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Class Note - Fundamentals of Psycho

The document discusses cognitive development in children, outlining Piaget's four stages and Vygotsky's sociocultural theory. It emphasizes the importance of social interaction and language in cognitive growth and provides applications for education. Key takeaways include the progression of cognitive abilities through stages and the role of guidance in learning.

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19 views1 page

Class Note - Fundamentals of Psycho

The document discusses cognitive development in children, outlining Piaget's four stages and Vygotsky's sociocultural theory. It emphasizes the importance of social interaction and language in cognitive growth and provides applications for education. Key takeaways include the progression of cognitive abilities through stages and the role of guidance in learning.

Uploaded by

cadehorn6
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as TXT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Class Note – Fundamentals of Psychology

Date: February 8, 2025


Topic: Cognitive Development in Children

Overview of Cognitive Development:

Cognitive development refers to how children acquire knowledge, think, reason, and
remember as they grow.
Theories of cognitive development focus on understanding how children’s thinking
evolves over time.
Piaget’s Stages of Cognitive Development:

Sensorimotor Stage (0-2 years): Infants learn about the world through their senses
and actions. Object permanence develops.
Preoperational Stage (2-7 years): Children begin to use language and symbols but
lack logical thinking. They are egocentric and struggle with understanding
conservation (e.g., quantity remains the same despite shape changes).
Concrete Operational Stage (7-11 years): Logical thinking develops, but only about
concrete objects. Children understand concepts like conservation and
classification.
Formal Operational Stage (11 years and beyond): Abstract thinking and hypothetical
reasoning emerge. Adolescents can think logically about abstract concepts and solve
complex problems.
Vygotsky’s Sociocultural Theory:

Emphasizes the role of social interaction and cultural context in cognitive


development.
Children’s learning is guided by more knowledgeable others (e.g., parents,
teachers) through the process of scaffolding.
Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD): The difference between what a child can do
independently and what they can do with guidance.
Importance of Language:

Language plays a crucial role in cognitive development, especially in Piaget’s


preoperational stage, where it allows children to engage in symbolic play and
develop concepts.
Vygotsky emphasized language as a tool for thinking and problem-solving.
Applications to Education:

Teachers can apply Piaget’s theory by offering age-appropriate activities that


challenge children’s thinking.
Vygotsky’s theory suggests that children benefit from collaborative learning and
guidance from more experienced individuals.
Key Takeaways:

Cognitive development progresses in stages, with each stage building on the


previous one.
Social interaction and language are central to the development of cognitive
abilities.
Understanding these theories helps educators create supportive and enriching
learning environments for children.
Next Class: Examine the role of memory and intelligence in child development.

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