1.

Define the following terms;

i. Geography – (2 marks)
ii. Environment – (2 marks)
2. Identify four reasons for studying Geography. (4mks)
3. Explain the relationship between Geography and the following disciplines.
i. Economics; (2mks)
ii. Medicine; (2mks)
4. Explain the origin of the earth and the solar system using the passing star theory.
(5mks)
5.
i. Give three reasons why the Earth’s interior is hot. (3mks)
ii. Name two types of earth movements. (2mks)
6.
i. Describe three proofs that the earth is Spherical. (3mks)
ii. )What is the effect of International Date Line on time? (2mks)
7. The table below represents rainfall and temperature figures for station in Africa.
Use it to answer the following questions.

Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Temp °C 27 28 28 28 27 25 25 24 25 26 27 26
Rainfall: (mm) 25 38 99 140 277 439 277 69 142 201 71 25

a. Calculate annual range of temperature for the town. (2mks)

b. Calculate the total annual rainfall for the town. (2mks)

8. State any three conditions necessary for the formation of dew. (3mks)
9. Name three instruments found in a Stevenson screen. (3mks)
10. State the necessary conditions considered when siting a weather station. (3mks)
11. Name three methods of weather forecasting. (3mks)
12. List six factors that influence the temperature of a place. (6mks)
13. Give two types of statistical data. (2mks)
14. The table below shows coffee production in Kenya from 1970 to 1975 in 000’s
tones.

Year: 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975

Tonnage in 000’s 19 20 28 11 17 15

a. Draw a simple bar graph to represent the above data. (8mks)

b. State three advantages of simple bar graph. (3mks)

15. Identify three types of scale. (3mks)

16. Identify basic marginal information found on a map. (3mks)
17. What is the importance of work schedule? (4mks)
18.
i. State two characteristics of Minerals. (2mks)
 ii. Name three major types of rocks. (3mks)
19.
i. Define mining. (2 mks)
ii. State formations in which Minerals occur. (2mks)

iii. Identify method of mining shown above. (1mk)

MARKING SCHEME
1. Define the following terms;

i. Geography – Is the scientific study of the Earth as the home of

mankind.
ii. Environment – Environment is the external conditions that surround a
plant or an animal.
2. Identify four reasons for studying Geography. (4mks)

i.
Geography is a career subject
ii.
It encourages international awareness and cooperation.
iii.
It teaches learners on how to manage time properly by drawing time
schedules.
iv. It teaches the leaner different methods of collecting and presenting
geographical information.
3. Describe the relationship between Geography and the following disciplines.

i. Economics; Economics deals with the production and consumption

of resources while Geography deals with distribution and
exploitation of natural resources. (2mks)
ii. Medicine; Medicine deals with presentation, diagnosis and curing of
diseases whereas Geography determines distribution of diseases,
factors influencing their spread. (2mks)
4. Explain the origin of the earth and the solar system using the passing star theory.
(5mks)
  According to this theory, the earth formed about 4600 million years
ago when a star of a greater gravitational pull passed near the sun.
 It drew off a stream of gaseous materials from the sun. The materials
split, cooled and condensed forming planets. Heavier materials
collected at the centre forming the core, less dense materials formed
the mantle, the highest materials formed the crust.
 The moon asteroids and other objects in space formed in a similar
manner.

5.

a. Give reasons why the Earth’s interior is hast. (3mks)

i. The slow process of cooling in interior of the earth allowed

retention of most of original heat.
ii. Radio-activity process in the underlying materials that
releases heat which is retained within the interior.
iii. Weight of overlying crystal materials that exerts pressure
which generates heat in the interior.
b. Name two types of earth movements. (2mks)

 Rotation
 Revolution

6.
i. Describe three proofs that the earth is Spherical. (3mks)

 Ciramnavigation
 The mast of an approaching ship is seen first.
 The earth’s horizon is curved
 All other planets are spherical hence Earth
 Satellite photographs

ii. What is the effect of International Date Line on time? (2mks)

 It causes time changes by 24 hours or a day when crossed.

 When crossed Eastwards, a day is gained while when crossed
Westwards, a day is lost.

7. The table below represents rainfall and temperature figures for station in Africa.
Use it to answer the following questions.

a. Calculate annual range of temperature for the town. (2mks)

Annual range temperature; = Highest temp. – Lowest temp
 28°c- 24°c
= 4°c
b. Calculate the total annual rainfall for the town. (2mks)
25+38+99+140+277+439+277+69+142+201+71+25 = 1803 mm

8. State any three conditions necessary for the formation of a dew. (3mks)

 The air should be calm enough to remain in contact with objects on

the ground.
 Daytime should be warm to accelerate evaporation.
 There should exist a cloudless night for high rate of terrestrial
radiation to occur.

9. Name three instruments found in a Stevenson screen. (3mks)

 Hygrometer
 Six’s thermometer
 Maximum & Minimum thermometer

10. State the necessary conditions considered when siting a weather station. (3mks)

 Should be located on an open place

 Land should be relatively flat
 Areas should be free from flooding
 Should be secure
 Should have less or no vegetation

11. Name three methods of weather forecasting. (3mks)

 Ancient method
 Weather lore method
 Modern method

12. Highlight factors that influence weather and climate. (4mks)

 Latitude
 Altitude
 Distance from large water bodies
 Aspect
 ITCZ
 Cloud cover
 Air currents
 Human activities

13. Discuss two types of statistical data. (4mks)

  Primary data: These are facts and figures collected first hand from
field. The information collected is not yet documented.
 Secondary data: These are already collected and documented facts
and figures found in text books, statistical abstracts, census reports,
journals.

14. The table below shows coffee production in Kenya from 1970 to 1975 in 000’s
tones.

a. Draw a simple bar graph to represent the above data. (8mks)

b. State three advantages of simple bar graph. (3mks)

 They are easy and straight forward to draw.

 They clearly show individual amounts and contrast in values.
 The bars give a clear visual impression which appeals to the
eye.

15. Identify three types of scales. (3mks)

 Linear scale
 Statement scale
 Representative fraction (R.F) scale

16. Identify basic marginal information found on a map. (2mks)

 Title of the map

 The scale
 The compass direction
 The key
 The frame of the map
 Magnetic variation

17. What is the importance of work schedule? (5mks)

  It provides estimates on total time required for the study
 It allocates each activity ample time
 It reduces tendency to waste time over one activity at the expense of
others
 It forms a basis for field work evaluation while in progress
 It acts as guiding framework for research activity

18.
i. State two characteristics of Minerals. (2mks)

 They have crystal form

 Some of minerals are unique
 Minerals have varying specific hardness
 Minerals have different specific densities

ii. Name three types of rocks. (3mks)

 Igneous rocks
 Sedimentary rocks
 Metamorphic Rocks

19.
i. Define mining. (2 mks)

 This refers to extraction of valuable solid, liquid or gaseous

minerals from the earth’s crust.

ii. State forms in which Minerals occur. (2mks)

 Veins and lodes

 Seams and lapers or beds
 Weathering products
 Allurial deposits / placer

iii. Identify method of mining shown above. (1mk)

 Drift or Adit method of mining