is placed at the centre of a glass sphere of radius 6 cm and refractive index 1.5. The
distance of the virtual image from the surface of the sphere is
(a) 2 cm (b) 4 cm
(c) 6 cm (d) 12 cm
6. A toroid has a core of inner radius 20 cm and outer radius 22 cm around which 4200 turns of a wire are
wound. If current in the wire is 10 A , then magnetic field inside the core of toroid is
(a) 0.01 T (b) 0.02 T
(c) 0.04 T (d) 0.08 T
7. Which of the following is/are not electromagnetic waves?

(a) β -rays (b) X-rays
(c) cosmic rays (d) both a and b
8. The current flowing through a lamp, marked as 60 W and 240 V is

(a) 0.25 A (b) 1 A
(c) 2.5 A (d) 5 A
9. The mutual inductance of two coils can be increased by

(a) increasing the length of coils (b) increasing the no. of turns in the coils
(c) winding the coils on wooden cores (d) decreasing the no. of turns in the coils
10. If a material, placed in a magnetic field is thrown out of it, then the material is
(a) Diamagnetic (b) Paramagnetic
(c) Ferromagnetic (d) Non-magnetic
11. The energy of emitted photo electron depends upon

(a) Intensity of light (b) Wavelength of light
(c) Work-function of metal (d) None of these
12. The S.I. unit of electric field Ev is

(a) Cm-2 (b) NC-1
(c) Am (d) Vm-1
13. Assertion : In a movie, ordinarily 24 frames are projected per second from one end to the other of the
complete film.
Reason : The image formed on retina of eye is sustained upto 1/10 second after the removal of stimulus.

14. Assertion : When tiny circular obstacle is placed in the path of light from some distance, a bright spot is
seen at the centre of the shadow of the obstacle.
Reason : Destructive interference occurs at the centre of the shadow.
15. Assertion : In high latitudes one sees colourful curtains of light hanging down from high altitudes.
Reason : The high energy charged particles from the sum are deflected to polar regions by the magnetic
field of the earth.
16. Assertion (A) : Circuits containing capacitors should be handled cautiously even when there is no current.
Reason (R) : The capacitors are very delicate and so quickly breakdown.
SECTION-B
17. Define uniform magnetic field. How is it represented geometrically?
18. Alloys of metals have greater resistivity than their constituent metals. Why?
19. Why is the use of AC voltage preferred over DC voltage? Give two reasons.
20. The refractive index of diamond is much greater than that of glass. How does a diamond cutter make use
of that fact?
O
What do you mean by refraction of light?
21. Distinguish between a dielectric and a conductor.

SECTION-C
22. Draw a ray diagram to show the image formation by a concave mirror. When the object is kept between
its forms and the pole. Using this diagram. Derive the magnification formula for the image formed.
23. Find the ratio of energies of photons produced due to transition of an electron of hydrogen atom from its
(i) second permitted energy level to the first permitted level and
(ii) the highest permitted energy level to the first permitted level.
25. Write an expression for the maximum kinetic energy acquired by charged particles accelerated by a
cyclotron.
26. What so you mean by Nuclear Fission?
27. Two sources of intensity l1 and l2 undergo interference in Young’s double slit experiment. Show that
l
l = ^ aa +− aa h2 , where a1 and a2 are the amplitudes of disturbance of two sources S1 and S2 .
max
min
1
1
2
2
O
What will happen if Young’s double slit experiment is performed in water?
28. Distinguish between conductors and insulators. Give examples.
SECTION-D
29. In 1909, Robert Millikan was the first to find the charge of an electron in his now-famous oil-drop
experiment. In that experiment, tiny oil drops were sprayed into a uniform electric field between a
horizontal pair of oppositely charged plates. The drops were observed with a magnifying eyepiece, and the
electric field was adjusted so that the upward force on some negatively charged oil drops was just sufficient
to balance the downward force of gravity. That is, when suspended, upward force qE just equalled Mg.
Millikan accurately measured the charges on many oil drops and found the values to be whole number
multiples of 1.6 # 10-19 C the charge of the electron. For this, he won the Nobel prize.
(i) If a drop of mass 1.08 # 10-14 kg remains stationary in an electric field of 1.68 # 105 NC-1 , then the
charge of this drop is
(a) 6.40 # 10-19 C
(b) 3.2 # 10-19 C
(c) 1.6 # 10-19 C
(d) 4.8 # 10-19 C
(ii) Extra electrons on this particular oil drop (given the presently known charge of the electron) are
(a) 4 (b) 3
(c) 5 (d) 8
(iii) A negatively charged oil drop is prevented from falling under gravity by applying a vertical electric field
100 Vm–1. If the mass of the drop is 1.6 # 10-3 g , the number of electrons carried by the drop is (g =
10 m s–2)
(a) 1018 (b) 1015
(c) 10 12
(d) 109
(iv) The important conclusion given by Millikan’s experiment about the charge is
(a) charge is never quantized
(b) charge has no definite value
(c) charge is quantized
(d) charge on oil drop always increases.
O
If in Millikan’s oil drop experiment, charges on drops are found to be 8 µC, 12 µC, 20 µC, then quanta
of charge is
(a) 8 µC (b) 20 µC
(c) 12 µC (d) 4 µC
30. Wavefront is a locus of points which vibration in same phase. A ray of light is perpendicular to the
wavefront. According to Huygens principle, each point of the wavefront is the source of a secondary
disturbance and the wavelets connecting from these points spread out in all directions with the speed of
wave. The figure shows a surface XY separating two transparent media, medium –1 and medium –2. The
lines ab and cd represent wavefronts of a light wave travelling in medium –1 and incident on XY. The lines
ef and gh represent wavefronts of the light wave in medium –2 after refraction.
(i) Light travels as a

(a) parallel beam in each medium
(b) convergent beam in each medium
(c) divergent beam in each medium
(d) divergent beam in one medium and convergent beam in the other medium.
(ii) The phases of the light wave at c, d, e and f are φ c , φ d , φ e and φ f respectively. It is given that
fc ! f f
(a) φ c cannot be equal to φ d
(b) φ d can be equal to φ e
(c) ^f d - f f h is equal to ^f c - f e h
(d) ^f d - f c h is not equal to ^f f - f e h
(iii) Wavefront is the locus of all points, where the particles of the medium vibrate with the same
(a) phase (b) amplitude
(c) frequency (d) period
(iv) A point source that emits waves uniformly in all directions, produces wavefronts that are
(a) spherical (b) elliptical
(c) cylindrical (d) planar
O
What are the types of wavefronts ?
(a) Spherical (b) Cylindrical
(c) Plane (d) All of these
SECTION-E
31. Is a displacement current associated with a magnetic field? Or, can a changing electric flux induce a
magnetic field? Explain it with the help of an example.
O
A parallel plate capacitor consists of two circular plates each of radius 2 cm separated by distance of 0.1
mm. If rate of change of potential difference is 5 # 1013 V-s-1 , Find out the value of displacement current ?
32. What is rectifier ? How a p -n junction diode can be used in (1) forward biased and (2) reverse biased
mode ? Draw a labelled V -I characteristic of p - n junction diode on a graph.
O
Draw the necessary energy band diagrams to distinguish between conductors, semiconductors and
insulators. How does the change in temperature affect the behaviour of these materials? Explain briefly.
33. Define self-inductance of a coil. Obtain the expression for the energy stored in an inductor L connected
across a source of emf.
O
2
A circular ring of area of 0.5 m is situated in a non-uniform magnetic field of 4T changing in 2 s and
making an angle of 60c with the magnetic field. What is the magnitude of the induced E.M.F.?
******
Sample Paper 18
Class XII 2024-25
Physics
i. c = 3 # 108 m/s
ii. me = 9.1 # 10−31 kg
iii. e = 1.6 # 10−19 C
iv. µ 0 = 4π # 10−7 TmA−1
v. h = 6.63 # 10−34 Js
vi. ε 0 = 8.854 # 10−12 C2 N−1 m−2
SECTION-A
1. The value of 1 MeV is
(a) 1.6 # 10-19 J (b) 1.6 # 10-16 J
(c) 1.6 # 10-13 J (d) 1.6 # 10-11 J
2. Absorbed electrical energy is

(a) Proportional to the potential difference
(b) Inversely proportional to the potential difference
(c) Proportional to the square of the potential difference
(d) None of these
3. The AC voltage across a resistance can be measured using a

(a) Potentiometer
(b) Hot-wire voltmeter
(c) Moving-coil galvanometer
(d) Moving-magnet galvanometer

4. An increase in the conduction band increases conductivity of the metal. A proton moving with a velocity
2.5 # 107 ms-1 , enters a magnetic field of intensity 2.5 T at an angle 30c with the magnetic field. The
force on the proton is
(a) 3 # 10-12 N (b) 5 # 10-12 N
(c) 6 # 10-12 N (d) 9 # 10-12 N
5. The best material for the core of a transformer is

(a) soft iron (b) mild steel
(c) hard steel (d) stainless steel
6. A bar magnet is equivalent to a current-carrying

(a) torroid (b) solenoid
(c) circular oil (d) straight conductor
7. Which of the following electromagnetic waves have the smallest wavelength?

(a) γ -rays (b) X-rays
(c) UV waves (d) infra-red rays
8. Faraday’s laws are the consequence of the conservation of

(a) charge (b) energy
(c) magnetic field (d) both (b) and (c)
9. Three capacitors each of capacity C are connected in series. The resultant capacity will be
(a) 3C (b) 3/C
(c) C/3 (d) 1/3C
10. The state of energy of the valence electrons, when the temperature is raised or when electric field is
applied, is called
(a) valence band (b) conduction band
(c) forbidden band (d) none of these
11. Which of the following is/are not electromagnetic waves?

(a) β -rays (b) X-rays
(c) cosmic rays (d) both a and b
12. The specific charge of electron is
(a) 1.8 # 10-11 C/kg (b) 1.8 # 10-19 C/kg

(c) 1.9 # 10-19 C/kg (d) none of these

13. Assertion : In electric circuits, wires carrying currents in opposite directions are often twisted together.
Reason : If the wires are not twisted together, the combination of the wires forms a current loop, the
magnetic field generated by the loop might affect adjacent circuits or components.
14. Assertion : Diamagnetic materials can exhibit magnetism.

Reason : Diamagnetic materials have permanent magnetic dipole moment.
15. Assertion : In series LCR circuit resonance can take place.

Reason : Resonance takes place if inductance and capacitive resistances are equal and opposite.
16. Assertion (A) : If optical density of a substance is more than that of water, then the mass density of
substance can be less than water.
Reason (R) : Optical density and mass density are not related.
SECTION-B
17. If the horizontal and Vertical components of the earth’s magnetic field are equal at a certain place, what
would be the angle of dip at the place?
18. Explain briefly how electromagnetic waves are produced by an oscillating charge. How is the frequency of
electromagnetic waves produced related to that of the oscillating charge?
19. For the same value of angle of incidence, the angles of refraction in three media A, B and C are 15c, 25c
and 35c respectively. In which medium, would the velocity of light be minimum?
20. Draw the magnetic field lines due to a current carrying loop.
21. State the principle of superposition of waves.
O
What happens to fringe width, when the separation between the slits as well as distance of the screen
from the slit are halved?
SECTION-C
22. Give two advantages of LED’s over the conventional incandescent lamps.
23. Explain, with the help of a circuit diagram, the working of a p - n junction diode as a half-wave rectifier.
24. Two copper spheres of radii r1 and r2 having charges q1 and q2 are connected by means of a wire. What is
the electric conditions that no charge flows between them?
25. Conduction and displacement currents are individually discontinuous, but their sum is continuous.
26. How does the surface of the earth appear to a fish or a person sitting inside clear water?
O
Explain how is fission an enormous source of energy per nuclear fission is about 200 MeV.
28. What is the ratio of radii of the orbits corresponding to first excited state and ground state, in a hydrogen
atom?

SECTION-D
29. The potential barrier in the p-n junction diode is the barrier in which the charge requires additional force
for crossing the region. In other words, the barrier in which the charge carrier stopped by the obstructive
force is known as the potential barrier.
When a p-type semiconductor is brought into a close contact with n-type semiconductor, we get a p-n
junction with a barrier potential 0.4 V and width of depletion region is 4.0 # 10-7 m . This p-n junction
is forward biased with a battery of voltage 3 V and negligible internal resistance, in series with a resistor
of resistance R, ideal millimeter and key K as shown in figure. When key is pressed, a current of 20 mA
passes through the diode.
(i) The intensity of the electric field in the depletion region when p-n junction is unbiased is
(a) 0.5 # 106 Vm-1

(b) 1.0 # 106 Vm-1
(c) 2.0 # 106 Vm-1

(d) 1.5 # 106 Vm-1
(ii) The resistance of resistor R is

(a) 150 Ω
(b) 300 Ω
(c) 130 Ω
(d) 180 Ω
(iii) In a p-n junction, the potential barrier is due to the charges on either side of the junction, these
charges are
(a) majority carriers
(b) minority carriers
(c) both (a) and (b)
(d) fixed donor and acceptor ions
(iv) If the voltage of the potential barrier is V0 . A voltage V is applied to the input, at what moment
will the barrier disappear?
(a) V < V0
(b) V = V0
(c) V > V0
(d) V << V0
O
If an electron with speed 4.0 # 105 ms-1 approaches the p-n junction from the n-side, the speed with which
it will enter the p-side is
(a) 1.39 # 105 ms-1
(b) 2.78 # 105 ms-1
(c) 1.39 # 106 ms-1
(d) 2.78 # 106 ms-1
30. If double slit apparatus is immersed in a liquid of refractive index, µ the wavelength of light reduces to λl’
β
and fringe width also reduces to βl = .The given figure shows a double-slit experiment in which coherent
µ
monochromatic light of wavelength λ from a distant source is incident upon the two slits, each of width
w ^w >> λh and the interference pattern is viewed on a distant screen. A thin piece of glass of thickness
t and refractive index n is placed between one of the slit and the screen, perpendicular to the light path.
(i) In Young’s double slit interference pattern, the fringe width

(a) can be changed only by changing the wavelength of incident light
(b) can be changed only by changing the separation between the two slits
(c) can be changed either by changing the wavelength or by changing the separation between two
sources
(d) is a universal constant and hence cannot be changed

(ii) If the width w of one of the slits is increased to 2w, the become the amplitude due to slit
(a) 1.5a
(b) a/2
(c) 2a
(d) no change
(iii) In YDSE, let A and B be two slits. Films of thicknesses tA and tB and refractive indices mA and mB
are placed in front of A and B, respectively. If µA tA = µB tB , then the central maxima will
(a) Not shift
(b) Shift towards A
(c) Shift towards B
(d) Shift towards A if tB = tA and shift towards B if tB < tA
(iv) In Young’s double slit experiment, a third slit is made in between the double slits. Then
(a) Fringes of unequal width are formed
(b) Contrast between bright and dark fringes is reduced
(c) Intensity of fringes totally disappears
(d) Only bright light is observed on the screen.
O
In Young’s double slit experiment, if one of the slits is covered with a microscope cover slip, then
(a) Fringe pattern disappears
(b) The screen just gets illuminated
(c) In the fringe pattern, the brightness of the bright fringes will decreases and the dark fringes will
become more dark
(d) Bright fringes will be more bright and dark fringes will become more dark.
SECTION-E
31. 1. State and explain Superposition Principle.
2. Find an expression for the total force acting on a given charge due to a number of other charges,
when the source charges are point charges.
O
Q
A thin metallic spherical shell of radium R carries a charge Q on its surface. A point charge is placed
2
at the centres C and other charge + 2Q is placed outside the shell at A at a distance X from the centre
as shown in the figure.
(i) Find the electric flux through the shell.

(ii) State the law used.
(iii) Find the force on the charges at the centre C of the shell and at the point A.
32. What is the energy level diagram for an atom? Calculate the energies of the various energy levels of a
hydrogen atom and draw and energy level diagram for it.
O
In the ground state of hydrogen atom, its Bohr radius is given as 5.3 # 10-11 m . The atom is excited such
that the radius becomes 21.2 # 10-11 m . Find:
1. The value of the principal quantum number.
2. Total energy of the atom in this excited state.
33. Sketch the magnetic lines of force of straight current carrying conductor. State the rules used to find the
direction of this magnetic field.
O
Derive an expression for the force per unit length between two long straight parallel current carrying
conductors. Hence define SI unit of current (ampere).
******
Sample Paper 19
Class XII 2024-25
Physics
i. c = 3 # 108 m/s
ii. me = 9.1 # 10−31 kg
iii. e = 1.6 # 10−19 C
iv. µ 0 = 4π # 10−7 TmA−1
v. h = 6.63 # 10−34 Js
vi. ε 0 = 8.854 # 10−12 C2 N−1 m−2
SECTION-A
1. If a current of 300 mA is flowing in a conductor, then the number of electrons passed through the
conductor in 4 min. is (Charge on an electron = 1.6 # 10−19 C )
(a) 4.5 # 1020 (b) 9.0 # 1020

(c) 4.5 # 1018 (d) 9.0 # 1018
2. Two point charge Q and - 2Q are placed at some distance apart. If the electric field at the location of Q
is E , then the electric field at the location of - 2Q will be
(a) - E (b) - 3E
2 2
(c) - E (d) - 2E
3. The total energy of an electron in the first excited state of hydrogen atom is about - 3.4 eV . Its kinetic
energy in this state is
(a) - 3.4 eV (b) 3.4 eV
(c) - 6.8 eV (d) 6.8 eV
4. The direction of null points are on the equatorial line of a bar magnet, when the north pole of the magnet
is pointing towards
(a) north (b) south

(c) east (d) west
5. The electric potential due to a small electric dipole at a large distance r from the center of the dipole is
proportional to
(a) r (b) 1
r
(c) 1 (d) 13
r2 r
6. Two thin, long, parallel wires, separated by a distance d carry a current of (i) A in the same direction.
They will
(a) attract each other with a force of µ 0 i2 / (2πd) (b) repel each other with a force of µ 0 i2 / (2πd)
(c) attract each other with a force of µ 0 i2 / (2πd 2) (d) repel each other with a force of µ 0 i2 / (2πd 2)
7. When a compact disc is illuminated by a source of white light, coloured lanes are observed. This is due to
(a) dispersion (b) diffraction
(c) interference (d) refraction
8. If a wire of length 2 m is moving with a velocity of 1 m-s-1 perpendicular to a magnetic field of 0.5 T,
then E.M.F. induced in the wire will be
(a) 0.2 V (b) 0.5 V
(c) 1 V (d) 2 V
9. There are n1 photons of frequency ν 1 in a beam of light. In an equally energetic beam, there are n2
photons of frequency ν 2 . Their correct relation is
(a) n1 = 1 (b) n1 = n 1
n2 n2 n 2
2
(c) n1 = n 2 (d) n1 = n 12
n2 n 1 n2 n 2
10. Two long straight parallel conductors separated by a distance of 0.5 m carry currents of 5 A and 8 A in
the same direction. The force per unit length experienced by each other is
(a) 1.6 # 10-5 N (attractive) (b) 1.6 # 10-5 N (repulsive)
(c) 16 # 10-5 N (attractive) (d) 16 # 10-5 N (repulsive)
11. An electromagnetic wave of frequency 3 MHz passes from vacuum into a medium with dielectric constant
k = 4 . Then
(a) both wavelength and frequency remain unchanged
(b) wavelength is doubled and frequency becomes half
(c) wavelength is halved and frequency remains unchanged
(d) wavelength is doubled and the frequency remains unchanged
12. A conducting rod of length 2l is rotating with a constant angular speed ω about its perpendicular bisector
as shown in the figure. A uniform magnetic field B exists parallel to the axis of rotation. The E.M.F.
induced between two ends of the rod is
(a) zero (b) Bωl 2
(c) 1 Bωl 2 (d) 1 Bωl 2

2 8
13. Assertion : Thin films such a soap bubble or a thin layer of oil on water show beautiful colours when
illuminated by white light.
Reason : It happens due to the interference of light reflected from the upper surface of the thin film.
14. Assertion : Mass of moving photon varies inversely as the wavelength.

Reason : Energy of the particle = mass # (speed of light)2
15. Assertion (A) : No two electric lines of force can intersect each other.
Reason (R) : Tangent at any point of electric line of force gives the direction of electric field.
16. Assertion : The value of current through p - n junction in the given figure will be 10 mA .
Reason : In the above figure, p -side is at higher potential than n -side.

SECTION-B
17. State two characteristic properties distinguishing behaviour of paramagnetic and diamagnetic materials.
18. A ray of light passes though an equilateral glass prism such that the angle of incidence is equal angle of
emergence and each of these angles is equal to 34 of angle of prism. What is the value of deviation?
19. What are isotones and isomers? Give suitable examples.
20. Distinguish between n -type and p -type semiconductors.

o
The graph shown in the figure represents a plot of current versus voltage for a given semiconductor.
Identify the region at which the semiconductor has a negative resistance.
21. How are electromagnetic waves produced? What is the source of energy of these waves? Write mathematical
expressions for electric and magnetic fields of an electromagnetic wave propagating along the z -axis.
Write any two important properties of electromagnetic waves.
SECTION-C
22. A metal rod makes contact and completes the circuit as shown in the figure. The direction of motion of
rod is perpendicular to the magnetic field of 0.5 T. If the resistance R is 2 Ω . What is the force needed to
move the rod as indicated with a constant velocity of 8 m-s-1 ?
23. An applied voltage signal consists of a superposition of a DC voltage of high frequency. The circuit
consists of an inductor and a capacitor in series. Show the DC signal will appear across C and the AC
voltage across L .
24. Draw the circuit diagram of a full-wave rectifier using p - n junction diode. Explain its working and show
the output input waveforms.
25. A hydrogen atom initially in its ground absorbs a photon and is in the excited state with energy 12.5
eV. Calculate the longest wavelength of the radiation emitted and identify the series to which it belongs.
[Take Rydberg constant R = 1.1 # 107 m−1]
26. How does a combination of lenses affect the size, position and nature of the image?
27. Describe the construction and work of a photocell (or photo-emissive cell).
O
The given graph shows the variation of photoelectric current I versus applied voltage V for two different
photosensitive materials and for two different intensities of the incident radiations. Identify the pairs of
curves that corresponds to different materials but same intensity of incident radiation.
28. State the factors on which the force acting on a charge moving in a magnetic field depends. Write the
expression for this force. When is this force minimum and maximum?
SECTION-D
29. Rectifier is a device which is used for converting alternating current or voltage into direct current or
voltage. Its working is based on the fact that the resistance of p-n junction becomes low when forward
biased and becomes high when reverse biased. A half-wave rectifier uses only a single diode while a full
wave rectifier uses two diodes as shown in figures (a) and (b).
V0
(i) If the rms value of sinusoidal input to a full wave rectifier is 2
then the rms value of the rectifier’s
output is
2
V0
(a) (b) V 0
2 2
2
(c) V 0 (d) 2 V 02
2
(ii) In the diagram, the input ac is across the terminals A and C. The output across B and D is
(a) same as the input (b) half wave rectified

(c) zero (d) full wave rectified
(iii) A bridge rectifier is shown in figure. Alternating input is given across A and C. If output is taken
across BD, then it is
(a) zero (b) same as input

(c) half wave rectified (d) full wave rectified
(iv) A p-n junction (D) shown in the figure can act as a rectifier. An alternating current source (V) is
connected in the circuit. The current (I) in the resistor (R) can be shown by
O
With an ac input from 50 Hz power line, the ripple frequency is

(a) 50 Hz in the dc output of half wave as well as full wave rectifier
(b) 100 Hz in the dc output of half wave as well as full wave rectifier
(c) 50 Hz in the dc output of half wave and 100 Hz in dc output of full wave rectifier
(d) 100 Hz in the dc output of half wave and 50 Hz in the dc output of full wave rectifier.
30. Total internal reflection is the phenomenon of reflection of light into denser medium at the interface of
denser medium with a rarer medium. For this phenomenon to occur necessary condition is that light must
travel from denser to rarer and angle of incidence in denser medium must be greater than critical angle
(C) for the pair of media in contact. Critical angle depends on nature of medium and wavelength of light.
We can show that µ = sinC 1
(i) Critical angle for glass air interface, where µ, of glass is 3/2, is
(a) 41.8° (b) 60°
(c) 30° (d) 15°
(ii) Critical angle for water air interface is 48.6°. What is the refractive index of water?
(a) 1 (b) 3/2
(c) 4/3 (d) 3/4
(iii) Critical angle for air water interface for violet colour is 49°. Its value for red colour would be
(a) 49° (b) 50°
(c) 48° (d) cannot say
(iv) Which of the following is not due to total internal reflection?

(a) Working of optical fibre.
(b) Difference between apparent and real depth of a pond.
(c) Mirage on hot summer days.
(d) Brilliance of diamond.
O
Critical angle of glass is θ 1 and that of water is θ 2 . The critical angle for water and glass surface would
be ( µ g = 3/2 , µ w = 4/3 ).
(a) less than θ 2 (b) between θ 1 and θ 2
(c) greater than θ 2 (d) less than θ 1
SECTION-E
31. Two uniformly large parallel thin plates having charge densities + σ and - σ are kept in the X - Z plane
at a distance d apart. Sketch and equipotential surface due to electric field between the plates. If a particle
of mass m and charge - q remains stationary between the plates, what is the magnitude and direction of
this field ?
o
Find the electric potential and then electric field due to an electric dipole by differential relationship
between field and potential.
32. Two wavelengths of sodium light 590 nm and 596 nm are used, in turn, to study the diffraction taking
place at a single slit of aperture 2 # 10-4 m . The distance between the slit and the screen is 1.5 m.
Calculate the separation between the positions of the first maxima of the diffraction pattern obtained in
the two cases.
o
(i) State the essential conditions for diffraction of light.
(ii) Explain diffraction of light due to a narrow single slit and the formation of pattern of fringes on the
screen.
(iii) Find the relation for width of central maximum in terms of wavelength λ , width of slit a , and
separation between slit and screen D .
(iv) If the width of the slit is made double the original width, how does it affect the size and intensity
of the central band?
33.
(i) Using Kirchhoff’s rules, calculate the current in the arm AC of the given circuit.
(ii) On what principle does the meter bridge work? Why are the metal strips used in the bridge?
o
Define the terms drift velocity and relaxation time. Establish the relation between drift velocity of
electrons and electric field applied to the conductor.
******
Sample Paper 20
Class XII 2024-25
Physics
i. c = 3 # 108 m/s
ii. me = 9.1 # 10−31 kg
iii. e = 1.6 # 10−19 C
iv. µ 0 = 4π # 10−7 TmA−1
v. h = 6.63 # 10−34 Js
vi. ε 0 = 8.854 # 10−12 C2 N−1 m−2
SECTION-A
1. Two coils are placed close to each other. The mutual inductance of the pair of coils depends upon
(a) currents in the coils
(b) materials of the wires of the coils
(c) relative position and orientation of the coils
(d) rates at which the currents are changing in the coils
2. Mass of a photon of frequency ν is given by

(a) m = h (b) m = hν
λ c
(c) m = hν (d) m = ν2
h
c c
3. At the magnetic poles of the earth, a campus needle will be

(a) vertical (b) horizontal
(c) inclined at 10° with the vertical (d) inclined at 45° with the horizontal
4. If the length of a conductor is halved, then its conductance will be

(a) halved (b) doubled
(c) quadrupled (d) unchanged
5. A proton is moving in a space with constant velocity in an electric field E and magnetic field B . The angle
between electric field and magnetic field should be
(a) 0c (b) 30c
(c) 45c (d) 90c
6. In some substances, charge can flow at ordinary temperature, but not at very low temperatures. These
substances are called
(a) conductors (b) insulators
(c) dielectrics (d) semiconductors
7. The ratio of no. of turns of primary coil to secondary coil in a transformer is 2:3. If a cell of 6 V is
connected across the primary coil, then voltage across the secondary coil will be
(a) 3 V (b) 6 V
(c) 9 V (d) 12 V
8. The electrostatic energy stored in a capacitor is

(a) 1 QV (b) 1
2 QV
(c) 2 (d) QV
QV
9. Reactance of a capacitor of capacitance C for an alternating current of frequency 400

π Hz is 25 Ω . The
value of C is
(a) 25 µF (b) 50 µF
(c) 75 µF (d) 100 µF
10. Two charged spheres separated by a distance d exert some force F on each other. If they are immersed in
a liquid of dielectric constant 4, then what is the force exerted, if all other conditions are same?
(a) 2F (b) 4F
(c) F (d) F
2 4
11. Which of the following electromagnetic waves have the smallest wavelength?
(a) γ -rays (b) X-rays
(c) UV waves (d) infra-red rays
12. When two converging lenses of same focal f are placed in contact, the focal length of the combination is
(a) f (b) 2f
f
(c) (d) 3f
2

13. Assertion : The ferromagnetic substance do not obey Curie’s law.

Reason : At Curie point a ferromagnetic substance start behaving as a paramagnetic substance.
14. Assertion (A) : The whole charge of a conductor cannot be transferred to another isolated conductor.
Reason (R) : The total transfer of charge from one to another is not possible.
15. Assertion : The magnetic field at the centre of the circular coil in the following figure due to the currents
I1 and I2 is zero.
Reason : I1 = I2 implies that the fields due to the current I1 and I2 will be balanced.
16. Assertion : Long distance power transmission is done at high voltage.

Reason : At high voltage supply power losses are less.

SECTION-B
17. Find the wavelength of electromagnetic waves of frequency 6 # 1012 Hz in free space. Give its two
applications.
18. The focal length of a equiconvex lens is equal to the radius of curvature of either face. What is the value
of refractive index of the material of the lens ?
19. Write the expression, in a vector form, for the Lorentz magnetic force Fv due to a charge moving with
velocity vv in a magnetic field Bv . What is the direction of the magnetic force ?
20. Light from two coherent sources is reaching the screen. If the path difference at a point on the screen for
the yellow light be 3λ2 , then what will be the colour of the fringe at that point?
O
What will be the effect of interference fringes if red light is replaced by blue light ?
21. Why cannot two magnetic lines of forces due to a bar magnet cross each other?
SECTION-C
22. Draw the circuit diagram of a full-wave rectifier using p - n junction diode. Explain its working and show
the output input waveforms.
23. c . What is the radius of its fifth orbit?

Atomic radius of first orbit of hydrogen atom is 0.53 A
(i) I = 15 mA
(ii) V =− 10 V .

25. What is polarization of charge? Which the help of a diagram show why the electric field between the
plates of capacitor reduces on introducing a dielectric slab. Define the dielectric constant on the basis of
these fields.
26. When an ideal capacitor is charged AC by a DC battery, no current flows. However, when an AC source
is used, the current flows continuously. How does one explain this, based on the concept of displacement
current ?
27. How does a combination of lenses affect the size, position and nature of the image?
28. State the important properties of neutrons.

O
Answer the following:
(i) Why is the binding energy per nucleon found to be constant for nuclei in the range of mass number
A lying between 30 and 170?
(ii) When a heavy nucleus with mass number A = 240 breaks into two nuclei, A = 120 , energy is
released in the process.
SECTION-D
29. Electric field strength is proportional to the density of lines of force i.e., electric field strength at a point
is proportional to the number of lines of force cutting a unit area element placed normal to the field at
that point. As illustrated in the given figure, the electric field at P is stronger that at Q.
(i) Electric lines of force about a positive point charge are

(a) radially outwards
(b) circular clockwise
(c) radially inwards
(d) parallel straight lines.
(ii) Which of the following is false for electric lines of force?
(a) They always start from positive charges and terminate on negative charges.
(b) They are always perpendicular to the surface of a charged conductor.
(c) They always form closed loops.
(d) They are parallel and equally spaced in a region of uniform electric field.
(iii) Which one of the following pattern of electric line of force in not possible in filed due to stationary
charges ?
(a) (b)
(c) (d)
(iv) Electric lines of force are curved

(a) in the field of a single positive or negative charge
(b) in the field of two equal and opposite charges
(c) in the field of two like charges
(d) both (b) and (c)
O
The figure below shows the electric field lines due to two positive charges. The magnitudes EA , EB and
EC of the electric fields at points A, B and C respectively are related as
(a) EA > EB > EC (b) EB > EA > EC

(c) EA = EB > EC (d) EA > EB = EC
30. A narrow tube is bent in the form of a circle of radius R, as shown in figure. Two small holes S and D are
made in the tube at the positions at right angle to each other. A source placed at S generates a wave of
intensity I0 which is equally divided into two parts: one part travels along the longer path, while the other
travels along the shorter path. Both the waves meet at point D where a detector is placed.
(i) If a maxima is formed at a detector, then the magnitude of wavelength λ of the wave produced is
given by
(a) πR (b) πR
2
(c) πR (d) all of these
4
(ii) If the intensity ratio of two coherent sources used in Young’s double slit experiment is 49 : 1, then
the ratio between the maximum and minimum intensities in the interference pattern is
(a) 1 : 9 (b) 9 : 16
(c) 25 : 16 (d) 16 : 9
(iii) The maximum intensity produced at D is given by

(a) 4I0 (b) 2I0
(c) I0 (d) 3I0
(iv) In a Young’s double slit experiment, the intensity at a point where the path difference is λ/6 (λ –
wavelength of the light) is I. If I0 denotes the maximum intensity, then I/I0 is equal to
(a) 1 (b) 3
2 2
(c) 1 (d) 3
2 4
O
Two identical light waves, propagating in the same direction, have a phase difference d. After they
superpose the intensity of the resulting wave will be proportional to
(a) cos δ (b) cos ^δ/2h
(c) cos2 ^δ/2h (d) cos2 δ
SECTION-E
31. (i) State Gauss theorem.
(ii) Apply this to obtain the expression for the electric field intensity at a point due to an infinitely long,
thin, uniformly charged straight wire.
O
Two spherical conductors of radii 4 cm and 5 cm are charged to the same potential. If σ 1 and σ 2 be the
respective values of the surface density of charge on both the conductors, What is the ratio of s 1 ?
s2
32. (i) State Bohr’s quantization condition for defining stationary orbits. How does the Broglie hypothesis,
explain the stationary orbits?
(ii) Find the relation between the three wavelengths λ 1 , λ 2 and λ 3 from the energy level diagram shown
below.
O
(i) The radius of the innermost electron orbit of a hydrogen atom is 5.3 # 10-11 m . Calculate its radius
in n = 3 orbit.
(ii) The total energy of an electron in the first excited state of the hydrogen atom, is –3.4 eV. Find out
its (a) kinetic energy and (b) potential energy in this state.
33. Two long straight parallel conductors carrying steady currents I1 and I2 are separated by a distance r
. Explain briefly, with the help of a suitable diagram, how the magnetic field due to one conductor acts
on the other. Hence deduce the expression for the force acting between the two conductors. Mention the
nature of the force.
O
(i) Explain principle and working of a moving coil galvanometer. Derive an expression for current
sensitivity.
(ii) Compare between moving coil galvanometer and moving magnet galvanometer.
******

Physics

Uploaded by

Document Informationclick to expand document information

Copyright:

Available Formats

Physics

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Physics

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

NODIA APP Sample Paper 04 Page 1

1. c and diffraction pattern

2. A diamagnetic material in a magnetic field moves

4. In photoelectric effect, the number of electrons ejected per second is proportional to

(a) Can never be in equilibrium.

Continue on next page.....

19. (i) Write the β -decay or tritium in symbolic form.

Continue on next page.....

What do you mean by doping ? What is the dopants ?

21. Write an expression for the momentum carried by an electromagnetic wave.

Continue on next page.....

(i) In an insulator energy band gap is

(a) 5 cm, 35 cm (b) 7 cm, 35 cm

(iii) In astronomical telescope compare to eye piece, objective lens has

(iv) To see stars, use

32. Explain, using suitable diagram, the difference in the behaviour of a

Continue on next page.....

2. In a purely resistive AC circuit, the current

3. The frequency of X-rays is

6. The magnetic lines of force inside a bar magnet

9. Electron-volt (eV) is the measure of

10. The frequency of X-rays is

11. The core of a transformer is laminated, so as to

12. Cathode rays can be deflected by

13. Assertion : No power loss associated with pure capacitor in ac circuit.

15. Assertion (A) : The surface of a conductor is an equipotential surface.

24. How will you explain twinkling of stars?

27. Briefly describe proton-neutron hypothesis of nuclear composition.

Continue on next page.....

(v) To observe diffraction, the size of the obstacle

(ii) Dimensional formula for the permittivity constant ε 0 of free space is

(c) 6M-1 L-3 T 4 A2@ (d) 6ML-3 T 4 A-2@

Continue on next page.....

(i) Define electric intensity.

2. Which scientist experimentally proved the existence of electromagnetic waves?

Continue on next page.....

(a) T1 > T2 (b) T1 . T2

Continue on next page.....

9. An aluminium ring B faces an electromagnet A. Which of the following statement is correct?

(a) If I increases, A will repel B

11. The minimum angular momentum of electron in Hydrogen atom will be

Continue on next page.....

13. Assertion : Photo-sensitivity of a metal is high if its work function is small.

15. Assertion : The resistivity of a semi-conductor increases with temperature.

Continue on next page.....

19. What is Einstein’s mass-energy equivalence? What is its importance?

Continue on next page.....

(a) 100 (b) 106

(a) 0.013 A (b) 0.02 A

Continue on next page.....

What will be the location of the image?

Continue on next page.....

2. Which of the following rays are not electromagnetic waves ?

Continue on next page.....

6. Permittivity of free space is.

7. In photoelectric effect the maximum kinetic energy of emitted electron depends on

(a) - 3.4 eV (b) 3.4 eV

11. Interference takes place due to change in

Continue on next page.....