What is the Java Stream API?
How is it different from InputStream
and OutputStream?
Answer:
The Stream API is part of the java.util.stream package introduced in
Java 8 for functional-style operations on collections. It is different
from InputStream and OutputStream as those are used for I/O
operations.
What are the main types of operations available in the Stream API?
Answer:
Intermediate operations: transform or filter a stream and
return another stream as a result (e.g., filter, map, sorted).
Terminal operations: Produce a result or side effect (e.g.,
forEach, collect, count).
Explain the difference between map and flatMap.
Answer:
map :transforms each element in the stream into another value.
Produces a one-to-one mapping, where each input element
results in a single output element.
flatMap: transforms each element into a stream and then
flattens all the resulting streams into one.
Produces a one-to-many mapping, where each input element can
result in multiple output elements.
Explain the difference between map and flatMap- example
What is the difference between stream() and parallelStream()?
Answer:
stream(): creates a sequential stream that processes elements
one by one.
parallelStream(): creates a parallel stream that divides the
tasks among multiple threads for concurrent processing.
What is the difference between stream() and parallelStream()?
Answer:
stream(): creates a sequential stream that processes elements one
by one.
parallelStream(): creates a parallel stream that divides the tasks
among multiple threads for concurrent processing.
What does it mean that streams are lazy?
Answer: Streams only process data when a terminal operation is
invoked. Intermediate operations are not executed immediately.
Can a stream be reused? Why or why not?
Answer:
No, a stream cannot be reused once a terminal operation is invoked
because the stream is considered consumed. You must create a new
stream.
What is the difference between findFirst() and findAny()?
Answer:
findFirst() returns the first element in the stream.
findAny() returns any element (useful for parallel streams where
order doesn’t matter).
What are the benefits of using the Stream API?
Answer:
Simplified data processing using functional programming.
Improved readability and reduced boilerplate code.
Support for parallel processing with parallelStream().
How does parallel stream work internally?
Answer:
Parallel streams use the ForkJoinPool framework to divide the
data into chunks and process them concurrently using multiple
threads.
What is a Collector in the Stream API?
Answer:
A Collector is an interface used in the collect() terminal operation
to define how to accumulate the elements of a stream into a
collection, map, or other container.
How can you handle exceptions in streams?
Answer:
You can wrap the lambda expressions with a try-catch block or
create a utility method to handle checked exceptions.
What is a Collector in the Stream API?
Answer:
A Collector is an interface used in the collect() terminal operation
to define how to accumulate the elements of a stream into a
collection, map, or other container.
What is the purpose of the peek() method?
Answer:
peek() is used for debugging or logging by performing a side
effect on elements without modifying the stream.
What is the difference between reduce() and collect()?
Answer:
reduce() is used to combine elements of a stream into a single value
(e.g., sum, average).
- int sum = numbers.stream() .reduce(0, Integer::sum);
collect() is used to transform elements into a collection or
container.
What are the differences between limit() and skip()?
Answer:
limit(n): Limits the stream to the first n elements.
skip(n): Skips the first n elements and processes the rest.
How can you convert a stream into a collection or array?
Answer:
Use collect(Collectors.toList()) for collections.
Use toArray() for arrays.
What are infinite streams? Provide an example.
Answer:
Infinite streams are streams that do not have a fixed size and
continue to produce elements indefinitely.
Example:
What are infinite streams? Provide an example.
Answer:
Infinite streams are streams that do not have a fixed size and
continue to produce elements indefinitely.
Example:
