Shortcuts on Mac:

Command+C = fn+control+C

Terminal Commands - Quick cheat-sheet for the

Practical Linux Command Line 2.0 course
Here is a list of commands to keep on the side when you work with the Linux terminal.

Navigate & search

ls Print the content of a directory

ls -a Same as ls, also shows hidden files

pwd Print the directory where you are now

cd <dir_name> Navigate to directory

cd (no parameter) Navigate to home directory (/user/user_name, or ~)

find <path> List all the files for the path, recursively

find <path> -name “<pattern>” List all the files which correspond to the given pattern

grep <regular_expr> <file_name> Print all lines matching the regular expression

cat <file_name> Print the content of a file

less <file_name> Visualize the content of a file with scrolling capabilities

wc <file_name> Print number of lines, words, and bytes for a file

Manipulate files
touch <file_name> Create a new file

mkdir <dir_name> Create a new directory

mkdir -p <dir1>/<dir2>/<dir3> Create multiple nested directories

mv <file_path> <new_file_path> Move a file/directory and/or rename it

cp <file_path> <new_file_path> Copy a file to a new file

rm <file_name> Remove a file

rm -r <dir_name> Remove a directory and everything inside, recursively

chmod +x <file_name> Make a file executable

./<file_name> Execute a file (if the file is marked as “executable”)

echo “text” Print given text in the terminal

echo “text > <file_name> Truncate file and add given text to it

echo “text” >> <file_name> Add given text at the end of the file

nano <file_name> Open the file in nano editor, also create the file if
doesn’t exist

vim <file_name> Open the file in Vim editor, also create the file if
doesn’t exist

vimtutor Start the Vim tutorial

Permissions
sudo <cmd> Run command with admin privileges

ls -l Same as ls, also shows permissions for files

chown <user_name> <file_name> Change a file’s owner

chmod <mode> <file_name> Change a file’s permissions

Monitor processes & resources

ps List processes running inside the current terminal

ps aux List all processes running on the OS

kill -9 <pid> Kill process with given pid (process ID)

df -h Print currently used and available space on disk

htop Monitor CPU and RAM usage, also list processes

Network
wget <url> Download a file from a URL

hostname Print name of computer/host

Hostname -I Print IP address

ifconfig Print info about available network interfaces

ping <hostname or IP> Check if the hostname/IP is reachable on the network

ssh <user>@<ip> Remotely connect to a machine with SSH

exit Close terminal or SSH connection

Scheduling and automation

crontab -l Display current crontab

crontab -e Edit crontab

crontab -r Remove your crontab

sudo systemctl list-unit-files List all services and see if they are enabled

sudo systemctl enable <service> Enable the service, so it will be run on next boot

sudo systemctl disable <service> Disable the service

sudo systemctl start <service> Start immediately the command in the service

sudo systemctl stop <service> Stop a currently running service

Terminal utils
clear Empty the terminal to have a clear view

history Display previously executed commands

history -c Clear the history

man <command> Display manual for a given command

<command> --help Print a quick help to get started with the command

tree Show files and folders with a tree view

sudo shutdown now Shutdown the OS/computer

sudo reboot Reboot the OS/computer

<cmd1> | <cmd2> Chain 2 commands: pass the output of cmd1 to the

input of cmd2
Install software (Debian, Ubuntu)
sudo apt update Update sources to latest

sudo apt install <package_name> Install a package

sudo apt remove <package_name> Remove a package

sudo apt upgrade Upgrade already installed packages to latest version

sudo apt autoremove Automatically remove unneeded packages

sudo snap install <pkg> Install a package with snap (Ubuntu only)

snap list Print all installed packages with snap (Ubuntu only)

sudo snap refresh Update sources + upgrade packages installed with

snap (Ubuntu only)

sudo snap remove <pkg> Remove a package installed with snap (Ubuntu only)

Install software (CentOS - Fedora)

sudo yum check-update Update sources to latest

sudo yum install <package_name> Install a package

sudo yum remove <package_name> Remove a package

sudo yum update Upgrade already installed packages to latest version

sudo yum autoremove Automatically remove unneeded packages

Install software (MacOS)

brew update Update sources to latest

brew install <package_name> Install a package

brew remove <package_name> Remove a package

brew upgrade Upgrade already installed packages to latest version

brew autoremove Automatically remove unneeded packages

Terminal Shortcuts (some shortcuts are specific to a Linux distribution)
TAB Autocompletion

Ctrl + a Go to beginning of the line

Ctrl + e Go to end of the line

Ctrl + u Remove beginning of the line (before cursor)

Ctrl + k Remove end of the line (after cursor)

Ctrl + r Reverse search in the command line history

Ctrl + Alt + t (Ubuntu) Open terminal

Ctrl + Shift + q (Ubuntu) Close terminal

Ctrl + Shift + t Open new tab in current terminal window

Ctrl + Shift + c Copy from the terminal

Ctrl + Shift + v Paste inside the terminal

Ctrl + c Stop a currently running program in the terminal

Ctrl + s (Nano) Save the file

Ctrl + x (Nano) Quit the file and come back to the terminal

Ctrl + Shift + o (Terminator) Split horizontally

Ctrl + Shift + e (Terminator) Split vertically

Ctrl + Shift + x (Terminator) Put selected terminal in full screen

Alt + L (Terminator) Choose a layout from saved ones