COMPUTER GRAPHICS & MULTIMEDIA
Chapter Three
Basic of computer graphics
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OUTLINE
Basic of Computer Graphics
Brief History of Computer Graphics
3D Graphics Techniques and Terminology
Applications of Computer Graphics
BASIC COMPUTER GRAPHICS
What is computer graphics?
Computer graphics is a process of generating,
manipulating, storing and displaying graphics object.
Ex: Such as pictures, charts, graphs, diagrams.
BASIC COMPUTER GRAPHICS
Thus we can say that computer graphics makes it
possible to express data in pictorial form.
In computer graphics objects are presented as a
collection of discrete picture elements.
Picture Element = Pixel = Pel
The pixel is the smallest screen elements.
BASIC COMPUTER GRAPHICS
Graphics should be generated by controlling the pixel.
The control is achieved by setting the intensity and colour of the
pixel which compose screen.
The process of determining the appropriate pixels for representing
picture or graphics object is known as “rasterization”.
The process of representing continuous picture or graphics object
as a collection of discrete pixels is called “scan conversion”.
BASIC COMPUTER GRAPHICS
What you can do with graphics before displaying it
on screen?
Graphics allows rotation, translation, scaling and
performing various projections before displaying it.
It also allows to add effects such as hidden surface
removal, shading and transparency to the picture.
BASIC COMPUTER GRAPHICS
User can edit (modify content, structure or appearance)
graphics object with using keyboard, mouse or touch
sensitive panel on the screen.
There is close relationship between input devices and
display devices.
Graphics Devices = Input Devices + Display Devices
HISTORY OF COMPUTER GRAPHICS
• first computer graphics design system was developed by
Evan Sutherland in 1963 and called Sketchpad
• Ivan Sutherland (1963) - SKETCHPAD
SKETCHPAD(direct manipulation, CAD)
• pop-up menus
• constraint-based drawing
• hierarchical modeling
HISTORY OF COMPUTER GRAPHICS…
With the advent of written language, people were able to
combine text and pictures to tell a story.
This was the first use of graphic design dated as far back as
the time of the Sumarians.
An artisan would engrave characters and pictures onto a
stone, usually shale or slate.
The artisan always traveled with the tablet stones
HISTORY OF COMPUTER GRAPHICS
The Egyptians used paper from the papyrus plant on which
they would write and draw pictures using inks.
The Chinese developed character stamps or movable
stamps and these were dipped in ink and then pressed onto
paper.
Both, the Chinese and Egyptians kept their records in scrolls
Paper produced from rice by
the Chinese.
HISTORY OF COMPUTER GRAPHICS
The Early Process of Producing Books and Print
During the 1500’s and 1600’s after Gutenberg’s innovation
in typography, a whole process was created using many
different types of trained specialists.
The artisans that stayed in the industry became designers or
engravers with special training at art academies throughout
Europe.
The best engravers and designers were educated at art
institutes in Italy and Spain.
The Industrial Age: high speed printing presses.
The Post Industrial Age: photographic camera highlighted this
period and designers
The Digital Age
COMMON USE OF COMPUTER GRAPHICS
Advantages of computer graphics :
1. High quality graphics displays on PC
2. It provides tools for producing pictures
3. Produce animation using static image with computer graphics
4. Produce 1-D image in 2-D or 3-D using different simulators.
5. Using motion dynamics tool, user can make object stationary and the
viewer moving around them.
6. Using update dynamics, it is possible to change the shape, colour or other
properties of object.
3D GRAPHICS TECHNIQUES AND TERMINOLOGY
2D Graphics: Displayed representation of a scene or an
object along two axes of reference: height and width (x
and y).
3D Graphics: Displayed representation of a scene or an
object that appears to have three axes of reference:
height, width, and depth (x, y, and z).
3D GRAPHICS TECHNIQUES AND TERMINOLOGY
The process of 3D graphics can be divided into three-stages:
tessellation,
geometry, and
rendering.
Tessellation stage, a described model of an object is created, and
the object is then converted to a set of polygons.
Geometry stage includes transformation, lighting, and setup.
Rendering stage, which is critical for 3D image quality, creates a
two dimensional display from the polygons created in the
geometry stage.
APPLICATIONS OF COMPUTER GRAPHICS
Presentation Graphics
Entertainment
Graphics User Interface
Auto CAD
Computer Art
Virtual Reality
Telemedicine
Image Processing
Education
1. PRESENTATION GRAPHICS
In this application reports are generated on slides or
transparencies.
Itis normally used to summarize financial, statistical,
mathematical, scientific, and economics data for research.
Graphs and charts can be in 3-D formats to make the
presentation.
1. PRESENTATION GRAPHICS
2. ENTERTAINMENT
It is used in making motion pictures, music, videos and
television shows.
3.GRAPHICAL USER INTERFACE
Major component of GUI interface is a window manager
that allows a user to display multimedia window areas.
Interfacegenerally comes with a menu and icons for fast
selection of processing options.
Iconis a graphics symbol designed to look like a processing
options.
3.GRAPHICAL USER INTERFACE
4. AUTO CAD
Useof computer graphics is in design process of engineering
and architecture system.
Auto cad applications are design to create building,
automobiles, aircraft, spacecraft, textiles and more models.
4. AUTO CAD
5. COMPUTER ART
Computer graphics widely used in fine arts and commercial
applications.
Artistuse a variety of applications like paint packages,
mathematics packages, desktop publishing software and
animation program.
5. COMPUTER ART
6.VIRTUAL REALITY
Virtual reality provides a very realistic effect using sight and
sound, while allowing the user to interact with the virtual
world.
7. TELEMEDICINE
Inthis application physician can consult with one another
using video conferencing capabilities, where all can see the
data and images, it brings together experts from a number of
places in order to provide better care.
Alsoused in bio-medical instrument like cardiogram, CT-
Scan reports, X-ray.
7. TELEMEDICINE
8. IMAGE PROCESSING
Imageprocessing, converts an existing image into digitized
form by converting the image file format.
Image processing technique is mostly used in commercial
application that can rearrange/modify image in different
format.
8. IMAGE PROCESSING
9. EDUCATION
A wide range of individual education software with
multimedia.
Itis also used in classroom to enhance the educational
experience and simplify teacher’s work.
In distance learning, where all students may not be at same
place during a class.
THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION
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