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3 Predicate Logic Tuto

The document is a tutorial for a mathematics course focused on predicate logic, containing exercises on truth values of predicates, logical expressions, and quantifiers. It includes tasks for translating statements into logical forms, expressing various statements using quantifiers, and analyzing logical arguments. Additionally, it challenges students to apply rules of inference to derive conclusions from given premises.

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34 views1 page

3 Predicate Logic Tuto

The document is a tutorial for a mathematics course focused on predicate logic, containing exercises on truth values of predicates, logical expressions, and quantifiers. It includes tasks for translating statements into logical forms, expressing various statements using quantifiers, and analyzing logical arguments. Additionally, it challenges students to apply rules of inference to derive conclusions from given premises.

Uploaded by

CHA ZI YU Moe
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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WIX1001 Mathematics for Computing I

Semester I 2020/2021
Tutorial 3 (Predicate Logic)

1. Let U be the real numbers, define P(x, y): x. y = 0. What is the truth value of the following:
a. ∀x∀yP(x, y)
b. ∀x∃yP(x, y)
c. ∃x∀yP(x, y)
d. ∃x∃yP(x, y)

2. Let U be the real numbers, define P(x, y): x ⁄ y = 1. What is the truth value of the following:
a. ∀x∀yP(x, y)
b. ∀x∃yP(x, y)
c. ∃x∀yP(x, y)
d. ∃x∃yP(x, y)

3. Translate each of the following statements into logical expressions using predicates,
quantifiers, and logical connectives.
Predicates:
A(x): x is an AI 95 student
L(x): x loves music
Universe of discourse for the variable x is all students.
a) Every student loves music.
b) No student loves music.
c) Some students love music.
d) Every AI 95 student loves music.
e) Some AI 95 students love music.

4. Use quantifiers to express the following statements:


a) Someone walks and talks.
b) Everyone loves somebody.
c) Brothers are siblings.
d) The product of two negative real numbers is not negative.
e) There is a man who has taken a flight on every airline in the world.

5. Express the statement “there is a number x such that when it is added to any number, the result
is that number, and if it is multiplied by any number, the result is x” as a logical expression.

6. All people who are not poor and are smart are happy. Those people who read are smart. Adam
can read and is not poor. Happy people have exciting lives.
Write the sentences in predicate calculus, using appropriate predicates.

7. Identify the error or errors in this argument that supposedly shows that if ∃x P(x) ∧ ∃x Q(x) is
true then ∃x ( P(x)∧Q(x) ) is true.
1. ∃xP(x) ∧ ∃xQ(x) Premise
2. ∃xP(x) Simplification from (1)
3. P(c) Existential instantiation from (2)
4. ∃xQ(x) Simplification from (1)
5. Q(c) Existential instantiation from (4)
6. P(c) ∧ Q(c) Conjunction from (3) and (5)
7. ∃x(P(x) ∧ Q(x)) Existential generalization

8. Use rules of inference to show that if ∀x(P(x) → (Q(x)∧S(x))) and ∀x(P(x)∧R(x)) are true,
then ∀x(R(x) ∧ S(x)) is true.

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