Grade 12 Physics case study ques ons for revision

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29 Case Study Based Question: Semiconductor

There are different techniques of fabrication of p-n junction. In one such technique,
called fused junction techniques, an aluminum film is kept on the wafer of n-type
semiconductor and the combination is then heated to a high temperature (about 600
°C). As a result, aluminum fused into silicon and produces p-type semiconductor and
in this way p-n junction is formed.

(i) when a PN junction is reversed then how does the height of potential barrier
change?

(a) no current flows (b) the depletion region is reduced

(c) height of potential barrier is decreased (d) height of potential barrier is

increased

(ii) the cause of potential barrier in PN junction is:

(a) depletion of positive charges near the junction

(b) concentration of negative charges near the junction

(c) concentration of positive and negative charges near the junction

(d) depletion of negative charges near the junction

(iii) The circuit has two oppositely connected ideal diodes in parallel. What is the

current flowing in the circuit ?

(a) 1.17 A (b) 2.0 A (c) 1.71 A (d) 1.

 (iv) Carbon, Germanium and silicon are 14th group elements:

(a) C and Ge are semiconductors (b) C and Si are semiconductor

c) all C, Ge and Si are semiconductors (d) Si and Ge are semiconductors

Or
When a PN junction is forward biased then:
(a) only diffusion current flows
(b) both diffusion current and drift current flow but diffusion current is more than
drift current
(c) only drift current flows
(d) both diffusion and drift current flow but drift current exceeds the diffusion
current.

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30 Case Study Based Question: Electrostatics

An arrangement of two conductors separated by an insulating medium can be used to

store electric charge and electric energy. Such a system is called a capacitor.
The more charge a capacitor can store, the greater is its capacitance. Usually, a
capacitor consists of two conductors having equal and opposite charge +Q and -Q.
Hence, there is a potential difference V between them. By the capacitance of a
capacitor, we mean the ratio of the charge Q to the potential difference V. By the charge
on a capacitor we mean only the charge Q on the positive plate. Total charge of the
capacitor is zero. The capacitance of a capacitor is a constant and depends on geometric
factors, such as the shapes, sizes and relative positions of the two conductors, and the
nature of the medium between them. The unit of capacitance is farad (F), but the more
convenient units are µF and pF. A commonly used capacitor consists of two long strips
or metal foils, separated by two long strips of dielectrics, rolled up into a small cylinder.
Common dielectric materials are plastics (such as polyesters and polycarbonates) and
aluminium oxide. Capacitors are widely used in radio, television, computer, and other
electric circuits.

1. A parallel plate capacitor C has a charge Q . The actual charge on its plates are

(a) Q,Q (b) Q/2, Q/2 (c) Q ,-Q (d) Q/2, -Q/2

2. A parallel plate capacitor is charged. If the plates are pulled apart .

(a) the capacitance increases (b) the potential difference increases

(c ) the total charge increases (d) the charge & potential difference remains
the same
 3. Three capacitors of 2 , 3 & 6 µF are connected in series to a 10 V source. The
charge on the 3 µF capacitor is

(a) 5µC (b) 10µC (c) 12µC (d) 15µC

4. If n capacitors each of capacitance C are connected in series and then in parallel,

then the ratio of equivalent capacitance of the series combination to parallel
combination is

(a) nC b) n2C (c) C/n (d) 1/n2

OR

A parallel plate capacitor has two square plates with equal and opposite charges. The
surface charge densities on the plates are + σ and - σ respectively. In the region
between the plates the magnitude of the electric field is

(a) σ /ε0 (b) σ /2 ε0 (c) 0 (d) none of these

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29 When electric dipole is placed in uniform electric field, its two charges
experience equal and opposite forces, which cancel each other and hence net
force on electric dipole in uniform electric field is zero. However, these forces are
not collinear, so they give rise to some torque on the dipole. Since net force on
electric dipole in uniform electric field is zero, so no work is done in moving the
electric dipole in uniform electric field. However, some work is done in rotating
the dipole against the torque acting on it.

(i) The dipole moment of a dipole in a uniform external field Ē is p. Then the
torque τ acting on the dipole is
(a) τ = p x E
(b) τ = p. Ē
(c) τ = 2(p + Ē)
(d) τ = (P + E)
 (ii) An electric dipole consists of two opposite charges, each of magnitude 1.0
μC separated by a distance of 2.0 cm. The dipole is placed in an external field
of 105 NC-1. The maximum torque on the dipole is
(a) 0.2 x 10-3 Nm
(b) 1x 10-3 Nm
(c) 2 x 10-3 Nm
(d) 4x 10-3 Nm
(iii) Torque on a dipole in uniform electric field is minimum when θ is equal
to
(a) 0°
(b) 90°
(c) 180°
(d) Both (a) and (c)
(iv) When an electric dipole is held at an angle in a uniform electric field, the
net force F and torque τ on the dipole are
(a) F= 0, τ = 0
(b) F≠0, τ≠0
(c) F=0, τ ≠ 0
(d) F≠0, τ=0
OR
An electric dipole of moment p is placed in an electric field of intensity E.
The dipole acquires a position such that the axis of the dipole makes an angle
with the direction of the field. Assuming that potential energy of the dipole to
be zero when θ = 90°, the torque and the potential energy of the dipole will
respectively be
(a) pEsinθ, -pEcosθ
(b) pEsinθ, -2pEcosθ
(c) pEsinθ, 2pEcosθ
(d) pEcosθ, – pEsinθ

Answer

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30 Read the following paragraph and answer the questions that follow.
For most mobile devices, the voltage to recharge the battery is typically 5 volts
of direct current. In India, the current supplied to our homes is alternating
current at 220V and at a frequency of 50 Hz. Fatima designed a simplified
version of a mobile phone charger. She made a circuit using a centre tap
transformer and two similar silicon diodes D1 and D2 as shown below. Study
the diagram below and answer the questions that follow.

1. What is the maximum efficiency of a full wave rectifier?

(A) 50% (B) 60% (C) 80% (D) 100%
 2. What is the output frequency of a full wave rectifier connected to
a 50 Hz AC supply?
(A) 50 Hz (B) 100 Hz (C) 150 Hz (D) 200 Hz
3. In a full wave rectifier, what is the function of the transformer?
(A) To increase voltage (B) To decrease voltage (C) To
provide isolation (D) To filter output
4. What is the main advantage of a full wave rectifier?
(A) High voltage regulation (B) High efficiency
(C) Low ripple factor (D) All of the above
OR
In a full wave rectifier, what is the purpose of the load resistor?
(A) To increase output voltage
(B) To decrease output current
(C) To regulate output voltage
(D) To provide a path for current flow

Answer