Chapter 7: Sentence Structure, 10.

After all of the hurry and bustle, a week or

pp. 138=51 two at the beach sounded wonderful.
Choices: Exploring Sentence Structure, p. 138 EXERCISE B
Choices activities are designed to extend and Answers will vary widely but should all be simple
enrich students’ understanding of grammar, sentences. Sample responses are given.
usage, and mechanics and to take learners
beyond traditional classroom instruction. To use 11. We yawned and snuggled more deeply into
the Choices worksheet, have each student pick our sleeping bags.
an activity that interests him or her. In some
12. The smell of coffee lured us out of our tents.
cases, you may wish to assign an activity to a
particular student or group of students. You 13. Jake and Tani stirred the campfire and put
may also want to request that students get your the cobbler on to bake.
approval for the activities they choose. Establish
guidelines for what constitutes successful com- 14. Soon all of the campers were eating break-
pletion of an activity. Then, help students plan fast and chatting about the day ahead.
how they will share their work with the rest of
15. After cleaning up breakfast, we struck
the class.
Choices activities can be scored with a pass- camp and hit the trail.
fail grade or treated as bonus-point projects. Compound Sentences, p. 140
Those activities that require students to research
EXERCISE
or create a certain number of items might be S V
graded in a traditional manner. 1. I fear all kinds of wild creatures, but the
S V V
family very kindly did not tease me about
Simple Sentences, p. 139
my apprehensions.
EXERCISE A
S
1. Sally and Anne both take music lessons 2. The family’s black Labrador retriever evi-
V S V
weekly. dently shared my fears, for he joined me in
the tent.
2. I climbed that oak tree and swam in the S V
creek. 3. In the middle of the night, I awoke to a

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

S V
strange sound; I immediately became
3. Steve helped Roseanne with the puzzle and
frightened.
then washed the dishes. S V S V V
4. I was alone in the tent, for the dog had left
4. The parrot said “Cat for sale” and flapped
me.
its wings.
S V
5. Suddenly, the dog bounded into the tent,
5. All of a sudden, Dale and Amy burst into S V
and within seconds the tent collapsed on
the room and grabbed the water jug.
top of us both!
6. In April the company will increase its profits. S V S V
6. The noise awoke the others, and I felt
7. Kim and Ted will go to Africa with Jade
embarrassed!
and photograph wildlife. S V
7. Luisa crawled out of her sleeping bag, and
8. Both the painting and the sketch show the S V
together we pitched the tent again.
meadow in the morning. S V
8. Then, Luisa returned to her sleeping bag,
9. This one and that one will be sold at auc- S V
and I lay down on my cot in the tent.
tion tomorrow.

60 HOLT HANDBOOK Second Course

 S V S S V S
9. Later that night, it rained, so the Ortegas 2. As she watched the fish and snails, she
V V
ran to the tent. thought about a career in marine biology.
S V S V V S V
10. I, along with the dog, remained dry; how- 3. Her career plans had been all that she could
S V S V
ever, the Ortegas, in their scramble to the think about since the Science Club took a
V V
tent, were drenched! field trip to a well-known oceanographic

Simple Sentence or Compound Sentence? center.

p. 141 S V
4. Because the center was on a quiet shoreline,
EXERCISE S V V
the scientists could study hundreds of
1. S—I hurried over to Michael’s house and
forms of marine life.
met Rafiq on the way. S S V V
5. Some students who had gone to the center
2. S—The lightning struck the radio towers on V V
last year had snorkeled around the tide
the hill several times but did not damage
pools.
them. S V
6. Pilar became interested in Scripps
3. Cd—The blinking light grew dim, and then S V
Institution of Oceanography, which is a
it flashed several times.
well-known oceanographic institute in San
4. Cd—The gulls circle the fishing boat; they Diego, California.
are hoping for a quick meal. S V
7. Because her school computer had Internet
5. S—The purple lantana and the red salvia S V V
access, Pilar could learn more about Scripps
look pretty and attract both bees and but- and marine biology.
terflies. S V
8. First, she learned about research ships and
6. Cd—After school I feed the rabbits, and S V
their equipment when she looked at the
Kris looks after the guinea pigs. Scripps Web site.
7. S—In the evening the Korean restaurant S V
9. After she read an interview with a marine
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

opens and welcomes crowds of hungry S V

biologist, Pilar felt confident that marine
diners. S V
biology was the career for her.
8. S—Patty and Carla are throwing Hilton a S V
10. From the interview she learned that a
surprise party in their big backyard some- S V V
marine biologist should have a good educa-
time next weekend. V V
tion, care about the environment, and enjoy
9. Cd—The crab scuttled quickly into the travel.
water, for it saw a heron nearby. Compound Sentence or Complex Sentence?
10. Cd—I left, but Marcy stayed. p. 143
EXERCISE
Complex Sentences, p. 142
1. Cd—Iowa is not near any oceans, but the
EXERCISE
S V Mississippi River makes up its eastern
1. Pilar looked for tiny fish and snails where
S V border.
the pond was shallow.
2. Cd—On the west coast, California borders
Mexico, and Washington borders Canada.

Language and Sentence Skills Practice Answer Key 61

 S V
3. Cx—Hawaii is the only state that does not 6. The two dogs barked at each other con-
S V
lie on the North American mainland. stantly until the sun rose; consequently,
S V much sleep last night.
4. Cx—I learned that the northernmost state is none of us got
S V V S
Alaska. 7. You should shut the gate whenever you
V S
5. Cd—Texas is quite big, but Alaska is bigger. leave the backyard; otherwise, the dogs
V V
may get out.
6. Cx—If you visit Death Valley in California, S V S
you will be 282 feet below sea level. 8. When we went to the science museum, we
V
attended a lecture on electricity; after the
7. Cd—The longest river in the United States S V
lecture, we visited some of the exhibits.
is the Missouri River; the largest lake in the S V
S V
United States is Lake Michigan. 9. As we left the library, the rain pelted down,
S V
so we rushed back inside.
8. Cx—Michigan, which resembles a mitten, S V V
sits between Lake Michigan and Lake Huron. 10. Aunt Eudora was born in Nashville, but
S V S
when she was five years old, she and her
9. Cd—I looked at a map, and then I showed S V S V
family moved to Memphis, where she lived
Dana my home state.
for the rest of her life.
10. Cx—Dana lived in Canada before her family
moved to New York, where her mother Complex or Compound-Complex? p. 145
EXERCISE
taught English.
1. Cx—A gem is a mineral or other material
Compound-Complex Sentences, p. 144
that is used in jewelry and other ornaments.
EXERCISE
S V 2. Cd-Cx—Some of the gems that you see are
1. Cece went to Chile during the winter
S V natural; others are artificial.
vacation, but her older brother stayed home
S V V 3. Cx—Laney said that scientists can make
because he had made plans with some
friends. sapphires, rubies, and emeralds in labora-

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

S V tories.
2. When Mr. Tolstoi entered the United States,
S V 4. Cx—Some gems occur in igneous rock,
he knew only a few words of English, but
S V which forms when hot, molten material
his wife was fluent in the language.
S V cools.
3. The two young men avoided injuries
S V V 5. Cd-Cx—Other gems occur in metamor-
because they had worn their seatbelts, but
S V phic rock, which forms under great heat
the driver of the other car was not as fortu-
nate. and pressure; still others occur in sedimen-
S S V V V tary rock, which typically forms when
4. Vegetarians, who do not eat meat, should
V S V V water, wind, or ice deposits sand, gravel,
watch their diets; they should eat nutrition-
and other materials.
ally balanced meals.
S V S V 6. Cd-Cx—I asked Mr. Catalano whether
5. Although both were tired, Ahnawake went
S V pearls are made by oysters, and he said yes.
to her soccer practice, and Carl went to his
piano lesson.

62 HOLT HANDBOOK Second Course

 7. Cx—When light travels through a well-cut 9. Cx—Because the clues in The Mousetrap
diamond, the diamond glitters with differ- were so well hidden, the ending surprised
ent colors. nearly everyone in the audience.
8. Cx—The type of gem cut that is called the 10. Cd—Currently, I am reading Death on the
brilliant cut has fifty-eight facets. Nile; I have not seen the movie yet.
9. Cd-Cx—Diamonds are very valuable EXERCISE B
because they are very durable and brilliant, 11. Cx
but some emeralds are even more valuable. 12. Cd-Cx
10. Cx—Perhaps the most beautiful of all pearls 13. S
is La Pellegrina, which is from India.
14. Cd
Review A: Classifying Sentences According to
15. Cx
Structure, p. 146
EXERCISE A Review B: Classifying Sentences According to
1. Cd—Suspense novels are extremely popu- Structure, p. 147
EXERCISE A
lar, and many readers especially enjoy those
1. Cd-Cx—If you are a surfer, you may enjoy
by Agatha Christie.
skateboarding, for the sport is similar to
2. S—Christie’s first detective novel was The
surfing.
Mysterious Affair at Styles.
2. Cd—Some skateboards are made from
3. Cx—Hercule Poirot, who is perhaps her
wood; others are made from plastic or fiber-
most famous character, is the Belgian detec-
glass.
tive who solves the murder cases in many
3. Cd-Cx—At first, skateboards had roller-
of her books.
skate wheels, but today’s boards have spe-
4. Cx—In Murder on the Orient Express, Poirot
cial wheels that are much easier to control.
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

expertly interrogates many of the passen-

4. S—I bought an inexpensive skateboard and
gers on the train before he solves the case.
customized it.
5. S—Miss Marple, another detective of
5. Cx—When the skater shifts his or her
Christie’s, is my favorite character.
weight, the board turns.
6. Cx—My introduction to Miss Marple came
6. S—My brother taught me how to skate.
when I read The Body in the Library.
7. Cd—Some skaters practice every day, but I
7. Cd—In this mystery several people are sus-
practice only on the weekends.
pects, for each has a possible motive, but
Miss Marple sets an ingenious trap for the 8. Cx—When you skate, you should wear
murderer. kneepads, elbow pads, and a helmet.

8. Cd-Cx—When I visited England last sum- 9. Cd—Schools in my area often sponsor con-
mer, I saw The Mousetrap, a suspense play tests for skateboarders; in fact, Lakeside

by Christie, and I also toured her home in Middle School is holding a contest this
Devon. Saturday.

Language and Sentence Skills Practice Answer Key 63

10. Cd-Cx—I will not compete in the contest, 10. Complex—Just as summer ends, the sweet
but I will watch my brother as he competes. Red Jim nectarines come into season for a
EXERCISE B final treat.
11. Cd Literary Model: Sentence Structures in Tall Tales,
12. Cx pp. 149=50
EXERCISE A
13. S Answers will vary. A sample response is given.
14. Cd-Cx The style of the passage from “Pecos Bill and
the Mustang” is very simple and makes the
15. Cx
writing sound almost like the lyrics of a song. It
Review C: Classifying Sentences According to is easy to understand what the author is
Structure, p. 148 expressing. On the other hand, the passage
EXERCISE from “Paul Bunyan’s Been There” is more com-
Answers will vary widely but should include exam- plicated. Because of this, the reader has to read
ples of all four sentence types. Sample responses are the text very carefully in order to understand it.
given. EXERCISE B
1. Simple—Summer fruits are my favorites. Answers will vary widely. A sample response is
given.
2. Complex—When the weather warms up,
1. Rattlesnake Ralph was known as the tough-
prices on strawberries and melons come est broncobuster west of the Mississippi.
down. He’d been taming horses for fifteen years.
And most broncobusters called it quits after
3. Compound—The ripe fruits wait on the half that time. So, of course, he had a repu-
market shelves, and I take my time choos- tation to keep. When a city slicker—from
ing the best ones. Cincinnati, no less—announced that he
could break the meanest horse around,
4. Simple—Watermelon is my very favorite. Ralph had no choice but to challenge him.
5. Compound-Complex—Whether they are No dandified city boy was going to show
him up.

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

red or yellow, seeded or seedless, watermel-
2. When Ralph broke a horse known as
ons tempt me every time I shop, and I usu-
Comanche Arrow, he gained the reputation
ally leave the store with one in my basket. of being the toughest broncobuster west of
6. Simple—On the other hand, berries are a the Mississippi. That was fifteen years ago,
and he was still at it, even though most
nice treat, too. broncobusters called it quits after half that
7. Complex—Because blackberries ripen early, time. So, of course, you can imagine why
Ralph felt that he had a reputation to keep.
I buy them in May and June.
It made perfect sense that when a city
8. Compound—Once I hiked along a river in slicker—from Cincinnati, no less—
Colorado, and ripe mountain raspberries announced that he could break the meanest
horse around, Ralph had no choice but to
were growing on vines all around.
challenge him. He declared that no dandi-
9. Simple—How pleasant it was to pick and fied city boy was going to show him up.
eat them right from the vine!

64 HOLT HANDBOOK Second Course

 EXERCISE C Scoring Rubric
Answers will vary. A sample response is given. The paragraphs are effectively organized.
I think the second version would appeal 1 2 3 4 5
more to readers because I included more The paragraphs include a variety of sentence
details. In addition, by using a variety of sen- structures, including complex and complex-
tence structures, I feel that I was able to show compound.
the relationships between actions and events
1 2 3 4 5
more clearly.
The paragraphs contain sufficient detail for
Writing Application: Description, p. 151 sketching out a floor plan.
Writing Applications are designed to provide 1 2 3 4 5
students immediate composition practice in The assignment is relatively free of errors in
using key concepts taught in each chapter of spelling and punctuation.
the Language and Sentence Skills Practice booklet.
1 2 3 4 5
You may wish to evaluate student responses to
these assignments as you do any other writing Total Score
that students produce. To save grading time, 5 ⫽ highest; 1 ⫽ lowest
however, you may want to use the following
scoring rubric.
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

Language and Sentence Skills Practice Answer Key 65