jan-23-2025 Assignment -3
1. Fugaku
Manufacturer: RIKEN & Fujitsu (Japan)
Overview: Fugaku, located in Japan, has consistently held the title of the
world’s fastest supercomputer. It was developed by the RIKEN Center for
Computational Science and Engineering in collaboration with Fujitsu.
Key Features:
Performance: Fugaku reached a peak performance of over 442 petaflops
(quadrillion floating-point operations per second), and it has sustained
high performance across a range of real-world applications.
Architecture: It uses the ARM-based A64FX processor, which is optimized
for a wide variety of scientific workloads, including artificial intelligence
(AI) and deep learning.
Applications: Fugaku is being used in multiple fields, including drug
discovery, climate simulations, and disaster prediction. It's particularly
famous for its work on simulating the spread of COVID-19.
Energy Efficiency: Fugaku is known for its energy-efficient design, making
it one of the most power-efficient supercomputers in the world.
Notable Achievements: Fugaku topped the TOP500 list in 2020, surpassing
other supercomputers in performance and energy efficiency.
2. Summit
Manufacturer: IBM (USA)
Overview: Summit, developed by IBM, is one of the most powerful
supercomputers in the world. It is located at the Oak Ridge National
Laboratory in Tennessee, USA.
Key Features:
Performance: Summit achieved a peak performance of around 200
petaflops. It uses NVIDIA Volta GPUs and IBM Power9 CPUs to achieve
this high performance.
Applications: Summit is used for a wide range of scientific research,
including genomics, climate modeling, and nuclear physics. Its AI
capabilities are widely used for medical research and developing new
drugs.
AI Integration: The system’s AI features allow it to process large datasets,
making it suitable for deep learning and data-driven research.
Storage: Summit has massive storage capabilities and can manage data
workloads across various scientific domains.
Notable Achievements: Summit played a key role in advancing research on
COVID-19 by simulating proteins and analyzing drug compounds for
possible treatments.
3. Sierra
Manufacturer: IBM (USA)
Overview: Sierra is a supercomputer located at the Lawrence Livermore
National Laboratory (LLNL) in California. It is designed primarily for
simulating nuclear weapons and conducting high-performance computing
simulations.
Key Features:
Performance: Sierra achieves a peak performance of about 125
petaflops, and it also combines NVIDIA Volta GPUs and IBM Power9
processors.
Applications: Sierra’s primary applications are in national security,
particularly in simulating the behavior of nuclear weapons without
actual testing. It also supports scientific simulations for astrophysics and
other areas.
AI Capabilities: Sierra's architecture supports machine learning and
artificial intelligence for scientific research and simulations.
Reliability: As a critical system for national security, Sierra’s design
prioritizes high availability and resilience.
Notable Achievements: Sierra is among the top 5 supercomputers globally
and contributes significantly to research in both security and science.
4. Perlmutter
Manufacturer: Hewlett Packard Enterprise (USA)
Overview: Perlmutter is a high-performance supercomputer located at the
National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC). It is used
for scientific and engineering research across a wide range of disciplines.
Key Features:
Performance: Perlmutter can reach a peak performance of about 70
petaflops. It integrates both NVIDIA A100 GPUs and AMD EPYC CPUs,
which are optimized for scientific workloads and AI research.
Applications: Perlmutter is used in astrophysics, climate modeling,
genomics, and other fields. It is known for accelerating machine learning
applications, simulations, and data analysis in large-scale experiments.
Architecture: Perlmutter uses a combination of CPU and GPU nodes to
handle both traditional and modern scientific computing tasks. Its
design makes it ideal for tasks that require high throughput and parallel
processing.
Energy Efficiency: The system is designed with energy efficiency in mind,
using energy-efficient chips to reduce operational costs and
environmental impact.
Notable Achievements: Perlmutter is a leading system for scientific
simulations and AI-powered research, providing computational power for
groundbreaking discoveries.
5. Tianhe-2 (Thousand Cranes-2)
Manufacturer: National University of Defense Technology (NUDT, China)
Overview: Tianhe-2, also known as "Thousand Cranes-2," is a Chinese
supercomputer that held the top position in the TOP500 list for several
years before being surpassed by Fugaku. It is located at the National
Supercomputing Center in Guangzhou, China.
Sabib Bin Baker
