NURSING AS AN ART, SCIENCE & • BECAUSE it involves creativity,

PROFESSION empathy, and intuition (reading

non-verbal communication cues
• NURSING IS A CARING
to understand what people are
PROFESSION
saying between the lines)
• IT IS A UNIQUE PROFESSION
• the soft skills of nurses include
because nurse assist the
compassion, concern and
individuals, sick and well, in
communication they are
performance of those activities
connected with the art aspect of
contributing to the health or its
Nursing
recovery.
• the process of delivering care
as a patient transition from
CONCEPTS OF NURSING sickness to health is artful.

• every woman at one time, in her • Art can be considered both a

life would be a nurse in the process and a product
sense that nursing is being
• In nursing the product is the
responsible for someone else’s
health of the recovered patient,
health
meanwhile the process is the
• NURSING according to method of care.
NIGHTINGLE – the act of
utilizing the environment of the
patient to assist him in his NURSING IS A COMBINATION OF ART
recovery AND SCIENCE

• she considered a clean well- • because it uses scientific research

ventilated and quiet unmeasurable components of
patient communication such as
environment essential for
offering empathy
recovery

NURSING AS A PROFESSION
NURSING AS A SCIENCE
 A multitude of career
• it uses scientific knowledge opportunities are available in
• characterized by extensive use nursing, clinical practice,
education, research,
of technology and evidence
management, administration
based practice
and even entrepreneurship
• nurses use critical thinking and
research in their work which Nursing is a caring profession
make it a science
 To act professionally nurses
provide quality patient centered
care in a safe, prudent and
NURSING as an ART
knowledgeable manner
 the nursing profession
prepares professional work
 force to meet - health • NURSING AS A PROFESSION:
promotion (ex. Regular possess the following
physical activity to prevent characteristics
weight gain, heart disease),
• Education – a profession requires
illness prevention
an extended education of its
(handwashing, wearing of
members, as well as basic liberal
face mask) and needs of the
foundation
population in a changing health
care system (easy • Theory – a profession has a
accessibility to health theoretical body of knowledge
facilities). leading to defined skills, abilities
 Nursing has a specific and norms
knowledge, and nurses must
• Service – a profession provides
fully understand this knowledge
basic service (ex. In nursing you
and develop professional
take care of the sick people)
expertise
 Clinical expertise takes time • Autonomy – members have
and commitment autonomy in decision making and
 according to Benner an expert in practice
nurse passes through 5 levels
of proficiency when acquiring
and developing generalist or What is the standards of nursing
specialized nursing skills practice
 Novice, advanced beginner,
competent, proficient, expert • the nursing process is the
foundation of clinical decision
making and includes significant
LEVEL OF PROFICIENCY ACCORDING actions taken by the nurses in
TO BENNER providing care to patients.
• Novice – no experience (nursing
student) performance is limited
Code of Ethics – the profession as a
• Advanced Beginner – can whole has a code of ethics for practice.
demonstrate marginally acceptable
performance • is the philosophical ideals of right
and wrong that define the
• Competent – a nurse who has principles that will be used to
been on the same job 2 or 3 years provide care to patients
and deliberately plans nursing care
in term of long range goals • it is also important to incorporate
one’s own values and ethics into
• Proficient – perceives situations nursing practice
as a whole rather than in terms of
aspects and manages nursing care • The code of ethics is also a guide
rather than performing tasks. Has for carrying out nursing
3 to 5 years experience responsibilities that provide quality
nursing care, it also outlines the
• Expert – demonstrate highly ethical obligations of the
skilled intuitive and analytic ability profession
in new situations.
CRITERIA OF A PROFESSION:
 and improve personal relationships and
promote personal growth
Professional Responsibilities and
Roles Basic to Nursing Care Leader - through the process of
interpersonal influence helps the client
Autonomy and Accountability
make decisions in establishing and
autonomy – is an essential element of
achieving goals to improve his well being
professional nursing that involves the
initiation of independent nursing Manager – the nurse manager plans, give
intervention without medical order. direction, develop staffs, monitor
operations, gives rewards fairly and
• Ex. Frequent change of position of
represents both staff members and
bedridden patient to prevent
administration as needed
pressure sores and other
complications • she manages groups, families and
communities
• the increased autonomy comes
greater responsibility and Researcher – the nurse participates in
accountability (means that the scientific investigation and uses research
nurse is responsible professionally finding in practice.
and legally for the type and quality
• the nurse helps develop
of nursing care provided)
knowledge about health and the
Caregiver - nurse helps maintain and promotion of health over the full life
regain health, manage disease and span, care of person with health
symptoms. The nurse provides healing problems and disabilities and the
(emotional, spiritual) nursing actions to enhance
peoples ability to respond
Communicator – the effectiveness of the
effectively to actual or potential
nurse as a communicator is central to the
health problems
nurse-patient relationship.
Case Manager – the nurse coordinates
• it allows the nurse to know the
the activities of other members of the
patients
health care team, such as nutritionist and
• quality communication is a critical physical therapists, when managing a
factor in meeting the needs of group of clients care
individuals, families and
Collaborator - the nurse works in a
communities
combined effort with all those involved in
Educator – as an educator the nurse care delivery, for a mutually acceptable
explains concept and facts about health, plan to be obtained that will achieve
describe the reason for routine care common goals.
activities, demonstrate procedures.
Advocate – the nurse protects human
A PROFESSIONAL NURSE
and legal rights and provides assistance in
asserting their right if the need arises • who continue to add her
knowledge, skills and attitudes
• the nurse act on behalf of the
through continuing education and
patient and secure the patient’s
research or the use of result of
health care rights
research
Counselor – helps the patient to
recognize and cope with stressful
psychologic or social problems to develop
QUALIFICATIONS AND ABILITIES OF A • sympathetic grooming: neat hair
PROFESSIONAL NURSE; style, appropriate dress, sufficient
make up and expressive hands
• Has faith in the fundamental
values that underlie the
democratic way of life. Ex.
COMPONENTS OF GOOD
Respect for human dignity
PERSONALITY
• Has a sense of responsibility for
• personal appearance
understanding those with whom
he/she works or associates with • Character
through the use of the following
skills; working effectively • Attitude
through therapeutic relationship • charm
(xerox)

PERSONAL APPEARANCE – your

PERSONAL QULIFICATIONS OF A appearance reveal more about the real
NURSE you than any words may say
1. philosophy of life- concerned with • self-respect is the basis upon
those basic truths that contribute to which personal appearance is
personal growth THAT relates to the moral established.
values that shape the facets of the
character. Ex. Simple yet descent • It includes posture, grooming (hair
should be neat and clean and well
2. good personality- the impression one arranged) dress and uniform
make on others (personal hygiene
• Personality consist of individual CHARACTER – refers to the moral values
qualities that differentiate one and beliefs that are used as guide to
person from another. personal behavior and actions.
• refers to the impression one • It is what a person is inside Charity
makes on others which will include is the greatest value of a nurse.
more than that which meets the
eye • The nurse is basically a good
person
• consists of deeper traits which
comes from the heart and which • 4 virtues emanating the practice
infiltrate the real person if one of charity
wishes to exert a magnetic
• justice (quality of being righteous,
influence on others.
correct, fair)
• prudence (permits us to live with
HOW TO DEVELOP ONE’S good sense)
PERSONALITY
• Fortitude (assists in the control of
• warmth of manner; a ready smile, feelings, thoughts and emotions)
sincere laugh, genuine interest in
• temperance (encourages
others
constructive use of pleasure of the
• complete sincerity senses)
ATTITUDE – manner of acting, thinking, • may be cultivated by a desire to
or feeling that is indicated by one’s serve and a deep love for fellow
response toward another person, situation human beings
• personality is shaped by ones To acquire charm , one needs to
attitude cultivate the ff:
• it is based on opinions viewpoints • Voice – modulated with clear
or feelings pronunciation
• Manner – courteous, attentive,
patient
8 ATTITUDE OF A NURSE
• Heart – attempt never to show
1. Acceptance – acceptance of others is
indifference, be understanding,
indicative of maturity. Ex. The nurse
remember to say Thank you
accepts the client as an individual and
respecting her culture • Intelligence – keep an active
mind, recognize beauty, accept
2. Helpfulness
new ideas from others, read and
3. Friendliness exchange ideas from others

4. Firmness – being alert to the actions of • Poise – composure, self-control

others in a positive way
• Ex. Nurse implements visiting
FIELDS OF NURSING:
hours
PROVIDER OF CARE – most nurses
5.Permissiveness –understanding of
provide direct patient care in an acute
motives and the feelings expressed in
care setting
behavior. Ex. The nurse allows the teen
ager to wear her clothing instead of • educate your patients and families
hospital gown how to maintain their health and
implement self-care activities.
6.Limit setting – knowing the value of her
influence. Ex. The nurse tells the client Institutional Nursing (staff nursing) -
who attempt to smoke in the restroom nurse provides direct nursing care using
the nursing care process and critical
7.Sincerity – acting naturally. Ex. The
thinking skills the focus is restorative and
nurse tells her client because she lost her
curative
baby
Independent Nursing Practice/
8.Competence – approaching problems
Advanced Practice Registered Nurse –
competently rather than emotionally. Ex.
involves advanced nursing practice, and
The nurse stays with client whose wound
requires a Master’s degree in Nursing.
on the abdomen has disrupted and
reassure the client that a help from the • the nurse may function as a
doctor has been sought for. clinician, educator, case manager,
consultant, manager
• the nurse may function as a
CHARM- to influence the senses or the
clinician, educator, case manager,
mind by some quality or attraction
consultant and researcher
• innate in one who has a depth of
feeling and an outgoing manner
Community Health Nursing/ PHN San Juan de Dios Hospital (1596) -
founded by the brotherhood
Public Health Nursing – requires
understanding the needs of a population Hospital de Indio 1586 – established by
or a collection of individuals who have the Franciscan orders, service was in
common one or more personal or general supported by alms and
environmental characteristics contributions from charitable persons
Community Health Nursing – provide Hospital de Aguas santas 1590 –
direct care services to sub-populations established in Laguna near a medicinal
within the community. spring founded by Bro. J. Bautista of the
Franciscan order
Nurse Educator – works primarily in
schools of nursing, staff development
department of health care agencies
Prominent Persons Involved in Nursing
• provide educational programs works:
Nurse administrator – manages patient • Josephine Bracken – wife of Jose
care and the delivery of specific nursing Rizal, installed a field hospital in a
services within a health care agency state house in Tejeros, provided
nursing care to the wounded night
Nurse Researcher – responsible for the
and day
continued development and refinement of
nursing knowledge and practice through • Dona Hilaria de Aguinaldo – wife
the investigation of nursing problems of Emilio Aguinaldo organized the
Filipino Red Cross
CAREGIVER – assist the client physically
and psychologically while preserving the • Rosa Sevilla de Alvero –
clients converted their house into quarters
for the Filipinos soldiers during the
COMMUNICATOR – nurse identify
Phil.-American war
problems of the patients and then
communicate verbally or in writing to other • Dona Maria Agoncillo de
members of the health team. Aguinaldo- wife of Emilio
Aguinaldo provided nursing care to
Teacher –helps client learn about their
Filipino soldiers during the
health and healthcare procedures they
revolution president of the Filipino
need to perform to restore their health
Red Cross branch in Batangas
• Melchora Aquino – nursed the
HISTORY OF NURSING IN THE PHILS. wounded Filipino soldiers and
gave them shelter and food.
EARLIEST HOSPITALS ESTABLISHED
• wounded when not in combat
Hospital Real de Manila (1577) -
established to care for the Spanish Kings • Teresa Tecson – “Ina ng Biac na
soldiers Bato” stayed in the hospital to care
for the wounded soldiers
San Lazaro Hospital (1578) - founded by
Brother Juan Clemente and was • Capitan Salome – a revolutionary
administered for many years by the leader in Nueva Ecija, provided
Hospitalliers nursing care to the

• built exclusively for patients with

leprosy
First Hospitals and Schools of Nursing: Caring in nursing practice involves:
• Iloilo Mission Hospital School of • Providing presence – when a
Nursing 1906 – run by Baptist nurse establishes, reassuring
Foreign Mission Society of presence, eye contact, body
America language, voice tone, listening and
having a positive and encouraging
• Miss Rose Nicolet –the first
attitude, act together to create
superintendent for nurses
openness and understanding.
• moved to Jaro Iloilo in 1929 Miss
• Comforting – use of touch and
Flora Ernst an American nurse
skillful and gentle performance of
took charge of the school in 1942
nursing care procedures
• In March 1944, 22 nurses
• Listening – paying attention to an
graduated;
individuals words and tone of voice
• in April 1944 graduate nurses took
• Knowing the client – to know the
the first Nurses board examination
client means that the nurse
at the Iloilo Mission Hospital
considers the client as a unique
• St. Paul’s hospital School of individual
Nursing (Manila 1907)
• Spiritual caring – sense of
• was established by the Archbishop connectedness with self, with
of Manila by Most Reverend others and with the unseen God
Jeremiah Harty under the
• Family care – nurse demonstrate
supervision of the sisters of St.
caring by helping family members
Paul de Chartres
become active participants in the
• opened its training school for client care
nurses in 1908 with Rev. Mother
Melanie as superintendent and
Miss E. Chambers as Principal TYPES OF KNOWLEDGE IN NURSING
• PGH school of nursing 1907 • Empirical knowing – it is
systematically organized. Ranges
• Anastacia Giron Tupas – was
from factual, observable
the first Filipino chief nurse
phenomena. (anatomy, physiology,
• Mrs. Vitaliana Beltran – first chemistry)
Filipina superintendent nurse
• Aesthetic knowing – it is
expressed through her creativity
and style in meeting the needs of
CARING – that relationships, and things the patient.
matter to people
• Personal knowing – promotes
• it reveals what is stressful and the wholeness and integrity in the
available options for coping. personal encounter
• caring creates possibility (because • Ethical knowing – focuses on
enables nurses help clients to matters on matters of obligation.
recover in the face of illness, to Nursing care involves a series of
give meaning to that illness and to deliberate actions or choices that
maintain and reestablish are subject to the judgment of right
connections or wrong.
 • Developing ways of knowing -
• Caring for Self – taking the time
to nurture oneself. We need to
practice a healthy lifestyle;
• Nutrition – healthy eating is
important to everyone
• Activity and Exercise -
recognized as a lifetime endeavor
that is essential for energetic,
active and healthy living
• Recreation – taking time to do
things that brings joy and stimulate
creativity, avoiding unhealthy
patterns

MIND BODY THERAPIES

• Guided imagery - used to
promote relaxation, decrease
anxiety and enhance psychologic
and spiritual insights.
• Meditation – assist in releasing
fears, worries and doubts
• Storytelling – help individual
move toward wholeness
• Music therapy- induce relaxation
• Yoga - can achieve balance and
flexibility, mental alertness and
calmness.