Stakeholders in Construction

Project
Dr. D.M. Tshobotlwane
Who is a stakeholder?
• Individual or Organizations who are directly involved in the project

• Two types of stakeholders

• Direct stakeholders – directly influenced, involved and having vested interest
• Indirectly stakeholders –affect but do have no control over the project
Stakeholders in the Construction Industry

Direct Stakeholders Indirect Stakeholders

• Employer (Client) • Local Authority (Municipalities)
• Architect • Environmental Authority
• Project Manager/ Principal Agent • Media
• Contractors • General Public
• Subcontractors • Town Planning Board
• Labourers • Other Competitors and Institutions
• Suppliers
• Project Consultants
• Civil and Structural Engineers
• Mechanical Engineers
• Electrical Engineers
• Quantity Surveyors
Direct Stakeholders
• Employer: Employer is the natural or legal person is for whom a structure
is constructed, or alternatively the person or organization that took the
initiative of the construction
Types of Employers
1. Public Employer
2. Private Employer
Commonalities amongst these employers
• Secondary inexperienced
• Secondary experienced
• Primary inexperienced
• Primary experienced
Duties and Responsibilities of Direct
Stakeholders
Duties Responsibilities
• Briefing the requirements • Provide complete requirements
• Hiring professionals without gray arear
• Making payments • Selecting most suited
professionals
• Clear and on time roles
1. Architect
• Qualified professional who designs and supervisors the construction
of buildings or other structures
• Should get the actual requirements from the client and get his or her
ideas then architect should made the drawings of his dream building
• Should follow B. Arch program at university
Architect
Stages Involvement
Initiation stage  appointed the client requirement
 sketch the initial structure
 help to find what customer actually need.
Design stage • give the architectural layout of the project
• End of this stage architect should do a preliminary
design layout
• design sketch plans in detail and developed with
specifications
• Finalize the area location, type of finishes, opening
sizes, door sizes etc.
• output of the circuit diagram is the finished
architectural drawing
• Architect should attend meetings for sensitive actions
Site operations stage Negotiations with the contractors are some of his tasks
Duties and Responsibilities of Architect
 Should follow different building styles, patterns, easy to use and build as a
end user
 Duty to build it safer way
 Sustainability to ensure it meets the needs of its occupants
 Requirements of state and federal regulators

Architect Skills
 Good Understanding ability
 Communication Skills
 Design, Plan and developed creatively and cost effectively
 Use new methods, technology
2. Project Manager
Who is a Project Manager?
• A Project Manager is a professional in the field of management
• Responsible for leading a project from initial stage up to the
completion
• It includes planning execution of the work and managing the
resources
Responsibilities of a Project Manager
• Manage the day to day work of the project
• Report the progress of the project to the client
• Plan and arrange vistation to the site for each and every consultant
• Coordination of the team
• Assuring the quality of work
• Ensure the health, safety and environmental aspects
3. Contractor

• Person or firm who undertakes to complete a project/building in

accordance with given client’s requirements.
4. Labourers

• Work on given instruction under the supervision.

• There are two types of labourers,
• skilled and
• unskilled
5. Suppliers
• Marketing and commercial product providers are called suppliers.
• They supply materials needed for the project
6. Project consultants/ Professional Service
providers
• Engineer – design a structure of the building, materials and systems
• Quantity Surveyor - professional with expert knowledge on
construction costs and contracts.
• Resident/ Services Engineer - Building services engineering,
technical building services engineering for the internal environment
and environmental impact of a building.
• Facilitating of the services of plumbing, electrical, mechanical
designs/ designing the systems.
6. Project consultants/ Professional Service
providers (cont…)
• Feasibility Consultant - Can be a professionally qualified engineer,
architect or quantity surveyor and he can get that profession by his
work experience and feasibility studies.
7. Indirect Stakeholders
• Local Authority
• Get approvals from the authority whether the project can do or not in the area some areas are prohibited to
build residential (zoning).
• Environmental Authority
• Given approvals to the development by assessing and reporting.
• They do a complete experiment of the environment of specific area and prepare EIA document.
(Environmental Impact assessment.)
• The legal mandate and core business of the Department of Forestry, Fisheries and the Environment (DFFE)
are to manage, protect and conserve South Africa's environment and natural resources.
• Media
• Reflect analytical view of the project and transferring information to the general public.
• They are not actively involved the project to achieved the goal but they influenced to search their mistakes
and publication the project by using media.
• General Public - Accepting or rejecting the project execution
8. Client
STAGES Involvement
Initiation stage  appointed professionals
 Tell them clearly what his actual requirement by
providing accurate data
 Feasibility level, client can choose the most
valuable option from the consultants.
Design stage Client can make changes when the cost is up to his
budget after analysis the predictable cost by discussing
with professionals.
Tender stage cannot make any changes of the schematic plans
should invite all parties and bidders to discuss and visit
Construction stage Client can view the project progress and see if its
requirements are met.
Responsibilities of client
 Selecting most suitable professionals
 Briefing the requirement clearly
 Provide complete requirements without gray areas
 Giving accurate data it is mainly effected to analyze the budget
 Firm decision making ability
 Making payments to the professionals clear and on time
9. Quantity Surveyor
What does quantity surveyor do?
 Apply building economics and provide estimates at planning stage.
 Prepare the bill of Quantities from plans
 Analyze tenders, prepare and analyze data

Type of Quantity Surveyor

• 1. Professional quantity surveyor
• Dealing with contracts and costs on construction projects.
• Cover a range of activities which benefit analysis, lifecycle costing, tendering, valuation, change
control, dispute resolution and estimation
• 2. contractors quantity surveyor
• Specifically performed by the contractor as opposed to the construction work described and
measured in the construction contract between the developer and the contractor
Role of a Quantity surveyor
Stages Involvement
Initiation stage provide rough estimates based on architectures
Design stage  No significant cost deviations.
 It should prepare cost estimates for approvals
during the planning phase.
 Cost plan is the outcome of that stage.
Tender stage  check whether the cost if it is feasible in terms of
the budget of the client
 Full cost control is required
 After this stage cost is fixed
 In production information stage, qs need to check
the cost estimate is within the budget or not
 prepare BOQ, must submit tenders and participate
in meetings.
Construction stage should prepare the monthly cost analysis report and
final accounts
Duties and Responsibilities of a Quantity
surveyor
 Conducting feasibility studies to estimate materials, time and labour
costs
 Preparing, negotiating and analyzing costs for tenders and contracts
 Coordination of work effort
 Advising on a range of legal and contractual issues
 Valuing completed work and arranging for payments
 Claim analysis
10. Structural Engineer
Stages Involvement
Initiation stage First, participates in feasibility tasks. Conducts
technical and feasibility
studies
Design stage Preliminary design preparation is the object of the
design.
Design, beams, columns, slabs, floors should be
finished. Then it should make final decisions about
design
 Complete the structural drawings in detail.
 Production information process, it should prepare
production
information and add final detailed decisions to carry
out the work.
 Design, beams, columns, slabs, floors should be
finished
 In tendering actions, give all the necessary
Duties and Responsibilities of Structural
Engineer
DESIGNING
• Calculating the loads and stresses
• Understanding of how to incorporate support beams, columns and foundations
INVESTIGATION
• before works begin should involve site investigation to survey
COMMUNICATION
• required to co-ordinate and consult with other members of the project. Also required to
assist government bodies
MANAGEMENT
• The supervision and management of on-site delivery of materials and equipment
TRAINING
• The safety issues involved their work, should have the knowledge of the technology
Sketch drawing
Detail design